A study on Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. An analysis on the sources of funds, revenue streams, economics benefits and future prospects of the project.

1. INFRASTRUCTURE CONSULTING & MANAGEMENT
GROUP 6
PRATEEK BAHL B005
VIPUL CHAWLA B009
MOHIT GAUR B016
APOORV MITTAL B042

2. OVERVIEW
Scenario in
1995
• Population over 11 million
• About 25 lakh motor vehicles: Number of motor vehicles
in Delhi more than that of Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai put
together
• Extreme congestion on Delhi roads and environment
pollution
• Trend of metro planning at 1 million plus population in
developed nations
The Government of India and Government of Delhi jointly set up a company called the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) with 50-50 equity stakes, on March 5, 1995 with
E.Sreedharan as the managing director
The DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds
30% of total investment by equity capital from GOI and Govt of Delhi. 60% funding from
“soft” loans from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) and the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Rest of the investment proposed to be recovered from internal revenues through
operations and property development
Physical construction work on the Delhi Metro started on October 1, 1998
First line started on December 24, 2002
Phase I:
• Estimated cost: Rs.10,570 crores. 65.11 km of route length, of which 13.01 km is
underground and 52.10 km surface or elevated having 58 stations
• The first phase of the project was completed in 2006 on budget and ahead of its schedule
Phase II:
• Estimated cost Rs.19,131 crores. Route length of 128 km having 85 stations
• The first section opened in June 2008 and the last line opened in August 2011
Phases III:
• Estimated Cost : Rs.35242 crores. Route length of 136.32 kms having 69 stations. 2 new lines
and 11 route extensions proposed for Phase III
• First 2 phases were radial expansions while this phase aimed at interconnecting existing lines
by ring lines to improve connectivity
• Extension of Delhi Metro to Faridabad with route length of 13.875 km having 9 stations,
funded by Government of Haryana and GOI excluding rolling stock, which is being funded by
DMRC
• Phase III will have 28 underground stations covering 41 kms
• Expected ridership of 4 million after completion; planned to be completed by 2016
Phase IV:
• Plan for seven corridors for route length of 113.208 km is under preparation
• It will supplement the existing metro network and provide interchange connectivity and is
planned to be completed by 2021
Phases: 4 phases of 5 years each spread over 20 years

3. The network consists of six lines with a total length of 190.03 kilometres having 142 stations of which 35 are underground
It is one of the largest metro networks in the world
Links Delhi with Noida, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad and Faridabad
It has a combination of elevated, at-grade and underground lines and uses both broad gauge and standard gauge rolling stock
The metro has an average daily ridership of 1.9 million commuters
Red Line
• The Red line was the first line of the Metro to be
opened and connects Rithala in the west to Dilshad
Garden in the east, covering a distance of 25.09
kilometres
• The inauguration of the first stretch between
Shahdara and Tis Hazari on December 24, 2002
Yellow Line
•The Yellow Line was the second line of the
Metro and was the first underground line to
be opened.It runs for 44.36 kilometres from
north to south and connects Jahangirpuri
with HUDA City Centre in Gurgaon
Blue Line
• The Blue Line was the third line of the Metro to be
opened
• It connects Dwarka Sub City in the west with Noida
and Gaziabad in the east by bifurcation at the Yamuna
bank into 2 lines, and coveres a distance of 47.4
kilometres
• The first section of this line between Dwarka and
Barakhamba Road was inaugurated on December 31,
2005
Green Line
• Opened in 2010, the Green Line was the first
standard-gauge corridor of the Delhi Metro running
for 15.1 kilometres
• This line also has the country's first standard-gauge
maintenance depot at Mundka
Violet Line
• Most recent line of the Metro to be opened, and the
second standard-gauge corridor after the Green Line
covering a distance of 20.2 km
• The first section between Central Secretariat and
Sarita Vihar was inaugurated on October 3, 2010, just
hours before the inaugural ceremony of the 2010
Commonwealth Games, and connects the Jawaharlal
Nehru Stadium which is the venue for the opening
and closing ceremonies of the event
Airport Metro
• It is 22.7km in length and connects New Delhi railway
station to Airport terminal 3
• Built at a cost of 2,885 crore line was opened on 24
February 2011
The Network

4. Sourcing of Funds

5. Revenue Sources
Ticket sales: Revenue through passenger traffic
Advertisements and property development
Revenue by leasing out its trains and stations for film and advertisement shoots. Producers have to pay as much as 1 lakh for every hour of filming,
besides a security deposit and insurance
Consultancy projects for upcoming metro projects: Pune, Raipur, Kerala Monorail, Bangalore etc.
External project works: Multi-level car park for Delhi high court, construction & supervision for Jaipur and Kochi metro, work for ILBS
Source Revenue (in Crore Rs.)
Traffic Operations 1523.74
Consultancy Projects 34.23
External Project Works 817.62
Other sources (ads, real estate,
shoots)
311.89
Total 2687.48
For financial year 2012-2013

6. • Various studies conducted on
the impact of the DM on the
environment
• Most studies conclude that
there is a positive impact on
the environment and
reduction in population
• 24-29% reduction in NO; 26-
69% reduction in CO
• Employment opportunity for
unskilled, asset less migrated
workers
• Increase in real estate prices.
• Between 2005-08, the prices
rose at about 18-40% p.a.
• Major rise within 500m of the
metro station
• Decrease in no of road
accidents due to Delhi Metro
According to a report by CRRI
• 1.2 lakhs vehicles are off the
road because of the Metro
• Rs 523 crore is saved annually
in fuel cost
• Rs 2978 crore: Cost in terms
of time of passenger saved
per year
Economic Benefits

7. Delhi Airport Metro Express (DAME)
Bidding Players 2008
◦ L&T-GE Consortium
◦ Seek annual subsidy of 346 crore, or interest free loan of INR 1440 crore from DMRC
◦ Reliance-CAF consortium (95% Reliance Infra, 5% CAF)
◦ Pay annual concession fee of 51 crore from Year 1, increase by 5% annually
◦ Revenue sharing of 1% from Year 1 to 15 and 5% from Year 15 onwards
◦ License Fee of Rs. 10,000 per annum
Contract awarded by DMRC to Reliance Consortium
 30 year BOT PPP model
 Civil structures to be built by DMRC & Reliance
 Rolling stock to be supplied, installed, operated by Concessionaire
 Cost of construction: INR 57 billion, 54% paid by Reliance Concessionaire
 Reliance to raise money at 70:30 debt-equity ratio
 Concessionaire shall operate the line for 30 years, DMRC to take charge
post that
Proposed Actual (as on Jul 2013)
Running Time
24 hours a day, 10 min
frequency
0600 to 2330 Hrs, 15
min frequency
Train Speed
135 kmph (tracks support
speeds upto 350 kmph)
50-65 kmph
(since Jan 2013)
Scheduled
Completion
31st Aug 2010
23rd Feb 2011
(INR 967.5 million fine
paid to DMRC)
Daily
Ridership
42,000 11,000 (peak 20,000)

8. Areas of Dispute
Delay in launch by 6 months (12 months)
 Line was conceived primarily for 2010 CWG, but Reliance couldn’t complete it in time
 Blemish on DMRC’s reputation, who hadn’t delayed any project
DMRC officials suspended services in July 2012 after multiple technical problems reported
 540 bearings had to be replaced, some girders had cracked, water seepage in tunnels
 Officials from DMRC & R Infra blamed each other for faulty construction
 Line reopened after 6 months with reduced speed of 50 kmph
Reliance expressed unwillingness to operate the line in July 2013
 DMRC team had to take over Operations & Maintenance on short notice of 2 days
 Agreement Terminated & R Infra slapped notice on DMRC to recover costs
Lessons Learnt
High estimation of
traffic & inflated
revenue
expectations
•Actual revenue generated from core (fare collection) & non core (advertisements, lease of
commercial space, vending & retail outlets) significantly lesser
•Operational loss of 4 crore per month by Concessionaire
•Metro line was planned in isolation with no feeder links & poor accessibility
Improper risk
sharing in
Agreement
•Commercial, Operational, & Maintenance risks should be borne by private player, while political &
land procurement risks should be borne by govt in a PPP infra project
•Maintenance risk in DAME was shared between partners, with room for both parties to blame
each other
Hurried process
•All infrastructure PPP projects above 100 crore must be approved by PPP Appraisal Committee
•Gaps in contract enabled Reliance Infra to de-risk its borrowings by reducing its equity from 70%
and passing on full debt liability to new promoters & government
•Equity dilution enabled Reliance to make upfront profits & terminate contract, with no incentive to
invest for longterm health of project
Unrealistic bidding
•DMRC itself made loss of 233 crore in 2004, 761 crore in 2005, 894 crore in 2006
•Reliance’s claim of sharing revenue from Day 1 should have been inspected, with respect to L&T
seeking subsidy. ICRA submitted a detailed report in 2009 questioning business model of R Infra
•Claims of developing land for commercial development were attached by Reliance as ‘sweeteners’
Present Situation
Bank consortium led by Axis bank slapped legal notice for non payment of bank loans
 Project has turned into non performing asset
DMRC reduced passenger fare by 40% in July 2014 to attract passengers, and offered higher
discounts to daily riders
 Feeder bus services have been introduced
 Speed of trains increased to 80 kmph
 30.43% increase in ridership observed since DMRC took over in July 2013

9. Handling Increased Ridership
Recorded ridership of over 27 lakhs on 04th August, 2014
Increased Avg speed 33kmph to 36kmph
200 additional automatic fare collection installed gates at various stations
Handling the increasing numbers : 136 Additional 6 coach & 8 coach in last year
Line 4-Aug Ridership 4-Coach 6-Coach 8-Coach Total
1 Dilshad Garden-Rithala 382,188(14.1%) 19 10(focus) - 29
2 Jahangirpuri -HUDA City Centre 962,428(35.6%) - 27 33(focus) 60
3/4 Dwarka Sec21-Noida City Centre/Vaishali 10,23,245(37.8%) - 46 25(focus) 71
5 Inderlok/Kirti Nagar-Mundka 99,357(3.67%) 17 1 - 18
6 Mandi House-Badarpur 218,734 (8.1%) 29 01 - 30

10. Rooftop Solar Power
Commissioned and operated under the Renewable Energy Services Company (RESCO), GIZ
DMRC : Site for the project Developer : Capital cost for project development, Project Operation
and Maintenance Cost
Power Purchase Agreement with the project developer. terms of this agreement have not
been made public
Delhi Metro might get power free of cost after the developer has recovered its capital
investment
Power generated could be used for in-house use at the stations, sold to nearby advertising
hoardings or used for charging electric vehicles in the near the future
Project Capacity
90-2500 KW
Network Potential
52 MW
86.5 mn units
Electricity/year
$8mn (47.6 cr) Savings
with current tariffs

11. Rapid Rail Corridors
July 2013 : National Capital Region Transport Corporation
Limited (NCRTC)
Implementing Agency for Regional Rapid Transit System
(RRTS) projects in the NCR
NCRTC responsibilities : Designing, developing,
implementing, financing, operating and maintaining RRTS
on a pattern similar to the Delhi Metro
Provide impetus to the development of satellite towns
around Delhi
8 Rapid Rail Corridors expected
3 rapid rail corridors finalized (June 11, 2014)
Alwar | Meerut | Panipat
Delhi-Alwar
180kms
Delhi-Panipat
111kms
Delhi-Meerut
90 kms

12. Rapid Rail Corridors : First Three
Alwar RRC is supposed to terminate at Gurgaon | DMRC is perusing to link the Airport Express Metro Line
If agreed upon => operationally profitable Airport line
Delhi will have a total of 11 stations Anand Vihar | Sarai Kale Khan | ISBT Kashmere Gate | Mukarba
Chowk | Narela | ND railway station| INA | Dhaula Kuan | Mahipalpur | Airport Link (Debate)
Center & State
100 Cr
Urban Development
& Railway Ministry
22.5%
NCRPB
5%
Delhi, Haryana,
Rajasthan and UP
Approx. Project Cost
Rs 72,170 crore
Stations
48
Total Length
349 kms
Corridor Length
Delhi
70.7 kms
Completion By
2019

13. THANK YOU