The document provides a comprehensive overview of the Delhi Metro, detailing its inception, phases of construction, and expansion plans, highlighting key achievements such as high ridership and environmental certifications. It outlines the challenges faced, including overcrowding and technical issues, while also noting the innovations in service and infrastructure. Funding sources, including government loans and private investments, as well as the operational aspects like train frequency and ticket purchasing options, are also discussed.

1. DELHI METRO
A Case Study on

2. A BRIEF HISTORY
1. The concept of a mass rapid transit for New Delhi first emerged
from a traffic and travel characteristics study which was carried out
in the city in 1969.
2. Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up a
company called the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) on 3 May
1995, with E. Sreedharan as the managing director.
3. DMRC was given full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and
control funds to avoid delays and time lags.
4. The first line of the Delhi Metro was inaugurated by Atal Bihari
Vajpayee, the Prime Minister of India, on 24 December 2002.

3. CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION
The project was initially rolled out in two phases and now it has been
extended up to Phase V.
1. Phase I
A total of 65 kilometers (40 mi) long network with 58 stations and
the following 3 routes (initial parts of Red, Yellow and Blue lines)
were built within the limits of Delhi state, stations progressively
started to open for the from 25 December 2002 to 11 November
2006.

4. 2. Phase II
A total of 124.63 kilometers (77.44 mi) long network with 85 stations and the
following 10 new routes and extensions was built, out of which seven routes
are extension spurs of the Phase I network, three were new color-coded lines
and three routes connect to other cities (Yellow Line to Gurugram, Blue Line to
Noida and Blue Line to Ghaziabad) of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
The stations progressively started to open for the from 3 June 2008 to 27
August 2011.
The Airport Express line running from New Delhi Railway Station to Dwarka
Sector 21, linking the Indira Gandhi International Airport was also introduced.
3. Phase III
Work on Phase III started in 2011, with 2016 being the planned deadline, and
the actual work to be completed in 2017-18. While the earlier phases focused
on expansion, phase III focuses on reducing the congestion and improving the
connectivity by adding 11 extensions to the existing lines as well as building ring
lines (Pink and Magenta lines).

5. 4. Phase IV
Phase IV has a 2022 deadline. In January 2017, the Delhi Government approved
the Phase IV plan. In July 2017, the Delhi cabinet granted the final approval to
the INR 50,000 crore plan in July 2017 on a 50:50 equity basis with the union
government. It will add 103 kilometers (64 mi) long route within Delhi.
It also has a Sonipat Metro extension path through Yellow Line to connect Delhi
to Sonipat. Other plans of extension to different parts of Haryana and UP are
still pending approval.
5. Phase V
Ex-chief of DMRC stated that by the time Phase IV is completed, the city will
need Phase V to cope with rising population and transport needs. There is still
no official approval of Phase V from DMRC.

6. AIRPORT EXPRESS LINE
1. The 22.7 km line, also known as the Orange line was opened on 23
February 2011 after missing four previously set deadlines. It was
built at a cost of ₹57 billion, of which Reliance Infra paid ₹28.85
billion.
2. The line has facilities such as Check In, Baggage Handles, Wi-Fi and
Post Office. The trains on this line are of a premium standard and
have in-built noise reduction features for a noise-free ride with
padded fabric seats. The coaches are equipped with LCD screens for
entertainment of the passengers and also provide flight information
for convenience of air travelers.
3. Service was suspended from 7 July 2012 to 22 January 2013 due to
technical problems. After reopening, the speed was cut to only 50
km/hr, extending the journey time from the airport to New Delhi
Station to over 40 minutes.

7. 4. On 27 June 2013 Reliance Infrastructure Ltd. announced to DMRC
that they are unable to operate the line beyond 30 June 2013.
Following this, DMRC took over operations of Airport Express line
from 1 July 2013.
5. DMRC reinstated the 80 km/hr speeds on the line in mid-2014. In
January 2015, DMRC reported that the Airport Metro has recorded
about 30 per cent rise in its ridership following the fare reduction of
up to 40% in last July.

8. ROLLING STOCK
1. The Metro uses rolling stock of two different gauges. Phase I lines
use 1,676 mm (5.499 ft) broad gauge rolling stock, while three
Phase II lines use 1,435 mm (4.708 ft) standard gauge rolling stock.
2. For Phase III, 486 coaches (81 six-car trains) are being procured for
two new lines which will have advance feature of Unattended Train
Operation (UTO).
3. Eight 6-car trains supplied by CAF Beasain were imported from
Spain for the orange line. CAF held 5% equity in the DAME project,
and Reliance Infrastructure held the remaining 95% before DMRC
took over the operations.

9. FUNDING
1. The total cost incurred for the metro ranged from Rs. 10,571 crores
in Phase I to Rs.41,079 crores in Phase III.
2. According to DMRC reports, a large part of the funding came in the
form of soft loans from the Japanese Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA). These loans accounted for
approximately 60% of the total funding in Phase I and 48% in Phase
III.
3. 33% of the funding comes from equity shares contributed by both
the Government of India and the state government and the rest
was financed from property development such as ATM’s, Food
Outlets, etc.

10. 4. For the construction of the Airport Express link, the Government of
India and Delhi contributed 39% of the funding and the
concessionaires Reliance Infrastructure and CAF Spain contributed
46%. The private partners, however, abandoned the project a year
into the construction as the rate of return was very low.
5. Delhi Metro recently revised the fare rates after almost 6 years to
overcome the increasing operating cost, tariff rate hike and interest
payments. The revision was approved by the Fare Fixation
Committee.

12. KEY HIGHIGHTS
1. The first phase of the project was completed in 2006, on budget and
almost three years ahead of schedule, an achievement described by
Business Week as "nothing short of a miracle“.
2. The Delhi Metro has seen an enormous increase in ridership over the last
13 years and currently holds a record of the highest-ever ridership this
year — about 25 lakh people in a single day.
3. The Delhi Metro has high satisfaction rate among it’s customers and
increasing technological advancements like mechanized ticket booths.
Also, it introduced a women's compartment in every train to ensure
women safety.
4. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th longest metro system in length and 16th
largest in ridership.

13. 5. Security on the Delhi Metro is handled by the Central Industrial
Security Force (CISF), who have been guarding the system ever
since they took over from the Delhi Police in 2007.
6. For the convenience of customers, Delhi Metro commuters have
three choices for ticket purchase.
7. The trains operate at a frequency of one to two minutes to five to
ten minutes between 05:00 and 00:00, depending upon the peak
and off-peak hours. Trains operating within the network typically
travel at speed up to 50 km/h (31 mph), and stop for about 20
seconds at each station.

14. CHALLENGES
1. High ridership in new trains have led
to increasing instances of
overcrowding and delays on the Delhi
Metro.
2. Their have been multiple instances of
technical snags which leaves many
passenger's stranded.
3. Delhi Metro staff members almost
went on strike on 23 Jul’17 to solve
the issue of hike in pay.
4. Land acquisition problems due to
amendment in the Land Bill.

15. ENVIRONMENT AND AESTHETICS
1. The Delhi Metro has won awards for environmentally friendly practices
from organizations including the United Nations, RINA, and the
International Organization for Standardization, becoming the second
metro in the world, after the New York City Subway, to be ISO 14001
certified for environmentally friendly construction.
2. Most of the Metro stations on the Blue Line conduct rainwater
harvesting as an environmental protection measure.
3. It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits and
has so far earned 400,000 carbon credits by saving energy through the
use of regenerative braking systems on its trains.
4. DMRC is looking forward to harness solar energy and install solar panels
at the stations.
5. Many Metro stations have artwork and literature display to promote the
culture.

16. THANK YOU