Inerrupt
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There are two types of interrupts: hardware interrupts and software interrupts. Hardware interrupts are signals from devices like keyboards and mice that require immediate processing by the CPU. Software interrupts are requests made by running processes to execute another application. Interrupts allow the CPU to interact with I/O devices without waiting and improve system performance. Interrupts can also be prioritized and some can be masked, or ignored, which is not possible with an alternative polling method of device handling.
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Interrupt presentaion
The document discusses interrupts, which occur when a process is executing on the CPU and another process requests to run. This interrupts the running process. There are three main types of interrupts: internal, external, and software interrupts. The interrupt cycle involves suspending the current process, saving its context, running the interrupt handler, restoring context, and continuing the original process. Interrupts are prioritized, with hardware commands having the highest priority and I/O devices the lowest. This priority scheme allows more important interrupts to preempt lower priority ones.
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This document discusses interrupt handling in embedded systems. It defines an interrupt as a signal generated by an external event that causes the CPU to stop current execution and jump to an interrupt service routine (ISR). Hardware interrupts are triggered by peripheral devices, while software interrupts are called from software. The ISR handles the interrupt request and returns execution to the previous location. Interrupts are important for interacting with devices and responding to events immediately. Common hardware interrupt sources include pin changes, timers, and peripheral communication. Embedded systems are often interrupt-driven with processing occurring in ISRs while the system remains in low-power mode. Multiple interrupts are prioritized and handled through interrupt stacking or masking on certain processor architectures.
Section01 overview (1)
The document provides an overview of operating systems with three main points:
1) An operating system acts as an interface between hardware and users, allowing for convenient and efficient usage of resources through parallel processing and protection of information.
2) Operating systems include components like scheduling, memory management, and protection of resources from malicious users through privileged modes.
3) A key function of operating systems is managing the storage hierarchy through caching to make the best use of fast but expensive memory and slower cheaper storage.
Section01 overview
The document provides an overview of operating systems with three main points:
1) An operating system acts as an interface between hardware and users, allowing for convenient and efficient usage of resources through multitasking, memory protection, and allocating resources to each user.
2) Operating systems include components like scheduling, handling concurrent CPU execution and I/O, memory management, and deadlock protection. They also have characteristics like time-sharing, multiprocessing, and supporting real-time systems.
3) Operating systems manage hardware resources and a storage hierarchy with caching. They provide protection between users and the system through privileged modes, controlled access to I/O, memory, and CPU time allocation.
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Queue
A queue is a linear data structure where insertion is done at one end called the rear and deletion is done at the other end called the front. There are different types of queues including simple, circular, deque, and priority queues. A priority queue allows insertion and removal of items from any position based on priority. Common queue operations are insertion, deletion, and examples of queue usage include lines at registers and traffic signals.
Mpeg7
MPEG-7 is a multimedia content description standard that allows for fast and efficient searching of multimedia data. It provides standardized descriptions for various types of multimedia information like audio and video. MPEG-7 consists of parts for systems, description definition language, visual, audio, multimedia description schemes, reference software, conformance testing, and profiles and levels. Its goal is to make multimedia information as easy to find, retrieve, access, filter and manage as text-based information on the web.
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This document provides an overview of ASP.NET master pages. It explains that a master page defines a consistent layout that content pages can use, and that when a content page is requested it merges with the master page to produce the final output. It describes how master pages work, their advantages like centralized functionality, and how the runtime merging of master and content pages produces the rendered page sent to the browser.
Training and placement reportmsword
The document describes a training and placement system project that was developed to manage student and company information. Key features of the system include maintaining student details, tracking student status, viewing company availability, and searching for student details. The system has administrator and user modules, with the administrator able to update information and the user able to register, view company details, and search by city. Tables are included to store user, company, and student registration information for the database.
acknowledgement
The students acknowledge Gujarat Technological University for providing the platform to develop their software project. They thank their department head and internal guide for their support and helpful inputs during the development, implementation, and presentation of the project. The students also appreciate their classmates and others who helped make the software project more efficient.
Training and placement
The document describes a training and placement system project that was developed to manage student and company information. Key features of the system include maintaining student details, tracking student status, viewing company availability, and searching for student details. The system has administrative and user modules, with administrators able to update student/company data and user able to register, view placements, and search companies. Tables were created to store user, student, company and other data, and diagrams like ERD, DFD and use cases were designed to illustrate the system structure and flow.
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This document outlines the contents of a project, including an introduction describing the abstract, company, profile, overview, and modules. It discusses the user interface and database requirements, proposed system, and analysis tools. The complete project structure is defined through entity relationship diagrams, data flow diagrams, searching process diagrams, use case diagrams, process flow diagrams, and sequence flow diagrams. Test cases and conclusions are also included.
3 page acknowledgement1
The students acknowledge Gujarat Technological University for providing the platform to develop their software project. They thank their department head and internal guide for their support and helpful inputs during the development, implementation, and presentation of the project. The students also appreciate their classmates and others who helped make the software project more efficient.
Training and placement ppt
This document describes a training and placement management system created by students for their college. It includes an introduction, the technologies used, data flow diagrams, data dictionaries, screen designs, an ER diagram, and conclusion. The system allows students, companies, and administrators to manage training, placement, and other related processes. It provides functionality like registration, profile management, job posting, and search. The goal is to automate the current manual system for better management of information and services for students and recruiters.
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#Abstract:
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#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
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Inerrupt
- 1. • Sub:COA • Topic name: Different Types Of Interrupt • Prepared by: Parmar Bhavesh (150083116007)
- 2. Interrupts • When a Process is executed by the CPU and when a user Request for another Process then this will create disturbance for the Running Process. This is also called as the Interrupt. What is an Interrupt? • Interrupt is a signal which has highest priority from hardware or software which processor should process its signal immediately.
- 3. Types of Interrupts: • Hardware Interrupt • Software Interrupt
- 4. Hardware Interrupt Hardware Interrupt are used by the CPU to interact with input/output devices(such as keyboard and mouse). • Hardware Interrupt improve system performance by allowing the CPU to execute instructions, instead of just waiting for the I/O device, while still performing the required data transfers.
- 5. • Maskable Interrupts:- • An Interrupt that can be disabled or ignored by the instructions of CPU are called as Maskable Interrupt. Eg: RST6.5,RST7.5,RST5.5 OF 8085 are maskable Interrupts. • Non-Maskable Interrupts:- • An interrupt that cannot be disabled or ignored by the instructions of CPU are called as Non-Maskable Interrupt. Eg:TRAP of 8085
- 6. Software Interrupt • The Software Interrupts are those which are made some call to the System for Example while we are Processing Some Instructions and when we wants to Execute one more Application Programs.
- 7. Purpose of Interrupts • The Microprocessor can serve several devices. • There are two ways to offer service: Interrupts and Polling. • The advantage of interrupts is that the microprocessor can serve many devices (not all at the same time)each device can get the attention of the microprocessor based on the priority assigned to it. • The polling method cannot assign priority because it checks all devices in a round-robin fashion.
- 8. Cont.….. • More importantly, in the interrupt method the microprocessor can also ignore (mask) a device request for service. • This is not possible with the polling method.