India's Nationalism
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The document discusses the rise of Indian nationalism and independence movement. It traces the formation of the Indian National Congress to fight for more Indian representation and rights under British rule. Key leaders like Gandhi used nonviolent protests and civil disobedience to grow the movement. After independence in 1947, religious tensions and riots have erupted periodically in India between Hindus and Muslims, with nationalist parties like BJP sometimes exacerbating the issues. Major challenges around identity and unity remain for India's diverse population.
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The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. BACKGROUND Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was a peak period from 1919 to 1922 casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
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The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle.
Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their resentment.
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All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919. The first Khilafat Conference at Delhi in November 1919 was arranged in which the Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru participated. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community.
These steps were announced:
No participation in victory celebrations.
Boycott of British goods.
Non Cooperation with the Government.
The second Khilafat Conference (Amritsar) was held in Dec. 1919. Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali joined the session after being released from prison. In Jan. 1920, M. A. Ansari led a delegation
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2) It describes Sir Syyid Ahmed Khan's role in advocating for separate electorates and the Aligarh movement to promote education and political participation for Indian Muslims.
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3) The Arya Samaj organization's calls in 1883 to stop Muslims from sacrificing cows put religious unity at risk for Muslims.
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The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. BACKGROUND Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was a peak period from 1919 to 1922 casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
Goals
1. Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact. 2. To preserved the Territorial solidarity. 3. Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims.
DIMENSIONS
The writings of the Muslim intellectuals provoked the sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat and retention of the Muslims control of the holy places.
The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle.
Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their resentment.
The Allies imposed humiliating terms on defeated Turkey.
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Deligations:
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Medical Aid:
Doctors,nurses arid medicines were dispatched to Turkey for the treatment of wounded Turkish soldiers.
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Treaty Of Sevres:
In 1920, treaty of sevres was signed between Allied forces.It was decided by the treaty that the Allies and Syria,Iraq and Jordan woud be separated from Turkish empire.
Processions:
Muslim volunteers presented themselves to police for arrests.All leaders were sent behind the bars but the movement could not be diminished.
Protests in India:
All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919. The first Khilafat Conference at Delhi in November 1919 was arranged in which the Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru participated. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community.
These steps were announced:
No participation in victory celebrations.
Boycott of British goods.
Non Cooperation with the Government.
The second Khilafat Conference (Amritsar) was held in Dec. 1919. Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali joined the session after being released from prison. In Jan. 1920, M. A. Ansari led a delegation
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Fascism originated in Italy in 1919 when Benito Mussolini founded the fascist movement. Fascism was anti-communist, anti-democratic, and anti-liberal. It glorified violence and wanted a powerful state to control all aspects of citizens' lives. Nazism originated in Germany in 1920 when Adolf Hitler joined the German Workers' Party and transformed it into the Nazi party. Nazism was influenced by German nationalism and anti-communism. It believed in racial purity and the superiority of the Aryan race. While both were totalitarian ideologies, Nazism emphasized racism more strongly than fascism.
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1) The document discusses the various causes that led to the creation of the All India Muslim League in 1906, including the decline of the Mughal Empire, the 1857 war of independence, the establishment of the British system of government and the Indian National Congress.
2) It describes Sir Syyid Ahmed Khan's role in advocating for separate electorates and the Aligarh movement to promote education and political participation for Indian Muslims.
3) The partition of Bengal in 1905 and the resulting hostility between Hindus and Muslims is cited as a key cause, leading Muslim leaders to decide to form a common organization to represent Muslim interests.
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1) The document outlines the key principles of India's foreign policy, including the promotion of world peace, anti-colonialism, anti-racialism, non-alignment, and the Panchsheel principles.
2) It discusses India's objectives in foreign policy such as protecting national interests, strengthening ties with neighbors and major powers, and reforming international organizations like the UN.
3) India aims to ensure regional stability and counter terrorism while strengthening economic and strategic cooperation internationally.
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I. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
1.2 theories of nationalism
The document summarizes the theories of five major nationalist theorists: Ernest Gellner, Miroslav Hroch, Eric Hobsbawm, Ernest Renan, and Benedict Anderson. It provides overviews of their key concepts, models, and definitions regarding nationalism. It also includes a timeline of major historical events relevant to the development of nationalist ideologies and nation-states.
Nationalism in india
The document discusses the spread of nationalism in India following 1919 and the development of the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements. It explains how Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and used his concept of satyagraha, or non-violent resistance, to organize peasants and mill workers. In response to the Rowlatt Acts and Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Gandhi launched a nationwide non-cooperation movement in 1920 combining demands for self-rule and support of the Ottoman Khalifa. Different social groups participated in the movement with their own interpretations of swaraj or self-rule.
The rise of nationalism in Europe
This document discusses how nations were portrayed allegorically by artists in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nations were often represented as female figures, with France depicted as Marianne. Marianne came to represent liberty and the French Republic. She was featured on coins and stamps. Similarly, Germania became the allegory for Germany. By the late 19th century, nationalist groups in Europe had become intolerant of each other and increasingly militaristic. Tensions rose particularly in the Balkans as nations there sought independence from the Ottoman Empire, often using competing historical claims over the same territories, fueling rivalry among them and European powers seeking to exert control over the region. This contributed to a series of wars and ultimately World War I.
Leaders are born and not made
This document discusses theories of leadership, including the idea that leaders are born versus made. It provides examples to support each perspective. The great man theory and trait theories suggest that leaders possess innate qualities and traits. Alternatively, behavioral theories propose that leadership skills can be learned and developed over time through experiences, as evidenced by cases of Martin Luther King Jr. and the transformation of KWS Management in Kenya. The document explores the nature versus nurture debate in relation to leadership development.
Nationalism In Europe PPT
Nationalism has been an important factor in the development of Europe and involves a sense of common identity and belonging to a particular area and culture. The modern nation-state developed over time in Europe with centralized power over a defined territory. During the French Revolution in 1789, the concept of the nation-state emerged as citizens developed a sense of national identity, paving the way for political transformation in Europe. Several other revolutions in places like England, Germany, and Italy in the 1800s were also driven by nationalism and a desire for liberal governments.
Rise of Nationalism in India
O Nationalism in India grew in the late 19th century as the country faced political, social, and economic changes under British rule. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as a leader of the independence movement in the 1920s, advocating for nonviolent civil disobedience. Major events like the Amritsar Massacre and Salt March mobilized many Indians against British rule. While the British made some concessions, Gandhi and the Indian National Congress pushed for full independence, which was achieved in 1947.
Introduction to Organization Behavior
This document provides an introduction to organizational behavior. It defines key terms like OB, management functions, and dependent and independent variables that influence organizational outcomes. It describes how OB draws from various disciplines like psychology, sociology, and anthropology to study individual and group behavior in organizations. It also outlines major challenges and opportunities for applying OB concepts, like responding to workforce diversity, improving quality and ethics.
1.1 what is nationalism
Nationalism is the belief that the nation should be the central principle of political organization and that nations have the right to self-determination and independent statehood. There are different forms of nationalism including political, cultural, ethnic, liberal, conservative, expansionist, and anticolonial nationalism. While nationalism can promote social cohesion and independence, it is also seen by some as inherently divisive and a potential source of conflict between groups.
Nationalism in europe
The document discusses the rise of nationalism and nation-states in Europe between the late 18th to mid-19th century. Key events and ideas included the French Revolution promoting national symbols and centralized rule; the spread of Jacobin clubs and French invasion promoting nationalist ideals across Europe; and the Congress of Vienna establishing conservative monarchies but failing to suppress liberal nationalism and demands for national self-determination, fueling revolutions in the 1830s and 1840s that established more nation-states like Belgium and Greece. Figures like Mazzini promoted nationalist ideas that further revolutions against Austrian, Spanish and Ottoman rule to eventually unify Italy and the Balkan states.
Nationalism In India
The document discusses the growth of nationalism in India through various movements between World War 1 and the early 1930s. It highlights how the First World War, Khilafat movement, and Non-Cooperation Movement helped unite social groups under the banner of independence. Gandhi emerged as a leader advocating non-violent civil disobedience. His Salt Satyagraha and the Civil Disobedience Movement in the 1930s mobilized large sections of society. However, differing groups had their own aspirations, and some movements turned violent as peasants pursued land reforms. The British responded with brutal repression and arrests of leaders.
Nationalism in india.
The document summarizes the rise of nationalism in India in the early 20th century. It discusses several key events:
1) World War I increased taxes and prices in India, hardening resentment against British rule. Satyagraha campaigns in the 1910s-1920s protested oppressive policies.
2) The Rowlatt Acts of 1919 gave authorities broad powers to repress political activities. Protests led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, further fueling nationalism.
3) The Non-Cooperation Movement of the 1920s involved boycotts of British goods and institutions. It ended after violent clashes in some areas. Simon Commission proposals were rejected, fueling the demand for full independence
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Nationalism overview - Unit 5B Other Ideological Traditions
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The Development Of Modern India
The document summarizes the history of modern India from the Mughal Empire through the 21st century. It discusses the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in the 16th-18th centuries and the subsequent arrival and domination of European colonial powers, especially the British East India Company. It then covers Indian resistance to British rule through figures like Gandhi and the establishment of the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947. It concludes by noting some ongoing divisions and development challenges in independent India today.
The Development Of Modern India
The document summarizes the history of modern India from the Mughal Empire through the 21st century. It discusses the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in the 16th-18th centuries and the subsequent arrival and domination of European colonial powers, especially the British East India Company. It then covers Indian resistance to British rule through figures like Gandhi and the establishment of the independent states of India and Pakistan in 1947. It concludes by noting some ongoing divisions and development challenges in independent India today.
Indian Nationalism and Independence (1).ppt
1. The document discusses the history of Indian independence and the creation of Pakistan, from British rule of India in the late 19th century to the partition in 1947.
2. It led to the rise of nationalism in both the Indian National Congress and Muslim League, with leaders like Gandhi, Jinnah, and Nehru advocating for self-rule.
3. Gandhi employed nonviolent civil disobedience through campaigns like the Salt March, but Hindu-Muslim tensions rose and the British ultimately granted independence, partitioning India and creating Pakistan in 1947.
1.pdf
This document summarizes sectarian conflicts in India between various religious groups including Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, and others. It discusses the historical, political, economic, and cultural factors that have contributed to these conflicts. Some of the key sectarian conflicts mentioned include Hindu-Muslim conflicts that intensified under British rule and led to the partition of India and Pakistan, Hindu-Sikh conflicts in Punjab in the 1980s, and conflicts between Hindus and other minority religions like Christianity in recent decades. The document analyzes how British colonial policies of divide and rule exacerbated religious tensions, as well as how Indian politics and economic inequalities have also played a role in sectarian issues over the years.
Independence And Development
1) Mohandas Gandhi urged Indians to gain independence through nonviolent means such as non-cooperation and civil disobedience. He developed the philosophy of satyagraha, or nonviolent resistance, which emphasized truth force and converting the wrongdoer through nonviolence.
2) As nationalist demands for independence increased after World War I, the British responded with increasing force. This led to events like the 1919 Amritsar Massacre and gained global attention for the Indian independence movement.
3) After independence in 1947, India established a parliamentary democracy but faced challenges integrating its diverse religious and cultural groups, as the partition with Pakistan exacerbated Hindu-Muslim tensions and violence.
Indian Independence
The document provides background on the independence movement in India and the creation of Pakistan. It discusses how India was ruled by Britain and the rise of Indian nationalism represented by the Indian National Congress. However, the Congress did not adequately represent Muslims, leading to the formation of the Muslim League. Key figures like Gandhi, Jinnah, and Tilak led movements for independence using different approaches. Tensions grew between Hindus and Muslims, with Jinnah supporting the idea of an independent Muslim state of Pakistan. After World War II, the British passed the India Independence Act in 1947, granting independence but partitioning British India into the newly independent dominions of India and Pakistan.
Social
The document discusses the rise of Indian nationalism from the 1870s to 1947. It covers the emergence of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and key figures and events that shaped the growing nationalist movement such as the Partition of Bengal in 1905, the Rowlatt Acts, and the non-violent campaigns led by Gandhi including the Champaran Satyagraha and protests against the Rowlatt Acts. The document also discusses the impact of World War 1 and the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre in galvanizing nationalist sentiment across India.
Ch30 sec1
After gaining independence, the region of South Asia faced significant challenges. India and Pakistan fought over the territory of Kashmir, while civil war and violence resulted in the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan. Today, South Asia nations continue to struggle with poverty, religious and ethnic conflicts, political instability, and the threat of nuclear war between India and Pakistan. Ethnic tensions have also fueled fighting in Sri Lanka.
Nationalism in india History chap 3
1) The document discusses the growth of Indian nationalism in response to colonial rule. People began discovering their shared identity and unity through their struggle against the British.
2) It also describes the impacts of World War 1 in India, including economic hardship, famine, and increased anger that led many to join the freedom struggle.
3) Gandhi's non-violent civil disobedience movements like satyagraha are summarized, including his early campaigns in different parts of India in the 1910s-1920s.
Indian nationalism and gandhi
- India was partitioned in 1947 when it gained independence from Britain, dividing it into the nations of India and Pakistan.
- The partition aimed to separate India along religious lines but resulted in mass violence and displacement as millions of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs crossed the new borders.
- Over 15 million people became refugees as a result of the partition, which left deep wounds that have impacted India-Pakistan relations to this day.
ppt on life and activities of sardar vallabh bhai patel
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was an Indian independence leader who served as India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. He was born in 1875 in Gujarat and played a key role in the independence movement. As Home Minister, Patel unified over 500 princely states into the Indian union after independence in 1947, earning him the title of "Iron Man of India." He passed away in 1950 from health complications.
The Indian Independence Movement
WW1 saw millions of Indian volunteers assist Britain in the war, expecting self-government in return, but tensions rose as independence was not granted, fueling the independence movement led by Gandhi and civil disobedience protests against British rule, as India pushed for more autonomy while Britain wanted to maintain control over its colonial possession.
10th english-socialscience-2
This document provides an overview of Mahatma Gandhi's life and role in the Indian independence movement. It discusses Gandhi's early life and time in South Africa, where he developed the principles of satyagraha (non-violent protest) and launched several campaigns against discrimination. After returning to India in 1915, Gandhi began organizing protests within the country, launching movements in Champaran and Kheda that pressured the British to accept farmer demands. The document also briefly mentions key events like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the non-cooperation movement, and Quit India movement that Gandhi led in the fight for independence.
15943727-The-Struggle-for-Pakistan-after-the-war-of-independence-1857-1920.ppt
The document summarizes key events in Muslim reform movements between 1905-1920 in India. It discusses the formation of the Indian National Congress and Muslim League, as well as reforms like the Minto-Morley reforms. It also covers reactions to the partition of Bengal, the Lucknow Pact between Congress and the League, and unrest during and after World War 1, including the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh incident.
partitionofbengal
The partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British Viceroy sparked widespread protests. The partition divided Bengal along religious lines for political reasons, encouraging division between Hindus and Muslims. Massive non-violent protests organized under leaders like Tilak included boycotts, swadeshi movements, and acts of civil disobedience. Though the British cracked down on protesters, the movement gained momentum and significance. Ultimately, the partition was reversed in 1911 due to its political impacts. However, it left lasting effects on religious politics and the growth of Indian nationalism.
All India Muslim League
Here you will find: All India Muslim League. Factors led to the formation of Muslim league. Muslim league after partition. Conclusion.
A political party called the All-India Muslim League was founded in British India in 1906 and became known as the Muslim League. The Nawab of Dhaka, Khwaja Salimullah, proposed the formation of a political party to further the interests of Muslims in British India at the All-India Muslim Education Conference's annual conference in Ahsan Manzil in 1906.
Indian independence and partition ppt
The document summarizes the history of Indian independence and partition. It discusses key events like the Sepoy Rebellion, the formation of the Indian National Congress and Muslim League, Gandhi's non-violent protests including the Salt March, and the partition of British India into independent India and Pakistan in 1947. This led to violence and displacement as millions of Hindus and Muslims migrated between the two newly formed countries. Issues over the region of Kashmir also caused ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan.
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India's Nationalism
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- 14. THE END !!!