1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution. 2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces. 3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.

1. Instability of Federalism in Pakistan M. Nadeem Jahangir 24 March 2009 Institute of Science & Technology Development, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro-Pakistan.