This document provides an overview of the Indian civil aviation industry. It discusses key statistics such as India being the 9th largest civil aviation market worth $12 billion with 4,200 airports and 27,000 aircraft. It also discusses the current scenario of 18% growth in passenger traffic but operational losses for airlines. The major factors influencing the industry are high fuel prices accounting for 45% of costs, a weak rupee, increasing airport charges, and rising service taxes. The document also examines pricing strategies, advertising and branding, and competition in domestic and international markets. It concludes that while growth is currently low, India is poised to become the world's 3rd largest aviation market by 2020.
The document discusses the aviation industry in India. It provides background on aviation and defines the aviation industry. It then discusses the growth of the aviation industry in India, highlighting that India is among the top 10 civil aviation markets and is projected to be among the top 5 by 2020. It also outlines India's major airlines and the history of aviation development in the country. However, it notes that the industry faces several challenges, including infrastructure constraints at airports, high jet fuel prices, airport congestion, lack of technical manpower, and issues with land acquisition for new projects.
The Civil Aviation Industry in India has decided to introduce easy entry and exit rules for regional airlines to encourage greater participation. Airlines operating on regional routes will be allowed to cease operations if they deem operations unprofitable after a set period. This is expected to lead to a surge in the number of new airlines with small fleets and aircraft. The goal is to enhance ease of doing business while respecting market forces with minimal government interference.
The document provides an overview of the airline industry in India. It discusses the history of the industry from 1912 onwards and how the government established Air India and Indian Airlines in 1953. It also covers key topics like demand drivers, market size, major costs, pricing factors, impact on the economy, major airlines (SpiceJet, IndiGo, Jet Airways), technology, regulations, and competition in the industry. It concludes that India's aviation industry has significant untapped growth potential and stakeholders should collaborate with policymakers to implement decisions that boost the industry.
The airline industry involves transporting people and cargo by air on a global scale. It encompasses aircraft manufacturers, airports, airlines, cargo companies, travel agents, and other support industries. Major types include scheduled passenger carriers, cargo carriers, and general aviation. Key metrics used to evaluate airlines include revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), available seat kilometers (ASK), passenger load factor, unit cost, and average unit revenue. Major events were the 1944 Chicago Convention establishing international standards, and airline deregulation in the 1970s-80s allowing more competition. The industry is characterized as capital intensive, seasonal, thin profit margins, and labor intensive service-based.
The Indian aviation industry has experienced rapid growth and transformation over the past two decades, moving from a government-owned sector to one dominated by private airlines. While domestic passenger traffic has grown at over 18% annually, infrastructure constraints and high costs continue to challenge airline profitability in the competitive Indian market. Further reforms and investments are needed to develop infrastructure and support continued growth in the aviation industry.
The document is a presentation on the aviation industry that covers several topics:
- It introduces the presenter and acknowledges their faculty.
- It discusses factors affecting the development of the aviation industry such as costs, government policies, and competition.
- It provides details on the growth of low-cost carriers in India and compares fares between low-cost and full-service airlines.
- It examines the increase in domestic airlines in India and how the aviation industry impacts the overall economy.
The document discusses the history and development of aviation and air transport. It describes how air travel has evolved from early dreams of human flight to today's global industry providing comfortable and hassle-free travel across long distances in a matter of hours. Various airlines operating in India are also discussed, including their origins, fleets, destinations served, and market shares. The growth of the civil aviation sector in India is attributed to factors like rising economy and expanding middle class.
The aviation industry in India has grown rapidly since liberalization in the 1990s. It has transformed from a government-owned industry to one dominated by private airlines. Low-cost carriers now account for 75% of the domestic market. While traffic growth has exceeded countries like China and Brazil, the industry now faces challenges like rising oil prices, losses for some airlines, and infrastructure constraints at airports.
The document discusses the aviation industry in India. It provides background on aviation and defines the aviation industry. It then discusses the growth of the aviation industry in India, highlighting that India is among the top 10 civil aviation markets and is projected to be among the top 5 by 2020. It also outlines India's major airlines and the history of aviation development in the country. However, it notes that the industry faces several challenges, including infrastructure constraints at airports, high jet fuel prices, airport congestion, lack of technical manpower, and issues with land acquisition for new projects.
The Civil Aviation Industry in India has decided to introduce easy entry and exit rules for regional airlines to encourage greater participation. Airlines operating on regional routes will be allowed to cease operations if they deem operations unprofitable after a set period. This is expected to lead to a surge in the number of new airlines with small fleets and aircraft. The goal is to enhance ease of doing business while respecting market forces with minimal government interference.
The document provides an overview of the airline industry in India. It discusses the history of the industry from 1912 onwards and how the government established Air India and Indian Airlines in 1953. It also covers key topics like demand drivers, market size, major costs, pricing factors, impact on the economy, major airlines (SpiceJet, IndiGo, Jet Airways), technology, regulations, and competition in the industry. It concludes that India's aviation industry has significant untapped growth potential and stakeholders should collaborate with policymakers to implement decisions that boost the industry.
The airline industry involves transporting people and cargo by air on a global scale. It encompasses aircraft manufacturers, airports, airlines, cargo companies, travel agents, and other support industries. Major types include scheduled passenger carriers, cargo carriers, and general aviation. Key metrics used to evaluate airlines include revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), available seat kilometers (ASK), passenger load factor, unit cost, and average unit revenue. Major events were the 1944 Chicago Convention establishing international standards, and airline deregulation in the 1970s-80s allowing more competition. The industry is characterized as capital intensive, seasonal, thin profit margins, and labor intensive service-based.
The Indian aviation industry has experienced rapid growth and transformation over the past two decades, moving from a government-owned sector to one dominated by private airlines. While domestic passenger traffic has grown at over 18% annually, infrastructure constraints and high costs continue to challenge airline profitability in the competitive Indian market. Further reforms and investments are needed to develop infrastructure and support continued growth in the aviation industry.
The document is a presentation on the aviation industry that covers several topics:
- It introduces the presenter and acknowledges their faculty.
- It discusses factors affecting the development of the aviation industry such as costs, government policies, and competition.
- It provides details on the growth of low-cost carriers in India and compares fares between low-cost and full-service airlines.
- It examines the increase in domestic airlines in India and how the aviation industry impacts the overall economy.
The document discusses the history and development of aviation and air transport. It describes how air travel has evolved from early dreams of human flight to today's global industry providing comfortable and hassle-free travel across long distances in a matter of hours. Various airlines operating in India are also discussed, including their origins, fleets, destinations served, and market shares. The growth of the civil aviation sector in India is attributed to factors like rising economy and expanding middle class.
The aviation industry in India has grown rapidly since liberalization in the 1990s. It has transformed from a government-owned industry to one dominated by private airlines. Low-cost carriers now account for 75% of the domestic market. While traffic growth has exceeded countries like China and Brazil, the industry now faces challenges like rising oil prices, losses for some airlines, and infrastructure constraints at airports.
The document summarizes the domestic aviation industry in India. It discusses the history and key players in the industry. Some of the major players mentioned are Air India, Jet Airways, IndiGo, SpiceJet and Go Air. It also analyzes the macro environment factors like growing economy, middle class and potential for future growth. Low cost carriers have been gaining popularity in India and the business models of these carriers are also summarized. The document concludes with future trends of increasing passenger traffic and challenges around infrastructure constraints.
International civil aviation organization (icao)Cecelia Palili
The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) is a UN specialized agency created in 1944 to regulate international air travel. ICAO's vision is to achieve sustainable growth of global civil aviation while leaving no country behind. Its strategic objectives include improving aviation safety, efficiency, security, and facilitating economic development and environmental protection. ICAO works with its 191 member states, including Papua New Guinea, to set standards for air navigation, infrastructure, and security to promote tourism and international air transport.
The civil aviation industry in India has undergone rapid transformation since liberalization. It has grown from a government-owned industry to one dominated by private airlines. Domestic passenger traffic has increased by 20% annually and is expected to reach 150-180 million by 2020. The top airlines are Jet Airways, IndiGo, SpiceJet and Air India. While Jet Airways and Air India have the largest fleets, IndiGo has the highest passenger and seat occupancy rates due to its low-cost strategy. The industry is regulated by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and other laws and organizations that focus on safety, security, and facilitating growth of the aviation sector.
Vistara Airlines is marketing its premium services to business travelers and high-end customers while keeping prices competitive. It aims to create brand awareness and increase its customer base through innovative advertising campaigns. Vistara offers various seating classes with inflight entertainment and catering options. Its marketing strategies focus on visibility through events and partnerships, highlighting its premium product offerings, and building strong customer relationships.
- The document discusses the current state and future vision for the Indian aviation industry. It outlines key issues like inadequate infrastructure, the need for long-term planning and funding. It also discusses the growth of the industry in recent years with more private players and low cost carriers, leading to increased traffic. However, high costs, taxes and regulatory challenges remain issues affecting the industry's profitability and consolidation is expected to continue. Foreign investors are seen as important to providing needed funding but regulations limiting their stake need to be relaxed.
The Indian aviation industry has grown significantly since its establishment in the early 1950s. Major events include the formation of Air India and Indian Airlines after independence, the introduction of jet aircraft in the 1960s, and the opening of the industry to private players in the 1990s. Currently, India has a rapidly growing aviation market and is one of the largest globally, though challenges around infrastructure and costs remain. Key players include Air India, Indigo, SpiceJet and Jet Airways. The future looks promising for further expansion, though continued policy support will be needed.
The document discusses the functions of the Airports Authority of India (AAI), including managing 125 airports, providing air navigation services, and its roles in air traffic control, communication, navigational aids, surveillance, and security. AAI is responsible for the civil aviation infrastructure in India and oversees departments for air traffic services, air traffic management, communication navigation and surveillance, and construction and development of airports and air routes.
The Indian aviation industry has grown significantly over the past decade, with passenger traffic growing around 15% annually. However, growth slowed to 0.7% in 2009. The vision is for 280 million passengers by 2020. Private carriers were introduced in the 1990s and led to intense price competition through discounted fares like Apex. Low-cost carriers like Air Deccan further drove down prices. Major carriers have consolidated through mergers and acquisitions, like Jet Airways acquiring Air Sahara and Kingfisher Airlines acquiring a stake in Air Deccan. The industry now faces opportunities for further growth but also threats from economic slowdowns and infrastructure limitations.
The aviation industry in India is highly growing and is expected to become the third largest aviation market by 2020. Key reasons for its growth include the expansion of low-cost carriers, modernization of airports, increases in foreign direct investment and advances in information technology. Currently, Indigo has the largest market share at around 40% and the top 4 airlines (Indigo, Jet Airways, Air India, and SpiceJet) combine for over 80% of the market. The government is taking steps like opening more regional routes and smaller airports to further develop the industry.
The document discusses the Indian aviation industry, including its rapid growth, key players, factors influencing costs, and regulatory environment. It notes that the industry has grown significantly since liberalization began in the 1990s, with passenger traffic growing at 16% annually, and various events like the entry of low-cost carriers in 2003 further fueling expansion. However, challenges remain like high taxes on jet fuel, inadequate infrastructure, and financial difficulties faced by many airlines.
IndiGo Airlines is India's largest airline by market share. It is a privately owned low-cost carrier based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India that started operations in 2006. IndiGo focuses on keeping costs low by only operating Airbus A320 aircraft and not providing meals or entertainment. This strategy has helped IndiGo become profitable when other Indian airlines struggle. It now operates over 300 daily flights to 33 domestic and international destinations.
The presentation discusses the challenges facing the Indian aviation industry. It notes that while the industry grew rapidly over the last decade, it is now facing several issues. These include a large debt burden carried by the major airlines, excess capacity as new aircraft are delivered during an economic slowdown, high fuel costs, lack of adequate infrastructure and airport facilities, environmental and land acquisition clearances slowing expansion, and a shortage of trained technical personnel. Addressing these challenges will be key for the industry to sustain its growth in the future.
This document discusses key metrics used to analyze airline economics, including available seat kilometers (ASK), revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), load factor, yield, and unit cost. It explains how these metrics are calculated and used in the basic airline profit equation of RPM x Yield - ASM x Unit Cost to determine profitability. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating yield from a given flight scenario and how airlines determine ticket prices based on yield management.
Future of airline marketing and airline advertisingAMALDASKH
This document discusses the future of airline marketing and advertising. It outlines key functions of advertising such as setting clear objectives and monitoring performance. Advertising can be used to promote an airline's corporate image, introduce new services, and sell special offers. When creating advertisements, airlines must consider whether it will attract attention, be credible, persuasive by understanding customer needs, and compatible with long-term brand values. Important decisions in advertising include setting a clear brief, selecting an advertising agency, media buying, creative strategies, and monitoring success.
The document discusses the history and development of the aviation industry in India. It covers key events from the first commercial flight in 1911 to the industry's growth period in 2007. Challenges faced in recent years are also summarized, including rising costs, a decline in demand, and miscalculations by some airlines. The conclusion suggests that the future remains bright for Indian aviation despite current difficulties, as the sector works to address issues and better manage operations.
A detailed report of the Aviation industry of INDIA with a comprehensive analysis of "Indigo Airline". How India is maturing itself in this industry and what new ways are being taken by government to revive the same.
This document discusses the Indian aviation industry. It notes that the industry accounts for 0.5% of India's GDP and supports 1.7 million jobs. Key points mentioned include that passenger traffic has grown to 159 million and the fleet size is projected to double to 1000 aircraft by 2020. It also summarizes the market structure, major players like IndiGo, Jet Airways, and SpiceJet, and developments in the industry.
Macroeconomic analysis of Indian Aviation IndustryManas Kasliwal
A detailed analysis of aviation industry and all the macroeconomic factors affecting the sector. Also, covered is the various segments of Indian Aviation
The document summarizes the domestic aviation industry in India. It discusses the history and key players in the industry. Some of the major players mentioned are Air India, Jet Airways, IndiGo, SpiceJet and Go Air. It also analyzes the macro environment factors like growing economy, middle class and potential for future growth. Low cost carriers have been gaining popularity in India and the business models of these carriers are also summarized. The document concludes with future trends of increasing passenger traffic and challenges around infrastructure constraints.
International civil aviation organization (icao)Cecelia Palili
The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) is a UN specialized agency created in 1944 to regulate international air travel. ICAO's vision is to achieve sustainable growth of global civil aviation while leaving no country behind. Its strategic objectives include improving aviation safety, efficiency, security, and facilitating economic development and environmental protection. ICAO works with its 191 member states, including Papua New Guinea, to set standards for air navigation, infrastructure, and security to promote tourism and international air transport.
The civil aviation industry in India has undergone rapid transformation since liberalization. It has grown from a government-owned industry to one dominated by private airlines. Domestic passenger traffic has increased by 20% annually and is expected to reach 150-180 million by 2020. The top airlines are Jet Airways, IndiGo, SpiceJet and Air India. While Jet Airways and Air India have the largest fleets, IndiGo has the highest passenger and seat occupancy rates due to its low-cost strategy. The industry is regulated by the Ministry of Civil Aviation and other laws and organizations that focus on safety, security, and facilitating growth of the aviation sector.
Vistara Airlines is marketing its premium services to business travelers and high-end customers while keeping prices competitive. It aims to create brand awareness and increase its customer base through innovative advertising campaigns. Vistara offers various seating classes with inflight entertainment and catering options. Its marketing strategies focus on visibility through events and partnerships, highlighting its premium product offerings, and building strong customer relationships.
- The document discusses the current state and future vision for the Indian aviation industry. It outlines key issues like inadequate infrastructure, the need for long-term planning and funding. It also discusses the growth of the industry in recent years with more private players and low cost carriers, leading to increased traffic. However, high costs, taxes and regulatory challenges remain issues affecting the industry's profitability and consolidation is expected to continue. Foreign investors are seen as important to providing needed funding but regulations limiting their stake need to be relaxed.
The Indian aviation industry has grown significantly since its establishment in the early 1950s. Major events include the formation of Air India and Indian Airlines after independence, the introduction of jet aircraft in the 1960s, and the opening of the industry to private players in the 1990s. Currently, India has a rapidly growing aviation market and is one of the largest globally, though challenges around infrastructure and costs remain. Key players include Air India, Indigo, SpiceJet and Jet Airways. The future looks promising for further expansion, though continued policy support will be needed.
The document discusses the functions of the Airports Authority of India (AAI), including managing 125 airports, providing air navigation services, and its roles in air traffic control, communication, navigational aids, surveillance, and security. AAI is responsible for the civil aviation infrastructure in India and oversees departments for air traffic services, air traffic management, communication navigation and surveillance, and construction and development of airports and air routes.
The Indian aviation industry has grown significantly over the past decade, with passenger traffic growing around 15% annually. However, growth slowed to 0.7% in 2009. The vision is for 280 million passengers by 2020. Private carriers were introduced in the 1990s and led to intense price competition through discounted fares like Apex. Low-cost carriers like Air Deccan further drove down prices. Major carriers have consolidated through mergers and acquisitions, like Jet Airways acquiring Air Sahara and Kingfisher Airlines acquiring a stake in Air Deccan. The industry now faces opportunities for further growth but also threats from economic slowdowns and infrastructure limitations.
The aviation industry in India is highly growing and is expected to become the third largest aviation market by 2020. Key reasons for its growth include the expansion of low-cost carriers, modernization of airports, increases in foreign direct investment and advances in information technology. Currently, Indigo has the largest market share at around 40% and the top 4 airlines (Indigo, Jet Airways, Air India, and SpiceJet) combine for over 80% of the market. The government is taking steps like opening more regional routes and smaller airports to further develop the industry.
The document discusses the Indian aviation industry, including its rapid growth, key players, factors influencing costs, and regulatory environment. It notes that the industry has grown significantly since liberalization began in the 1990s, with passenger traffic growing at 16% annually, and various events like the entry of low-cost carriers in 2003 further fueling expansion. However, challenges remain like high taxes on jet fuel, inadequate infrastructure, and financial difficulties faced by many airlines.
IndiGo Airlines is India's largest airline by market share. It is a privately owned low-cost carrier based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India that started operations in 2006. IndiGo focuses on keeping costs low by only operating Airbus A320 aircraft and not providing meals or entertainment. This strategy has helped IndiGo become profitable when other Indian airlines struggle. It now operates over 300 daily flights to 33 domestic and international destinations.
The presentation discusses the challenges facing the Indian aviation industry. It notes that while the industry grew rapidly over the last decade, it is now facing several issues. These include a large debt burden carried by the major airlines, excess capacity as new aircraft are delivered during an economic slowdown, high fuel costs, lack of adequate infrastructure and airport facilities, environmental and land acquisition clearances slowing expansion, and a shortage of trained technical personnel. Addressing these challenges will be key for the industry to sustain its growth in the future.
This document discusses key metrics used to analyze airline economics, including available seat kilometers (ASK), revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), load factor, yield, and unit cost. It explains how these metrics are calculated and used in the basic airline profit equation of RPM x Yield - ASM x Unit Cost to determine profitability. Examples are provided to illustrate calculating yield from a given flight scenario and how airlines determine ticket prices based on yield management.
Future of airline marketing and airline advertisingAMALDASKH
This document discusses the future of airline marketing and advertising. It outlines key functions of advertising such as setting clear objectives and monitoring performance. Advertising can be used to promote an airline's corporate image, introduce new services, and sell special offers. When creating advertisements, airlines must consider whether it will attract attention, be credible, persuasive by understanding customer needs, and compatible with long-term brand values. Important decisions in advertising include setting a clear brief, selecting an advertising agency, media buying, creative strategies, and monitoring success.
The document discusses the history and development of the aviation industry in India. It covers key events from the first commercial flight in 1911 to the industry's growth period in 2007. Challenges faced in recent years are also summarized, including rising costs, a decline in demand, and miscalculations by some airlines. The conclusion suggests that the future remains bright for Indian aviation despite current difficulties, as the sector works to address issues and better manage operations.
A detailed report of the Aviation industry of INDIA with a comprehensive analysis of "Indigo Airline". How India is maturing itself in this industry and what new ways are being taken by government to revive the same.
This document discusses the Indian aviation industry. It notes that the industry accounts for 0.5% of India's GDP and supports 1.7 million jobs. Key points mentioned include that passenger traffic has grown to 159 million and the fleet size is projected to double to 1000 aircraft by 2020. It also summarizes the market structure, major players like IndiGo, Jet Airways, and SpiceJet, and developments in the industry.
Macroeconomic analysis of Indian Aviation IndustryManas Kasliwal
A detailed analysis of aviation industry and all the macroeconomic factors affecting the sector. Also, covered is the various segments of Indian Aviation
The document discusses the aviation industry and Jet Airways. It provides background on the aviation industry and economic challenges it faced in 2008 due to rising fuel costs and falling passenger numbers. It then discusses Jet Airways, including its founding and growth. It analyzes Jet Airways' decision in 2008 to lay off over 1,000 employees due to industry challenges, the public backlash, and its decision to reinstate employees after criticism. A month later, Jet Airways announced salary cuts of 5-20% for staff.
The document discusses the characteristics of services marketing as they relate to the airline industry. It identifies the key characteristics of services as intangibility, inseparability, variability/heterogeneity, and perishability. It then provides examples of how each of these characteristics manifest in the airline industry, such as through food/beverages, logos/designs, staff uniforms, and flight bookings for intangibility. It also discusses strategies major airlines use to address these characteristics, such as Indigo focusing on on-time flights and Air India using traditional crew attire.
This document provides an overview of the Indian airline industry and analyzes Kingfisher Airlines. It begins with a PEST analysis of the industry and an introduction to Kingfisher. Next, it covers the 7 P's of Kingfisher's marketing strategy and analyzes the airline using tools like the industrial lifecycle model, SWOT analysis, Porter's 5 forces, and a competitor analysis. It concludes with recommendations for Kingfisher's future growth.
The civil aviation industry in India has grown rapidly in recent years and is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Private airlines now account for around 75% of the domestic aviation market. The government has implemented policies to support growth, such as allowing 100% tax exemption for airport projects and setting up a regulatory authority. Opportunities for further growth include developing more airports and city infrastructure around airports, improving regional connectivity, and expanding MRO facilities. The vision is for the industry to reach 150-180 million passengers by 2020.
This document provides an industry analysis of the Indian airline industry. It includes a timeline of major milestones in the industry, lists the major operational airlines in India, and discusses factors like demand, costs, regulations, and key players. It analyzes segments in the industry like low cost carriers versus full service carriers, and domestic versus international travel. Major airlines like Jet Airways, SpiceJet, and Kingfisher are discussed. The future outlook is also addressed.
The document discusses the history and current state of the airline industry, noting that while it was once luxurious and glamorous, the industry now faces issues like mergers, fees, and unpredictable factors such as fuel costs, weather, and safety issues that challenge its stability and profitability. However, it remains an affordable way to travel, and working in the industry still provides benefits like travel perks that make it worthwhile for some.
This document provides background information on IndiGo Airlines, including its history, expansion both domestically and internationally, and business model. It was founded in 2006 and focuses on low costs through strategies like a single aircraft type, no frills, and direct ticket sales. By 2012, it had become the largest airline in India in terms of market share through consistent emphasis on punctuality and low operating expenses.
Comparative study of Airline industry of IndiaVinit Sadani
To study various aspects of the three airline company which were:
Market Share
Corporate Governance
Financials
Corporate Social Responsibility
Recent Developments
This document discusses the marketing mix of the airline industry. It defines the marketing mix as the different choices organizations make to bring products or services to market. For services like airlines, an enhanced marketing mix is needed that creates desire for the service beyond just reaching customers. The marketing mix in airlines includes 7 Ps - Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence. Each P is then defined in the context of airlines, such as product mix including on-ground and in-flight services, price mix including premium and low-cost options, and promotion mix involving advertising, publicity, and sales promotions. Air India is used as an example, outlining its background, products/services, places
The document provides information on the airline industry in India. It notes that there are 454 airports and airstrips in India, with 127 owned and operated by the Airports Authority of India. It also provides statistics on passenger traffic growth between 2007-2008. The history of the airline industry in India is traced from 1911 onwards. Key regulatory authorities that oversee the industry are also outlined. The policies of open skies and foreign direct investment in the industry are discussed. Details are given on major airlines in India like Jet Airways and Kingfisher Airlines.
The document provides an analysis of the Indian aviation industry. It discusses key trends including consolidation in the industry, growing passenger numbers, the focus on low prices, and increasing capacity. It also outlines recent government initiatives to modernize airports and allow greater private investment and foreign ownership. The industry is growing rapidly, with passenger traffic increasing by 19.2% in early 2010 compared to the previous year. However, airlines face challenges from high fuel costs and fluctuations in the value of the rupee. Major players in the industry are discussed including Air India, Indigo, and Jet Airways.
This presentation discusses customer expectations of service. It begins by defining customer expectations and explaining that there are different types and levels of expectations, including ideal, normative, experience-based, acceptable, and minimum tolerance expectations.
It then examines the factors that influence customer expectations, such as explicit and implicit promises made by marketers, word of mouth, past experience, and situational factors. Current issues involving customer expectations are also addressed, like how to meet unrealistic expectations and exceed customer expectations.
The presentation concludes by providing strategies for how service marketers can influence expectations, answering frequently asked questions, and highlighting examples of what basic expectations customers have for different service types.
This document provides an overview of aviation in India including:
1. India's aviation industry has grown significantly with the entry of private carriers and low-cost airlines, increasing domestic air travel.
2. Major domestic airlines in India include Indigo, Go Air, SpiceJet, and Jet Airways. Low-cost carriers like Indigo have helped make air travel more affordable and accessible.
3. Aviation has helped develop India's economy by supporting tourism and making it easier for people to travel within the country.
The document provides an overview of services marketing concepts including:
1) It defines services and identifies key differences between goods and services such as intangibility, perishability, and simultaneous production and consumption.
2) It introduces the services marketing triangle and expanded 7Ps marketing mix framework for services.
3) It discusses models for understanding service quality like the gaps model and challenges in consumer behavior related to services like higher perceived risk and difficulty evaluating service alternatives.
This document provides an overview and analysis of IndiGo Airlines. It begins with an agenda and background on the aviation industry and IndiGo Airlines. It then performs a PEST, Porter's 5 Forces, SWOT, and TOWS analysis of IndiGo. It discusses IndiGo's market leadership strategies, branding, product mix, and promotional strategies. It concludes with recommendations for IndiGo's future growth.
Continental Airlines has been in operation since 1934. It currently serves over 133 domestic and 132 international destinations with over 40,000 employees. The company aimed to make its operations more efficient through its "Go Forward" plan which focused on improving market share, financial performance, reliability, and employee relations. While Continental struggled with losses after events like 9/11, it returned to profitability in 2006. However, it faced strong competition from larger airlines and had a relatively low market share. Various analyses found that Continental was in a position that required intensive strategies to improve its competitive positioning and market share.
The document provides an introduction to airline industry economics. It discusses how air travel has grown globally and facilitated other industries. It describes the airline industry structure as an oligopoly with few dominant firms and high barriers to entry. It outlines the oligopolistic characteristics airlines exhibit and discusses factors like market share, mergers, mutual dependence, and non-price competition. The document also covers the airlines' economic characteristics such as high costs of labor, fuel, and technology changes. It analyzes how airlines are sensitive to economic fluctuations.
This document provides an overview of Emirates airline, including key details about its founding, headquarters, fleet size, destinations served, and ownership structure. It also summarizes some of Emirates' strategic partnerships and business activities. Charts are presented showing Emirates' revenue sources and value creation approaches. The document then analyzes Emirates' success in building a strong global brand, including factors like government support, employee satisfaction, and innovation. Apparent weaknesses in Emirates' strategic direction are discussed, along with potential solutions. The impact of declining fuel prices on Emirates' future strategy is also considered.
This document provides an overview of Emirates airline, including key details about its founding, headquarters, fleet size, destinations served, and ownership structure. It also summarizes some of Emirates' strategic partnerships and business activities. Charts are presented showing Emirates' sources of revenue and costs. The document then analyzes Emirates' success in building a strong global brand, including factors like government support, employee satisfaction, and innovation. Potential weaknesses in Emirates' strategic direction are discussed, along with how the airline could address issues like overlooking faults in marketing and being overconfident in its industry position. The impact of declining fuel prices on Emirates' future strategy is also considered.
A
Project Report
On
Aviation Industry
Submitted By
Name Roll Number
Miss. KiranBendre 05
Mr. KalidasBhandwalkar 06
Mr. SanketBharte 07
Miss. SangitaBhilare 08
Class: - MBA I, VIIT,Baramati
Under The Guidance Of
Dr. RupendraGaikwad
Subject:- Industry Analysis- Desk Research (215)
Index
Chapter No Contents Page No
1 Industry Analysis
Nature of the Industry,
Market share of the company 3
2 Promoters & Management Ethos
Background of promoters
CSR policies
3 External environment
Controlling ministry
4 Financials
Ratio analysis of financial data
5 Recent development
Margers & Acquisition
Indian Aviation Industry
Chapter 1 : Industry Analysis – the Basics
History of the Industry
The first commercial flight in India was made on February 18, 1911, when a French pilot MonsignorPiquet flew airmails from Allahabad to Nain, covering a distance of about 10 km in as many minutes.
Tata Services became Tata Airlines and then Air-India and spread its wings as Air-India International. The domestic aviation scene, however, was chaotic. When the American Tenth Air Force in India disposed of its planes at throwaway prices, 11 domestic airlines sprang up, scrambling for traffic that could sustain only two or three. In 1953, the government nationalized the airlines, merged them, and created Indian Airlines. For the next 25 years JRD Tata remained the chairman of Air-India and a director on the board of Indian Airlines. After JRD left, voracious unions mushroomed, spawned on the pork barrel jobs created by politicians. In 1999, A-I had 700 employees per plane; today it has 474 whereas other airlines have 350.
For many years in India air travel was perceived to be an elitist activity. This view arose from the “Maharajah” syndrome where, due to the prohibitive cost of air travel, the only people who could afford it were the rich and powerful.
In recent years, however, this image of Civil Aviation has undergone a change and aviation is now viewed in a different light - as an essential link not only for international travel and trade but also for providing connectivity to different parts of the country. Aviation is, by its very nature, a critical part of the infrastructure of the country and has important ramifications for the development of tourism and trade, the opening up of inaccessible areas of the country and for providing stimulus to business activity and economic growth.
Until less than a decade ago, all aspects of aviation were firmly controlled by the Government. In the early fifties, all airlines operating in the country were merged into either Indian Airlines or Air India and, by virtue of the Air Corporations Act, 1953; this monopoly was perpetuated for the next forty years. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation controlled every aspect of flying including granting flying licenses, pilots, certifying aircrafts for flight and issui
Civil Aviation industry in India is growing at an accelerating rate and the country is getting the benefits of its improved connectivity. India has become the world’s third largest domestic aviation market in term of the number of tickets sold. The Civil Aviation Industry has come in new era of expansion, driven by factor such as low cost carriers, modern airports, Foreign Direct Investment in domestic airlines, and growing emphasis on regional connectivity.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for the administration of the aviation industry in India. It plays a significant role in formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of aviation industry. The following are the principal regulatory authorities functioning under the authority of the Ministry of Civil Aviation:-
• Directorate General of Civil Aviation
• Airport Authority of India
• Airport Economic Regulatory Authority
Strategic Management (Lucky Air Case Study)Parth Khurana
Lucky Air is a Chinese low-cost carrier based in Kunming, Yunnan. It was founded in 2004 and officially became a low-cost carrier in 2016. Lucky Air operates domestic routes from its hub at Kunming Changshui International Airport using a fleet of 57 narrow-body aircraft that fly to 62 destinations. It faces competition from other Chinese carriers like China Eastern Airlines and Kunming Airlines. Lucky Air aims to cut costs through strategies like cost leadership, differentiation, and using information technology. However, it also faces threats such as high fuel costs and industry regulations.
This document summarizes the current state of the aviation sector in India. It discusses the growth of the sector since deregulation in 1994, with the emergence of private airlines and low-cost carriers. Key trends are the growth in passenger traffic at an average of 9% annually, as well as projected increases in domestic and international passengers. Challenges facing the industry include high fuel prices, airport congestion, and competition from low-cost carriers. However, factors like rising incomes, tourism, and government reforms are driving the sector's continued growth. The aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul sector is also growing due to the need to service more aircraft. The future of the industry looks promising as India is expected to become one of
British Airways is one of the largest airlines in the UK operating over 550 destinations globally. It carries over 33 million passengers annually and generates billions in revenue. While air travel continues to grow significantly, the airline industry faces many external challenges like economic fluctuations, regulations, competition, and rising fuel costs. British Airways' strategy is to strengthen its brand image and customer service. It aims to grow operations through new aircraft and routes. The communication strategy will focus on restoring confidence through emphasizing improvements since issues at Terminal 5 and working with BAA to solve current and future problems. The theme will be "Try it out, BA is learning and improving."
Paramount Airlines is an Indian airline established in 2005 with its headquarters in Madurai. It operates flights to 12 cities across India using a fleet of Embraer 170/190 aircraft. Paramount aims to offer full business class service at economy prices and provides more legroom and space than competitors. It focuses on underserved routes and point-to-point travel. Paramount's growth strategy includes plans to start international flights in 2011, acquire new aircraft worth $4 billion, and purchase another airline to expand its domestic network. The recommendation is for Paramount to strengthen its brand through increased advertising, engage customers through social media, explore opportunities in cargo transportation, and invest in employee recruitment and training to support its expansion plans.
The Indian aviation industry is one of the fastest growing, at 18% annually. It has evolved from early commercial flights in 1911 to major international alliances today that account for over 60% of global traffic. The industry is an oligopoly dominated by a small number of large firms like IndiGo and Jet Airways. IndiGo has emerged as the largest carrier by market share through efficient, low-cost operations and low fares. Kingfisher Airlines was an early entrant in 2005 but struggled with high ticket prices and other issues. Revenue management and price discrimination are important strategies used by carriers.
Case study.Emirates.Marketing Analysis.pdfkwjghwv929
Emirates Airlines is an international airline based in Dubai that has been negatively impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. It generates over $25 billion in annual revenue but saw profits drop due to decreased international travel. To overcome challenges, Emirates introduced marketing strategies like free Covid tests and insurance to attract customers and sustain its market share. A PESTEL analysis found political stability in Dubai benefits tourism but economic and social factors were negatively impacted by pandemic restrictions. Recommendations include expanding to more countries and offering flexible, low pricing strategies to facilitate travel during Covid-19.
The document discusses services in the airline industry. It provides details about major Indian airlines such as Jet Airways and Kingfisher Airlines. It summarizes that air travel remains a large and growing industry that facilitates economic growth. It also discusses various aspects of service marketing used in the airline industry such as product mix, price mix, promotion mix, and physical evidence.
This document discusses the airline industry and is divided into topics covered by various team members. It provides an introduction to air travel history and defines the airline industry. It discusses key economic factors like the large number of passengers and employees worldwide. It also covers the 4Ps of marketing, the 4Cs of customer relationships, major airline players in India, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, the Indian airline scenario, market segmentation, and the future outlook of the industry.
This document discusses the concept of oligopoly across multiple industries. It begins by defining oligopoly as a market with a small number of producers dominating the market. It then provides examples of oligopolies in industries like aviation, soft drinks, telecommunications, and electricity distribution. It examines the characteristics of oligopolies, including interdependence between firms, barriers to entry, and use of non-price competition. Specific case studies are presented on price wars in the Indian aviation industry and the soft drink oligopoly dominated by Coca-Cola and Pepsi.
The airline industry began in the 17th century and has since grown significantly. It now facilitates economic growth and globalization. Major Indian airlines include Indian Airlines, Kingfisher Airlines, Jet Airways, and Air India, which together hold over 75% of the domestic market share. Airlines use service marketing techniques to attract and retain customers. Their marketing mix includes product offerings, pricing strategies, placement of services, and promotional activities. Core aspects of airline services involve ground services, in-flight services, and reliability, care, and facilities provided to customers.
An insight study of Aviation, Automobile, and Leather Industry of INDIA. Brief but precise information about INDIA as an economy in various defined sectors and how it is coming on the world platform and competing with global players.
Major Role Of Aviation In Development Of Countrymandaramshekar
High oil prices have significantly impacted the domestic air travel industry in India. Aviation fuel (ATF) contributes 40% of airline operating costs in India, but ATF prices are 65% higher on average in India than international benchmarks. This high cost of ATF, combined with high airport charges, has resulted in substantial losses for Indian airlines estimated at $2 billion for fiscal year 2009. Reducing taxes and duties on ATF to bring prices closer to international levels could help lower airline operating costs by 25% and save 500 crore rupees for the industry. However, lower ATF costs may not be passed on to consumers through reduced fares.
This report analyzes Ryanair's industry and strategic position through various frameworks. It conducts a PESTEL analysis of Ryanair's external environment, a Porter's Five Forces analysis of the airline industry, and places Ryanair in Porter's generic strategies as a cost leader. The report also examines Ryanair's strategies and customer programs through a SWOT analysis and applies Christensen's disruptive innovation model in analyzing Ryanair's impact on the industry.
Impact of the Dye industry on the EnvironmentNeha Kumar
Dyes are natural or synthetic substances used to add or change color. Over 10,000 dyes are used industrially, with azo dyes constituting 60-70% of production. The textile industry uses most dyes, accounting for 1.3 million tons annually. Dyeing effluents can pollute water and air, releasing toxic and carcinogenic compounds. In particular, dye wastewater from textile plants is considered one of the most polluting industrial effluents. Common environmental impacts include reduced photosynthesis from dyed water, toxicity and carcinogenicity of certain dyes and their breakdown products. India's dye industries significantly pollute waterways like the river Kshipra. Stric
Facebook acquired WhatsApp for $19 billion in 2014. WhatsApp is a messaging app with over 450 million monthly active users that was seen as a threat to Facebook's growth. The acquisition was aimed at helping Facebook gain new users and data from WhatsApp's large, growing, and engaged user base, especially among younger demographics and in emerging markets, to bolster Facebook's mobile strategy and monetization efforts. Keeping WhatsApp independent also helps Facebook dominate global communications beyond just social networking. The $19 billion price tag was seen as aggressive but as a strategic move to secure Facebook's mobile future.
ITC has diversified from its origins in tobacco into various business segments including FMCG, hotels, paper, and IT. It has the largest distribution network in India. While still reliant on cigarettes, ITC is focusing on growing its non-cigarette businesses like FMCG which saw 15.7% revenue growth. ITC aims to leverage its distribution to become a major FMCG player. Further investments in areas like agriculture, R&D, and expanding markets can help ITC reduce reliance on cigarettes over time.
TCS adheres to a strict code of conduct as defined by the Tata Group to ensure sustainability across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, known as the triple bottom line. Key aspects of the code of conduct focus on national interest, financial reporting, health and safety, equal opportunities, and corporate citizenship. TCS implements various initiatives to achieve sustainability such as green infrastructure, reducing environmental impact, strong financial performance, innovation, and positive economic and social impact through job creation and community development.
CSR & Sustainability in the Indian Pharmaceutical Sector - Focus on GSKNeha Kumar
The document discusses CSR and sustainability in the Indian pharmaceutical sector. It notes that CSR blends well with business strategy for pharmaceutical firms to improve their public image against a backdrop of increasing healthcare costs. The Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks highly globally but only around 10% of large firms report on sustainability. GSK is presented as a case study, with its CSR initiatives focusing on healthcare access, responsible business practices, and environmental sustainability. GSK's work in India includes tribal healthcare projects, nutrition programs, and cancer screening camps. The document outlines good practices by pharmaceutical companies around regulatory compliance, environmental protection, and transparency, as well as examples from major firms.
The document discusses India's legal environment for business and competition law. It provides an overview of India's transition from a command economy to a more liberalized market, including the introduction of the Competition Act of 2002. The Act aims to promote fair competition in India and established the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to prevent anti-competitive practices. The CCI regulates mergers and acquisitions, abuse of dominance, and monitors anti-competitive agreements. It can impose penalties on firms found violating the Act.
The document provides an overview of the Competition Act of 2002 in India. It discusses the historical context leading to the enactment of the earlier Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act of 1969 and the transition to the Competition Act of 2002. The summary is as follows:
1. The MRTP Act of 1969 was enacted to curb monopolistic practices but became outdated with economic reforms in 1991 leading to the need for a new competition law.
2. The Competition Act of 2002 was enacted to promote competition and protect consumer interests in line with India's more liberalized economy. It established the Competition Commission of India to enforce the act.
3. The act aims to prevent anti-competitive practices like cartels
B. Ravindran Pillai v. CIT - Corporate taxation presentationNeha Kumar
The petitioner purchased a hospital including its assets and goodwill valued at Rs. 2 crores. The petitioner claimed depreciation on the goodwill in tax filings. The Commissioner of Income Tax did not allow the depreciation, holding that goodwill is not covered under section 32(1)(ii) of the Income Tax Act. On appeal, the Kerala High Court reversed this decision and held that goodwill is comparable to other intangible assets listed under section 32(1)(ii) such as trademarks and franchises. Therefore, the petitioner is entitled to claim depreciation on the goodwill acquired during the hospital purchase.
This document provides a group assignment report on hyperinflation submitted to a professor at NMIMS University. It contains definitions of hyperinflation, warning signs, causes such as excessive money supply growth and supply shocks, models like the crisis of confidence model and monetary model, units of measurement for inflation, costs of hyperinflation, examples of severe historical hyperinflations in Germany, Zimbabwe and Hungary, latest updates on Venezuela, surviving the aftermath, and conclusions. It examines hyperinflation from economic, historical and practical perspectives.
Knowledge management as a support to enterprise solution - EPSNeha Kumar
This document discusses the implementation of a knowledge management system (KMS) at an IT services company. It outlines the types of knowledge, need for a KMS, requirements analysis, implementation strategy, and challenges. The KMS aims to remove information silos and allow free sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge across business units and projects. Communities of practice were created for employees to collaborate and contribute knowledge. An internally-developed software system supports the KMS.
Managing Business Operations (MBO) Report - Cost: the price of value creationNeha Kumar
This document summarizes initiatives by Schneider Electric to create value for customers. It discusses Schneider's Customer Order Tracking System (COTs) which allows customers to track order status online, reducing time and effort. It also discusses making enclosures available in kit form for easier assembly and transport. A new "Smart Rack" product was launched targeted at the price-sensitive channel market. The document argues that while these initiatives incur some additional costs, they enhance the customer experience and create value through benefits like reduced time, effort and anxiety for customers.
Marketing RESEARCH DESIGN for Zandu Ayurveda’s Social Media PresenceNeha Kumar
1) The document outlines a research design to study the impact and effectiveness of Zandu Ayurveda's social media presence.
2) The objectives are to understand user reactions to Zandu's current social media approach and determine if it has achieved its goals of increasing sales, purchases, and brand understanding.
3) The research will involve exploratory interviews, descriptive surveys, and ethnographic research of 225 users in Mumbai aged 20+ to evaluate Zandu's social media language, posts, and activities.
DAM assignment - LPP formulation, Graphical solution and Simplex MethodNeha Kumar
The document describes a linear programming problem faced by a consumer products company. The company produces two sanitary napkin products, Product A and Product B, and must decide how many of each to produce to maximize profit. The objective is to maximize total profit subject to constraints on minimum production requirements, machine hours, and packaging hours. Solving the linear programming formulation reveals the optimal solution is to produce 300,000 units of Product A and 214,285 units of Product B for a maximum profit of $5,297,143.
EVA is a measure of economic profit calculated as net operating profit after tax minus the cost of financing the firm's capital. To derive NOPAT, sales minus variable costs equals contribution, minus fixed costs equals EBITDA, minus depreciation/amortization and tax equals NOPAT. EVA is used to measure a firm's economic value created over the required return of investors, and is determined to pay incentives and bonuses. Key benefits of EVA include measuring value creation, managing decisions to link to value creation, and motivating managers with incentive plans tied to shareholder value. Adjustments help translate financial statements to an economic framework for EVA calculation.
Implementation of radical changes in IT - HPNeha Kumar
Randall Mott was hired as CIO of HP to implement radical changes to the company's IT infrastructure. He planned to consolidate 85 data centers into 6 facilities, create a single enterprise data warehouse instead of 784 isolated systems, and trim 1200 projects down to 500. Mott faced challenges transitioning HP's large existing IT team and infrastructure to his new vision. His initiatives included layoffs but aimed to make IT more efficient and aligned with business goals. By centralizing systems and data, Mott helped HP executives make more informed decisions and reduced annual IT spending from 4% to 2% of revenue.
This document summarizes a presentation on conflict management. It defines conflict, discusses sources of conflict in the workplace, and models for understanding conflict such as interpersonal, intra-group, and inter-group conflict. It also outlines strategies for managing conflict constructively, including collaboration, compromise, and avoiding escalation. The document analyzes an episode of The Office television show that depicts multiple workplace conflicts and an attempted but unsuccessful conflict resolution by the character Michael Scott.
This document discusses conflict and conflict management in teams. It defines conflict as a state of disharmony or opposition between incompatible ideas, interests, or people. As organizations continue to restructure work teams, conflicts will arise from differences between individuals. Conflicts in the workplace can include unfair treatment, discrimination, harassment, and unclear directives. The document outlines types of organizational conflicts such as interpersonal, intragroup, and interorganizational conflicts. It also discusses the impact of constructive versus destructive conflict and strategies for conflict prevention, resolution, and management skills. Effective conflict management is important for focusing on work, strengthening bonds, finding solutions, and motivating employees.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
“Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: a Path Forward”, 18 June 2024
The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPTFreelance
Business analysis - Prescriptive analytics Introduction to Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive Modeling
Non Linear Optimization
Demonstrating Business Performance Improvement
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
During the budget session of 2024-25, the finance minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, introduced the “solar Rooftop scheme,” also known as “PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.” It is a subsidy offered to those who wish to put up solar panels in their homes using domestic power systems. Additionally, adopting photovoltaic technology at home allows you to lower your monthly electricity expenses. Today in this blog we will talk all about what is the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. How does it work? Who is eligible for this yojana and all the other things related to this scheme?
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
Efficient PHP Development Solutions for Dynamic Web ApplicationsHarwinder Singh
Unlock the full potential of your web projects with our expert PHP development solutions. From robust backend systems to dynamic front-end interfaces, we deliver scalable, secure, and high-performance applications tailored to your needs. Trust our skilled team to transform your ideas into reality with custom PHP programming, ensuring seamless functionality and a superior user experience.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
2. Contents
Indian Civil Aviation Industry
Introduction
Pricing Strategies
Advertisement and Branding
International and Domestic
Market
Impact of Govt. policies
2
3. Indian Civil Aviation Industry
3
Statistics:
India is the ninth largest civil aviation market
in the world with a market worth of US
$12bn
There are 4,200 airports deploying 27,000
aircraft
87 foreign airlines fly to and from India and 5
Indian carriers fly to and fro from 40
countries
Handles about 2.5 Bn passengers across the
world in a year
Moves 45 Mn tons of cargo a year
Source: ICA Institute
4. Current Scenario
Current Scenario:
Indian aviation witnessed growth, both in
domestic as well as international passenger traffic 18%
Operational losses despite growth in passenger
traffic
Debt trapped industry - combined debt of Indian
airlines companies was around USD 15 Billion as
of March 2012
Negative sentiment observed from international
Financial Institutions
The total loss for all the airlines FY12 was
approximately USD 2.5 billion according to the
Ministry of Civil Aviation.
The only carrier that remained a profit-making
operation was low-cost IndiGo, which also hit the
headlines by announcing an order for 180 aircraft
from Airbus Industries worth as much as $15.6
billion.
They also reported the fullest aircraft in Jul-2012
4
5. Cost Environment
India’s carriers today face a deteriorating cost environment on
a number of fronts.
These include:
Fuel prices: a high, and more importantly
sustained high, oil price environment. On average
around the world, fuel accounts for about 34% of
an airline’s cost structure. In India, because of high
taxes, it accounts for 45%.
Impact : Domestic airfares are set to rise further by
Rs 500 due to the recent 7.6 per cent rise in the
price of Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF).
5
6. 6
Weak currency: further depreciation of the
Rupee, which has already fallen more than 20% in
the last 12 months, thereby pushing up the price
of dollar‐ denominated costs such as fuel, aircraft
leases, maintenance and offshore interest
obligations
Airport charges: the regulator has already
approved a 334% increase in charges at Delhi
Airport and 500% at Mumbai. These additional
levies likely to inc airfares by 15‐20%.
Service tax: the service tax on economy class
airfares will change from a fixed amount to an ad
valorem percentage.
8. Pricing
8
What are the important factors influencing pricing decisions ?
Bodies Governing
The Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation
The Indian Airlines Corporation
The National Airports Authority
The International Airports Authority of India
The Air India Corporation
These are the bodies directly or indirectly influencing the process of making the pricing
decisions.
9. Pricing Strategies
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
•
•
Demand Based Pricing (Price Discrimination)
Season Based Pricing (Monopolistic Competition)
Competition based pricing (Oligopoly)
Value based Pricing
Discounting
Odd pricing
Penetration Pricing
9
10. Pricing Strategies
1. Demand Based Pricing
The pricing of air fares under this strategy is normally based on the demand
from the customers.
For example:
The person sitting next to u might not have paid the same price for the
ticket. If a person wanting to travel in Business class does not get the ticket
for the same when tried to book at the last minute, will travel in Economy
class paying more than what the other travelers must’ve paid.
The Pricing is never fixed and it is always Discriminated.
10
11. Pricing Strategies
11
Price Discrimination
What do we mean by Price Discrimination ?
For simplicity we have assumed no fixed costs and constant variable cost so that
MC = ATC.
a. Without price discrimination
Price
b. With discrimination
Price
Profit = $3200
Profit = $2400
MC = ATC
Quantity
MC = ATC
Quantity
12. Pricing Strategies
2. Season Based Pricing
The pricing of airline industry largely depends on seasons.
Characteristics for Monopolistic Competition
Large no of sellers
Differentiated Product
Firms compete on price, quality and marketing
Quality is a significant product differentiating strategy (Marketing is must)
12
13. Pricing Strategies
13
Monopolistic Competition
Firms in monopolistic competition maximize economic profits by producing where MR = MC and by
charging the price for that quantity from the demand curve D . hence the firms earns positive economic
profits because P > ATC.
Short Run
Long Run
14. Pricing Strategies
14
Competition based Pricing
This strategy focuses on the prices charged by other airlines.
For Example
Spice jet on completion of three years on May 23rd 2008 offered 3 lakh tickets just for Rs.
3 starting from July 1st to 21st September 2008 across its 18 destinations in India.
This type of pricing strategy can be broadly discussed with the help of Kind Curved
Model in Oligopoly
15. Pricing Strategies
15
Oligopoly
Features:
Small number of sellers
Products may be similar or different
Significant barriers to entry
Interdependence among competitors
(Decisions made by one firm affect the demand, price and profit of others in the
industry)
Kink Demand Curve Model
16. Pricing Strategies
16
Value Based Pricing
This strategy can be applied when the most important determinant of value to a
customer is money.
Various Methods:
Discounts:
The service provider or marketer may offer discounts or price cuts to communicate
to the price-sensitive buyers/ customers’ that they are receiving value for which
their money is spent.
For example: Spice jet has a special group discounting scheme wherein groups of
over 15 guests may be provided with consideration for special fares.
17. Pricing Strategies
17
Odd Pricing
This is another strategy wherein the service providers offer prices at an amount
which seems comparatively lower than the normal rates.
So in case on Spicejet. Instead of offering a ticket from Mumbai to Goa at Rs. 2400
they would offer at Rs. 2299. So, on looking at the figure the price difference seems
to be more which in fact is just hundred and eleven rupees.
Penetration pricing:
This is a strategy in which new services are introduced at low prices to stimulate trial
and widespread use. This strategy is appropriate when the sale of tickets is pricesensitive.
Example: Jet Airways announced a new offer `Everyone can fly’
19. 19
The primary purpose in advertising is not simply to alter the demand
curve, but to shift it upward and to the right.
20. 20
For an airline in a competitive market, an increase in its demand may also accrue from a shift
of passengers away from its competitors.
Some is institutional, stressing the reliability, dependability, comfort, and convenience of air
travel; some is almost purely competitive, stressing a sometimes nonexistent advantage, such
as an alleged superiority of one aircraft or service over that of competitors.
Airlines competing for traffic on the same routes are compelled to advertise simply to
maintain their share of the market.
Another intra-industry use of advertising may occur when airlines serve different places
through a common city.
If the market for air transportation is carefully considered, this inter-industry effect shows
great long-term promise for the airlines.
24. 24
The airlines often use other means to create psychological impact.
They use advertising to stimulate the potential traveler by depicting
glamorous vacations and exciting adventures in distant places, and
they emphasize that these places are only a few hours away by air.
This is to gain more business from other transportations.
The effects of advertising manifest themselves in both the short
and the long run. In terms of intra-industry competition, an airline
can at best only hope to use advertising as a means of increasing
market share in the short run.
28. 28
Probably the most important effects of advertising to the airlines
are its long-run influence on inter-industry market shares.
Continued advertising has a cumulative response. It produces an
increased awareness of air transportation through constant
exposure, and may create an identification of a particular carrier or
carriers with a route, market, or region.
31. 31
Advertising must be successful in :
reaching the airline's target markets,
remind the customer of existing product features, routes served,
inform the customer about new or improved product features,
new routes being added and so on
33. Competition in International Market
Indian aviation witnessed growth internationally by
11.8%
However, nearly 1/3rd of 32 million international
passengers to/from India, travelled on international
carriers.
Reasons are – offering good onward connections via
hubs in US and Europe, as the same are underserved
by local airlines (CAPA report).
Debt trapped industry - combined debt of Indian
airlines companies was around USD 15 Billion as of
March 2012
Industry also faces negative sentiment observed from
international Financial Institutions due to
Government restrictions, taxes etc.
33
34. Competition in Domestic Market
In early 2000 there were just 3 major carriers in the Indian
Civil Aviation Industry – Indian Airlines, Jet Airways and
Air Sahara
The Airline industry too witnessed rapid growth which led
to the emergence of new players such as Air
Deccan, Indigo, Go Air, Paramount Airways, Spice Jet etc
This led to significant price reduction and increased
competition and increase in overall passenger traffic.
This increased and intense competition coupled with high
cost of operations, led to significant operating losses for a
significant majority of the airlines, which led to a spate of
consolidation in the Industry
– Air Sahara was acquired by Jet Airways and
subsequently renamed as Jet Lite
– Air Deccan was acquired by UB Group and merged
with Kingfisher Airlines
– Merger of Indian Airlines and Air India
34
35. Competition in Domestic Market
Operators such as Paramount have stopped
operations given the continued losses incurred
from operations
Kingfisher Airlines is also currently facing
significant debt pressures coupled with
operating losses
The only carrier that remained a profit-making
operation was low-cost IndiGo, which also hit
the headlines by announcing an order for 180
aircraft from Airbus Industries worth as much
as $15.6 billion.
They also reported the fullest aircraft in Jul-2012
35
38. Future of Indian Aviation
International markets:
– Increasing financial capability of the considerable middle class population
– Increase in levels of expendable income
– Positive demographics
– Rising ambitions of middle class
– Quick economic progress
– Lower levels of penetration
38
39. Future of Indian Aviation
39
Domestic markets:
- Indian domestic capacity growth of 7-8% in FY2012/13, traffic to grow 8-10%
- India’s airlines expected to post a combined loss of USD1.3-1.4 billion
- Jet Airways to prosper; major aircraft order expected
- Kingfisher Airlines revival dependent on foreign airline investment
- Serious cost challenges
- continued dithering over foreign ownership
- government leadership needed more than ever
-government policy to introduce FDI in domestic airlines.
40. 40
Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment in the Airline Industry
The Civil Aviation Ministry has been considering allowing up to 49% equity
investment by foreign carriers in domestic airlines
Key Benefits for the Indian Aviation Industry
– Provide the much required capital to the domestic aviation industry reeling under
the pressure of mounting losses and rising debt burden
– Help bring global expertise and best industry practices over the medium term
Key Benefits for the Consumer
– Increased competition as new players could enter the market and offer more
alternatives potentially reduce tariffs
– Improve customer service standards
Key Benefits for the Foreign Airlines
– Provide entry into one of the fastest growing aviation market globally
– An opportunity to establish India as their hub for connections between
US/Europe and South-East Asian countries
42. Overview of Indian Aviation Policy
1953 – Govt Nationalized the Airlines Via the Air Corporation Act, 1953
Indian Airlines & Air India.
1986 – Private Sector Players were granted permission to operate as Air Taxi
Operators
Air Sahara, Jet Airways, Damania Airways, East West
Airlines, Modiluft and NEPC Airways.
42
Birth of
43. Overview of Indian Aviation Policy
43
1994 – Govt of India revoked the Air Corporation Act.
1995 – Govt granted scheduled carrier status to six private air taxi operators. But only
four operated: Jet Airways, Air Sahara, Jagsons and Spicejet (previously operated as
Modiluft).
44. Current Aviation Policy
FDI in aviation allowed up to 49% but for companies other than airline
companies (invest).
FDI up to 74% allowed for scheduled and cargo airlines.
FDI 100% allowed via the automatic route for the green field airports.
Foreign Investment up to 74% is permissible.
Private Investors allowed to establish general airports and captive airstrips –
distance of 150kms
Tax Exemption - 10years
44
45. Union Budget 2012-2013 Impact On The Aviation Sector
ECB & Custom Duty – healthy impact on Aviation
Industry in India.
ATF – “Declared Goods”
Airlines allowed to import ATF – as “Actual Users”
ECB allowed for funding working capital
requirements up to US $ 1 billion – a year.
Custom duty from 14% to 8% - ATF
Custom duty on some items NIL
45
46. Conclusion
46
Indian aviation sector in low-growth phase but long-term prospects remain
positive
Domestic traffic in India has been flat in 2012 amid exceptional circumstances in the
market, with Kingfisher Airlines and Air India both severely curtailing capacity amid
strike action and financial woes.
CAPA estimates that domestic passenger traffic will grow by 8-10% in FY2012/13.
Much will depend upon the impact of oil prices and other input costs on airfares.
The short-term cost and regulatory environment remains very hostile.
While the Indian aviation sector is now in a low-growth phase, long-term fundamentals
remain positive. India is poised to emerge as the world’s third largest aviation market
before 2020 with airport traffic forecasted to reach 450 million passengers (360 million
domestic and 90 million international) along with 6.5 million tonnes of cargo by 2020.
The aviation sector is one of the major economic drivers for prosperity, development and employment in a country. The rapidly expanding aviation sector in India handles about 2.5 billion passengers across the world in a year; moves 45 million tones (MT) of cargo through 920 airlines, using 4,200 airports and deploys 27,000 aircraft. Today, 87 foreign airlines fly to and from India and five Indian carriers fly to and fro from 40 countries.
The Indian Aviation Industry has been going through a turbulent phase over the past several years facing multiple headwinds – high oil prices and limited pricing power contributed by industry wide over capacity and periods of subdued demand growth. Over the near term the challenges facing the airline operators are related to high debt burden and liquidity constraints - most operators need significant equity infusion to effect a meaningfulimprovement in balance sheet.Jul-2012 load factors data shows that in addition to transporting the largest number of passengers in the month, IndiGo, as usual, reported the strongest load factor at 75.5%, although this was down significantly from 86.5% in Jun-2012, reflecting seasonal trends as the peak summer season ends and the domestic market enters its lean season. No airline reported month-on-month load factor gains in Jul-2012, while IndiGo and Air India were the only two airlines which reported marginal increases in load factors in Jun-2012. The sharpest decline, as expected, was seen at Kingfisher, reporting load factors of only 53% despite operating a quarter of the number of aircraft it did a year earlier.
From Brent (which decides jet fuel prices) at USD 126 a barrel in May this year, the price of crude had fallen to USD 90 in July 2012. During this period, ATF prices declined by 7.5 per cent. From July till date, Brent price has gone from USD 90 to USD 112, and oil public-sector undertakings have hiked prices by 16 per cent.
Increased airport charges are expected to be introduced at other airports also.
Jul-2012 load factors data shows that in addition to transporting the largest number of passengers in the month, IndiGo, as usual, reported the strongest load factor at 75.5%, although this was down significantly from 86.5% in Jun-2012, reflecting seasonal trends as the peak summer season ends and the domestic market enters its lean season. No airline reported month-on-month load factor gains in Jul-2012, while IndiGo and Air India were the only two airlines which reported marginal increases in load factors in Jun-2012. The sharpest decline, as expected, was seen at Kingfisher, reporting load factors of only 53% despite operating a quarter of the number of aircraft it did a year earlier.
High Cost of operations: high price of fuels, airport charges, taxes. Also to carefully review their management models.
High Cost of operations: high price of fuels, airport charges, taxes. Also to carefully review their management models.
Typically, a company that achieves economies of scale lowers the average cost per unit through increased production since fixed costs are shared over an increased number of goods.Airline business run very deep fixed costs - fleet of aircraft whether to own or lease & how many - fuel costs are a very high fixed cost. - fuel consumption is also a very high fixed cost. - very high labor cost.
As per the ICRA report, the future of the Indian aviation industry looks promising thanks to factors such as a substantial potential for growth owing to the following factors:Increasing financial capability of the considerable middle class populationIncrease in levels of expendable incomePositive demographicsRising ambitions of middle classQuick economic progressLower levels of penetration
As per the ICRA report, the future of the Indian aviation industry looks promising thanks to factors such as a substantial potential for growth owing to the following factors:Increasing financial capability of the considerable middle class populationIncrease in levels of expendable incomePositive demographicsRising ambitions of middle classQuick economic progressLower levels of penetration