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Frankfinn Aviation Assignment 2015

The document is an extensive assignment on aviation operational training, covering topics such as the current scenario of the Indian aviation industry, duties of cabin crew, emergency situations on board, and comparisons between aircraft models. It emphasizes the growth potential of the aviation sector in India, the recruitment trends amid challenges, and detailed procedures for handling medical and technical emergencies. Acknowledgements are made to various contributors, highlighting the importance of guidance and support in the completion of this project.

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Submitted To, Ms. Jyothi Thomas F.I.A.T TRIVANDRUM Aviation Industry $ Operational Training
Alwin Kurian Abraham Batch : O 1 F.D.A.H.T.M F.I.A.T TRIVANDRUM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the very outset , am very much grateful to the God almighty for his blessings showered upon me to complete my assignment “AVIATION $ OPERATION TRAINING”. I also thank my mom for enough support . Any attempt at any level cannot be completed without the support and guidance of learned people. I express my sincere gratitude to Ms.JYOTHI THOMAS , giving me this opportunity to present my assignment.
CONTENTS…. TASK 1 CURRENT SCENARIO OF INDIAN AVIATION MEDICAL EMERGENCY TECHNICAL EMERGENCY TASK 2 DUTIES $ RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CABIN CREW TASK 3 SPECIAL HANDLING PASSENGERS TASK 4 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTS TASK 5 CABIN CREW ROUTINE FOR AN INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT TASK 6 DESCRIBE $ COMPARE BOEING 747 AND AIRBUS A380 CASE STUDY OF AN ACTUAL MISHAP OF AN AIR CRASH
Foreword….. Indian Aviation • Sir Mr. Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata , French-born Indian Aviator and business tycoon , is known as father of Indian Civil Aviation • 8th march 1948 , AIR-INDIA international was started . • 15th June 1953 , two corporations , Air India international limited and Indian airlines corporations came into existence. • From 1st August 1953 , a bill was amended , and passed in LokSabha (AIR ACT 1953). • The origin of Indian Civil Aviation industry can be traced back to 1912; First flight was between Karachi and Delhi ,by the state air , Air India state service with the UK based imperial Airways
Foreword….. Indian Aviation • In 1932 , Jehangir Tata founded Tata airline, the first Indian Airline later ,known to be as AIR INDIA. • By 1995 , several private airlines had ventured in to the aviation business and accounted for more than 10% of the domestic air traffic. • India’s civil aviation market is set to become the world’s third largest by 2020
Task 1 Current scenario of Indian Aviation Industry
Current scenario of Indian Aviation Industry “ India is light year ahead in terms of the market potential and for the company (Boeing) to come together as an enterprise and grow ” - QR Thomas president of Boeing India . •Recruitment in aviation sector on the rises. •Civil Aviation Minister sets strict rules for Air India. •Civil Aviation Ministry wants younger cabin crew for Air India.
Recruitment in aviation sector on the rise. Frankfinn expects a tremendous increase in joining new students. . “Recruitment by foreign carriers shows the immense potential for our human resources, especially in the hospitality sector.” According to him, choosing the right crew and training them are key for airlines because “in an industry where all airlines offer the same set of fares, the service quality can be the only differentiating factor”. Growth in air traffic in India has slowed down considerably over the past few years. Airlines flew 6.02 million passengers in May, up 8% from a year earlier, show data from industry regulator Directorate General of Civil Aviation. Traffic during the January-May period grew a mere 3%. But airlines have been adding flights, anticipating a pickup in demand. Frankfinn expects a 15-16% increase in the students joining and hiring 25-30 candidates to Emirates every month , with more connectivity. - Since 1878 Mumbai: Recruitment in the aviation sector is on the rise, despite weak air travel demand and mounting losses at airlines. Entry of new carriers, addition of more routes by global players, mushrooming of new airports and modernisation of old ones have opened up employment opportunities in the industry. “The recruitment trend that we see in the Indian airline market is due to individual business plans of some airlines, primarily IndiGo which is adding more capacity than its rivals,” said Peeyush Naidu, director at consultancy firm Deloitte India
Civil Aviation Minister sets strict rules for Air India Civil Aviation Minister A. Gajapathi Raju has cracked the whip on national carrier Air India by putting in place a strict set of rules for monitoring the management of the loss making airline. According to sources, Raju has issued a detailed set of instructions to Air India seeking details of route-wise profits of the airline. He has instructed the national carrier to make improvements on 20-odd parameters relating to streamlining operations, discipline in the work force, adequate use of mammoth manpower and ways being adopted to make a turnaround.
Civil Aviation Ministry wants younger cabin crew for Air India Newdelhi 14th August 2014 The Civil Aviation Ministry has issued a series of instructions to Air India, including redeployment of its "surplus" staff, to tighten its belts to face heightened competition, particularly from the proposed Tata-SIA backed Vistara airline. In order to turn it into a 'lean and mean' airline to face growing competition from domestic and global carriers, the Ministry wants the national carrier to reduce flight delays, official sources said, adding that the airline should submit monthly reports of all delayed flights with reasons to the office of Civil Aviation Minister Ashok Gajapathi Raju. The national carrier should also submit monthly reports on issues affecting its profitability, like fuel costs, loss- making routes and progress in the process of returning aged leased aircraft, they said. Asking the airline to firmly deal with indiscipline, the Ministry has also directed Air India to ensure that First and Business Class seats, which are major revenue earners for any airline, are sold out. These seats should be filled even at discounted fares a few hours prior to departure, if need be, the sources said, adding that many of these seats currently are given to VIPs who demand free upgrades from lower classes. On redeployment of staff, the sources said the employees assessed as excess could be shifted to aviation-related state -run organisations like the Airports Authority of India and the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security. The minister also wants the airline to lower the average age of its cabin crew "on par with the best competing airlines for ensuring quicker service and lesser delays". The average age should be around 35 years, the sources said, adding those older should be shifted to ground operations.As on June-end, Air India has a total staff strength of around 12,500 employees and the aircraft-to- employee ratio is 1:130 which, according to the ministry, is "comparable to some of the other airlines operating in the country".The staff strength excludes those personnel who have already been shifted to the two subsidiaries which have been hived off - the ground handling arm Air India Air Transport Services Limited and engineering wing Air India Engineering Services Limited. Industry sources said some of these moves, particularly those involving re-deployment of staff, could stir the hornet's nest among employees, many of whom were already in courts over a variety of issues including one that aged cabin crew should not be grounded.
Factors which affect the airline industry • Cost factor • Government policies • Economical changes • Competition in the sector
Low cost Airline • The airline which offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. • Term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than competitors , such as early us 1990’s. • It is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services. • India’s first low cost airline , Air-Deccan started at 25th August 2003
Domestic Airlines Fly smart (Go Air) : The Wadia group Airline ,Go Air started operations in November 2005; Among the top five airline companies in India and owns 9.5% market share in India . # Operates a fleet of Airbus A320 aircrafts. Jet Airways : It started as an taxi operator in April 1, 1992. It started commercial operations on may 5th 1993.it connects 21 international destinations and operates flight to and from 47 destinations in India. one of the top airline in India. Received the IATA operational safety audit registration . It owns more than 14,000 employees. # Operates a fleet of 101 aircrafts.
Domestic Airlines Spice Jet : India’s second largest low fare airline. It owns more than 20.4% of market share. It operates 330 flights daily to 41 Indian cities and 7 international destinations. # Operates a fleet of new generation 38Boeing 737-800/900 ER aircrafts. Indigo : Begun operations in 2006. It is India’s largest airline with total market share of 24.9% as on may 2012. It is the fastest growing low cost carrier in the world provide hassle- free travel experience. # Operates a fleet of 61 A 320 today. # Highest passenger traffic . # Fifth consecutive profitable year .
Indian economy with present situation • It is the fastest growing economy in the world. • Government is keen to support and encourage new industries into the economy. • Although the world economy is facing great depression , by that Indian economy is also be affected. • With a growth rate of 21%, the one of the fastest growing aviation industry in world. • India jumped to 9th position in world’s aviation from 12th in 2008 and by 2020 India will be in 3rd position. • By 2020 , 400 million Indian passengers are likely to be airborne. • By then Indian airports are expected to handle more than 100 million passengers to domestic and around 3.4 million tonnes of cargo per annum. • India has 449 airport and airport strips , of which 125 are owned by AAI . • AAI dominates but private sector participation is rising.
• Indian carriers have a fleet size of 310 aircrafts , but likely to have 480 aircrafts on order. • India ranks 4th in domestic passenger volume (116.3million)2 • Increase in investments. • Policy support , Government allowed 49% FDI in aviation for foreign carriers . • Government encouraging private sector participation. • Freight traffic grew at a rate of 6.6% during 2006-2013.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2013 2012 2011 2010 Passenger Traffic in India as of July 2014 In Million
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2013 2012 2011 2010 Aircraft Movement in India as of July 2014 In Million
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2013 2012 2011 2010 Freight Traffic Movement in India as of July 2014 In Million
Demerits… • Airport challenge • Fleet expansion • Favouring narrow bodies • Failure to launch • No-frills airports • Change of Governments
Medical Emergency Technical Emergencies on board..
In a medical emergency on flight justify how would you communicate on board asking for help? Announcement Ladies and Gentleman , if there is any doctor or nurse on board , request you to meet one of the cabin crew immediately.
Asthma It may occur as a result passm in the lungs , swollen bronchial tubes or excess mucous. The attack may result , • Inhalation of the lungs by foreign pollutants • Emotional distress Signs $ symptoms • Shortness of breath • Coughing with sputum Treatment • In most cases , the passenger suffering earlier attacks of asthma ,they probably have inhaler. Inhaler is placed in the mouth , 1-3 puffs are to be delivered. • If passenger doesn’t have any breathing problem investigate the possibility of allergic reaction • Re-assure passenger , administer oxygen if needed.
Strock Strock is also called cereberal vascular accident ,it is a vascular disease which affect the the arteries or veins that bring oxygen and nutrient to the brain. Causes • A blood clot in a blood vessel in the brain • Haemorrhage of a blood vessel in the brain Signs $ Symptoms • Unequal pupils • Strong but slow pulse Treatment • Slightly elevate the head ,if breathing with difficulty turn him aside and droole out the secreations from mouth. • Administer oxygen and conserve body heat. • Be prepared for seizures.
Medical emergency ….Strock
Medical Emergency…..Asthma
Two Technical Emergencies on Board 1 , Hijacking • The present world environment –both political & personal has given rise to the new menace facing airlines –HIJACKING . Here one or more individuals take over the command of a flight & all on board as prisoners and use that as a tool for negotiating or pressurizing governments to bow their demands. • Cabin crew be vigilant at all times & be on the lookout for any suspicious persons. They should always inform the commander or a senior in case of any untoward occurrence immediately, so that the cockpit can be secured from inside, thus preventing any unauthorized persons from entering. • The main responsibility of the cabin crew lie towards the passengers & their safety. So thy must act as mediators between hijackers & passengers if the need arises. Read the body language of the hijackers so that one can ascertain their character on the basis of which interaction will be made easier. • All airlines have the policy of bringing the hijacked aircraft back to the ground , as it is always safer to negotiate there.
Two Technical Emergencies on Board 2 , Bomb Scare A bomb threat is generally defined as a threat, usually verbal or written to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage , death, or injuries, whether or not such a device actually exists. But NO threat is ever taken lightly & all safety procedures are followed. Most explosive devices targeted at airliners are usually fitted with altitude of time fuses. Any suspicious & unclaimed article is transferred to a ‘safe’ location on board –usually the first door AFTER the wing on the right-hand side. The passengers are also relocated to other sections. If the aircraft is on ground, then the bomb squad is called in , but If the plane is in flight , then the commander is immediately in formed & he brings the aircraft to land at the nearest airport. The suspicious article is covered with blankets ,pillows plastic to minimize any explosion damage. In case there is an explosion in-flight , then the first outcome is de- pressurisation & the pilot acts accordingly . After landing , evacuation is executed.
Technical Emergencies… Hijacking
Technical Emergencies… Bomb Scare
Task 2 Duties of a cabin crew
Who is a cabin crew ? An employee of an airline who is primarily responsible for the safety and comfort of passengers during their flight is called a cabin crew or a Airhostess / Flight Attendant / Flight Purser / Flight Steward .
• The main responsibility of a cabin crew is the safety of the passengers. • The second the comfort of the passengers.
Boarding Passengers
•Distribution of reading materials such as newspaper and airline magazines
• Making announcements on behalf of the pilot and answering passenger questions during the flight; • Serving meals and refreshments to passengers; • Selling duty-free goods and advising passengers of any allowance restrictions in force at their destination; • Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures correctly in emergency situations; • Giving first aid to passengers where necessary; • Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of a flight and checking that there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers; • Completing paperwork, including writing a flight report.
Task 3 Special Handling Passengers
Mother with Infant (MWI) • They are usually seated on the carrycot seats. The carrycot/bassinet should be placed soon after take-off & removed when the aircraft starts its descent to the destination. • The infant should be on the mothers lap during take-off and landing. They should also be advised to feed the infant at this time & put cotton in the infants ear to prevent pressure distress. • Extra amenities like napkins , disposable diapers , feeding bottles(when required) , baby food should be offered. • Just before the meal services commences , the mother should be asked when she would like her meal. More often than not, they eat later when the cabin crew can look after the infant whilst they eat. In such cases their choice of meal should be keep seperate.
Task 4 Emergency Equipments…
Emergency Equipments… Name of the Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Life Vest Two chambers ,upper and lower, inflammation tag , a whistle, an oxygen bottle to inflame the vest Check whether life vest is present or not under Pax seat It is used mainly for evacuation on water such as ditiching. Oxygen mask Mask with chord, oxygen bottle with pressure guage to check the amount of oxygen to be released off. Check whether the bottle is filled in During the medical emergency, loss of cabin pressure and fire fighting Mega phone Push to top button , speaker , sling ,handle Secured with strands, push to top button to ensure the battery full Control the crowd and make directions to the pax during an emergency.
Emergency Equipments… Name of the Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Fire Axe/Crash Axe Handle, Hook end, Blade Check if it is in the location (usually inside the cockpit) secured with straps. Used in case of fire or during survival in case of crash. Hold the handle and the hook end to make a hold and the blade to cut. Smoke Hood Smoke Hood Check if it is in the location. Used in case of heavy smoke in the cabin. Asbestos Gloves Asbestos Gloves Check if it is in the location, usually inside the cockpit. Used in case of fire in the cabin. It protects the hand from extreme heat.
Emergency Equipments… Name of the Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Fire Extinguisher Red bottle, Strap to secure, Pressure gauge, Safety pin, Handle ,Trigger, Nozzle In correct location secured with straps. Needle on the pressure gauge should be between 1500-2000 PSI. Safety pin intact. Check the expiry date. Remove from location. Point the nozzle at the bare of the fire. Remove the safety pin. Squeeze the trigger for the content to release. Fight the fire in sweepy motion from a safe distance which is 8-10 ft. Call for backup. Monitor for re-ignition. Inform flight deck crew.
Emergency Equipments… Name of the Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment ELT Antenna, Lanyard, Plastic cover, Battery In correct location secured with straps •Send signals to SAR team. •DITCHING •Remove from the location and take it with you before exiting the aircraft. •Erect the antenna. •Untie the lanyard & tie it to the raft. •Throw the beacon into the water.
Emergency Equipments… Name of the Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Oxygen Mask First oxygen bottle with sling attached to it, Pressure gauge, Mask with a code attached to it, Rotating knob to release oxygen. In correct location secured with straps. Needle on the pressure gauge should be in the green zone & not the red zone. Mask should be available. Remove from location & sling it on your shoulder. Attach the oxygen mask to the cylinder. Release the oxygen by rotating the knob clockwise. Check the oxygen flow by pinching the base of the mask to inflate or check the red indicator moving on the cord. After confirming the oxygen flow put the mask on the casualty. Never leave the casualty unattended and always be ready with the backup bottle.
Dummy Equipment which I made is : Life Vest
Task 5 Cabin crew routine for an international flight fro sign in time until signout
Flight Details… • Airline - Air Arabia • Sector: Trivandrum • Flight Time From (Trivandrum) - 18:30 pm • Actual time of Arrival (Dubai) - 23:40 pm • Work position - Cabin Crew : R3 • Passport , Airport identity card , Airline id card , Flight Safety Certificate. • Handbag containing toiletries , extra one pair of uniform.
Reporting for duty : I come to airport 1 hour prior to my flight. After reaching airport , I reported to moment control and checked departure board.
Briefing…. • In the briefing room, my senior cabin crew will inspect me and ask mine some questions regarding the emergencies on board . After all , chief checked mine • Grooming , • Documents , • Knowledge on First Aid • And finally she handed me over the checklists.
Embarkation…. • Baggage check in • ID checking • Boarding • Security checking • After the clearance, I directly go to the aircraft 45 minutes prior to take off and entered my zone. I keep my luggage in the coat compartment. • I do the pre-flight check in my zone . • First I make sure all the emergency equipments in my zone are in working condition and also if its available for every passenger.
Embarkation…. • I see that the cabin and lavatory is kept clean and tidy. • After the checking ,I groomed once again. Then I go to my zone door to welcome the passengers. • I meet, greet and find seat to the passengers. and proceed with the passenger service.
Service On Board…… Before Take Off : • I start with my service by giving newspapers, headphones, and drinks to the passengers. • Mean while, our senior cabin crew will make welcome announcement and safety demonstration which is done by me. • Then I done a final check and make sure whether all were wore seat belts or not. • Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew to change the door mode to automatic ,cross check and report. • I’m R1 , so I’m responsible for reporting it to the chief, so after cross checking, I gave report .
Service On Board …….After Take Off: • After that I go with blankets/pillows to the passengers . • Then I proceeded with the beverage and meal service. First beverages are given, then meal service is done. I serve the meal according to the passenger’s choice. After that Tea/Coffee is served . • All trays and cups are collected back after the service. • Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures correctly in emergency situations; • I will also check on the lavatory in every 30 minutes so as to make sure there is ‘nt any fire occurring inside the lavatory.
Before Landing :  Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew that to stop the services and I started to collect all the remaining trays, glasses/cups, and other items from the passengers and then ensure that all the tray tables are closed , the luggage's are kept in the overhead bin/under the passenger seats are secured and checked whether the passengers were using seats belts .  Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew that cabin crew to remain seated and I go to my cabin crew seat.
After Landing : • After safe landing , an announcement made by chief that to change the door automatic mode to manual, cross check and report. So after dis-arming the door and cross-checking , I reported to the chief. • I helped the passengers by taking away the luggages from the over head bins. • Then I moved towards the door , greet them and thank them. • Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of a flight and checking that there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers; • Completing paperwork, including writing a flight report.
Disembarkation : • After the baggage checking and security checking , • I moved to crew rest area.
Task 6 Describe and Compare Boeing 747 $ Airbus A380….
Boeing 747
Airbus A380
Boeing 747 Airbus A380 • Length 73.00m • Wingspan 79.80m • Wings area 845.00 m2 • Height 24.10m • Engines 4 • Thrust per engine 311 kN • Total thrust 1,244kN • MTOW 548,000 kgs • Range 15,000km • Cruise speed M0.85 • Capacity 525 Pax  Length 70.70m  Wingspan 64.44m  Wings area 541.20m2  Height 19.41m  Engines 4  Thrust per engine 282kN  Total thrust 1,128kN  MTOW 396,900kgs  Range 13,400km  Cruise speed M0.85  Capacity 416Pax
Cabin layout of Boeing 747
Cabin layout of Airbus A380
Over view of Boeing 747 • Role - Wide-body jet airliner • National origin - United States • Manufacturer - Boeing Commercial Airplanes • First flight • 747-8F- February 8, 2010 • 747-8I- March 20, 2011 • Primary users - Cathay Pacific Cargo Atlas Air Cargolux Airlines Lufthansa • Status- In service
Over view of Airbus A380 • Role- Wide-body , double-deck jet airliner • National origin- Multi-national • Manufacturer- Airbus • First flight- 27 April 2005 • Introduction- 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines • Status- In service • Primary users- Emirates Singapore Airlines Qantas Lufthansa • Produced- 2004–present • Number built- 138 as of 31 July 2014[ • Unit cost US$414.4 million approx. €300 million (2014)
ANALYSING : Capacity • Boeing 747-8: 467 passengers, in a three-class configuration • Airbus A380: 525 passengers, in a three-class configuration • The Airbus is the clear winner in this round, and inspired a rather curt reaction from Boeing deputy program manager Elizabeth Lund to Bloomberg , "With an A380, you run the risk of not filling every seat whenever you fly."
ANALYSING : Length • Boeing 747-8: 76 meters • Airbus A380: 72.72 meters • The Boeing is 3.28 meters longer than the Airbus, officially making it the longest commercial plane in the world right now. • Oh, that's good. Who cares how many passengers you can carry -- anything that can be called "the world's longest" is a winner. Boeing slugs back.
ANALYSING : Internal Cabin Width • Boeing 747-8: 6.1 meters • Airbus A380: 6.54 meters • The Intercontinental has the same cabin width as its predecessor (the Boeing 747-400), but claims to be able to carry 51 more passengers due to its extra length of 18.3 feet. • However, Airbus execs have pointed out that the 747-8 has yet to pass evacuation tests. • "I am going to be taking that aircraft one day," Airbus chief operating officer John Leahy told Dow Jones. "I want to be sure that you can get out of it in an emergency." • To this, Boeing spokesman Jim Proulx responded that the plane will meet all certification standards for emergency evacuation.
ANALYSING : Price • Boeing 747-8: US$317.5 million • Airbus A380: US$375.3 million • The Airbus A380-800 sells for nearly US$58 million more than the new Boeing as of January this year, depending on customization and engine. • That's not exactly small change. It means for every five A380s you buy you could get six 747-8s.
ANALYSING : Cruising Speed • Boeing 747-8: Typical cruise speed at Mach 0.855, top cruise speed: Mach 0.86 (or 86 percent the speed of sound). • Airbus A380: Typical cruise speed at Mach 0.85 (from BBC), top cruise speed at Mach 0.88 (from Airliners.net) • In terms of typical speed Boeing 747-8 wins, but this is a serious slug- fest, and there's no time for cruising. We're giving this one to Airbus.
ANALYSING : Range • Boeing 747-8: 8,000 nautical miles • Airbus A380: 8,300 nautical miles • Both planes will be able to cover long haul, trans-continental flights such as those between New York and Hong Kong, Los Angeles to Mumbai, and London to Singapore.
ANALYSING : Wing Span • Boeing 747-8: 68.5 meters • Airbus A380: 79.75 meters • Airbus chews up the Boeing a few times over when it comes to wingspan. But both are doing clever things. • The Boeing's new wing design claims to heighten performance while lowering noise levels. Its fly-by-wire spoilers and outboard ailerons, pioneered by the 787 Dream liner, can allegedly save weight. • The Airbus A380 also has a new wing design (at the time of its launch, anyway) that employs aluminum alloys for the wing and fuselage, and composite materials for the center wing box, which reduces the overall weight of the aircraft.
ANALYSING : Fuel Efficiency • Boeing 747-8: 2.8 liters per seat per 100 kilometers • Airbus A380: 2.9 liters per passenger per 100 kilometers (from Nat Geo) • Both sides regurgitated some rather fuzzy PR when it came to fuel efficiency, preferring to simply say "the competition is worse" and compiling estimates based on different underlying assumptions, especially the average flight length and the number of passengers on board, as this Nat Geo article explains. • But while Boeing gave us a hard figure of 2.8 liters per seat per 100 kilometers, Airbus didn't respond, so we assigned them a figure of 2.9 liters per passenger per 100 kilometers, as stated in the Nat Geo article.
RESULT…. # Now that the Boeing 747-8 has received its FAA certification.. What does all this mean? ….. For the serious competition finds out there , Airbus comes out on top, five rounds to three. Rating A 380 : (4 out of 5) Rating Boeing 747 : (3 out of 5)
Case study of any actual mishap of an Aircrash . REPORT ON ACCIDENT TO AIR INDIA EXPRESS BOEING 737-800…… Aircraft VT-AXV on 22nd May 2010 at MANGLORE AIR PORT ……
Air Craft Overview • Date ` : 22 May 2010 • Summary : Runway overrun due to pilot error • Site : Beyond runway 24 at Mangalore International Airport • Passengers : 160 • Crew : 6 • Injuries (non-fatal) : 8 • Fatalities : 158 • Survivors : 8 • Aircraft type :Boeing 737-8HG(SPF) • Operator : Air India Express RegistrationVT-AXV • Flight origin : Dubai International Airport , United Arab Emirates • Destination : Mangalore Airport, India
After getting the parts , they remake the whole aircraft….
Air India Express Flight 812 was a scheduled passenger service from Dubai to Mangalore, which, at around 01:00 UTC on 22 May 2010,overshot the runway on landing, fell over a cliff, and caught fire, spreading wreckage across the surrounding hillside. Of the 160 passengers and six crew members on board, only eight passengers survived. Overview…..
The accident involved a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, one of Boeing's 737 Next Generation series, with aircraft registration VT–AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481.The aircraft first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered on 18 January 2008.Commanded by Captain Zlatko Glušica , the remaining crew consisted of first officer H. S. Ahluwalia and four flight attendants. Glušica (a former employee of Jet Airways of Serbia), aged 55, a British and Serbian national with over 10,000 hours of flying and over 7,500 hours of command experience, and Ahluwalia (a former employee of Jet Airways who joined Air India Express in April 2009) were both killed in the incident. Both pilots were based in Mangalore. Aircraft and crew…..
The flight departed Dubai International Airport at 01:06 GST (21:06 UTC). It crashed upon landing at Mangalore International Airport at 06:05 IST (00:35 UTC).Situated in a hilly area, the airport is one of seven Indian airports designated as a "critical airfield" by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). DGCA rules at critical airfields prohibit "supervised take offs and landings", so that only the captain (not the first officer) may pilot an aircraft during take-off and landing .The airport is one of three airports in India having table top runways (the others being Kozhikode and Lengpui ) that require heightened awareness and a very precise landing approach . Flight …..
Crash…… After touching down on the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24, the plane overran and crashed down the hill at its far end. The final conversations between Air traffic control (ATC) and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of distress .The then Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel said that the aircraft was following an Instrument landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer, runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given at 2,000 feet (610 m) from touchdown. The Aeroplane concluded its ILS approach on runway 24, touching down 5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving 2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop.[ It overran the runway and ploughed through a 90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed which did not stop it. As the aircraft passed the arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS localiser antenna ; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m) beyond the end of the runway and down the steep hillside coming to a stop 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 m) metres past the top of the slope
Crash…… "The plane broke in two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village“ . Television footage from shortly after the crash showed the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said wind conditions were calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident.
Crash…… After touching down on the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24, the plane overran and crashed down the hill at its far end. The final conversations between Air traffic control (ATC) and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of distress .The then Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel said that the aircraft was following an Instrument landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer, runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given at 2,000 feet (610 m) from touchdown. The Aeroplane concluded its ILS approach on runway 24, touching down 5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving 2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop.[ It overran the runway and ploughed through a 90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed which did not stop it. As the aircraft passed the arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS localiser antenna ; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m) beyond the end of the runway and down the steep hillside coming to a stop 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 m) metres past the top of the slope."The plane broke in two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village“ . Television footage from shortly after the crash showed the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said wind conditions were calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident.
Investigation Report Initial investigations revealed that the plane landed at least 2,000 feet (610 m) beyond the usual touch down point on Mangalore's new 8,040- foot (2,450 m) runway 24. A team of airline officials, staff and officials from the Airports Authority of India and officers of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) were rushed to the scene to investigate the accident and assist with rescue efforts. Boeing also announced that a team would be sent to provide technical assistance following a request from Indian authorities. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation ordered an inquiry into the crash, which began the same day. The NTSB also assisted the investigation by sending a team of specialists including a senior air safety investigator, a flight operations specialist, an aircraft systems specialist and technical advisers for Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration.
Cause…. Captain Glušica was given clearance to land, however, he suddenly aborted the attempted landing. The aircraft's throttle handle was found in the forward position, suggesting that the pilot had attempted to abort the landing and take off again. The co-pilot Ahluwalia had warned his commander three times to go around instead of landing; the first of these warnings had come 2.5 miles before the runway threshold. The enquiry report submitted by the Civil Aviation Ministry claimed that Glušica slept for over 90 minutes during the flight. The Air India Express IX 812 Boeing 737-800 carrying 166 people from Dubai including the crew, crashed while negotiating a tricky landing at Mangalore city's "table-top" airport overlooking a ravine. The American National Transportation Safety Board says it was the first instance of snoring recorded on a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). Analysis of the accident revealed that had the pilot "deployed détente reverse thrust and applied maximum manual braking at touchdown", the aircraft could have been stopped within the paved overrun area of the runway. The captain had exacerbated the long landing by attempting a go-around following deployment of the thrust reversers.
Cockpit Voice Recorder/Flight Data Recorder…. Data recorders in damaged condition…
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Bibiliography…… • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Express_Flight_812 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747 • http://businesstoday.intoday.in/categorylist/12/1/aviation.html • http://www.firstpost.com/tag/air-india • http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indian-Airlines
Conclusion….
Conclusion……. In the few days of aviation class , I understood the basic outline of aircrafts ,service procedures, responsibilities of a cabin crew, different medical emergencies . I once again thank Ms. Jyothi Thomas for enough support and guidance.
Thanks………..

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Frankfinn Aviation Assignment 2015

  • 2.
    Submitted To, Ms. JyothiThomas F.I.A.T TRIVANDRUM Aviation Industry $ Operational Training
  • 3.
    Alwin Kurian Abraham Batch: O 1 F.D.A.H.T.M F.I.A.T TRIVANDRUM
  • 4.
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the veryoutset , am very much grateful to the God almighty for his blessings showered upon me to complete my assignment “AVIATION $ OPERATION TRAINING”. I also thank my mom for enough support . Any attempt at any level cannot be completed without the support and guidance of learned people. I express my sincere gratitude to Ms.JYOTHI THOMAS , giving me this opportunity to present my assignment.
  • 5.
    CONTENTS…. TASK 1 CURRENTSCENARIO OF INDIAN AVIATION MEDICAL EMERGENCY TECHNICAL EMERGENCY TASK 2 DUTIES $ RESPONSIBILITIES OF A CABIN CREW TASK 3 SPECIAL HANDLING PASSENGERS TASK 4 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENTS TASK 5 CABIN CREW ROUTINE FOR AN INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT TASK 6 DESCRIBE $ COMPARE BOEING 747 AND AIRBUS A380 CASE STUDY OF AN ACTUAL MISHAP OF AN AIR CRASH
  • 6.
    Foreword….. Indian Aviation • SirMr. Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata , French-born Indian Aviator and business tycoon , is known as father of Indian Civil Aviation • 8th march 1948 , AIR-INDIA international was started . • 15th June 1953 , two corporations , Air India international limited and Indian airlines corporations came into existence. • From 1st August 1953 , a bill was amended , and passed in LokSabha (AIR ACT 1953). • The origin of Indian Civil Aviation industry can be traced back to 1912; First flight was between Karachi and Delhi ,by the state air , Air India state service with the UK based imperial Airways
  • 7.
    Foreword….. Indian Aviation • In1932 , Jehangir Tata founded Tata airline, the first Indian Airline later ,known to be as AIR INDIA. • By 1995 , several private airlines had ventured in to the aviation business and accounted for more than 10% of the domestic air traffic. • India’s civil aviation market is set to become the world’s third largest by 2020
  • 8.
    Task 1 Current scenarioof Indian Aviation Industry
  • 9.
    Current scenario ofIndian Aviation Industry “ India is light year ahead in terms of the market potential and for the company (Boeing) to come together as an enterprise and grow ” - QR Thomas president of Boeing India . •Recruitment in aviation sector on the rises. •Civil Aviation Minister sets strict rules for Air India. •Civil Aviation Ministry wants younger cabin crew for Air India.
  • 10.
    Recruitment in aviationsector on the rise. Frankfinn expects a tremendous increase in joining new students. . “Recruitment by foreign carriers shows the immense potential for our human resources, especially in the hospitality sector.” According to him, choosing the right crew and training them are key for airlines because “in an industry where all airlines offer the same set of fares, the service quality can be the only differentiating factor”. Growth in air traffic in India has slowed down considerably over the past few years. Airlines flew 6.02 million passengers in May, up 8% from a year earlier, show data from industry regulator Directorate General of Civil Aviation. Traffic during the January-May period grew a mere 3%. But airlines have been adding flights, anticipating a pickup in demand. Frankfinn expects a 15-16% increase in the students joining and hiring 25-30 candidates to Emirates every month , with more connectivity. - Since 1878 Mumbai: Recruitment in the aviation sector is on the rise, despite weak air travel demand and mounting losses at airlines. Entry of new carriers, addition of more routes by global players, mushrooming of new airports and modernisation of old ones have opened up employment opportunities in the industry. “The recruitment trend that we see in the Indian airline market is due to individual business plans of some airlines, primarily IndiGo which is adding more capacity than its rivals,” said Peeyush Naidu, director at consultancy firm Deloitte India
  • 11.
    Civil Aviation Ministersets strict rules for Air India Civil Aviation Minister A. Gajapathi Raju has cracked the whip on national carrier Air India by putting in place a strict set of rules for monitoring the management of the loss making airline. According to sources, Raju has issued a detailed set of instructions to Air India seeking details of route-wise profits of the airline. He has instructed the national carrier to make improvements on 20-odd parameters relating to streamlining operations, discipline in the work force, adequate use of mammoth manpower and ways being adopted to make a turnaround.
  • 12.
    Civil Aviation Ministrywants younger cabin crew for Air India Newdelhi 14th August 2014 The Civil Aviation Ministry has issued a series of instructions to Air India, including redeployment of its "surplus" staff, to tighten its belts to face heightened competition, particularly from the proposed Tata-SIA backed Vistara airline. In order to turn it into a 'lean and mean' airline to face growing competition from domestic and global carriers, the Ministry wants the national carrier to reduce flight delays, official sources said, adding that the airline should submit monthly reports of all delayed flights with reasons to the office of Civil Aviation Minister Ashok Gajapathi Raju. The national carrier should also submit monthly reports on issues affecting its profitability, like fuel costs, loss- making routes and progress in the process of returning aged leased aircraft, they said. Asking the airline to firmly deal with indiscipline, the Ministry has also directed Air India to ensure that First and Business Class seats, which are major revenue earners for any airline, are sold out. These seats should be filled even at discounted fares a few hours prior to departure, if need be, the sources said, adding that many of these seats currently are given to VIPs who demand free upgrades from lower classes. On redeployment of staff, the sources said the employees assessed as excess could be shifted to aviation-related state -run organisations like the Airports Authority of India and the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security. The minister also wants the airline to lower the average age of its cabin crew "on par with the best competing airlines for ensuring quicker service and lesser delays". The average age should be around 35 years, the sources said, adding those older should be shifted to ground operations.As on June-end, Air India has a total staff strength of around 12,500 employees and the aircraft-to- employee ratio is 1:130 which, according to the ministry, is "comparable to some of the other airlines operating in the country".The staff strength excludes those personnel who have already been shifted to the two subsidiaries which have been hived off - the ground handling arm Air India Air Transport Services Limited and engineering wing Air India Engineering Services Limited. Industry sources said some of these moves, particularly those involving re-deployment of staff, could stir the hornet's nest among employees, many of whom were already in courts over a variety of issues including one that aged cabin crew should not be grounded.
  • 13.
    Factors which affectthe airline industry • Cost factor • Government policies • Economical changes • Competition in the sector
  • 14.
    Low cost Airline •The airline which offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. • Term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than competitors , such as early us 1990’s. • It is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services. • India’s first low cost airline , Air-Deccan started at 25th August 2003
  • 15.
    Domestic Airlines Fly smart(Go Air) : The Wadia group Airline ,Go Air started operations in November 2005; Among the top five airline companies in India and owns 9.5% market share in India . # Operates a fleet of Airbus A320 aircrafts. Jet Airways : It started as an taxi operator in April 1, 1992. It started commercial operations on may 5th 1993.it connects 21 international destinations and operates flight to and from 47 destinations in India. one of the top airline in India. Received the IATA operational safety audit registration . It owns more than 14,000 employees. # Operates a fleet of 101 aircrafts.
  • 16.
    Domestic Airlines Spice Jet: India’s second largest low fare airline. It owns more than 20.4% of market share. It operates 330 flights daily to 41 Indian cities and 7 international destinations. # Operates a fleet of new generation 38Boeing 737-800/900 ER aircrafts. Indigo : Begun operations in 2006. It is India’s largest airline with total market share of 24.9% as on may 2012. It is the fastest growing low cost carrier in the world provide hassle- free travel experience. # Operates a fleet of 61 A 320 today. # Highest passenger traffic . # Fifth consecutive profitable year .
  • 17.
    Indian economy withpresent situation • It is the fastest growing economy in the world. • Government is keen to support and encourage new industries into the economy. • Although the world economy is facing great depression , by that Indian economy is also be affected. • With a growth rate of 21%, the one of the fastest growing aviation industry in world. • India jumped to 9th position in world’s aviation from 12th in 2008 and by 2020 India will be in 3rd position. • By 2020 , 400 million Indian passengers are likely to be airborne. • By then Indian airports are expected to handle more than 100 million passengers to domestic and around 3.4 million tonnes of cargo per annum. • India has 449 airport and airport strips , of which 125 are owned by AAI . • AAI dominates but private sector participation is rising.
  • 18.
    • Indian carriershave a fleet size of 310 aircrafts , but likely to have 480 aircrafts on order. • India ranks 4th in domestic passenger volume (116.3million)2 • Increase in investments. • Policy support , Government allowed 49% FDI in aviation for foreign carriers . • Government encouraging private sector participation. • Freight traffic grew at a rate of 6.6% during 2006-2013.
  • 19.
    0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2013 2012 20112010 Passenger Traffic in India as of July 2014 In Million
  • 20.
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2013 2012 20112010 Aircraft Movement in India as of July 2014 In Million
  • 21.
    0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2013 2012 20112010 Freight Traffic Movement in India as of July 2014 In Million
  • 22.
    Demerits… • Airport challenge •Fleet expansion • Favouring narrow bodies • Failure to launch • No-frills airports • Change of Governments
  • 23.
  • 24.
    In a medicalemergency on flight justify how would you communicate on board asking for help? Announcement Ladies and Gentleman , if there is any doctor or nurse on board , request you to meet one of the cabin crew immediately.
  • 25.
    Asthma It may occuras a result passm in the lungs , swollen bronchial tubes or excess mucous. The attack may result , • Inhalation of the lungs by foreign pollutants • Emotional distress Signs $ symptoms • Shortness of breath • Coughing with sputum Treatment • In most cases , the passenger suffering earlier attacks of asthma ,they probably have inhaler. Inhaler is placed in the mouth , 1-3 puffs are to be delivered. • If passenger doesn’t have any breathing problem investigate the possibility of allergic reaction • Re-assure passenger , administer oxygen if needed.
  • 26.
    Strock Strock is alsocalled cereberal vascular accident ,it is a vascular disease which affect the the arteries or veins that bring oxygen and nutrient to the brain. Causes • A blood clot in a blood vessel in the brain • Haemorrhage of a blood vessel in the brain Signs $ Symptoms • Unequal pupils • Strong but slow pulse Treatment • Slightly elevate the head ,if breathing with difficulty turn him aside and droole out the secreations from mouth. • Administer oxygen and conserve body heat. • Be prepared for seizures.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
    Two Technical Emergencieson Board 1 , Hijacking • The present world environment –both political & personal has given rise to the new menace facing airlines –HIJACKING . Here one or more individuals take over the command of a flight & all on board as prisoners and use that as a tool for negotiating or pressurizing governments to bow their demands. • Cabin crew be vigilant at all times & be on the lookout for any suspicious persons. They should always inform the commander or a senior in case of any untoward occurrence immediately, so that the cockpit can be secured from inside, thus preventing any unauthorized persons from entering. • The main responsibility of the cabin crew lie towards the passengers & their safety. So thy must act as mediators between hijackers & passengers if the need arises. Read the body language of the hijackers so that one can ascertain their character on the basis of which interaction will be made easier. • All airlines have the policy of bringing the hijacked aircraft back to the ground , as it is always safer to negotiate there.
  • 30.
    Two Technical Emergencieson Board 2 , Bomb Scare A bomb threat is generally defined as a threat, usually verbal or written to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage , death, or injuries, whether or not such a device actually exists. But NO threat is ever taken lightly & all safety procedures are followed. Most explosive devices targeted at airliners are usually fitted with altitude of time fuses. Any suspicious & unclaimed article is transferred to a ‘safe’ location on board –usually the first door AFTER the wing on the right-hand side. The passengers are also relocated to other sections. If the aircraft is on ground, then the bomb squad is called in , but If the plane is in flight , then the commander is immediately in formed & he brings the aircraft to land at the nearest airport. The suspicious article is covered with blankets ,pillows plastic to minimize any explosion damage. In case there is an explosion in-flight , then the first outcome is de- pressurisation & the pilot acts accordingly . After landing , evacuation is executed.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    Task 2 Dutiesof a cabin crew
  • 34.
    Who is acabin crew ? An employee of an airline who is primarily responsible for the safety and comfort of passengers during their flight is called a cabin crew or a Airhostess / Flight Attendant / Flight Purser / Flight Steward .
  • 35.
    • The mainresponsibility of a cabin crew is the safety of the passengers. • The second the comfort of the passengers.
  • 36.
  • 37.
    •Distribution of readingmaterials such as newspaper and airline magazines
  • 38.
    • Making announcementson behalf of the pilot and answering passenger questions during the flight; • Serving meals and refreshments to passengers; • Selling duty-free goods and advising passengers of any allowance restrictions in force at their destination; • Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures correctly in emergency situations; • Giving first aid to passengers where necessary; • Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of a flight and checking that there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers; • Completing paperwork, including writing a flight report.
  • 39.
  • 40.
    Mother with Infant(MWI) • They are usually seated on the carrycot seats. The carrycot/bassinet should be placed soon after take-off & removed when the aircraft starts its descent to the destination. • The infant should be on the mothers lap during take-off and landing. They should also be advised to feed the infant at this time & put cotton in the infants ear to prevent pressure distress. • Extra amenities like napkins , disposable diapers , feeding bottles(when required) , baby food should be offered. • Just before the meal services commences , the mother should be asked when she would like her meal. More often than not, they eat later when the cabin crew can look after the infant whilst they eat. In such cases their choice of meal should be keep seperate.
  • 41.
  • 42.
    Emergency Equipments… Name ofthe Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Life Vest Two chambers ,upper and lower, inflammation tag , a whistle, an oxygen bottle to inflame the vest Check whether life vest is present or not under Pax seat It is used mainly for evacuation on water such as ditiching. Oxygen mask Mask with chord, oxygen bottle with pressure guage to check the amount of oxygen to be released off. Check whether the bottle is filled in During the medical emergency, loss of cabin pressure and fire fighting Mega phone Push to top button , speaker , sling ,handle Secured with strands, push to top button to ensure the battery full Control the crowd and make directions to the pax during an emergency.
  • 43.
    Emergency Equipments… Name ofthe Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Fire Axe/Crash Axe Handle, Hook end, Blade Check if it is in the location (usually inside the cockpit) secured with straps. Used in case of fire or during survival in case of crash. Hold the handle and the hook end to make a hold and the blade to cut. Smoke Hood Smoke Hood Check if it is in the location. Used in case of heavy smoke in the cabin. Asbestos Gloves Asbestos Gloves Check if it is in the location, usually inside the cockpit. Used in case of fire in the cabin. It protects the hand from extreme heat.
  • 44.
    Emergency Equipments… Name ofthe Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Fire Extinguisher Red bottle, Strap to secure, Pressure gauge, Safety pin, Handle ,Trigger, Nozzle In correct location secured with straps. Needle on the pressure gauge should be between 1500-2000 PSI. Safety pin intact. Check the expiry date. Remove from location. Point the nozzle at the bare of the fire. Remove the safety pin. Squeeze the trigger for the content to release. Fight the fire in sweepy motion from a safe distance which is 8-10 ft. Call for backup. Monitor for re-ignition. Inform flight deck crew.
  • 45.
    Emergency Equipments… Name ofthe Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment ELT Antenna, Lanyard, Plastic cover, Battery In correct location secured with straps •Send signals to SAR team. •DITCHING •Remove from the location and take it with you before exiting the aircraft. •Erect the antenna. •Untie the lanyard & tie it to the raft. •Throw the beacon into the water.
  • 46.
    Emergency Equipments… Name ofthe Emergency Equipment Parts of the Emergency Equipment Preflight checks Usage of Equipment Oxygen Mask First oxygen bottle with sling attached to it, Pressure gauge, Mask with a code attached to it, Rotating knob to release oxygen. In correct location secured with straps. Needle on the pressure gauge should be in the green zone & not the red zone. Mask should be available. Remove from location & sling it on your shoulder. Attach the oxygen mask to the cylinder. Release the oxygen by rotating the knob clockwise. Check the oxygen flow by pinching the base of the mask to inflate or check the red indicator moving on the cord. After confirming the oxygen flow put the mask on the casualty. Never leave the casualty unattended and always be ready with the backup bottle.
  • 47.
    Dummy Equipment whichI made is : Life Vest
  • 48.
    Task 5 Cabincrew routine for an international flight fro sign in time until signout
  • 49.
    Flight Details… • Airline- Air Arabia • Sector: Trivandrum • Flight Time From (Trivandrum) - 18:30 pm • Actual time of Arrival (Dubai) - 23:40 pm • Work position - Cabin Crew : R3 • Passport , Airport identity card , Airline id card , Flight Safety Certificate. • Handbag containing toiletries , extra one pair of uniform.
  • 50.
    Reporting for duty: I come to airport 1 hour prior to my flight. After reaching airport , I reported to moment control and checked departure board.
  • 51.
    Briefing…. • In thebriefing room, my senior cabin crew will inspect me and ask mine some questions regarding the emergencies on board . After all , chief checked mine • Grooming , • Documents , • Knowledge on First Aid • And finally she handed me over the checklists.
  • 52.
    Embarkation…. • Baggage checkin • ID checking • Boarding • Security checking • After the clearance, I directly go to the aircraft 45 minutes prior to take off and entered my zone. I keep my luggage in the coat compartment. • I do the pre-flight check in my zone . • First I make sure all the emergency equipments in my zone are in working condition and also if its available for every passenger.
  • 53.
    Embarkation…. • I seethat the cabin and lavatory is kept clean and tidy. • After the checking ,I groomed once again. Then I go to my zone door to welcome the passengers. • I meet, greet and find seat to the passengers. and proceed with the passenger service.
  • 54.
    Service On Board……Before Take Off : • I start with my service by giving newspapers, headphones, and drinks to the passengers. • Mean while, our senior cabin crew will make welcome announcement and safety demonstration which is done by me. • Then I done a final check and make sure whether all were wore seat belts or not. • Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew to change the door mode to automatic ,cross check and report. • I’m R1 , so I’m responsible for reporting it to the chief, so after cross checking, I gave report .
  • 55.
    Service On Board…….After Take Off: • After that I go with blankets/pillows to the passengers . • Then I proceeded with the beverage and meal service. First beverages are given, then meal service is done. I serve the meal according to the passenger’s choice. After that Tea/Coffee is served . • All trays and cups are collected back after the service. • Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures correctly in emergency situations; • I will also check on the lavatory in every 30 minutes so as to make sure there is ‘nt any fire occurring inside the lavatory.
  • 56.
    Before Landing : Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew that to stop the services and I started to collect all the remaining trays, glasses/cups, and other items from the passengers and then ensure that all the tray tables are closed , the luggage's are kept in the overhead bin/under the passenger seats are secured and checked whether the passengers were using seats belts .  Then an announcement made by the senior cabin crew that cabin crew to remain seated and I go to my cabin crew seat.
  • 57.
    After Landing : •After safe landing , an announcement made by chief that to change the door automatic mode to manual, cross check and report. So after dis-arming the door and cross-checking , I reported to the chief. • I helped the passengers by taking away the luggages from the over head bins. • Then I moved towards the door , greet them and thank them. • Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of a flight and checking that there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers; • Completing paperwork, including writing a flight report.
  • 58.
    Disembarkation : • Afterthe baggage checking and security checking , • I moved to crew rest area.
  • 59.
    Task 6 Describe andCompare Boeing 747 $ Airbus A380….
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
    Boeing 747 AirbusA380 • Length 73.00m • Wingspan 79.80m • Wings area 845.00 m2 • Height 24.10m • Engines 4 • Thrust per engine 311 kN • Total thrust 1,244kN • MTOW 548,000 kgs • Range 15,000km • Cruise speed M0.85 • Capacity 525 Pax  Length 70.70m  Wingspan 64.44m  Wings area 541.20m2  Height 19.41m  Engines 4  Thrust per engine 282kN  Total thrust 1,128kN  MTOW 396,900kgs  Range 13,400km  Cruise speed M0.85  Capacity 416Pax
  • 63.
    Cabin layout ofBoeing 747
  • 64.
    Cabin layout ofAirbus A380
  • 65.
    Over view ofBoeing 747 • Role - Wide-body jet airliner • National origin - United States • Manufacturer - Boeing Commercial Airplanes • First flight • 747-8F- February 8, 2010 • 747-8I- March 20, 2011 • Primary users - Cathay Pacific Cargo Atlas Air Cargolux Airlines Lufthansa • Status- In service
  • 66.
    Over view ofAirbus A380 • Role- Wide-body , double-deck jet airliner • National origin- Multi-national • Manufacturer- Airbus • First flight- 27 April 2005 • Introduction- 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines • Status- In service • Primary users- Emirates Singapore Airlines Qantas Lufthansa • Produced- 2004–present • Number built- 138 as of 31 July 2014[ • Unit cost US$414.4 million approx. €300 million (2014)
  • 67.
    ANALYSING : Capacity •Boeing 747-8: 467 passengers, in a three-class configuration • Airbus A380: 525 passengers, in a three-class configuration • The Airbus is the clear winner in this round, and inspired a rather curt reaction from Boeing deputy program manager Elizabeth Lund to Bloomberg , "With an A380, you run the risk of not filling every seat whenever you fly."
  • 68.
    ANALYSING : Length •Boeing 747-8: 76 meters • Airbus A380: 72.72 meters • The Boeing is 3.28 meters longer than the Airbus, officially making it the longest commercial plane in the world right now. • Oh, that's good. Who cares how many passengers you can carry -- anything that can be called "the world's longest" is a winner. Boeing slugs back.
  • 69.
    ANALYSING : InternalCabin Width • Boeing 747-8: 6.1 meters • Airbus A380: 6.54 meters • The Intercontinental has the same cabin width as its predecessor (the Boeing 747-400), but claims to be able to carry 51 more passengers due to its extra length of 18.3 feet. • However, Airbus execs have pointed out that the 747-8 has yet to pass evacuation tests. • "I am going to be taking that aircraft one day," Airbus chief operating officer John Leahy told Dow Jones. "I want to be sure that you can get out of it in an emergency." • To this, Boeing spokesman Jim Proulx responded that the plane will meet all certification standards for emergency evacuation.
  • 70.
    ANALYSING : Price •Boeing 747-8: US$317.5 million • Airbus A380: US$375.3 million • The Airbus A380-800 sells for nearly US$58 million more than the new Boeing as of January this year, depending on customization and engine. • That's not exactly small change. It means for every five A380s you buy you could get six 747-8s.
  • 71.
    ANALYSING : CruisingSpeed • Boeing 747-8: Typical cruise speed at Mach 0.855, top cruise speed: Mach 0.86 (or 86 percent the speed of sound). • Airbus A380: Typical cruise speed at Mach 0.85 (from BBC), top cruise speed at Mach 0.88 (from Airliners.net) • In terms of typical speed Boeing 747-8 wins, but this is a serious slug- fest, and there's no time for cruising. We're giving this one to Airbus.
  • 72.
    ANALYSING : Range •Boeing 747-8: 8,000 nautical miles • Airbus A380: 8,300 nautical miles • Both planes will be able to cover long haul, trans-continental flights such as those between New York and Hong Kong, Los Angeles to Mumbai, and London to Singapore.
  • 73.
    ANALYSING : WingSpan • Boeing 747-8: 68.5 meters • Airbus A380: 79.75 meters • Airbus chews up the Boeing a few times over when it comes to wingspan. But both are doing clever things. • The Boeing's new wing design claims to heighten performance while lowering noise levels. Its fly-by-wire spoilers and outboard ailerons, pioneered by the 787 Dream liner, can allegedly save weight. • The Airbus A380 also has a new wing design (at the time of its launch, anyway) that employs aluminum alloys for the wing and fuselage, and composite materials for the center wing box, which reduces the overall weight of the aircraft.
  • 74.
    ANALYSING : FuelEfficiency • Boeing 747-8: 2.8 liters per seat per 100 kilometers • Airbus A380: 2.9 liters per passenger per 100 kilometers (from Nat Geo) • Both sides regurgitated some rather fuzzy PR when it came to fuel efficiency, preferring to simply say "the competition is worse" and compiling estimates based on different underlying assumptions, especially the average flight length and the number of passengers on board, as this Nat Geo article explains. • But while Boeing gave us a hard figure of 2.8 liters per seat per 100 kilometers, Airbus didn't respond, so we assigned them a figure of 2.9 liters per passenger per 100 kilometers, as stated in the Nat Geo article.
  • 75.
    RESULT…. # Now thatthe Boeing 747-8 has received its FAA certification.. What does all this mean? ….. For the serious competition finds out there , Airbus comes out on top, five rounds to three. Rating A 380 : (4 out of 5) Rating Boeing 747 : (3 out of 5)
  • 76.
    Case study ofany actual mishap of an Aircrash . REPORT ON ACCIDENT TO AIR INDIA EXPRESS BOEING 737-800…… Aircraft VT-AXV on 22nd May 2010 at MANGLORE AIR PORT ……
  • 77.
    Air Craft Overview •Date ` : 22 May 2010 • Summary : Runway overrun due to pilot error • Site : Beyond runway 24 at Mangalore International Airport • Passengers : 160 • Crew : 6 • Injuries (non-fatal) : 8 • Fatalities : 158 • Survivors : 8 • Aircraft type :Boeing 737-8HG(SPF) • Operator : Air India Express RegistrationVT-AXV • Flight origin : Dubai International Airport , United Arab Emirates • Destination : Mangalore Airport, India
  • 80.
    After getting theparts , they remake the whole aircraft….
  • 81.
    Air India ExpressFlight 812 was a scheduled passenger service from Dubai to Mangalore, which, at around 01:00 UTC on 22 May 2010,overshot the runway on landing, fell over a cliff, and caught fire, spreading wreckage across the surrounding hillside. Of the 160 passengers and six crew members on board, only eight passengers survived. Overview…..
  • 82.
    The accident involveda Boeing 737-800 aircraft, one of Boeing's 737 Next Generation series, with aircraft registration VT–AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481.The aircraft first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered on 18 January 2008.Commanded by Captain Zlatko Glušica , the remaining crew consisted of first officer H. S. Ahluwalia and four flight attendants. Glušica (a former employee of Jet Airways of Serbia), aged 55, a British and Serbian national with over 10,000 hours of flying and over 7,500 hours of command experience, and Ahluwalia (a former employee of Jet Airways who joined Air India Express in April 2009) were both killed in the incident. Both pilots were based in Mangalore. Aircraft and crew…..
  • 83.
    The flight departedDubai International Airport at 01:06 GST (21:06 UTC). It crashed upon landing at Mangalore International Airport at 06:05 IST (00:35 UTC).Situated in a hilly area, the airport is one of seven Indian airports designated as a "critical airfield" by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). DGCA rules at critical airfields prohibit "supervised take offs and landings", so that only the captain (not the first officer) may pilot an aircraft during take-off and landing .The airport is one of three airports in India having table top runways (the others being Kozhikode and Lengpui ) that require heightened awareness and a very precise landing approach . Flight …..
  • 84.
    Crash…… After touching downon the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24, the plane overran and crashed down the hill at its far end. The final conversations between Air traffic control (ATC) and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of distress .The then Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel said that the aircraft was following an Instrument landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer, runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given at 2,000 feet (610 m) from touchdown. The Aeroplane concluded its ILS approach on runway 24, touching down 5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving 2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop.[ It overran the runway and ploughed through a 90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed which did not stop it. As the aircraft passed the arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS localiser antenna ; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m) beyond the end of the runway and down the steep hillside coming to a stop 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 m) metres past the top of the slope
  • 85.
    Crash…… "The plane brokein two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village“ . Television footage from shortly after the crash showed the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said wind conditions were calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident.
  • 86.
    Crash…… After touching downon the 8,033-foot (2,448 m) runway 24, the plane overran and crashed down the hill at its far end. The final conversations between Air traffic control (ATC) and the pilot prior to the landing showed no indication of distress .The then Civil Aviation Minister , Praful Patel said that the aircraft was following an Instrument landing system (ILS) approach for landing on the newer, longer, runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to ATC that it was 'established' on an ILS approach about 4.3 miles (6.9 km) from touchdown; landing clearance was then given at 2,000 feet (610 m) from touchdown. The Aeroplane concluded its ILS approach on runway 24, touching down 5,200 feet (1,600 m) from the start of the runway, leaving 2,800 feet (850 m) in which to stop.[ It overran the runway and ploughed through a 90-metre (300 ft) sand arrestor bed which did not stop it. As the aircraft passed the arrestor bed, its starboard wing collided with the concrete socket of the ILS localiser antenna ; it finally plunged over the edge of the table-top about 790 feet (240 m) beyond the end of the runway and down the steep hillside coming to a stop 660 to 980 feet (200 to 300 m) metres past the top of the slope."The plane broke in two" said one survivor "and a dense black smoke invaded the cabin. I jumped out through an opening in the window. Six other passengers followed me. We fled, with the help of the inhabitants of the nearby village“ . Television footage from shortly after the crash showed the remains of the aircraft on fire and lying on its belly with smoke rising from the wreckage.[The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 3.7 miles (6.0 km), and said wind conditions were calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident.
  • 87.
    Investigation Report Initial investigationsrevealed that the plane landed at least 2,000 feet (610 m) beyond the usual touch down point on Mangalore's new 8,040- foot (2,450 m) runway 24. A team of airline officials, staff and officials from the Airports Authority of India and officers of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) were rushed to the scene to investigate the accident and assist with rescue efforts. Boeing also announced that a team would be sent to provide technical assistance following a request from Indian authorities. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation ordered an inquiry into the crash, which began the same day. The NTSB also assisted the investigation by sending a team of specialists including a senior air safety investigator, a flight operations specialist, an aircraft systems specialist and technical advisers for Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration.
  • 88.
    Cause…. Captain Glušica wasgiven clearance to land, however, he suddenly aborted the attempted landing. The aircraft's throttle handle was found in the forward position, suggesting that the pilot had attempted to abort the landing and take off again. The co-pilot Ahluwalia had warned his commander three times to go around instead of landing; the first of these warnings had come 2.5 miles before the runway threshold. The enquiry report submitted by the Civil Aviation Ministry claimed that Glušica slept for over 90 minutes during the flight. The Air India Express IX 812 Boeing 737-800 carrying 166 people from Dubai including the crew, crashed while negotiating a tricky landing at Mangalore city's "table-top" airport overlooking a ravine. The American National Transportation Safety Board says it was the first instance of snoring recorded on a Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). Analysis of the accident revealed that had the pilot "deployed détente reverse thrust and applied maximum manual braking at touchdown", the aircraft could have been stopped within the paved overrun area of the runway. The captain had exacerbated the long landing by attempting a go-around following deployment of the thrust reversers.
  • 89.
    Cockpit Voice Recorder/FlightData Recorder…. Data recorders in damaged condition…
  • 90.
  • 91.
    Bibiliography…… • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India_Express_Flight_812 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380 •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_747 • http://businesstoday.intoday.in/categorylist/12/1/aviation.html • http://www.firstpost.com/tag/air-india • http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Indian-Airlines
  • 92.
  • 93.
    Conclusion……. In the fewdays of aviation class , I understood the basic outline of aircrafts ,service procedures, responsibilities of a cabin crew, different medical emergencies . I once again thank Ms. Jyothi Thomas for enough support and guidance.
  • 95.