1. Incomplete dominance and codominance are genetic concepts where the phenotype of the offspring is not fully dominated by one allele. An example is pink flowers from white and red parent flowers.
2. Codominance is when the offspring shows traits of both parents, like a checkered chicken from a black and white parent.
3. Multiple alleles exist when more than two alleles control a trait, such as blood types A, B, AB, and O in humans which are determined by proteins on red blood cells.
Allelic and Non-allelic interactions : Complete dominance; Incomplete dominance-in Four O'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa and Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus ; Co-dominance- MN blood group, AB blood group, Roan coat colour in shorthorn breed of cattle; Inheritance of Comb pattern in Poultry; Epistasis -Dominant - Fruit colour in Summer squash, Recessive - Coat colour in mice; Complementary gene interaction -Purple flower colour in Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)
Epistasis is a Greek word that means standing over .Bateson used it to describe the masking effect in 1909.
An interaction between a pair of loci in which the phenotype effect of one locus depends on the genotype at the second locus.
Genes whose phenotypes are ;
Expressed,epistatic.
Altered or suppressed hypostatic.
Allelic and Non-allelic interactions : Complete dominance; Incomplete dominance-in Four O'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa and Snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus ; Co-dominance- MN blood group, AB blood group, Roan coat colour in shorthorn breed of cattle; Inheritance of Comb pattern in Poultry; Epistasis -Dominant - Fruit colour in Summer squash, Recessive - Coat colour in mice; Complementary gene interaction -Purple flower colour in Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)
Epistasis is a Greek word that means standing over .Bateson used it to describe the masking effect in 1909.
An interaction between a pair of loci in which the phenotype effect of one locus depends on the genotype at the second locus.
Genes whose phenotypes are ;
Expressed,epistatic.
Altered or suppressed hypostatic.
Examples of Codominance. The best example, in this case, is the codominance blood type. ABO group is considered to be a codominant blood group where both father’s and mother’s blood group is expressed. It means that the properties of the blood groups exist in the ABO type.
Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.
Presentation on Sex influenced traits. Very informative for Biology students. This presentation include the basic terminologies and have the information that how sex influenced traits are different from sex linked traits. This presentation contains information that how these traits are transferred to next generations.
Gene interactions occur when two or more different genes influence the outcome of a single trait
Epistasis is a phenomenon in which the expression of one gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes.
A gene whose phenotype is expressed is called epistatic.
There are two types of chromosomes, Autosomes and Sex chromosomes
Autosomes are those chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination.
Sex chromosomes are those chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism.
A human somatic cell has two sex chromosomes: XY in male (hetero-gametic) and XX in female (homo-gametic).
This PPT consists of 24 slides explaining Polygenic Inheritance . Some traits are controlled by two or more genes. These traits differ from Mendelian traits and donot show discrete alternative or contrasting forms and show continuous ranges. Examples of such traits are wheat seed colour, plant height, Human skin colour controlled by at least three genes showing many shades of dark and fare, human height, human eye colour etc
Examples of Codominance. The best example, in this case, is the codominance blood type. ABO group is considered to be a codominant blood group where both father’s and mother’s blood group is expressed. It means that the properties of the blood groups exist in the ABO type.
Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.
Presentation on Sex influenced traits. Very informative for Biology students. This presentation include the basic terminologies and have the information that how sex influenced traits are different from sex linked traits. This presentation contains information that how these traits are transferred to next generations.
Gene interactions occur when two or more different genes influence the outcome of a single trait
Epistasis is a phenomenon in which the expression of one gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes.
A gene whose phenotype is expressed is called epistatic.
There are two types of chromosomes, Autosomes and Sex chromosomes
Autosomes are those chromosomes that are not involved in sex determination.
Sex chromosomes are those chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism.
A human somatic cell has two sex chromosomes: XY in male (hetero-gametic) and XX in female (homo-gametic).
This PPT consists of 24 slides explaining Polygenic Inheritance . Some traits are controlled by two or more genes. These traits differ from Mendelian traits and donot show discrete alternative or contrasting forms and show continuous ranges. Examples of such traits are wheat seed colour, plant height, Human skin colour controlled by at least three genes showing many shades of dark and fare, human height, human eye colour etc
Summary of Pedigree Chart symbols.
How to use pedigree charts to analyse genetic conditions
Please note: this resource found on a fileserver on the internet. Author unknown.
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STATEMENT OF NEED
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Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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2. Incomplete dominance & Codominance
1. Incomplete dominance
a. genotype is heterozygous(hybrid)
b. phenotype is between the 2 parents
c. dominant
gene can not
fully inhibit
recessive
Example:
white flowers
X red flowers
= pink flowers
3. 2. Codominance
a. offspring shows phenotype of
neither parent
b. both alleles are dominant
Example- black chicken x white
chicken= checkered chicken
=
+
4. B. Multiple and Sex-linked Alleles
1. Multiple alleles: more than 2
alleles control a trait
Example-blood type in humans
a. blood type is determined
by presence or absence of
proteins on the surface of
red blood cells
Examples- A, B, AB, & O
5. Genotype Phenotype-blood type
AA, AO A blood
BB, BO B blood
OO O blood
AB AB blood
6. To determine the blood types of
possible offspring
Parents = A blood, O blood
Genotypes AA, AO OO
A A A O
AO AO O OO
O AO
AO AO OO
AO O
O
7. 2. Sex linked alleles: controlled by
genes located on sex chromosomes
a. usually carried on the X chromosomes
Written as- XH or Xh
b. Females XX, males XY
c. If trait is X-linked, males pass the
trait on to all their daughters, but
none to their sons
d. mothers have 50/50 chance of
passing it to all their children
Examples-colorblindness or hemophilia
9. 1. A pink flower is an example of ______.
A. multiple alleles B. codominance
C. incomplete dominance
2. A checkered chicken is an example of ______.
A. codominance B. multiple alleles
C. incomplete dominance
3. Blood type is an example of _____
A. multiple alleles B. codominance
C. incomplete dominance
4. True/false: A blood has the genotypes AA and AO.
5. True/false: fathers can pass sex linked traits like color
blindness on to their sons.
10. 6. In snakes, slithering is dominant over
scooting and having a forked tongue is
dominant over rounded tongues. Predict
the outcome of tongue shape and
movement when 2 individuals with the
following genotypes combine.
SsFf x SsFf
