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Back cross and test cross
- 1. BACK CROSS &TEST CROSS Dr. Valli Syam
- 2. Backcrossing is acrossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Backcrossed hybrids are sometimes described with acronym "BC", for example, an F1 hybrid crossed with one of its parents (or a genetically similar individual) can be termed a BC1 hybrid, and a further cross of the BC1 hybrid to the same parent (or a genetically similar individual) produces a BC2 hybrid.
- 3. Yy yy YY Y y Y y YY Yy Yyyy Y y Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation Phenotypic ratio 3 : 1 Yellow : Green Genotypic ratio 1 : 2 : 1 YY Yy yy Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous Dominant Recessive MONOHYBRID CROSS
- 4. Yy yy YY Y Y Y y Y y Yy Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes BACK CROSS F1 P If the F1 is crossed with Dominant parent
- 5. Yy yy YY Y Y Y y YY Y y Yy Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes BACK CROSS F1 P If the F1 is crossed with Dominant parent
- 6. Yy yy YY Y Y Y y YY YY Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes BACK CROSS F1 P If the F1 is crossed with Dominant parent
- 7. Yy yy YY Y Y Y y YY YY Yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes BACK CROSS F1 P If the F1 is crossed with Dominant parent
- 8. Yy yy YY Y Y Y y YY YY Yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes BACK CROSS Yy F1 P If the F1 is crossed with Dominant parent
- 9. Yy yy YY Y Y Y y YY YY Yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes BACK CROSS Yy F1 P If the F1 is crossed with Dominant parent Phenotypic ratio All Yellow seed Genotypic ratio 1 : 1 YY Yy
- 10. Yy yy YY y y Y y Y y Yy Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent BACK CROSS F1 P
- 11. Yy yy YY y y Y y Yy Y y Yy Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent BACK CROSS F1 P
- 12. Yy yy YY y y Y y Yy Yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent BACK CROSS F1 P
- 13. Yy yy YY y y Y y Yy Yy yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent BACK CROSS F1 P
- 14. Yy yy YY y y Y y Yy Yy yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent BACK CROSS yy F1 P
- 15. Yy yy YY y y Y y Yy Yy yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent Phenotypic ratio Yellow : Green Genotypic ratio 1 : 1 Yy yy BACK CROSS yy F1 P
- 16. Yy yy YY y y Y y Yy Yy yy Yy Y y Parental Generation Gametes F1 Generation Gametes F2 Generation If the F1 is crossed with Recessive parent Phenotypic ratio Yellow : Green Genotypic ratio 1 : 1 Yy yy This is also called TEST CROSS BACK CROSS yy F1 P
- 17. REFERENCES • Genetics –VB Rastogi – 4th Edition – Medtech Publishers -2019 • Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution And Ecology - P.S. Verma &V.K. Agarwal - S. Chand & Company Ltd. 2005 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backcrossing#:~:text=Backcrossing %20is%20a%20crossing%20of,production%20of%20gene%20kn ockout%20organisms.