The document discusses global population trends, noting that China and India currently have the largest populations but India is projected to surpass China by 2030. Developing countries are experiencing rapid population growth during a time when resources are already stressed. Rapid population growth can overwhelm infrastructure and resources, affecting access to necessities like fuel, water, arable land, and adequate housing. Some governments try to address overpopulation through incentives for smaller families and increased access to family planning.

1. Ch 9, Section 2: Changing Population
Trends
Standards: SEV5e

2. 
As of 2012:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
China- 1.3 billion
India- 1.2 billion
United States- 313
million
Indonesia- 248 million
Brazil- 194 million
China’s population is
slowing and India is
projected to surpass
China by 2030.


India’s projected
population in 2050 is
1.6 billion.

3.  Not
every country
progresses thru the
DT at the same rate
or in the same way.
 Some countries have
modern industry but
low income (China)
 Some countries are
stable & educated
but with low
industrialization

4. 

Most developed
countries have already
gone through the
demographic transition
during a time when
resources were
plentiful.
Developing countries
are currently
experiencing their
largest growth of the
demographic transition
during a time when the
resources on the planet
are already stressed.

5. 

When a country grows at a
rapid rate it uses
resources at an increased
rate which will overwhelm
the infrastructure of a
community.
Infrastructure are basic
necessities of a
community such as







Water supplies
Sewer lines
Power plants
Roads
Subways
Schools
Hospitals

6.  Rapidly
growing
populations use
resources faster
than the
environment can
renew them
 Resources most
critically affected
by rapid growth:
Vegetation
 Water
 Land


7. In many developing
countries, wood is main
source of fuel.
 When pop. is low, people
can gather dead wood on
ground.
 When pop. is high,
people cut down trees to
get fuel wood.
 Without wood, cannot
boil water for drinking,
cook food, or stay warm.


Water must be boiled b/c it
is usually contaminated with
disease causing parasites.

8. 


If population grows too
rapidly, the local water
supply cannot keep up.
Water supplies may dry up
faster than they can be
replaced by rain water
Plumbing infrastructure may
be non-existent or not
sufficient for growing
population


People may drink and wash
from same water used for
sewage disposal.
Causes outbreaks of disease
such as cholera, typhoid, and
dysentery


All of these diseases result in
diarrhea
Diarrheal diseases cause more
than 40% of the deaths in Africa*

9.  Growing
populations
have shortage of
arable land.
 Arable land is land
that can be used to
grow crops.
 Also competition for
land to be used not
only for farming,
but also for housing
& natural habitats.

10. 
Ex: Egypt
Egypt pop. 73 million &
growing at rate of 2%
each year.
 Egypt needs Nile River
valley for farming (only
4% of land in Egypt is
arable)
 The Nile River valley is
also the only place where
people can live b/c most
of the country is desert.
 As population increases,
valley land will be used
for housing which means
less land available to
grow food.


11. 



Another problem with land
usage is urbanization.
Urbanization- when people
in rural areas move to cities.
Urbanization leads to
suburban sprawl- people
move to suburbs around
cities and commute into
cities for work.
City infrastructure can’t
keep up with immigration of
people into cities or suburbs




Lots of traffic jams
Less land for farms
Inadequate plumbing
Not enough or inadequate
housing
A housing development in Arizona

12. Less developed
countries are
beginning to realize
the economic strain
overpopulation has on
their countries.
 Some governments try
to limit birth rate by:




Offering monetary
incentives/tax
incentives to only have
1-2 kids
Advertising family
planning programs
Legal punishments
Family planning pamphlet from
India.

13.  Conference
held
by United
Nations
 Debated
relationship
between
populations,
development,
and environment

Results of Conference:

Provide access to family
planning methods & related
reproductive health services

Reduce infant mortality rates
to below 35/1000 live births &
under 5 year old mortality
rates to 45/1000

Close gap in maternal
mortality btwn developed &
developing countries.

Increase life expectancy at
birth to more than 75 years.

Achieve universal access to &
completion of primary
education. Ensure the widest
and earliest possible access by
girls and women to secondary
& higher levels of education

14. 



Worldwide population is
currently over 7 billion.
Worldwide fertility rates
are declining
If current trends continue,
most countries will
achieve replacement level
fertility by 2050 &
population growth will
slow/stop.
Most demographers
predict world population
will stabilize btwn 8 & 11
billion people.