This document summarizes in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. [1] IVF involves removing eggs from a woman, fertilizing them with sperm in the lab, and then transferring the fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the uterus a few days later. [2] Reasons for IVF include infertility, which is increasingly prevalent worldwide. [3] The history, methodology, success rates, factors, and limitations of IVF are discussed over several stages: ovarian stimulation and monitoring, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo transfer, and potential outcomes.

1. A seminar on
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION-EMBRYO
TRANSFER (IVF-ET)
Presented by
NIYAMAT M. PANJESHA
Modern College Of Arts , Science & Commerce.
Shivajinagar, Pune-05.

2. WHAT IS IVF?
 In vitro fertilization broadly deals with “the
removal of egg’s from a women, fertilizing
them in the laboratory, and transferring the
fertilized eggs (zygotes) into the uterus a few
days later.

3. WHY IVF?
 Infertility: Extremely Prevalent
 Definition: inability to achieve pregnancy
 17-26% of couples worldwide (90 million
women)
 27-47% of infertile couples have impaired
male fertility; decline in semen quality
worldwide over last 50 years

4. WHY THE INCREASE IN INFERTILITY?
 Delayed marriage and child-bearing
 Sexually transmitted diseases
 Hormonal contraception
 Abortion
 Obesity
 Environmental Pollution

5.  Male infertility
 Female infertility

6. IVF: HISTORY
 In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertility
procedure which first succeeded as recently
as 1978 by Dr. Edwards ( an embryologist)
and Dr. Steptoe ( a gynecologist) in England.
Since then the technology has been further
refined and developed by physicians and
embryologists, with over 20,000 babies born
worldwide.

7. METHODOLOGY OF IVF
 The ivf broadly involves the fowllowig
stages:-
1. Ovarian stimulation and monitoring
2. Egg (oocyte) retrieval
3. Fertilization
4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
5. Embryo transfer

8. STAGE 1: OVARIAN STIMULATION AND
MONITORING
 Ovarian stimulation is used to produce
multiple mature follicles, rather than the
single egg normally developed each month.

9. STAGE 2: EGG RETRIEVAL
 Egg recovery is accomplished by a
transvaginal procedure, which can be
performed under light sedation or local
anesthesia.

10. NORMAL EGG ABNORMAL EGG

11. STAGE 3: FERTILIZATION
 Once mature eggs have been retrieved, the
sperm and eggs are placed together in the
laboratory and incubated in a meticulously
prepared culture medium at a temperature
identical to that of the woman’s body.

12. STAGE 4: INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM
INJECTION
 During the process of ICSI, an embryologist
isolates a sperm cell, draws it up into a
microscopic needle and injects it inside an
egg using a high power microscope.

14. STAGE 5: EMBRYO TRANSFER
 Embryo transfer is
not a painful
procedure and can
be performed without
sedation.
 Usually up to three
embryos are placed
together in a catheter
( a tubular
instrument) and
transferred, via the

15. SUCCESS RATE OF IVF
 Varies from programme to programme.
 It is dependent upon correct diagnosis of
patient, and age.
 Pregnancy rate is in the range of 25-30% per
oocyte retrieval.
 The take home is about 15-20% per
procedure.

16. FACTORS
 Increased risk of abortion.
 Multiple pregnancy.
 Ectopic pregnancy.
 Low birth weigh baby.
 Premature delivery.

17. LIMITATION OF IVF
 Genetic defect in oocytes.
 Genetic defect in fertilizing sperm.
 Environmental mutagenesis.
 Inadequate supply of nutrients and
hormones.
 Exposure to toxic agents and free radicals.

18. WORLDS FIRST TEST TUBE BABY

19. REFERENCES

20. ANY QUESTION

21. THANK YOU