- Chickpea is an important crop that is sensitive to climate change impacts like increased temperatures and drought. Recent studies project negative impacts of climate change on chickpea production. - As temperatures and drought increase, chickpea yields and quality are expected to decline. New cultivars adapted to heat and drought through breeding will be important for maintaining chickpea production. - Research in Ethiopia found that under climate change scenarios, yields of two chickpea varieties were projected to decrease in coming decades without improved varieties. Developing new varieties adapted to future conditions is crucial for food security.

2. ACHARYA N.G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE-BAPATLA
Department of agronomy
TOPIC:-IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CHICKPEA
SUBMITTED BY
B.VENKATAKRISHNA
BAM-18-09
SUBMITTED TO,
Dr. V.R.K MURTHY
PROFESSOR

3. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CHICKPEA

4. CHICKPEA
 Genus: Cicer
 Species: Cicer arietinum
 Family: Fabaceae
 Also known as Bengal gram, Garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea,
Ceci.
 One of the earliest cultivated legumes with 7,500 year old
remains found in the Middle East.
 Relatives are beans, peas, soybeans, and alfalfa.

5. Geography
• Chickpeas originated in Turkey and Greece in the late
Neolithic period around 3500 BC.
• Spread throughout the Mediterranean region, West Asia,
Indian subcontinent, and Australia through trade. Came to U.S.
through immigration.
• Grown in tropical, subtropical, and/or
• temperate regions.

6. Morphology
 Herbaceous annual plant, similar to a small shrub
 Flowers are white with blue, violet or pink veins and are
bisexual- Self-pollinated
 Fruits are a legume
 Roots are classified as a taproot system with 3-4 rows of
lateral roots. Roots typically grow 1.5-2 m deep.
 Rich in starch
 The stem is erect, branched and hairy
 Leaves are compound, obovate, and are pubescent.Margins
are serrated

7. Two Kinds of Chickpea
DESI
 Small, dark, have a rough
coating
 Earliest variety
 Most closely resembles
seeds from
 archaeological sites
 High in fiber
 Origin: Turkey
KABULI
 Lighter in color, has a
smoothercoating
 Found in Mediterranean,
South
 Europe, North Africa, and
SouthAmerica
 introduced to India in 18th
Century
 Green varieties

8. Plant Uses
 There are few references regarding medicinal uses, but have
been notedfor having diuretic effects.
 They are high in nutrients, especially manganese, iron,
phosphorus,copper, dietary fiber, and folate
 Traditionally chickpeas are used as food and can be found in a
variety of dishes,Salads, Stews, Flour, Hummus, Roasted as a
snack ,Some varieties are popped like popcorn

9. Fun Facts
• The Latin name Cicer arietinum means “small
ram”as the shape of the seed may resemble a
rams head.
• Stems, leaves, and pod shell have compounds
that have aphrodisiac properties.
• Leaves are used to manufacture blue/indigo
dyes

10. CLIMATE
• Temperature
• Chickpea is a self-pollinated crop and usually grown as a rain-fed cool-
weather crop or as a dry climate crop in semi-arid regions.
• The optimum daily temperature ranges from 18 to 29°C. Occurance of
frost and hailstones can severely damage the crop. Though sensitive to
cold, some cultivars can tolerate temperatures as low as -9.5°C in early
stages.
• A relative humidity of 21-41% is optimum for seed setting.
• Rainfall
• The plants grow well in areas with annual rainfall of between 600 - 1000
mm. chickpea productivity under marginal rainfall conditions may be
increased through genotype selection and manipulation of planting density.
• Owing to its deep tap root, chickpea is fairly drought tolerant as it is able
to extract moisture from deep layers of soil profile, but its productivity is
reduced by the recurrence of the terminal droughts.

11.  It is a rabi pulse crop and requires cool humid weather and
mainlysuitable to North India.
 It is suited for moderate rainfall areas of 400-700mm.
 Water-logging results into wilt diseases (when grown with
Redgram)
 Optimum temperature regime for chick pea is 24-30oC.
 Chick pea is a long day plant and requires sufficient bright
sunshine.
 The period of cool temperature decides the duration of the crop,
because of which in North India, it comes to harvest in 160-170
days.
 Where as the winter is warm in South India then the duration is
shorter of about 90-110 days.

12. WEED CONTROL
 Weeds become problematic in chickpea due to its short
growing nature.
 Pre emergency herbicides are Bentazon (1.0-1.5 kg/ha)
 Pendimethalin (0.5-1.0 a.i kg/ha)
 Pendimethalin (0.5%) + Imazethpyr (50g)
 Pre-plant incorporation of Fluchloralin (0.5 – 1.0 a.i kg/ha)
 Trifluralin (0.5-0.7%)

13. FERTILIZERS
*The crop comes up well with a residual fertility. But the
recommended fertilizers are

14. ‘zn’ deficiency can be corrected by 0.5% ZnSO4. spray or soil
application of 25kg /ha
Zinc Sulphate which is effective in increasing the yields.
Bio-fertilisers: Seed treatment with the Rhizobium strain namely
Cicer rhizobium will increase the Nitrogen fixing ability of the
plant and thereby yield will be enhanced by 20-30%.

15. IRRIGATION:
• 55% area of chickpea is under Rainfed.
• Where under drought conditions, the crop requires 2 irrigations at critical
stages .
• 1) at Branching (45 DAS) and
• 2) at pod formation (75 DAS)
• If water is adequate then four irrigations are recommended at:
• 1) Sowing
• 2) Branching
• 3) Flowering
• 4) Pod filling
• Evaporative demand is high in South India, Irrigation at that time can
double
• the yield.
• Evaporative demand is low in North India, Irrigation can cause excessive
• growth leading to lodging.

16. Climate change
• The climate change phenomenon refers to seasonal changes
over a long period with respect to the growing accumulation
of green house gases in the atmosphere.

24. this will leads to global warming

33. Impact of Climate change on chickpea
• Global climate change has caused severe crop yield losses
worldwide and is endanger in food security in the future.
• The impact of climate change on food production is high in
Australia and globally.
• Climate change is projected to have a negative impact on crop
production.
• Chickpea is a cool season legume crop mostly grown on
residual soil moisture.
• High temperature and terminal droughts are common in
different regions of chickpea production with varying
intensities and frequencies.

34. • chickpea production will depend on the
release of new cultivars with improved
adaptation to major events such as drought
and high temperature with increasing
tempareture and drought the yields ands crop
quality are reducing.
• recent progress in chickpea breeding has
increased the efficiency of assessing genetic
diversity in germplasm collections.

35. Reserch Findings
• The study was conducted in Bishoftu area to examine the extent of climate
change effects on the production of two chickpea varieties (Arerti and Habru) in
the upcoming periods (2050’s and 2080’s) under two climate scenarios, RCP4.5
and RCP8.5. Future climate data were downscaled using an ensemble of two
climate models (CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 and MIROC-ESM-CHEM0) with RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5.

36. DETERMINING THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SOME WINTER
CHICKPEA GENOTYPES IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CONDITIONS
• This study was carried out to aim to determine the
performance of some promising chickpea genotypes. The
research was conducted during winter season of 2009/2010
and 2011/2012 in Mediterranean climate conditions in Turkey.
The experiment was arranged randomized blocks with three
replications with four promising lines and two registered
varieties. In this research, according to combined years
chickpea genotypes were statistically different from each other
for all of the characteristics. Plant height, main branch number,
pod number per plant, seed number per plant, 100-seed weight,
seed yield changed from 67.2 to 75.1cm, from 5.9 to 8.4
number, from 33.2 to 58.9 number, from 35.4 to 60.1 number,
from 35.3 to 38.2 g, from 1876.3 to 2770.2 kg ha-1
respectively. As a result FLIP 00-39 and FLIP 01-54 lines
should be suggested for winter chickpea grown in
Mediterranean environmental conditions.

37. DETERMINING THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SOME WINTER
CHICKPEA GENOTYPES IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE CONDITIONS

38. Chickpea genetic resources to enhance production in
changing climatic scenario