immunohistochemistry is a combined histological , immunological and biochemical technique used for the identification of specific tissue components by means of specific antigen/antibody reactions.

1. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Asif Nawaz
Mphill Microbiology
(AUST)

3.  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most common
application of immunostaining.
 immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based
method to detect a specific protein in a sample.The
term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to
the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections,
as first described by Albert Coons in 1941
 Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the
diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found
in cancerous tumors.

4.  Immunohistochemistry is an important tool
for scientific research and diagnosIs which
are not determinable analysis with
hematoxylin and eosin.
The hematoxylin stains cell nuclei blue, and
eosin stains the extracellular matrix and
cytoplasm pink, with other structures taking
on different shades.

5. Phases:
 The technique comprises two phases:
 (1) slide preparation (primary antibody incubation,)
 2.interpretation of the obtained expression
The selection of antibodies for the
immunohistochemical testing is
made on the basis of their tumor
specificity.

9. Mouse brain slice stained by
immunohistochemistry

11. Importance:.
Disease diagnosis:
diagnose benign or malignant tumor
Stage & grade of tumor
Origin of metastasis
Example:
Diagnosis of lung and prostate
cancer