Introduction Types Characteristics of Biopolymer Applications Conclusion References Biopolymers are polymers produced from natural sources either chemically synthesized from a biological material or entirely biosynthesized by living organisms.

2. Contents:
Introduction
Types
Characteristics of Biopolymer
Applications
Conclusion
References

3. What are biopolymers? :
▪ Biopolymers are polymers produced from natural sources either
chemically synthesized from a biological material or entirely
biosynthesized by living organisms.
▪ Biopolymers include the polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, the
carbohydrate polymers produced by bacteria and fungi and animal
protein-based biopolymers such as wool, silk, gelatin and collagen

4. ▪ The term "polymer" derives from the ancient Greek
word polus, meaning "many, much" and meros
meaning "parts", and refers to a molecule whose
structure is composed of multiple repeating units.
▪ The term was coined in 1833 by Jons Jacob Berzelius.

7. :
PACKAGING SECTOR:
BIOBAGS-
▪ Made up of cornstarch, biodegradable and compostable bio polyester and vegetable
oil and it is 100% biodegradable. •
AGRICULTURE SECTOR:
▪ Containers such as biodegradable plant pots and disposable containers and bags,
fertilizers and chemical storage bags.
Applications;:

8. :
AUTOMOBILE SECTOR:
▪ Natural fibers resubstituted for glass fibers as reinforcement materials in plastic
parts of commercial vehicles and their waste products can be composted.
MEDICAL SECTOR:
▪ Biopolymer for ocular vascular orthopedic skin adhesive and surgical glues. Many
biomaterials like heart valve replacement and blood vessels are made up of Teflon
and poly urethane.
Applications;:

13. Applications In Wound Healing
▪ Wound is a major health concerns due to complications form co-
morbidities such as diabetes or infection.
▪ Natural polymer of Biopolymer are organic molecules synthesized by the
living organisms.
▪ Usage of polymer as wound care material has a wide scope due to their
excellent properties of biocompatibility, ability to support cell growth,
regenerative potential, biodegradability and durability.

14. ▪ Nano materials for polymer modification bring a breakthrough in recent
years. The advantage of natural or synthetic polymer with food
packaging materials, mechanical strength, flexibility, heat resistance,
barrier properties, and other properties have been effectively improved.
▪ In food packaging, there are starch nano composite materials from
which starch / montmorillonite nano composite film, cellulose nano
composite materials, protein nano composite materials and poly lactic
acid nano composite materials were prepared. As a food packaging
material, it can also improve the antimicrobial effect of packaging,
mechanical strength, flexibility, heat resistance and barrier properties,
etc
Food packing material with safety

15. ▪ Polymers have vertical uses in medical industry from the preparation of
polycaprolactone and glycolic acid. Multy purpose of products basing on
glycolic acid, lactic acid and other materials, including poly (dioxanone),
poly(trim ethylene carbonate) copolymers, and poly(-caprolactone)
homopolymers and copolymers have been wildly used as medical
devices.
▪ As cellulose, starches, natural rubber and DNA are biodegradable and
bioresorbable to support the reconstruction of a new tissue without
inflammation are included in the widely variety of polymers
Medical industry

16. :
▪ Inert
▪ Permeability
▪ Non toxicity
▪ Mechanical strength
▪ Controlled rate of degradation
▪ Tensile strength
▪ Bio compatibility
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOPOLYMERS;:

17. :
▪ They are carbon neutral and can always be renewed and are sustainable as they
are composed of living materials.
▪ These polymers can reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere and also decrease
carbon emissions. It is because bio-degradation of these chemical compounds
can release carbon dioxide that can be re- absorbed by crops grown as a
substitute in their place.
▪ It is also compostable which means there is less chance of environmental
pollution from this compound. This is one of the primary advantages of this
chemical compound.
▪ They reduce dependency on non-renewable fossil fuels and are easily
biodegradable and can decrease air pollution.
▪ It greatly reduces the harmful effect of plastic use on the environment. Long
term use of biopolymer use will limit the use of fossil fuel.
Environmental Benefits:

18. :
▪ Most of the biopolymers are not commercially viable due to their
higher cost.
▪ Biopolymers are too unstable for long term industrial use and
consumes more energy.
▪ They do not possess the strength and storage comparable to that of
the conventional polymers.
▪ Trauma and death of marine species resulting from slow degradation
of biodegradable plastic products in marine environments is caused.
▪ Soil and crop degradation resulting from the use of compost that
may have unacceptably high organic and or metal contaminants.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS :

19. Types Of Biopolymers :
▪ There are four main types of biopolymer based respectively on:
1. Starch
2. Sugar
3. Cellulose
4. Synthetic materials

20. Starch based polymers :
▪ Starch is a particular form of carbohydrate and is a
biopolymer of anhydro glucose units linked by
α→4 linkages.
▪ Starch acts as a natural polymer and can be obtained
from wheat, tapioca, maize and potatoes. It is composed
of glucose and can be obtained by melting starch. This
polymer is not present in animal tissues.

21. ▪ SOURCE:
▪ Tapioca, corn, wheat and potatoes.
▪ USES
▪ It is used for molding process.

22. Starch based polymers :

23. Sugar based biopolymers
:
▪ Sugar form the starting materials for these polymers.
▪ Polylactides are resistant to water and can be manufactured by
methods like vacuum forming, blowing and injection molding.
▪ Two types of poly hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers have been
developed, namely poly hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly hydro
xyvalerate (PHV).
SOURCE:
▪ Potatoes, maize, wheat and sugar beet.
USES:
▪ It is used as surgical implants.

24. Cellulose based biopolymers :
▪ This polymer is composed of glucose and is the primary constituent of plant
cellular walls.
SOURCE:
▪ Natural resources like cotton, wood, wheat and corn.
USES:
▪ Packing cigarettes, CDS and confectionary.
▪ Cellulose, the most abundant biological material on Earth, is also composed of
glucose monomers but joined by beta glycosidic bonds, giving it a straighter
shape that packs closely and provides mechanical strength in wood [38]. The
remarkable strength of wood is due to cellulose which is a long chain of linked
sugar molecules. Plant cell walls, which are the basic building block for textiles
and paper, also have 58 Recent Advances in Biopolymers cellulose as main
component. The purest natural form of cellulose is cotton which is used in many
textile applications.

25. :
▪ Cellulose has been excessively used in the form of nanofibrils.
▪ Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or nanocellulose is typically
generated by mechanical grinding or high-pressure fluidization
of cellulose to remove its lignin content.
▪ CNF consists of very thin (5–20 nm) and long (several µm)
fibrils with high aspect ratio. At low concentrations, it forms a
transparent gel-like material which can be used for producing
biodegradable and environmentally safe, homogeneous, and
dense films for various applications, especially in biomedical
field.

26. :

27. :
▪ Synthetic compounds derived from petroleum can also be a starting
point for biodegradable polymers, e.g. aliphatic aromatic polyesters.
▪ These polymers have technical properties resembling those of
polyethylene (LDPE). Although these polymers are produced from
synthetic starting materials, they are fully biodegradable and
compostable.
▪ The relatively high price of biodegradable polymers of synthetic
substances, e.g. aliphatic aromatic polyesters has prevented them
from reaching a large scale market. The best known application is
for making substrate mats.
Synthetic based biopolymers :