With modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of
diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the
petroleum reserves are scarce nowadays, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles.
Work has been done in using a lot of bio-fuels, the fuels obtained from plant to be used in IC engines
which have an even added advantage of lower emissions compared to that of diesel and gasoline. In the
present investigation Pine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under homogeneous
charge compression ignition compression combustion mode
Effect of Injection Pressure on Performance of Dual Fuel Diesel EngineDr.Tarigonda HariPrasad
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable
alternative fuel that can be used as a replacement for diesel in
diesel engine. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is considered
to be one of the most promising alternative fuels. LPG can
replace petrol and also it reduces NOx, soot and particulate
matter. Therefore, it is more inexpensive and of ecological
advantage to use gaseous fuel in diesel engines approved for
the dual fuel concept. The fuel injection pressure is one of the
important operating parameters which affect atomization of
fuel and mixture formation and hence it determines the
performance and emissions of a diesel engine. There will be a
decrease in the particle diameter due to increase in the fuel
injection pressure and it leads the diesel fuel spray to
vaporize quickly. However, with decreasing fuel particles
their inertia will also decrease and for this reason fuel can not
penetrate deeply into the combustion chamber. The objective
of this study was to use palm oil methyl ester (POME) as
pilot fuel in dual fuel engine so as to find out the effects of
injection pressure on emissions and engine performance in a
diesel engine. Injection pressure was changed from 190 bar to
230 bar in experiment. A single cylinder diesel engine was
tailored to operate in dual fuel mode. In dual fuel mode, LPG
was used as primary fuel and (POME) was used as pilot fuel.
Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with
POME and its LPG blends for an injection pressure of
190bar, 210bar and 230bar. The performance of the diesel is
studied on the dual fuel engine using LPG fuel along with
POME. The highest brake thermal efficiency of diesel with
2LPM LPG blend is obtained for an injection pressure of
210bar and that for Palm oil Methyl ester blend with LPG at
2LPM, highest brake thermal efficiency is obtained for
230bar. Low emissions and high brake thermal efficiency of
diesel engine with LPG blend for pure diesel are obtained at
an injection pressure of 210bar and that for bio-diesel with
LPG blends at an injection pressure of 230bar
Performance and emission analysis in four stroke diesel engine using biodiese...IRJASH
In the present world it is essential to find an alternate fuel source due to the increased industrialization and depletion in natural resources. The method of obtaining biodiesel from various sources and blending them with diesel is adopted in many economically developed and developing countries around the world. This paper investigates the utilization of Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME) blends with diesel in CI engine. The performance and emission characteristics of pongamia with diesel with B40 could substitute in the place of pure diesel and be used as an alternate source of fuel in the near future, thus saving the natural resources for the future generation. Performance parameter like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency, brake power is evaluated.
Key words: Biodiesel, Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME), CI engine.
An Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of LPG as Dual Fue...IJERA Editor
The usage of diesel engine generating set (Gen set) increasing day by day where the places without connection
to power grid or emergency power supply when the grid fails. Worldwide dual fuel engines are becoming
popular because of high performance and low emissions. LPG with diesel is a proven technology in case of
vehicles, but in diesel engine power plants it is far so.
The proposed work is concentrated on higher load of Diesel Engine Generator with LPG as dual fuel by keeping
environmental concern. A test is conducted on performance of engine along with emissions at different
proportions of Diesel and LPG including 100% diesel. An experimental set up is made with simple
modifications on existing genset to supply LPG as secondary fuel into Diesel.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)IOSR Journals
In the present study, a twin cylinder 4-stroke dual fuel diesel engine is tested using diesel, K10 (10
% neat oil + 90% diesel) and K20 (20% neat oil + 80% diesel) with woody biomass producer gas. The test is
performed using the above test fuels in dual fuel mode at different gas flow rates under a constant load of 10
kW. This work demonstrates the effect of gas flow rates and neat oil blends on performance, emission and pilot
fuel savings of the test engine. It is observed that with increase in gas flow rates for all test fuels, performance
parameters like brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) increases,
whereas brake thermal efficiency decreases. The emission parameters like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and
carbon dioxide values are increases. However, the oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emission parameters are
decreases with increase in gas flow rates. Similarly, in comparing between liquid fuels, with increase in blend
percentage, BSEC and EGT increases compared to diesel. The BTE is the reverse case of BSEC. In case of
blended fuels, all the above mentioned emission parameters shows lower values compared to diesel. The highest pilot fuel savings occurs in case of diesel, K10 and K20 are. 56%, 54% and 52% respectively at highest gas flow rates.
Effect of Injection Pressure on Performance of Dual Fuel Diesel EngineDr.Tarigonda HariPrasad
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable
alternative fuel that can be used as a replacement for diesel in
diesel engine. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is considered
to be one of the most promising alternative fuels. LPG can
replace petrol and also it reduces NOx, soot and particulate
matter. Therefore, it is more inexpensive and of ecological
advantage to use gaseous fuel in diesel engines approved for
the dual fuel concept. The fuel injection pressure is one of the
important operating parameters which affect atomization of
fuel and mixture formation and hence it determines the
performance and emissions of a diesel engine. There will be a
decrease in the particle diameter due to increase in the fuel
injection pressure and it leads the diesel fuel spray to
vaporize quickly. However, with decreasing fuel particles
their inertia will also decrease and for this reason fuel can not
penetrate deeply into the combustion chamber. The objective
of this study was to use palm oil methyl ester (POME) as
pilot fuel in dual fuel engine so as to find out the effects of
injection pressure on emissions and engine performance in a
diesel engine. Injection pressure was changed from 190 bar to
230 bar in experiment. A single cylinder diesel engine was
tailored to operate in dual fuel mode. In dual fuel mode, LPG
was used as primary fuel and (POME) was used as pilot fuel.
Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with
POME and its LPG blends for an injection pressure of
190bar, 210bar and 230bar. The performance of the diesel is
studied on the dual fuel engine using LPG fuel along with
POME. The highest brake thermal efficiency of diesel with
2LPM LPG blend is obtained for an injection pressure of
210bar and that for Palm oil Methyl ester blend with LPG at
2LPM, highest brake thermal efficiency is obtained for
230bar. Low emissions and high brake thermal efficiency of
diesel engine with LPG blend for pure diesel are obtained at
an injection pressure of 210bar and that for bio-diesel with
LPG blends at an injection pressure of 230bar
Performance and emission analysis in four stroke diesel engine using biodiese...IRJASH
In the present world it is essential to find an alternate fuel source due to the increased industrialization and depletion in natural resources. The method of obtaining biodiesel from various sources and blending them with diesel is adopted in many economically developed and developing countries around the world. This paper investigates the utilization of Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME) blends with diesel in CI engine. The performance and emission characteristics of pongamia with diesel with B40 could substitute in the place of pure diesel and be used as an alternate source of fuel in the near future, thus saving the natural resources for the future generation. Performance parameter like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency, brake power is evaluated.
Key words: Biodiesel, Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME), CI engine.
An Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of LPG as Dual Fue...IJERA Editor
The usage of diesel engine generating set (Gen set) increasing day by day where the places without connection
to power grid or emergency power supply when the grid fails. Worldwide dual fuel engines are becoming
popular because of high performance and low emissions. LPG with diesel is a proven technology in case of
vehicles, but in diesel engine power plants it is far so.
The proposed work is concentrated on higher load of Diesel Engine Generator with LPG as dual fuel by keeping
environmental concern. A test is conducted on performance of engine along with emissions at different
proportions of Diesel and LPG including 100% diesel. An experimental set up is made with simple
modifications on existing genset to supply LPG as secondary fuel into Diesel.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
A. Functional composites C. Elastic properties C. Finite element analysis (FEA)IOSR Journals
In the present study, a twin cylinder 4-stroke dual fuel diesel engine is tested using diesel, K10 (10
% neat oil + 90% diesel) and K20 (20% neat oil + 80% diesel) with woody biomass producer gas. The test is
performed using the above test fuels in dual fuel mode at different gas flow rates under a constant load of 10
kW. This work demonstrates the effect of gas flow rates and neat oil blends on performance, emission and pilot
fuel savings of the test engine. It is observed that with increase in gas flow rates for all test fuels, performance
parameters like brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) increases,
whereas brake thermal efficiency decreases. The emission parameters like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and
carbon dioxide values are increases. However, the oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emission parameters are
decreases with increase in gas flow rates. Similarly, in comparing between liquid fuels, with increase in blend
percentage, BSEC and EGT increases compared to diesel. The BTE is the reverse case of BSEC. In case of
blended fuels, all the above mentioned emission parameters shows lower values compared to diesel. The highest pilot fuel savings occurs in case of diesel, K10 and K20 are. 56%, 54% and 52% respectively at highest gas flow rates.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Experimental Investigation of Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Met...IJMER
In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an
outcome, fuels like methanol may present a sustainable solution as it can be produced from a wide
range of carbon based feedstock. The present investigation evaluates methanol as a diesel engine fuel.
The objectives of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a
twin cylinder diesel engine that are using Methanol & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are
available in the market. This report describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which
is to analyze the emission characteristics and fuel consumption of diesel engine due to usage of the
both fuels. Detail studies about the experimental setup and components have been done before the
experiment started. Data that are required for the analysis is observed from the experiments.
Calculations and analysis have been done after all the required data needed for the thesis is obtained.
The experiment used diesel engine with no load which means no load exerted on it. A four stroke Twin
cylinder diesel engine was adopted to study the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy
consumption, and emissions at zero load & full load with the fuel of methanol. In this study, the diesel
engine was tested using 100% methanol. By the end of the report, the successful of the project have
been started which is Diesel engine is able to run with Methanol but the engine needs to run by using
diesel fuel first, then followed by methanol and finished with diesel fuel as the last fuel usage before the
engine turned off. The performance of the engine using Methanol fuel compared to the performance of
engine with diesel fuel. Experimental results of Methanol and Diesel fuel are also compared.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
Experimental investigation of ethanol blends with gasoline on SI engineIJERA Editor
Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. But the future of automobile based on internal combustion engines has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10% 20% and 30% of ethanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with ethanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption showed comparable performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.
Experimental Investication of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce now days, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard karanja and jatropha seed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of karanja oil and jatropha oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of karanja oil(50%) and jatropha oil(50%) blend by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of Multi Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine at different brake power outputs, and then compared with that of diesel.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
Performance and emission characteristics of al2 o3 coated lhr engine operated...eSAT Journals
Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable and environmental friendly alternative fuel which can be used as a substitute for diesel in compression engine. Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats. But the application of biodiesel in diesel engine will decrease the engine’s efficiency and increase the specific fuel consumption. Application of ceramic coatings in engine will help to solve these problems. This paper presents the experimental results of mahua oil biodiesel blend in an Al2O3 ceramic coated compression ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen emissions of both diesel and mahua oil biodiesel blend were measured before and after coating and the results are described in this paper. Keywords: Mahua oil, biodiesel, ceramic coating, low heat rejection.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Performance Analysis of Small Sized Engine with Supercharger using Gasoline -...ijsrd.com
This paper determines whether the mechanical action of a supercharger improves engine performance. Full power is needed only for accelerating and hill-climbing during the remainder of the time the excess weight of the engine and other parts must be carried at a loss of efficiency. That smaller engine can be used advantageously when equipped with superchargers, the supercharger being used only when excess power is required. Supercharger capable of generating the more power from given capacity of the engine. With edition to that ethanol helps in controlling the some parameter affected by the ethanol and decreasing the exhaust emission. Experiments carried out at low speed of 1500 rpm for different performance characteristics. Paper includes Curves and tables are given to show the results of comparative tests with and without a supercharger.
Education set for collecting and visualizing data using sensor system based ...IJMER
This article presents the issues of the wireless sensor measuring systems design which might
be used in education process of computer science faculty. The work shows the integration of a simple
measuring system, data management system, visual system and the hardware. Education set is designed
to consolidate knowledge in many fields of computer science and the interdependence between them, as
programming techniques, database, Web server, communications protocols, software and hardware.
Presented measuring sensor system consists of a number of measurement nodes, whose role is to
provide information about certain desirable characteristics, warning against natural hazards or
violation of the physical safety. An important part of the sensor system is a measuring subsystem and
the collecting measurement data subsystem. The article presents the temperature measurement sensor
system concepts and measurement data storage and visualization methods
MK-Prototypes: A Novel Algorithm for Clustering Mixed Type Data IJMER
Clustering mixed type data is one of the major research topics in the area of data mining. In
this paper, a new algorithm for clustering mixed type data is proposed where the concept of distribution
centroid is used to represent the prototype of categorical variables in a cluster which is then combined
with the mean to represent the prototype of clusters with mixed type variables. In the method, data is
observed from different views and the variables are grouped into different views. Those instances that
can be viewed differently from different viewpoints can be defined as multiview data. During clustering
process the differences among views are ignored in usual cases. Here, both views and variables weights
are computed simultaneously. The view weight is used to determine the closeness or density of view and
variable weight is used to identify the significance of each variable. With the intention of determining
the cluster of objects both these weights are used in the distance function. In the proposed method,
enhancement to the k-prototypes is done so that it automatically computes both view and variable
weights. The proposed algorithm MK-Prototypes algorithm is compared with two other clustering
algorithms.
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
Experimental Investigation of Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Met...IJMER
In view of increasing pressure on crude oil reserves and environmental degradation as an
outcome, fuels like methanol may present a sustainable solution as it can be produced from a wide
range of carbon based feedstock. The present investigation evaluates methanol as a diesel engine fuel.
The objectives of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a
twin cylinder diesel engine that are using Methanol & compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are
available in the market. This report describes the setups and the procedures for the experiment which
is to analyze the emission characteristics and fuel consumption of diesel engine due to usage of the
both fuels. Detail studies about the experimental setup and components have been done before the
experiment started. Data that are required for the analysis is observed from the experiments.
Calculations and analysis have been done after all the required data needed for the thesis is obtained.
The experiment used diesel engine with no load which means no load exerted on it. A four stroke Twin
cylinder diesel engine was adopted to study the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy
consumption, and emissions at zero load & full load with the fuel of methanol. In this study, the diesel
engine was tested using 100% methanol. By the end of the report, the successful of the project have
been started which is Diesel engine is able to run with Methanol but the engine needs to run by using
diesel fuel first, then followed by methanol and finished with diesel fuel as the last fuel usage before the
engine turned off. The performance of the engine using Methanol fuel compared to the performance of
engine with diesel fuel. Experimental results of Methanol and Diesel fuel are also compared.
Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission and Combustion Character...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is necessary
and a need of the hour. Rice bran oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a high potential
to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of mahua oil cannot be done, as its
viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics. The mahua oil is
esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions.
The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion temperature in diesel engines
has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature can increase the efficiency of
the engine. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success in diesel engine applications because of
various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical properties of the coating materials. Although,
the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the application of ceramic coatings can be as high
as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of 650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder
temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions
at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here the effort has been made to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of MOME blend with diesel in conventional
engine and LHR engine.
Experimental investigation of ethanol blends with gasoline on SI engineIJERA Editor
Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. But the future of automobile based on internal combustion engines has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10% 20% and 30% of ethanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with ethanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption showed comparable performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.
Experimental Investication of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteri...ijsrd.com
Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce now days, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard karanja and jatropha seed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of karanja oil and jatropha oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of karanja oil(50%) and jatropha oil(50%) blend by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of Multi Cylinder Four Stroke Compressed Ignition Engine at different brake power outputs, and then compared with that of diesel.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
Performance and emission characteristics of al2 o3 coated lhr engine operated...eSAT Journals
Abstract Biodiesel is a renewable and environmental friendly alternative fuel which can be used as a substitute for diesel in compression engine. Biodiesel can be prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats. But the application of biodiesel in diesel engine will decrease the engine’s efficiency and increase the specific fuel consumption. Application of ceramic coatings in engine will help to solve these problems. This paper presents the experimental results of mahua oil biodiesel blend in an Al2O3 ceramic coated compression ignition engine. The brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen emissions of both diesel and mahua oil biodiesel blend were measured before and after coating and the results are described in this paper. Keywords: Mahua oil, biodiesel, ceramic coating, low heat rejection.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Performance Analysis of Small Sized Engine with Supercharger using Gasoline -...ijsrd.com
This paper determines whether the mechanical action of a supercharger improves engine performance. Full power is needed only for accelerating and hill-climbing during the remainder of the time the excess weight of the engine and other parts must be carried at a loss of efficiency. That smaller engine can be used advantageously when equipped with superchargers, the supercharger being used only when excess power is required. Supercharger capable of generating the more power from given capacity of the engine. With edition to that ethanol helps in controlling the some parameter affected by the ethanol and decreasing the exhaust emission. Experiments carried out at low speed of 1500 rpm for different performance characteristics. Paper includes Curves and tables are given to show the results of comparative tests with and without a supercharger.
Education set for collecting and visualizing data using sensor system based ...IJMER
This article presents the issues of the wireless sensor measuring systems design which might
be used in education process of computer science faculty. The work shows the integration of a simple
measuring system, data management system, visual system and the hardware. Education set is designed
to consolidate knowledge in many fields of computer science and the interdependence between them, as
programming techniques, database, Web server, communications protocols, software and hardware.
Presented measuring sensor system consists of a number of measurement nodes, whose role is to
provide information about certain desirable characteristics, warning against natural hazards or
violation of the physical safety. An important part of the sensor system is a measuring subsystem and
the collecting measurement data subsystem. The article presents the temperature measurement sensor
system concepts and measurement data storage and visualization methods
MK-Prototypes: A Novel Algorithm for Clustering Mixed Type Data IJMER
Clustering mixed type data is one of the major research topics in the area of data mining. In
this paper, a new algorithm for clustering mixed type data is proposed where the concept of distribution
centroid is used to represent the prototype of categorical variables in a cluster which is then combined
with the mean to represent the prototype of clusters with mixed type variables. In the method, data is
observed from different views and the variables are grouped into different views. Those instances that
can be viewed differently from different viewpoints can be defined as multiview data. During clustering
process the differences among views are ignored in usual cases. Here, both views and variables weights
are computed simultaneously. The view weight is used to determine the closeness or density of view and
variable weight is used to identify the significance of each variable. With the intention of determining
the cluster of objects both these weights are used in the distance function. In the proposed method,
enhancement to the k-prototypes is done so that it automatically computes both view and variable
weights. The proposed algorithm MK-Prototypes algorithm is compared with two other clustering
algorithms.
Vibration control of newly designed Tool and Tool-Holder for internal treadi...IJMER
Machining processes are manufacturing methods for ensuring processing quality, usually within
relatively short periods and at low cost. Several machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, work
piece material, and cutting tool geometry have significant effects on the process quality. Many researchers have
studied the impact of these factors. The cutting tool overhang affects the surface quality, especially during the
internal turning process, but this has not been reviewed much [9].
Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart CampusIJMER
A network which connects a bunch of distributed low-power sensor nodes together, with each node dedicated to a predefined operation can be visualized as a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
An Experimental Analysis of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteris...IJMER
The use of biodiesel, the methyl esters of vegetable oils are becoming popular due to their
low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine. With this objective,
the present work has focused on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using
rice bran oil and its blends with diesel. In this investigation, the blends of varying proportions of rice
bran biodiesel with diesel (RB20, RB40, RB60, RB80 & RB100) were prepared, analyzed, and compared
the performance and exhaust emission with diesel using 5.2 kW Single cylinder, 4stroke diesel engine.
The performance and emission characteristics of blends are evaluated at variable loads and constant
rated speed of 1500 rpm and found that the performance of RB20 blend of rice bran oil gives result, that
is near to the diesel and also found that the emission CO, CO2, HC, smoke & NOX of this blend is less
than the diesel.
The usual star, left-star, right-star, plus order, minus order and Lowner ordering have been
generalized to bimatrices. Also it is shown that all these orderings are partial orderings in bimatrices.
The relationship between star partial order and minus partial order of bimatrices and their squares are
examined.
Design and Development of Gate Signal for 36 Volt 1000Hz Three Phase InverterIJMER
The sinusoidal PWM gating signals generation is most popular PWM method, which reduce
harmonic reduction in output. SPWM can be generated by FPGA, micro controller and micro processor but
this kind of device needs programming and coding hence avoided in using power system of aircraft. This
paper present an experiment using SPWM method to generate 1000 Hz gating signals suitable for 36 Volt ,
1000 Hz, 3 phase, three wire supply. Discrete components design approach is chosen to provide noise
immunity at higher amplitude level of signal and a large flexibility to adjust and process various operating
parameters of signals. The circuit is proved with commercial components however MIL version of
components can be easily incorporated in design in later stage
Effective DevOps - Pittsburgh Techfest 2016Jennifer Davis
How is this for the abstract for the keynote:
DevOps is a cultural movement that changes how we look at work, values the diversity of work done, supports acceleration of realized value, and measures the effect of social and technical change. How do we harness this very powerful force to instill or perpetuate behavior, systems, and culture within an organization? This talk will explore the underlying foundation of devops, demonstrate the framing of a narrative, and stories as a catalyst for positive change.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Si...IJMER
Diesel is a fossil fuel that is getting depleted at a fast rate. So an alternative fuel is
necessary and a need of the hour. simarouba oil, which is cultivated in India at large scales, has a
high potential to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. Direct use of simarouba oil cannot
be done, as its viscosity is more than the diesel fuel, and hence affects the combustion characteristics.
The simarouba oil is esterified to reduce the viscosity and it is blended with diesel on volume basis in
different proportions. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to increase the combustion
temperature in diesel engines has been pursued for over 20 years. Increased combustion temperature
can increase the efficiency of the engine, decrease. However, TBCs have not yet met with wide success
in diesel engine applications because of various problems associated with the thermo-mechanical
properties of the coating materials. Although, the in-cylinder temperatures that can be achieved by the
application of ceramic coatings can be as high as 850-9000C compared to current temperatures of
650-7000C. The increase in the in-cylinder temperatures helped in better release of energy in the case
of biodiesel fuels thereby reducing emissions at, almost the same performance as the diesel fuel. Here
the effort has been made to determine the performance and emission characteristics of SOME blend
with diesel in conventional engine and LHR engine
Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Multicylinder Diesel ...ijsrd.com
Continuous rise in the conventional fuel prices and shortage of its supply have increased the interest in the field of the alternative sources for petroleum fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative source which provides advantage of pollution control. In the present work, experimentation is carried out to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Rice-Bran biodiesel and diesel. In this experiment a multi cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspired, direct injection, water cooled, eddy current dynamometer, TATA Indica V2 diesel engine is used at variable speed condition. Crude oil is converted into biodiesel and characterization has been done. The experiment is conducted at variable speed condition. The engine performance parameters studied were brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency. The emission characteristics studied are CO, CO2, UBHC, mean gas temperature, exhaust gas temperature and smoke opacity. The combustion characteristics studied are cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and rate of pressure rise. These results are compared to those of pure diesel. These results are again compared to the corresponding results of the diesel. From the graph it has been observed that, there is a reduction in performance, combustion characteristics and emission characteristics compared to the diesel. This is mainly due to lower calorific value, higher viscosity, lower mean gas temperature and delayed combustion process. The present experimental results show that Rice-Bran biodiesel can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a C.I. Engine Fuelled with Diffe...idescitation
In this research work, waste mustard biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as alternative
fuels for diesel engines were studied. An experimental investigation has been carried out to
evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with waste
mustard biodiesel-diesel blends (10%, 15% and 20%) and important fuel properties have
also been determined. The performance parameters analyzed include brake power, brake
thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature whereas
exhaust emissions include unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides
of nitrogen (NO x). The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline
data of diesel fuel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance
parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The waste mustard biodiesel-diesel
fuel blends were tested in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Engine
performance and exhaust emissions were measured while the engine running at no, part and
full load condition. This paper investigates the scope of utilizing waste mustard oil blends
with diesel fuel. It concluded that B10 blend of waste mustard biodiesel act as best
alternative fuel among all tested fuel at full load condition. The objective of the present
research was to explore technical feasibility of waste mustard oil in direct injection C.I.
engine without any substantial modifications in the engine design..
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully
understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation.
Biodiesel was made by the well-known transesterification process. Waste cottonseed oil was selected for
biodiesel production. Three different blends of biodiesel were prepared i.e. B10, B20 and B30. These three
blends were fuelled in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine. A maximum of 77% biodiesel was produced
with 20% methanol in presence of 0.5% sodium hydroxide. Different parameters for the optimization of
biodiesel production were investigated in the first phase of this study, while in the next phase of the study
performance test of a diesel engine with neat diesel fuel and biodiesel mixtures are to be carried out. The
performance characteristics like brake power (B.P.), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake
thermal efficiency. This performance was then compared with that of petro diesel.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
ML for identifying fraud using open blockchain data.pptx
Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss.7| July. 2014 | 63|
Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil Dr. Hiregoudar Yerrennagoudaru 1, Chandragowda M 2, Manjunath K3, Manjunath k J 4 1Professor and PG Co-ordinator (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India 2ASST Professor and PROJECT Co-ordinator (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India 3ASST Professor (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India 4 M.Tech (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India,
I. INTRODUCTION
Since the inception of industrial revolution in eighteenth century, the search for portable prime movers to run machines for both industrial and transportation purpose became intense. Steam engines took a lead role in the beginning, but could not pass the test of time as they were bulky, less efficient and required huge quantity of low energy density solid fuels like coal. In the later part of nineteenth century, diesel engine was invented. Since then these engines have become an integral part of modern human civilization and mostly replaced the steam engines which became obsolete. These engines are extensively used worldwide for transportation, decentralized power generation, agricultural applications and industrial sectors because of their high fuel conversion efficiency, ruggedness and relatively easy operation [1,2]. These wide fields of global usage of diesel engines lead to ever increasing demand of petroleum derived fuels. Petroleum fuels are exhaustible sources of energy and hence an over reliability on these fuels is not sustainable in long run. Besides, the rising crude oil prices and increasing pollution due to excessive use of these engines is another grey area. The exhaust emissions of diesel engines, particularly soot, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide are extremely harmful to natural environment and living beings [3].Projections for the 30-year period from 1990 to 2020 indicate that vehicle travel, and consequently fossil-fuel demand, will almost triple worldwide and the resulting emissions will pose a serious problem [4].
Abstract: With modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce nowadays, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. Work has been done in using a lot of bio-fuels, the fuels obtained from plant to be used in IC engines which have an even added advantage of lower emissions compared to that of diesel and gasoline. In the present investigation Pine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under homogeneous charge compression ignition compression combustion mode
The engine chosen to experiment is a single cylinder Direct ignition diesel engine and modified in such a way to, ignite Pine in a diesel engine under HCCI mode As the Pine has a higher self ignition temperature the ignition of Pine in regular diesel engines with auto-ignition is not possible. Hence, suitable modification is made in the engine to ignite Pine in a diesel engine like diesel fuel. The modified engine has Engine control module controlled fuel spray and an air pre-heater in the suction side of the engine. The combined effort of adiabatic compression and supply of preheated air ignites pine by auto- ignition and its timing of ignition is precisely controlled by changing intake air temperature .Pine oil has been used in direct injection Compression ignition engine as an alternate fuel has similar properties as that of diesel. This investigation revealed that the engine operated with pine performed well with little loss of brake thermal efficiency. Thereafter, the properties of the pine oil obtained are studied and represented in a graphical form.
Keywords: Diesel, Pine oil, Performance, Emissions.
2. Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil
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The engine chosen to experiment is a single cylinder DI (Direct ignition) diesel engine and modified in such a way to, ignite pine oil in a diesel engine under HCCI mode As the pine oil has a higher self ignition temperature the ignition of pine oil in regular diesel engines with auto-ignition is not possible. Hence, suitable modification is made in the engine to ignite pine oil in a diesel engine like diesel fuel. The modified engine has ECM (Engine control module) controlled fuel spray and an air pre-heater in the suction side of the engine. The combined effort of adiabatic compression and supply of preheated air ignites pine oil by auto- ignition and its timing of ignition is precisely controlled by changing intake air temperature. pine oil has been used in direct injection CI (Compression ignition) engine as an alternate fuel has similar properties as that of diesel. This investigation revealed that the engine operated with pine oil performed well with little loss of brake thermal efficiency. Thereafter, the properties of the pine oil obtained are studied and represented in a graphical form Pine oil was used in early engines without any modification. The abundant availability of petro-fuels had stopped the usage of pine oil in I.C. engines. But the increasing cost of petro-fuel prevailing today reopens the utility of pine oil in I.C. engine. pine oil can be used in diesel engine as pine oil and diesel blend or duel fuel mode. Using pine oil in duel fuel mode in diesel engine the CO and UHBC emissions are slightly higher than diesel base line and NOx emission is found to be almost same. The gaseous fuels are used in duel fuel mode in IC engines. Since gaseous fuels have high auto-ignition temperature, they can’t be used directly in CI engines easily. Hence they are normally used in DF mode. The dual fuel engine us the modified diesel engine in which usually a gaseous fuel called the primary fuel is inducted with air. The gaseous fuel-air mixture is then compressed but doesn’t auto-ignite as it has a high self-ignition temperature. A small amount of diesel usually called the pilot, is injected as in a normal diesel engine, near the end of the compression stroke. The pilot diesel fuel auto ignites and acts as a spark or source for the ignition of the primary fuel-air mixture. The combustion of gaseous fuel occurs due to the flame that propagates through. Thus the dual fuel mode combines the feature of CI and SI engine. Fuel injection is the part of CI engine and the compression of charge and propagation of flame is the part of SI engine.In the present work we are designing an apparatus for pine oil which can be inducted into the direct injection CI engine. After that, the properties of the pine oil obtained are represented on graph.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Jalpit B. Prajapati et al [16K] conducted the experiment on single cylinder four-stroke compression ignition engine to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics of Diesel-biodiesel (palm) blends i.e. B0, B10, B20, B30, with load variation from no load to full load and compared with diesel as a fuel with fixed compression ratio i.e. 18. They concluded that B20 is best in performance compare to other blends but NOx formation is also little higher in B20. S.N. Harikrishnan et al [17K] paper presents performance and emission characteristics on single cylinder, four stroke, constant speed, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine using rubber seed oil (RSO) as a fuel. The experimental data for various parameters such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumptions are analyzed and acceptable thermal efficiencies of the engine were obtained with blends containing up to 75% of rubber seed oil biodiesel blend compared to 25%, 50% and 100%. M.Prabhahar et al [18K] This paper present the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder constant speed direct injection diesel engine using neat Pine methyl ester and its diesel blends (PME) such as B20 and B100 at different load conditions. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiency decreased and BSFC increased slightly for Pine methyl ester blends as compared with diesel fuel and also seen that CO and smoke emissions were reduced by about 34% and 25% respectively for B20 at full load but NOx emission was increased about 8.5% for B20 blend. Finally to be Concluding 20% of Pine methyl ester can be used as diesel fuel without any engine modifications.
3. Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil
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III. Objective Of The Project
To study the performance and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine with Pine oil as fuel and it is compared with the base engine.
To study the performance and emissions characteristics of modified piston diesel engine with Pine oil as fuel and it is compared with the base engine.
To measure the level of CO, HC and smoke in the exhaust emissions in the above said engine.
To reduce the CO, HC and smoke level in the exhaust emissions by modifying the piston.
To analyze the exhaust emission. IV. Methodology
The engine used for the experiment is started using diesel fuel and then its performance and emission readings are observed under various load condition.
Selecting suitable Pine oil for double cylinder diesel engine and development of an experimental set-up with necessary instruments to study the performance and emission characteristics.
The admission of Pine oil along with diesel fuel makes the engine run under dual fuel Mode.
Conducting same trail for Pine oil and diesel fuel from zero to full load condition for modified piston diesel engine.
Compare the performance and emission parameters for diesel and Pine oil for both base engine and modified piston diesel engine.
V. Experimental Setup and Engine Specification The experimental test set up as shown in fig 1 and 2 consists of four stroke, constant speed and multi cylinder diesel engine. The engine is oil cooled. The injection timing given by the manufacturer is 27º BTDC, the operating pressure of the fuel injector was set at 1800 bar and the engine speed is 1500rpm.There are number of sensor are used in the engine to measure the fuel and engine parameter and the engine is loaded with water loading as shown in fig 3. Engine specifications as shown in table 2 and table 3 show load bank specification. Fig- 1: Schematic arrangement of Experimental Set-up
Table-1Properties
Sl. No
Properties
Diesel
Pine oil (C11H10BrN5 )
1
Density(kg/m3)
850
950
2
Calorific value (kJ/kg)
46,500
43404.03
3
Kinematic viscosity @ 400C (cst)
3.05
1.04
4
Cetane number
55
4
5
Flash point ºC
52
65
6
Fire point ºC
56
97.6
7
Specific gravity
0.86
0.91
8
Sulphur content (%)
<0.035
-
4. Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil
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Fig -2: Test engine Fig- 3: Water loading
Engine type
Four stroke Two cylinder diesel engine
No. of cylinders
02
Stroke
100 mm
Bore Diameter
87 mm
Engine power
15 KV
Compression ratio
17.5:1
NRPM
1500
Type of starting
Crank starting
Load type
Water loading
Table-2 Test Engine specification
Max. Output
15 KV
Generator type
1 Phase
Amps
63
RPM
1500
PF
0.8
Volts
240
Table-3 Load bank specification VI. Experimental Procedure
Experiments were initially carried out on the engine using diesel as fuel in order to provide base line data.
Initially the engine was started using diesel fuel and allowed to run for few minutes until to reach steady state; the base line data were taken. Load was varied from zero loads to full load conditionusing the water loading and Emissions, smoke and fuel consumption reading were recorded.
The engine was started on duel fuel mode, when engine became sufficiently heated; the supply of diesel was slowly substituted by 100 % Pine oil for which a two way valve was used. Once the engine reaches steady state, the emission, fuel consumption and smoke reading were taken. The same procedure is carried from zero to full load condition. Similarly same procedures were carried for modified piston diesel engine
5. Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil
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VII. Results and Discussion
a) Carbon Monoxide
Figures 4, shows the variation CO level with respect to diesel and Pine oil at different loads. From the graph it is clear that the CO level decreases for conventional pine oil engine and keep on increases for modified engine Figure- 4: Comparison of Carbon monoxide vs Load
b) Brake thermal efficiency
Figure 5, shows the variation of brake thermal efficiency with respect to Pine oil & diesel at different loads. From the graph it is observed that as load increases brake thermal efficiency increases for conventional pine oil and diesel oil engine up to 50% of load and decreases for modified Pine oil engine. Figure- 5: Comparison of Brake thermal efficiency vs Load
c) Specific fuel consumption
From figure-6 it is clear that as the load increases specific fuel consumption decreases up to 50% load and the SFC of Pine oil is less than the diesel for both conventional and modified upto 50% engine load. Figure- 6: Comparison of Brake specific fuel consumption vs Load
6. Performance & emission characteristics of Two Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Diesel & Pine oil
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d) Hydrocarbon
The variation of Hydrocarbon of the engine with diesel & Pine oil is shown in figure 7. It can be seen that there is a higher Hydrocarbon emissions for conventional and modified Pine oil engine at lower loads and emissions keep on decreasing as the engine load increases. Figure- 7: Comparison of HC vs Load VIII. Conclusion and Future Scope Based on the performance and emissions characteristics of Pine oil, it is concluded that the Pine oil shows a good alternative fuel with closer performance and better emission characteristics to that of a diesel. From the above results it is concluded that the Pine oil shows better performance characteristics like Brake thermal efficiency, and decrease in the emission parameters like CO, HC. Hence the 100% Pine oil can be substitute for diesel. The future research directions for scientists or researcher can be done with different engine modification. REFERENCES [1] R K Tripathi, Deepak Kumar and Ajay Kumar (2014).Performance and Emission Evaluation of Indirect Injection Diesel Engines Fuelled with Jatropha Oil.International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology. [2]. Q.A. BAKER ―Use of alcohols in Diesel Fuel Emulsions and Solutions in a Medium Speed Diesel Engine‖ - SAE 810254. [3] Erlandsson.O "Hydrocarbon (HC) Reduction of Exhaust Gases from a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine Using Different Catalytic Mesh-Coatings," SAE. Technical Paper 2000-01-1847, 2000, doi:10.4271/2000-01-1847. [4] Magdi K. Khair "Design and Development of Catalytic Converters for Diesels," SAETechnical Paper 921677, 1992, doi:10.4271/921677. [5] Kenneth T. Menzies "Comparison of Aldehyde Methods," SAE Technical Paper 820965, 1982, doi:10.4271/82096 [6] A.S.Ramadhas, S.Jayaraj, C.Muraleedharan (2004), Characterization and effect of using Pine oil As fuel in the compression ignition engines, Renewable Energy 30 (2005) 795–803 [7] Kulachate Pianthong and Prachasanti Thaiyasuit (2009), Production of Biodiesel from Pine Oil and Its Effects to Engine Performances, International Conference on Energy Security and Climate Change. [8] S.N.Harikrishnan and R.Sabarish (2014). Experimental Analysis of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using Pine Oil, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (6): 709-714, 2014. [9] S.Mahalingam and B.R.RameshBapu (2014). Emission analysis of di-diesel engine at different injection pressures using jatropha and Pine oil blended with diesel, Golden Research Thoughts ISSN 2231-5063. [10] Gaurav Sharma, DevendraDandotiya, S.K.Agrawal (2013),Experimental Investigation of Performance Parameters of Single Cylinder IC Engine Using Mustard Oil, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER). [11] N.Shrivastava, S.N.Varma and M.Pandey (2012), Experimental Study on the Production of Karanja Oil Methyl Ester and Its Effect on Diesel Engine. [12] Narasiman V, Jeyakumar S, Mani M and Guttu Ofgaa 2012, Effect of Neat Sardine Oil with Varies Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine, ISSN: 2226-7522(Print) and 2305-3327 Science, Technology, and Arts Research Journal [13] Dr.G.R.K.Sastry, K.Venkateswarlu, Dr. Syed Yousufuddin, Dr.B.S.R Murthy 2012, performance, vibration and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with fish oil bio diesel blends, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945.
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