Institute for the Future, Redesigning Higher Education

1. IBM University Programs World Wide (IBM UP)
IFTF Workshop:
Redesigning Higher Education
Working Together to Build a Smarter Planet
Dr. Jim Spohrer, spohrer@us.ibm.com
Innovation Champion and Director IBM UPward
University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development
March 24rd, 2012 (for Institute for the Future – IFTF Workshop)
At the IFTF, Palo Alto, CA
© IBM 2012
© 2012 IBM Corporation

2. Redesigning the Missions of Higher Education in Society
 Mission 1: Knowledge conservation
– rulers, clergy, soldiers, lawyers, doctors, business practitioners, etc.
 Mission 2: Knowledge construction
– academics, scientists, etc.
 Mission 3: Status competitiveness
– prestige jobs roles and institutions
– competition as value-capture in a scarcity-driven world
 Mission 4: Regional competitiveness
– sustainability/sesilience (local p-supply chains)
– innovativeness (global i-supply chains)
– competition as value-cocreation in an abundance-driven world
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

3. IBM’s Leadership Changes
IBM has 426,000
employees worldwide
2011 Financials
22% of IBM’s revenue
 Revenue - $ 106.9B
in Growth Market
 Net Income - $ 15.9B
countries; growing at
11% in 2011  EPS - $ 13.44
 Net Cash - $16.6B More than 40% of IBM’s
workforce conducts business
away from an office
55% of IBM’s Workforce
IBM operates in 170 is New to the company in
countries around the globe the last 5 years
Number 1 in patent
generation for 19
100 Years of Business consecutive years ;
& Innovation in 2011 6,180 US patents
awarded in 2011 The Smartest Machine On Earth
9 time winner of the 5 Nobel
President’s National Laureates
Medal of Technology
& Innovation - latest “Let’s Build a Smarter
award for Blue Gene Planet"
Supercomputer
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

4. IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

5. PBS Nova (2/9/11): “The Smartest Machine on Earth?”
11/2010
4/2010
10/2009
5/2009
Precision
12/2008
8/2008
5/2008
12/2007
Baseline
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

6. Universities Collaborate with IBM Research to Design
Watson for the Grand Challenge of Jeopardy !
Assisted in the development of the Open Pioneered an online natural language
Advancement of Question-Answering question answering system called START,
Initiative (OAQA) architecture and which provided the ability to answer questions
methodology with high precision using information from
semi-structured and structured information
repositories
 Provided technological advancement
enabling a computing system to remember the Worked on a visualization component to Worked to extend the
full interaction, rather than treating every visually explain to external audiences the capabilities of Watson, with a
question like the first one - simulating a real massively parallel analytics skills it takes for focus on extensive common
dialogue the Watson computing system to break down sense knowledge
a question and formulate a rapid and accurate
response to rival a human brain
Explored advanced machine learning
techniques along with rich text
representations based on syntactic and
Worked on information Focused on large-scale
semantic structures for the Watson’s
optimization retrieval and text search information extraction,
technologies parsing, and knowledge
inference technologies
http://w3.ibm.com/news/w3news/top_stories/2011/02/chq_watson_wrapup.html
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

7. IBM University Programs:
What We Do: The “6 R’s” (not to be confused with 3 R’s)
1. Research
Research awards focus on grand challenge problems and big bets
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/university/research
2. Readiness
Access to IBM tools, methods, and course materials to develop skills
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/university/academicinitiative
3. Recruiting
Internships and full-time positions working to build a smarter planet
http://www.ibm.com/jobs
4. Revenue
Improve performance, the university as a complex enterprise (city within city)
http://www.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/bus/html/bcs_education.html
5. Responsibility
Community service provides access to IBMers expertise/resources
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ibmgives/
6. Regions
Regional innovation ecosystems – incubators, entrepreneurship, jobs
http://www.ibm.com/ibm/governmentalprograms/innovissue.html
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

8. Our Vision: Educational Continuum for Individuals & Institutions
Individuals
TECHNOLOGY IMMERSION (people/talent/disciplines)
Any Device Learning Primary
School In
div
idu
Secondary al
PERSONAL LEARNING PATHS School Le
ar Talent:
Student-Centered Processes Higher
nin Workforce
g Skills
Education Co
nt
LLL inu
KNOWLEDGE SKILLS Continuing The um
Learning Communities Education Educational
Continuum
Intelligent um
• Aligned Data
inu
GLOBAL INTEGRATION • Outcomes Insight nt
Co Infrastructure:
g Economics
nin
Services Specialization Instrumented
• Student-centric r Sustainability
• Integrated Assessment
L ea
ns
ECONOMIC ALIGNMENT Interconnected tio
• Shared Services
st itu
Systemic View of Education • Interoperable Processes In
Institutions
(planet/infrastructure/systems)
8 IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

9. Regional Competitiveness and U-BEEs:
Where imagined possible worlds become observable real worlds
http://www.service-science.info/archives/1056
Innovations Nation
Universities/ “The future is already
State/Province here (at universities),
Regions City/Region
Calculus (Cambridge/UK)
For-profits
it is just not evenly
Physics (Cambridge/UK) U-BEE
Computer Science (Columbia/NY) distributed.”
Microsoft (Harvard/WA) Job Creator/Sustainer
Yahoo (Stanford/CA) Hospital
Cultural & University
Google (Stanford/CA) Medical
Conference College
Facebook (Harvard/CA) Research
Hotels K-12
“The best way to
Non-profits Worker
(professional)
Family
(household)
predict the future
is to (inspire the next
generation of students
to) build it better.”
U-BEEs = University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, City Within City
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

10. What improves Quality-of-Life? Service System Innovations
* = US Labor % in 2009.
A. Systems that focus on flow of things that humans need (~15%*) 20/10/10
1. Transportation & supply chain 2/7/4
2. Water & waste recycling/Climate & Environment 2/1/1
3. Food & products manufacturing 7/6/1
4. Energy & electricity grid/Clean Tech 1/1/0
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT access) 5/17/27
B. Systems that focus on human activity and development (~70%*)
6. Buildings & construction (smart spaces) (5%*) 1/0/2
7. Retail & hospitality/Media & entertainment/Tourism & sports (23%*) 24/24/1
8. Banking & finance/Business & consulting (wealthy) (21%*)
2/20/24
9. Healthcare & family life (healthy) (10%*)7/10/3
10. Education & work life/Professions & entrepreneurship (wise) (9%*) 5/2/2
C. Systems that focus on human governance - security and opportunity (~15%*)
11. Cities & security for families and professionals (property tax)
3/3/1
12. States/regions & commercial development opportunities/investments (sales tax) 0/0/0
13. Nations/NGOs & citizens rights/rules/incentives/policies/laws (income tax)
1/2/2
0/19/0
Quality of Life = Quality of Service + Quality of Jobs + Quality of Investment-Opportunities
“61 Service Design 2010 (Japan) / 75 Service Marketing 2010 (Portugal)/78 Service-Oriented Computing 2010 (US)”
IBM University Programs worldwide accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2011IBM Corporation

11. Smarter Planet Awards (Sample of 192: See Speaker Notes)
Column’s Explained in More Detail on Previous Slide
T
transportation
W
water
P
products
E
energy
C
communication
B
buildings
R
retail
F
finance
H
health
E
education
G
government
US
3 8 3 11 41 2 1 5 7 17
DV
6 4 4 5 18 1 6 5 1 10
EM
4 6 1 3 20 3 2 2 6
SUR
8 8 3 9 2 1 2 4 6
OCR
1 1 15 6 5
FAC
4 7 5 9 35 2 4 3 8 12
PHD
3 27 12
TOTAL
13 18 8 19 79 3 4 8 8 8 24
IBM University Programs worldwide accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2011IBM Corporation

12. What are the benefits of top-ranked universities?
% WW GDP and % WW Top-500-Universities
9
Japan
8
7 y = 0,7489x + 0,3534
R² = 0,719 China
6 Germany
5
France
4 United Kingdom
Italy
%
G
D
o
b
P
a
g
l
3
Russia Brazil Spain
Canada
2 India
Mexico South Korea Australia
Turkey Netherlands
1
Sweden
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
% top 500 universities
Strong Correlation (2009 Data): National GDP and University Rankings
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

13. What are the benefits of more education? Of higher skills?
…But it can be costly, American student loan debt is over $900M
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

14. University Programs Worldwide Accelerating Regional Development
UPWARD
“When we combined the impact of Harvard’s direct spending on payroll, purchasing and construction –
the indirect impact of University spending – and the direct and indirect impact of off-campus spending by
Harvard students – we can estimate that Harvard directly and indirectly accounted for nearly $4.8 billion
in economic activity in the Boston area in fiscal year 2008, and more than 44,000 jobs.”
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

15. T-shaped professionals
depth & breadth
Ready for Life-Long-Learning
Ready for Teamwork
Ready to Help Build a Smarter Planet
Many cultures
Many disciplines
Many systems
(understanding & communications)
BREADTH
Deep in one discipline
Deep in one system
Deep in one culture
DEPTH
(analytic thinking & problem solving)
15 IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

16. Systems-Disciplines Framework: Depth & Breadth
systems Systems that focus on flows of things Systems that support people’s activities Systems that govern
transportation & ICT & retail & healthcare
food & education city state nation
disciplines supply chain water & energy
products & electricity
cloud building & hospitality banking & family
&work secure scale laws
waste construction & finance
behavioral sciences
Customer
stakeholders
e.g., marketing
Provider management sciences
e.g., operations
Observe Stakeholders (As-Is)
political sciences
Authority
e.g., public policy
learning sciences
Competitors e.g., game theory
and strategy
cognitive sciences
People
e.g., psychology
resources
system sciences
Technology
e.g., industrial eng.
information sciences
Observe Resource Access (As-Is)
Information
e.g., computer sci
organization sciences
Organizations
e.g., knowledge mgmt
History social sciences
change
e.g., econ & law
(Data Analytics)
decision sciences
Imagine Possibilities (Has-Been & Might-Become)
Future e.g., stats & design
(Roadmap)
run professions
Run
e.g., knowledge worker
Transform
value
(Copy)
transform professions
e.g., consultant
Realize Value (To-Be)
Innovate innovate professions
(Invent)
e.g., entrepreneur
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

17. Investing in Learning: Systems that do, copy, invent
Learning Systems
Investments
Do It Invent It
Exploitation Exploration
Run Transform Innovate
Operations L Internal Incremental
Maintenance
Copy It External Radical
Insurance Interaction Super-Radical
March, J.G. (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organizational Science. 2(1).71-87.
Sanford, L.S. (2006) Let go to grow: Escaping the commodity trap. Prentice Hall. New York, NY.
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

18. Sustainability/Resilience & Innovation: Local-p global-i supply chains
World as System of Systems
World (light blue - largest)
Nations (green - large)
States (dark blue - medium)
Cities (yellow - small)
Universities (red - smallest)
Cities as System of Systems
Developed Market -Transportation & Supply Chain
Nations -Water & Waste Recycling
(> $20K GDP/Capita) -Food & Products ((Nano)
-Energy & Electricity
-Information/ICT & Cloud (Info)
-Buildings & Construction
Emerging Market -Retail & Hospitality/Media & Entertainment
Nations -Banking & Finance
(< $20K GDP/Capita) -Healthcare & Family (Bio)
-Education & Professions (Cogno)
-Government (City, State, Nation)
Nations: Innovation Opportunities
- GDP/Capita (level and growth rate)
- Energy/Capita (fossil and renewable)
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

19. Redesigning the Missions of Higher Education in Society
 Mission 1: Knowledge conservation (observed)
– rulers, clergy, soldiers, lawyers, doctors, business practitioners, etc.
 Mission 2: Knowledge construction (observed)
– academics, scientists, etc.
 Mission 3: Status competitiveness (observed)
– Prestige jobs roles and institutions (rights & responsibilities)
– Competition as value-capture in a scarcity-driven world
 Mission 4: Regional competitiveness (observed & imagined)
– Sustainability/Resilience (local p-supply chains)
– Innovativeness (global i-supply chains)
– Competition as value-cocreation in an abundance-driven world
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

20. Thank-You! Questions?
“Instrumented, Interconnected, Intelligent – Let’s build a Smarter Planet.” – IBM
“If we are going to build a smarter planet, let’s start by building smarter cities” – CityForward.org
“Universities are major employers in cities and key to urban sustainability.” – Coalition of USU
“Cities learning from cities learning from cities.” – Fundacion Metropoli
“The future is already here… It is just not evenly distributed.” – Gibson
“The best way to predict the future is to create it/invent it.” – Moliere/Kay
“Real-world problems may not/refuse to respect discipline boundaries.” – Popper/Spohrer
“Today’s problems may come from yesterday’s solutions.” – Senge
“History is a race between education and catastrophe.” – H.G. Wells
“The future is born in universities.” – Kurilov
“Think global, act local.” – Geddes
Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer
Director, IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM Upward)
spohrer@us.ibm.com
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

21. A Framework for Global Civil Society
 Daniel Patrick Moynihan said nearly 50 years ago: "If you want to
build a world class city, build a great university and wait 200
years." His insight is true today – except yesterday's 200 years
has become twenty. More than ever, universities will generate and
sustain the world’s idea capitals and, as vital creators,
incubators, connectors, and channels of thought and
understanding, they will provide a framework for global civil
society.
– John Sexton, President NYU
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

22. 14B Where is the “Real Science” - wonders to appreciate? 10K
Big Bang In the many sciences that study the natural and human-made worlds… Cities
(Natural Unraveling the mystery of evolving hierarchical-complexity in new populations… (Human-Made
Time
World) To discover the world’s architectures and mechanisms for computing non-zero-sum
Entity Architectures (ЄN) of nested, networked Holistic-Product-Service-Systems (HPSS)
World)
writing
(symbols and scribes,
stored memory
and knowledge)
written laws
ECOLOGY
(governance and
stored control)
sun (energy) money
earth (governed
(molecules & transportable value
stored energy) stored value,
“economic energy”)
bacteria
(single-cell life)
bees (social
sponges transistor
division-of-labor)
(multi-cell life) (routine
cognitive work) universities
(knowledge workers
clams (neurons) printing press (books
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation
trilobites (brains) 200M 60 steam engine (work)

23. Service Science: Conceptual Framework
Ecology
(Populations & Diversity)
Entities Interactions Outcomes
(Service Systems, both (Service Networks, (Value Changes, both
Individuals & Institutions) link, nest, merge, divide) beneficial and non-beneficial)
Identity Value Proposition Governance Mechanism Reputation
(Aspirations & Lifecycle/ (Offers & Reconfigurations/ (Rules & Constraints/ (Opportunities & Variety/
History) Incentives, Penalties & Risks) Incentives, Penalties & Risks) History)
Access Rights Measures
(Relationships of Entities) (Rankings of Entities)
lose-win win-win prefer sustainable
lose-lose win-lose non-zero-sum
Resources Stakeholders outcomes,
(Competences, Roles in Processes, (Processes of Valuing, i.e., win-win
Specialized, Integrated/Holistic) Perspectives, Engagement)
 Resources: Individuals, Institutions, Infrastructure, Information
 Stakeholders: Customers, Providers, Authorities, Competitors
 Measures: Quality, Productivity, Compliance, Sustainable Innovation
 Access Rights: Own, Lease, Shared, Privileged
Spohrer, JC (2011) On looking into Vargo and Lusch's concept of generic actors in markets, or
“It's all B2B …and beyond!” Industrial Marketing Management, 40(2), 199–201.
IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation

24. IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM UPward) © 2012 BM Corporation