Welcome to almaden 20140904 v12 short

IBM University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development (IBM Upward)
Welcome to IBM Almaden Research Center
San Jose, CA (“Silicon Valley/Bay Area”)
© 2012 IBM Corporation
Working together to build a Smarter Planet
Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer, spohrer@us.ibm.com
Innovation Champion and Director IBM UPward
(University Programs worldwide, accelerating regional development)
Tuesday Aug 5, 2014

IBM Research - Almaden
2 IBM UPward (University Programs worldwide – accelerating regional development) © 2012 IBM Corporation

IBM Vision: A New Era of Computing
• Cognitive systems allow us to do more and dream
bigger, boosting both productivity and creativity

Watson Business Unit
• $1B Investment: Far beyond Jeopardy!
Solutions
Customer Engagement
Healthcare
Finance
Accelerated Research
Watson Foundations
Big Data and Analytics
Ecosystem Program
Business Partners
Developers
Researchers
6 Cognitive Systems
Services
Watson Discovery Advisor
Watson Explorer
Watson Analytics

Watson Academic Programs
• On ramp…
2014
Readiness
- Cognitive Computing Course
an and Competition
- Case Competitions
- Great Mind Challenges
- Other collaborations
Recruiting
Research
- Cognitive Systems Institute
2015 – Scale Globally
•Expand functionality,
algorithms, experience
•Collaborative Research
•Publish papers
•Develop courses
•Develop applications
•Program in Corelets
•Establish SIGs

New Era of Computing:
Cognitive Technologies & Componentry
 Natural Language
8
– Reasoning, Logic & Planning
– Symbolic Processing
– Natural Language Processing
– Ranking of Hypotheses
– Knowledge Representations
– Domain-Specific Ontologies
– Information Storage/Retrieval
– Machine Learning, Reasoning
– Von Neumann Componentry
– OpenPOWER Systems
 Pattern Recognition
– Recognition, Sensing & Acting
– Pattern Processing
– Image & Speech Processing
– Ranking of Hypotheses
– Pattern Representations
– Domain-Specific Neural Nets
– Information Storage/Retrieval
– Machine Learning, Perception
– Neuromorphic Componentry
– SyNAPSE Systems
AI for IA:
Intelligence
Augmentation
Cognitive Systems
(“Cogs”) that boost
learning,
discovery,
engagement,
transformation, and
long-range planning.
Cognition as a Service

IBM University Programs
More than 40% of IBMs
workforce does
business away from an
office
IBM has
~430,000
employees
worldwide
IBM operates in 170 countries
around the globe
Acquisitions contribute significantly
to IBM’s growth ; 140 acquisitions
since the beginning of 2000
2013 Financials
Revenue - $99.8B
 Net Income - $ 18.0B
EPS - $ 16.28
 Net Cash - $18.8B
(excluding GF receivables)
23% of IBMs revenue in
Growth Market countries;
down 2% ( @cc) in 2013
Number 1 in patent
generation for 21
consecutive years;
6,809 US patents
awarded in 2013
The Smartest Machine On Earth
10 time winner of the 5 Nobel Laureates
President’s National
Medal of Technology &
Innovation – latest for
LASIK laser refractive
surgical techniques
New Era in IBM’s Leadership
IBM Growth Initiatives
100 Years of Business &
Innovation in 2011
IBM UP 2010 9 Key Directions © 2010 IBM Corporation

IBM Research Evolution
Software
Hardware
Collaboration for
a Smarter Planet
Integrated
Solutions
Services
IBM UPward (University Programs worldwide – accelerating regional development) © 2012 IBM Corporation
Research Agenda

Isolated Research
Joint Projects
Radical
Collaboration
’50s — ’90s
’90s — ’00s
’00s …
IBM Divisions,
Clients, Universities
The World is Now Our Lab
Collaboratories
Global Labs
Hardware
+ Software & Services
+ Smarter Planet
First-of-a-Kind Program
Research Services
Intellectual Property
Evolution of IBM Research
11

IBM Research: 3000 Global Researchers
• Software
• Internet of
Things • Integrated Solns
12
China
Almaden Watson
Austin
• Science
• Nanotech
Materials • “Big Data”
Haifa Tokyo
Ireland
• Smarter
Cities
Zurich
India
• Semiconductors
• Systems
• SW & Services
Brazil
IBM Research Labs 1998 - 2007
IBM Research – Openings in 2011/2012
• Accessibility
Australia
Africa
• DB & Analytics
• Storage
• Nanotech
• Healthcare
• SW & Services
• Semiconductors
• Processors
• Natural Resources
• Smarter Devices
• Human Systems / Events
Analytics
• Security • Services
• Mobile Communications
• Natural Resources
• Disaster Mgmt
• Healthcare / Life Sciences
• Public Sector
• Smarter Cities
• Human Capacity

IBM Research: Globally and Vertically Integrated
China
industry expertise
Almaden Watson
Austin
Tokyo
Haifa
analytics
Dublin
Zurich
India
Melbourne
cybersecurity
cloud
future systems
Brazil
IBM Research labs
Labs added since 2010
Kenya
processors/storage
/switching
nanotechnologies
13

IBM Research: Industry Expertise
healthcare meteorology
energy
banking / insurance
transportation &
IBM Research labs
Labs added since 2010
retail
telecomm
oil and gas
public sector
14

1014 on November 14, 2012
Inspired by the function, power, and volume of the organic brain,
IBM is developing TrueNorth, a novel modular, scalable, non-von
Neumann, ultra-low power, cognitive computing architecture.
TrueNorth consists of a scalable network of neurosynaptic cores,
with each core containing neurons, dendrites, synapses, and
axons. To set sail for TrueNorth, IBM developed Compass, a
multi-threaded, massively parallel functional simulator and a
parallel compiler that maps a network of long-distance pathways
in the macaque monkey brain to TrueNorth.
IBM and LBNL demonstrated near-perfect weak scaling on a 16
rack IBM Blue Gene/Q (262,144 processor cores, 256 TB
memory), achieving an unprecedented scale of 256 million
neurosynaptic cores containing 65 billion neurons and 16 trillion
synapses running only 388× slower than real time with an
average spiking rate of 8.1 Hz. By using emerging PGAS
communication primitives, IBM also demonstrated 2× better real-time
performance over MPI primitives on a 4 rack Blue Gene/P
(16384 processor cores, 16 TB memory). Here is PDF of final
paper.
NEW NEWS: Since submitting the camera ready copy, using 96
Blue Gene/Q racks of the Lawrence Livermore National Lab
Sequoia supercomputer (1,572,864 processor cores, 1.5 PB
memory, 98,304 MPI processes, and 6,291,456 threads), IBM and
LBNL achieved an unprecedented scale of 2.084 billion
neurosynaptic cores containing 53x1010 neurons and 1.37x1014
synapses running only 1542× slower than real time. Here is PDF
of IBM Research Report, RJ 10502.

2012 Technical Strategy
– Grand Challenges
Exploratory Research
 Medical Sieve
 DNA Transistor
 Cognitive Computing
 The “Next Switch” for Digital Electronics
 Fault Tolerant Quantum Computation
 Energy Storage: Lithium - Air Battery
 3D Molecular Structure Microscope
 Room Temperature Superconductor
 Scalable Genome-wide Association
 Modeling the Enterprise
IBM - Deutsche Bank Innovation Workshop, Hawthorne, May 2012 © IBM Corporation

IBM University Programs 6 R’s
• Research (Collaborate)
• Readiness (Skills)
• Recruiting (Jobs)
• Revenue (Solutions)
• Responsibility (Volunteers)
• Regions (Smarter Cities, Startups & Workforce)
9/3/2014
© IBM 2013 IBM University Programs worldwide
accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
17
WORKFORCE
PRODUCTS
SUPPLY CHAIN
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGS

IBM University Programs Global Team updated
9/3/2014
© IBM 2014 IBM University Programs worldwide
accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
18
Region Contact Name
Africa Sean Mclean
Australia TBD
ASEAN Seow Khun Lum
Canada Stephen Peregut
China Jean Li
Egypt Hisham El-Shishiney
EMEA Diem Ho
GCG Wang Hao
India Mezjan J Dallas
Japan Rieko Kataoka
Mexico Angela Alvarado
Middle East Andrea Emiliiani
Nordics Jyrki Koskinen
Russia/GMU Sergey Belov
Turkey Jale Akyel

T-Shaped People:
Next Generation Adaptive Innovators
for a Smarter Planet
Many disciplines
Many sectors
Many regions/cultures
(understanding & communications)
Deep in one sector
Deep in one region/culture
Deep in one discipline
“No one knows everything, but a well-chosen team of T-shapes has empathy to learn anything.”

Partnering for Skills
Marisa Viveros,
VP Cybersecurity
Innovation
Nanci Knight,
Academic
Initiatives
(Western Region)
Dianne Fodell,
Program Exec
Skills for 21st C

Key Question: Knowledge Half-Life
• What percentage of a companies product and service
offerings to customers change every year?
• What percentage of the courses that students get change
every year?

23
Those in-the-know say, “IBM is helping to build a Smarter Planet…”

Smarter Planet = Smarter “Service” Systems
24
INSTRUMENTED
We now have the ability to
measure, sense and see
the exact condition of
practically everything.
INTERCONNECTED
People, systems and objects
can communicate and
interact with each other in
entirely new ways.
INTELLIGENT
We can respond to changes
quickly and accurately,
and get better results
by predicting and optimizing
for future events.
WORKFORCE
PRODUCTS
SUPPLY CHAIN
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGS
IT NETWORKS

25
Land-population-energy-carbon
Carlo Ratti:
Senseable Cities

IBM Platforms for Entrepreneurs
• Smarter Cities Intelligent Operations Center Platform
• IBM Watson & Cognitive Computing Platform
• IBM UP helping university startups to scale-up (growth)
9/3/2014
© IBM 2013 IBM University Programs
worldwide accelerating regional
development (IBM UPward)
28

Welcome to the new age of
platform technologies and
smarter service systems
for every sector of
business and society
nested, networks systems

National Science Foundation
A feature of a service system is the
participation and cooperation of the customer
in the service and its delivery. A service system
then requires an integration of knowledge and
technologies from a range of disciplines, often
including engineering, computer science, social
science, behavioral science, and cognitive
science, paired with market knowledge to
increase its social benefit.
Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno

Holistic Service Systems (HSS)
9/3/2014
31
http://www.service-science.info/archives/1056
Nation
State/Province
City/Region
University
College
K-12
Cultural &
Conference
Hotels
Hospital
Medical
Research
Worker
(professional)
Family
(household)
For-profits:
Business Entrepreneurship
Non-profits
Social Entrepreneurship
U-BEE
Job Creator/Sustainer
U-BEEs = University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
“The future is already
here (at universities),
it is just not evenly
distributed.”
“The best way to
predict the future
is to (inspire the next
generation of students
to) build it better.”
“Multilevel nested,
networked
holistic service
systems (HSS)
that provision
whole service (WS) to
the people inside them.
WS includes
flows (transportation,
water, food, energy, communications),
development (buildings,
retail ,finance, health,
education),
and governance (city,
state, nation). ”
University Four Missions
1. Learning
2. Discovery
3. Engagement
4. Convergence

Universities Matter #1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9/3/2014
y = 0,7489x + 0,3534
32
Japan
China
Germany
France
Italy United Kingdom
R² = 0,719
Russia Brazil Spain
Canada
India
Mexico South Korea Australia
Turkey Netherlands
Sweden
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
% global GDP
% top 500 universities
Nation’s % WW GDP and % Top 500 Universities (2009 Data)

9/3/2014
33
…But it can be costly, American student loan debt is over $900M

“When we combined the impact of Harvard’s direct spending on payroll, purchasing and construction – the
indirect impact of University spending – and the direct and indirect impact of off-campus spending by Harvard
students – we can estimate that Harvard directly and indirectly accounted for nearly $4.8 billion in economic
activity in the Boston area in fiscal year 2008, and more than 44,000 jobs.”
9/3/2014
34

35
What are the trends?
Digital Immigrant
Born: 1988
Graduated College: 2012
Digital Native
Born: 2012
Enters College: 2030

2030 Transportation: Self-driving cars
Steve Mahan:
Test “Driver”

2030 Water

2030 Manufacturing
Ryan Chin:
Urban Mobility
Baxter: Building the Future
Maker-Bot: Replicator 2

2030 Energy

2030 ICT

Example: Leading Through Connections with…
Universities Collaborate with IBM Research to Design
Watson for the Grand Challenge of Jeopardy !
Assisted in the development of the Open
Advancement of Question-Answering
Initiative (OAQA) architecture and
methodology
Pioneered an online natural language
question answering system called START,
which provided the ability to answer questions
with high precision using information from
semi-structured and structured information
repositories
Worked to extend the
capabilities of Watson, with a
focus on extensive common
sense knowledge
Worked on a visualization component to
visually explain to external audiences the
massively parallel analytics skills it takes for
the Watson computing system to break down
a question and formulate a rapid and accurate
response to rival a human brain
Focused on large-scale
information extraction,
parsing, and knowledge
inference technologies
 Provided technological advancement
enabling a computing system to remember the
full interaction, rather than treating every
question like the first one - simulating a real
dialogue
Explored advanced machine learning
techniques along with rich text
representations based on syntactic and
semantic structures for the Watson’s
optimization
Worked on information
retrieval and text search
technologies
http://w3.ibm.com/news/w3news/top_stories/2011/02/chq_watson_wrapup.html

2030 Buildings: Recycled to be stronger, safer, cleaner
China Broad Group:
30 Stories in 15 Days

2030 Retail & Hospitality

2030 Finance & Business

2030 Health

2030 Education: Watch one, do one, teach one…

2030 Government
Four measures
 Innovativeness
 Equity
– Improve
weakest
link
 Sustainability
 Resiliency

Competitive Parity – Achieved.
 The NFL has spent the last two
decades touting its parity—the
idea that any team can win on any
given Sunday (or Monday or
Thursday). But this year, parity
has truly run wild.
 … here's the wackiest thing:
Through six weeks, 11 of the
NFL's 32 teams are 3-3. The
Journal asked the statistical gurus
of Massey-Peabody Analytics to
run a coin-flip simulation…

2030 and Beyond…. Government, Health, Education, Finance, etc.

9/3/2014
50

Up-Skill
Cycle
University-Region1
University-Region2
= New Venture
= Acquisition
= High-Growth
Acquisition/
New IBM BU
(Growing)
= High-Productivity/
Mature IBM BU
(Shrinking)
= Graduates with
Smarter Planet skills
= IBMer moving from
mature BU to acquisition
= IBMer moving into
IBMer on Campus role
(help create graduates
with Smarter-Planet skills,
help create Smarter Planet
oriented new ventures;
Refresh skills
IBM

Service Innovators
 ISSIP = International
Society of
Service Innovation
Professionals
 T-shaped Professionals
– Depth
– Breadth
 Register at:
– ISSIP.org

Systems-Disciplines Framework: Depth & Breadth
Systems that focus on flows of things Systems that support people’s activities Systems that govern
transportation &
supply chain water &
waste
food &
products
ICT &
cloud
energy
& electricity
retail &
hospitality banking
building &
construction
healthcare
& family
& finance
education
&work
city
secure
state
scale
nation
laws
systems
disciplines
behavioral sciences
e.g., marketing
management sciences
e.g., operations
political sciences
e.g., public policy
learning sciences
e.g., game theory
and strategy
cognitive sciences
e.g., psychology
system sciences
e.g., industrial eng.
information sciences
e.g., computer sci
organization sciences
e.g., knowledge mgmt
social sciences
e.g., econ & law
decision sciences
e.g., stats & design
run professions
e.g., knowledge worker
transform professions
e.g., consultant
innovate professions
e.g., entrepreneur
stakeholders
Customer
Provider
Authority
Competitors
resources
People
Technology
Information
Organizations
change
History
(Data Analytics)
Future
(Roadmap)
value
Run
Transform
(Copy)
Innovate
(Invent)
Observe Stakeholders (As-Is)
Observe Resource Access (As-Is)
Imagine Possibilities (Has-Been & Might-Become)
Realize Value (To-Be)

The New Normal: Smarter Systems
Computational System
Smarter Technology
Requires investment roadmap
Service Systems: Stakeholders & Resources
1. People
2. Technology
3. Shared Information
4. Organizations
connected by win-win value propositions
Smarter Buildings, Universities, Cities
Requires investment roadmap

A Framework for Global Civil Society
 Daniel Patrick Moynihan said nearly 50 years ago: "If you want to
build a world class city, build a great university and wait 200
years." His insight is true today – except yesterday's 200 years
has become twenty. More than ever, universities will generate and
sustain the world’s idea capitals and, as vital creators,
incubators, connectors, and channels of thought and
understanding, they will provide a framework for global civil
society.
– John Sexton, President NYU

In Conclusion: Two Books To Help Us All Prepare For Change

Thank-You! Questions?
“Instrumented, Interconnected, Intelligent – Let’s build a Smarter Planet.” – IBM
“If we are going to build a smarter planet, let’s start by building smarter cities” – CityForward.org
“Universities are major employers in cities and key to urban sustainability.” – Coalition of USU
“Cities learning from cities learning from cities.” – Fundacion Metropoli
“The future is already here… It is just not evenly distributed.” – Gibson
“The best way to predict the future is to create it/invent it.” – Moliere/Kay
“Real-world problems may not/refuse to respect discipline boundaries.” – Popper/Spohrer
“Today’s problems may come from yesterday’s solutions.” – Senge
“History is a race between education and catastrophe.” – H.G. Wells
“The future is born in universities.” – Kurilov
“Think global, act local.” – Geddes
Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer
Innovation Champion &
Director, IBM University Programs worldwide accelerating regional development (IBM UPward)
spohrer@us.ibm.com

What improves Quality-of-Life? Service System Innovations
A. Systems that focus on flow of things that humans need (~15%*)
* = US Labor % in 2009.
2/7/4 0/19/0
1. Transportation & supply chain
2. Water & waste recycling/Climate & Environment
2/1/1
3. Food & products manufacturing
7/6/1
4. Energy & electricity grid/Clean Tech
1/1/0
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT access)
5/17/27
B. Systems that focus on human activity and development (~70%*)
1/0/2
6. Buildings & construction (smart spaces) (5%*)
7. Retail & hospitality/Media & entertainment/Tourism & sports (23%*)
8. Banking & finance/Business & consulting (wealthy) (21%*)
9. Healthcare & family life (healthy) (10%*)
10. Education & work life/Professions & entrepreneurship (wise) (9%*)
24/24/1
2/20/24
7/10/3
5/2/2
C. Systems that focus on human governance - security and opportunity (~15%*)
11. Cities & security for families and professionals (property tax)
3/3/1
12. States/regions & commercial development opportunities/investments (sales tax)
13. Nations/NGOs & citizens rights/rules/incentives/policies/laws (income tax)
0/0/0
1/2/2
Quality of Life = Quality of Service + Quality of Jobs + Quality of Investment-Opportunities
“61 Service Design 2010 (Japan) / 75 Service Marketing 2010 (Portugal)/78 Service-Oriented Computing 2010 (US)”

Economic Shift in National Economies
World’s Large Labor Forces
A = Agriculture, G = Goods, S = Service
40yr Service
Growth
S
%
G
%
A
%
Labor
% WW
Nation
China 25.7 49 22 29 142%
India 14.4 60 17 23 35%
U.S. 5.1 1 23 76 23%
Indonesia 3.5 45 16 39 34%
2010
US shift to service jobs
(A) Agriculture:
Value from
harvesting nature
Daryl Pereira/Sunnyvale/IBM@IBMUS,
Brazil 3.0 20 14 66 61%
Russia 2.4 10 21 69 64%
Japan 2.2 5 28 67 45%
Nigeria 1.6 70 10 20 19%
Bangladesh 2.1 63 11 26 37%
Germany 1.4 3 33 64 42%
2010
NationMaster.com, International Labor Organization
Note: Pakistan, Vietnam, and Mexico now larger LF than Germany
(G) Goods:
Value from
making products
(S) Service:
Value from
IT augmented workers in smarter systems
that create benefits for customers
and sustainably improve quality of life.

Growth of Service Revenue at IBM
2010 Pretax Income Mix Revenue Growth by Segment
SOFTWARE
SYSTEMS
(AND FINANCING)
17%
39%
SERVICES
100
80
60
40
20
0
1982
1988
1994
1998
2010
Services
Software
Systems
2004
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
Revenue ($B)
44%
IBM Annual Reports
What do IBM Service Professionals Do? Run IT & enterprise systems for customers,
help Transform customer processes to best practices, and Innovate with customers.

California Human Development Report 2011:
Measuring quality-of-life….
http://www.measureofamerica.org/docs/APortraitOfCA.pdf

9/3/2014
62

Jim Spohrer, IBM
• Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer is IBM Innovation
Champion and Director of IBM University Programs
(IBM UP). Jim works to align IBM and universities
globally for innovation amplification. Previously, Jim
helped to found IBM’s first Service Research group,
the global Service Science community, and was
founding CTO of IBM’s Venture Capital Relations
Group in Silicon Valley. During the 1990’s while at
Apple Computer, he was awarded Apple’s
Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technology title
for his work on next generation learning
platforms. Jim has a PhD in Computer
Science/Artificial Intelligence from Yale, and BS in
Physics from MIT. His current research priorities
include applying service science to study nested,
networked holistic service systems, such as cities
and universities. He has more than ninety
publications and been awarded nine patents.

Measuring Impact
 SSME: IBM Icon of Progress & IBM Research Outstanding Accomplishment
– Internal 10x return: CBM, IDG, SDM Pricing & Costing, BIW COBRA, SIMPLE, IoFT, Fringe, VCR
• Key was tools to model customers & IBM better
• Also tools to shift routine physical, mental, interactional & identify synergistic new ventures
• Alignment with Smarter Planet & Analytics (instrumented, interconnected, intelligent)
• Alignment with Smarter Cities, Smarter Campus, Smarter Buildings (Holistic Service Systems)
– External: More than $1B in national investments in Service Innovation activities
– External: Increase conferences, journals, and publications
– External: Service Science SIGs in Professional Associations
– External: Course & Program Guidelines for T-shaped Professionals, 500+ institutions
– External: National Service Science Institutions, Books & Case Studies (Open Services Innovation)
 Service Research, a Portfolio Approach
– 1. Improve existing offerings (value propositions that can move the needle on KPI’s)
– 2. Create new offerings (for old and new customers)
– 3. Improve outcomes insourcing, outsourcing, acquisitions, divestitures (interconnect-fission-fusion)
– 4. For all three of the above, improve customer/partner capabilities (ratchet each other up)
– 5. For all four of the above, increase patents and service IP assets (some donated to open forums)
– 6. For all five of the above, increase publications and body-of-knowledge (professional associations)

Who I am (http://www.service-science.info/archives/2233)
 Director IBM Global University Programs since 2009
– Global team works with 5000 university world wide (http://www.ibm.com/university)
– 6 R’s: Research (Awards), Readiness (Skills), Recruiting, Revenue, Responsibility, Regions
– Transform “IBM on Campus” brand awareness (“Smarter Planet/Smarter Cities”)
– Create “Urban Service System” Research Centers & U-BEEs
 Founding Director of IBM's first Service Research group from 2003-2009
– Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA
– 10x ROI with four IBM outstanding and eleven accomplishment awards
– Improve existing offerings, create new, portfolio synergies, partners, patents, publications
– I know/work with service research pioneers from many academic disciplines
• I advocate for Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSME+D)
– Short-term: Curriculum (T-shaped people, deep in an existing discipline)
– Long-term: New transdiscipline and profession (awaiting CAD tool)
• I advocate for ISSIP (“one of the founding fathers”)
• Co-editor of the “Handbook of Service Science” (Springer 2010)
 Other background (late 90’s and before)
– Founding CTO of IBM’s Venture Capital Relations group in Silicon Valley
– Apple Computer’s (Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technologist) award (90’s)
– Ph.D. Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence from Yale University (80’s)
– B.S. in Physics from MIT (70’s)

Welcome to almaden 20140904 v12 short

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