The document discusses different perspectives on using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in education. It outlines believers who think ICTs can greatly expand learning, skeptics who are unconvinced, and agnostics with an open mind but lacking evidence. Pragmatists want prices lowered and access increased before fully adopting ICTs. The document also maps how ICTs can support different learning objectives and Bloom's taxonomy of learning domains. Finally, it outlines the teacher's evolving role from provider to facilitator as ICTs are incorporated into lessons.

1. ICTs in Education Sanjaya Mishra

2. What we think is what we do... Believers: think that under the right conditions technologies can have a monumental impact on the expansion of learning opportunities Skeptics: have been told of the possibilities many time, but have not seen the desired results Agnostics: are not sure. Though with an open mind, they do not think enough evidence is there to use ICTs effectively in education Pragmatist: are holding back, as they want the prices to be low, access to increase, power to be made available etc. etc.

3. ICTs for Instructions Remember Can the student recall information? Understand Can the student explain ideas or concepts? Apply Can the student use the new information in a different context? Analyze Can the student differentiate between constituent parts? Evaluate Can the student justify a decision? Create Can the student generate new ideas and products?

4. ICTs for Instructions Learning Objectives and ICTs Allow display and storage of information Encourage exploration of ideas and concepts Enables application of understanding of concepts Organize information and materials for analysis Facilitate evaluation and problem solving Provide opportunities for designing and construction of knowledge

5. ICTs for Instructions Teaching Objectives and ICTs Methods Text Audio Video Computer Internet Presentation X X X X X Demonstration X X X X X Drill and practice X X X X Animation and Simulation X X Collboation and communication X X Management of student Information X X X Any other?

6. Teachers' Role and ICT Teachers' Role Provider Facilitator Presentation Demonstration Drill and Practice Management of Student Information Collaboration & Communication Animation and Simulation Levels of ICTs