ICBA's best bet solutions & impact in marginal environments
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Dr. Dionysia Lyra Side event Biosaline agriculture as an approach for combating salinity in marginal agricultural systems organized by ICBA - the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, in the framework on the Seventh Global Soil Partnership (GSP) Plenary Assembly at FAO HQ, Rome, Italy on 5 June 2019.
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ICBA's best bet solutions & impact in marginal environments
- 1. Dr. Dionysia Lyra, Halophyte Agronomist ICBA’s best bet solutions & Impact in marginal environments Side event @ 7th Global Soil Partnership Plenary Assembly 5th of June 2019, FAO headquarters
- 4. • Brackish Water • Sea Water • Treated Wastewater • Produced Water Applicable irrigation technologies Applicable water management 1. Alternative Water Sources
- 5. i. Soil amendments • Organic amendments (compost, biochar, manure). • Inorganic amendments (Gypsum, Clay, Perlite, ...). • Biological interventions (Endophytes bacteria, Mycorrhizae). ii. Soil mapping Soil mapping Biochar 2. Soil Rehabilitation
- 6. 3. Right Crop Mix ICBA Gene Bank: a unique collection
- 7. Quinoa Sorghum Pearl Millet Barley Barley a. Climate-Resilient Crops
- 8. Salicornia Paspalum Salt grass (Distichlis spicata) Sporobolus b. Halophytic Crops for Food, Feed and Biofuel
- 9. • Agroforestry • Agri-aquaculture system IAAS (inland and coastal) 4. Integrated Systems
- 10. Rock samphire smoked tilapia with quinoa Jelly of Salicornia Salicornia and rock samphire bread Crackers of Salicornia and rock samphire Halophytic dishes 2018 Salicornia juice Expo Live Innovation Impact Grant Program
- 12. Morocco Global, regional and national drought monitoring capabilities developed to empower decision-makers to better prepare for drought events Tunisia Jordan Lebanon MENA region 5. Drought Management Tools
- 14. Work through Partnerships to achieve Impact Methodology
- 15. Why Biosaline Agriculture Releases pressure on good quality water and land resources; Utilizes wastelands and poor quality water resources; Provides new sources of food, feed, biofuels, fiber; Generates employability particularly youth and women; Climate change mitigation: rehabilitation of degraded lands, CO2 sequestration. Climate change adaptation: improves resilience of local communities. Improved food and nutrition security. Improved livelihoods.
- 16. ICBA’s Impact
- 17. • ICBA introduced climate-smart crops and forages in Morocco, Egypt, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Jordan, Oman, Yemen, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen • New initiatives target: Ethiopia, Botswana, The Gambia, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, Sierra Leone and Togo Sustainable Value Chains for Climate-Smart Agriculture
- 18. Morocco: Quinoa Value Chain 1.9 3.4 3.9 1.9 1.5 1.6 ICBA Q1 ICBA Q2 ICBA Q5 Titicaca Puno Local seeds Seed yield (T/ha)
- 19. Kyrgyzstan: Quinoa Value Chain Pioneer farmer Azamat Kaseev, Kyrgyzstan 2.5 kg of seed sown in one hectare → provides up to three tones of quinoa seed Quinoa seeds can fetch up to 2,000 Kyrgyz soms per kilogram (28 USD)
- 20. Egypt: Fodder, Dairy and Quinoa Value Chains Dairy Products Value Chain Quinoa Value Chain Fodder Value Chain
- 21. • ICBA worked on small-scale irrigation in: Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal • ICBA has worked on water innovation technologies in: Jordan, Oman, Tunisia, Yemen, UAE Improved Water-use Efficiency
- 22. Solar-powered Small-scale Irrigation Systems: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal 1. Demonstrate improvements in farming systems that: • Advance food & nutrient security • Provide dependable supply of basic agricultural products 2. Develop required value chains for job creation and development 3. Utilize low carbon technologies (Climate Compatible Development)
- 23. Water Innovation Technologies in Jordan Irrigation Layout and Scheduling for Olive and Peach Tree in Mafraq and Azraq
- 24. ICBA’s focus is marginal lands ≈ mostly degraded lands By introducing climate-resilient yet nutrient-dense crops for feed and feed we: – reduce land degradation – offer employment opportunities (youth and women) – contribute to improved health and livelihoods. • Government requests: Ethiopia and UAE Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands
- 25. 5 regions Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands in Ethiopia Demonstrate how to recover 11 M/ha of degraded land Improve food security and income of marginalized communities. • salt-tolerant crops and forages • Crop-livestock value- chain systems.
- 26. • Farms abandoned due to high irrigation water salinity (15-18 dS/m) • ICBA introduced four salt-tolerant perennial grasses: Distichlis spicata, Sporobolus virginicus Sporobolus arabicus Paspalum vaginatum • Fresh biomass yields ranged 75-150 t/ha/yr → 66% higher than Rhodes grass (low salinity 2 dS/m) • 44% less water use than traditional forages Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands in UAE
- 27. • Policy work • Drought management tools • Water management Empowering decision-making
- 29. ICBA as Strategic Technical Partner
- 30. ICBA is a founding member of AIRCA
Editor's Notes
- Microbial integration for nutrient uptake enhancement Agroforestry (including agropastoral and agro-silvopastoral systems)
- Microbial integration for nutrient uptake enhancement Agroforestry (including agropastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems)
- ICBA has been working on establishing value chains for some of its mandate crops such as quinoa. By establishing such sustainable value chains, we have a higher chance of fulfilling the targets of SDGs 1 & 2. New resource-efficient value chains Nutrition-sensitive farming High income for farmers
- Microbial integration for nutrient uptake enhancement Agroforestry (including agropastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems)
- Remote sensing and modeling inputs to generate monthly maps highlighting the severity and extent of drought at global, regional and national scales Detailed information at sub-national scale and statistics on affected areas are provided to describe rainfall and soil moisture deficit, crop stress and evapotranspiration anomalies. This data is used by drought management units at the country level as scientific-based information to support drought management actions and measures
- Technical Support on the selection and installation of automatic systems for vertical drainage wells and irrigation water delivery USAID/Jordan Water Innovations Technologies Technical Assistance to OCP Foundation for Model Farm: Rehabilitation of Phosphate mining land and introduction of new Agro-system to improve farmers' income Investing in vegetables production under protected agriculture in UAE Food for the Future Inland and coastal modular farms for climate change adaptation in desert environments Identifying genotypic variability in tropical maize for salinity tolerance Scaling up quinoa value chain to improve food and nutritional security in poor rural communities of Morocco Using data innovations to understand groundwater abstraction in the United Arab Emirates Grant Award Competition for Joint Arab-US Early-career Women Research Teams Training program: Enhancing food security in salt-affected areas in Africa through integrated land, water and crop management ICBA grant renewal: Tamkeen program for female agriculture researchers' empowerment
- “Agricultural and water scarcity solutions in marginal environments delivered through partnerships to help achieve global food and nutrition security” Working on a wider array of crops, the range of saline water, and inclusion of bioenergy in our research program. Working with partners to ensure that research is relevant, useful and is accessible, available and applicable. Working on a wider array of crops; the range of saline water, and inclusion of bioenergy in our research program Working with partners to ensure that research is relevant, useful and is accessible, available and applicable
- Egypt, Jordan, Oman, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia, Yemen were part of WANA Project - Adaptation to climate change in WANA marginal environments through sustainable crop and livestock diversification
- For example, ICBA is scaling up quinoa production in Morocco under a project funded by IDRC. The project has introduced some quinoa processing machines (threshing, shelling, washing). The project in collaboration with its partners is also trying to develop similar machines to be made locally in order to reduce cost related to importation. The project has introduced some quinoa processing machines (threshing, shelling, washing). The project in collaboration with its partners is also trying to develop similar machines to be made locally in order to reduce cost related to importation. The project is also promoting quinoa products developed by its partners. These products were exhibited during the first national workshop for quinoa promotion on 14 November 2018.
- The pioneer farmer who started growing quinoa in the area is 44-year-old agronomist Azamat Kaseev. Now his company AgroLead is a major producer of this super crop in the northeastern region of Kyrgyzstan. 2.5 kg of seed sown on one hectare of land can provide up to three tonnes of quinoa seed. The retail price of quinoa goes up to 700 Kyrgyz soms per kilogram (1 USD is around 70 Kyrgyz soms), while seeds can fetch up to 2,000 Kyrgyz soms per kilogram. Dozens of Kyrgyz farmers have started cultivating the crop. Quinoa fields have expanded across Kyrgyzstan: 14 hectares on highlands in Issyk-Kul Region, and 56 and 80 hectares in Talas and Jalal-Abad regions. Scientists at the Kyrgyz National University have developed various recipes and a beverage drink from locally grown quinoa. And a team of researchers at the National Academy of Sciences and the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University have even patented recipes for a quinoa-based drink and a quinoa-based muffin cake.
- “Milk production in North Sinai increased significantly by growing the recommended salt tolerant fodder crops by the project team. The farmers did not use the milk properly due to the lack of proper processing technologies. Therefore, the project established a Dairy Milk Laboratory and Processing Unit to determine the hygienic and chemical quality of raw milk and dairy products all along with the value chain. Raw milk is purchased by the unit and transformed into packed yogurt and soft cheese. The unit helped increasing rural women income. 45 women were trained on milk processing techniques.”
- (2011-15) project in 7 countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania, Gambia and Senegal) to encouraged smallholder farmers diversify their cropping patterns to increase productivity and farm incomes. These project outputs helped smallholder farmers in selecting appropriate crop, soil, nutrient and water management practices to maximize sustainable crop yields under increasing climatic variability, land degradation, drought and salinization. It also assisted farmers in diversifying crop production systems by introducing better and more productive seeds of different vegetables, and improving market strategies to increase their farm incomes. The project also enhanced research capability and capacity of research and development organizations and farmers (including women) of participating countries. By establishing small-scale irrigation technologies to boost irrigated agriculture in these countries, the impact of environmental disasters such as desertification and droughts on humans and animals were minimized. Jordan, Oman, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen: Application of near real time monitoring systems for irrigated agriculture in MENA
- Currently, ICBA is implementing a 4 year project (2016-20) to improve small-scale irrigation and use an inter-disciplinary approach to improve the performance of different production systems related to water availability and quality, soil and crop sustainability, water nutrient management practices and socio-economics in 4 Sub-Saharan African countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal). Different irrigation technologies for water distribution (i.e. canals and pipes), and irrigation methods (i.e. furrow, basin, drip and sprinkler, Californian system) were demonstrated and tested for their efficacy under local conditions. In the demonstrations, communities and cooperatives (including women) were involved. The field results showed that drip and Californian irrigation system has proved most successful in improving irrigation water use efficiency and crop yields. The project has also introduced solar irrigation pumps to overcome energy crises. The project is focusing on horticultural crops as they are more attractive farmers to earn their living. Training of farmers on different aspects of water management is an essential part of the project.” Project focuses on Climate Compatible Agriculture as is addresses CC adaptation, mitigation and development, we build Climate Resilience but also advance Low Carbon Development. Project aims to demonstrate improvements in farming systems that will help in achieving food & nutrient security and provide dependable supply of basic agricultural products, and value chain development for job creation and development, utilizing low carbon technologies.
- As a technical partner to Mercy Corps (USAID Water Innovations Technologies Project (Jordan 2017-2022) ICBA is working with water saving technologies suppliers and embedded extension services to ensure that both supply and demand of on-farm water saving technologies are stimulated. The project is targeting medium size fruit stone trees and olive trees farmers in Mafraq and Azraq, who were identified as the major water consumers in the area. ICBA build local capacity on : - Crop water requirements in the project intervention areas - Irrigation scheduling for olives and stone fruits in Azraq and Mafraq Field days are organized where suppliers meet the farmers to showcase modern irrigation systems (with a focus on drip irrigation system and automated irrigation systems). ICBA is participating in the events to provide technical information on current prevailing cropping systems. Also, the team is explaining how and why farmers are using excessive water use for irrigation and the consequences of overirrigation. Overirrigation increases operational costs (mainly electricity bill and labor time) and causes a yield gap due to lack of technical references on crop management.
- ICBA’s focus is marginal lands ≈ mostly degraded lands. In all countries we introduce climate-resilient crops, we are: reducing degradation by introducing nutrient dense crops; offer employment opportunities for youth and women Contribute to improved health and livelihoods. Specific government requests for rehabilitation of degraded lands: Ethiopia and UAE
- 11 M/ha land in Ethiopia exposed to salinity = 9% of total land mass and 13% of the irrigated area. Annual population growth rate = 2.5%, securing food and livelihood of people will be a challenge. Increasing productivity of existing salt-affected lands and protecting new areas from the spread of salinity is of vital importance for Ethiopia. RAMSAP project is being implemented in 5 regions in Ethiopia. Amibara in Afar region (high salinity) Dubti in Afar region (high salinity), Zeway-Dugda in Oromia region (Low to Medium salinity) Shewa-Robit in Amhara region (Medium salinity) Alamata in Tigray region(Medium salinity). Achievements: Characterization of soils (include salinity) Seed multiplication and production units are established in different regions to produce sufficient seed of selected salt-affected crops and forages Capacity building and policy dialogue: So far, 750 irrigation and extension workers and farmers are trained. This include 550 men and 200 women. Formal and informal meetings were organized with the farmers and researchers to seek their feedback to strengthen scaling up strategy. High level discussions were also held with officials from MoA and research organizations in Ethiopia. The project is directly targeting 5,000 smallholder farmers for seed distribution. We expect that this phase of the project will help in reclaiming 50,000 ha.
- No negative effects of direct feeding found on sheep and goats Provides direct grazing or cut-n-carry feed options Forage-livestock integration provides opportunity for diversification of incomes through animal products (milk, meat and manure) and help in productive use of lands that are currently uneconomical to grow traditional crops
- Abu Dhabi Water Resources Master Plan- Along with Abu Dhabi Farmer Service Center, ICBA’s research led to ban on Rhodes Grass Water Conservation Strategy: Resolution banning the export of bottled water produced from groundwater to any destination outside the country; UAE Agricultural Strategy was developed and submitted the UAE Ministry of Climate Change and Environment; Developed Federal Environmental Guidelines: Under this guidelines new Draft Cabinet Resolution regarding regulating brine discharge from Seawater desalination plants is under discussion. Kuwait Food Security & Investment Strategy. The Strategy Document and Implementation Plan provide a road map for investing in key commodities for Kuwait, both under normal and crisis situations for 20 years.