Wireless Power Transfer Using Microstrip antenna using metamaterial.

1. Intelligent Communication Lab
Wireless Power Transfer Using Metamaterial
Bonded Microstrip Antenna for
Smart Grid WSN

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Outline
• Background
• Microwave Power Transmission
• System Model
• Metamaterials
• Metamaterials used in Microwave Power Transmission
• Conclusion
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Background
Nikola Tesla
Innovations:
• Alternating current
• Wireless power transmission experiments at Wardenclyffe.
• In 1899 he was able to light lamps over 25 miles away without
using wires.
• High frequency current, of a Tesla coil, could light lamps filled
with gas (like neon).
(1856-1943)
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Block Diagram For WPT
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Single Element M.R.P.A.
Design of a Patch Antenna
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Cavity Model For Patch Antenna
 A radiating patch is fabricated on a dielectric
substrate at a small fraction away from ground
plane.
 It is feeded by microstrip line feed technique.
 The region between ground plane and microstip
patch, bounded by electric conductors is a resonance
cavity

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Radiation and Polar Plot
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3-D Radiation Plot Polar Plot
Gain 7.14 dB
Radiation Efficiency -0.8591 dB
Total Efficiency -1.196 dB

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4 x Element Array
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4 element Array of Patch antenna
• Increase the overall gain
• Provide diversity reception
• Cancel out interference from a particular set of directions
• Total radiation
• The Array Factor is a function of the positions of the antennas
in the array and the weights used

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Radiation and Polar Plot
3-D Radiation Plot Polar Plot
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Gain 11.9 dB
Radiation Efficiency -1.4032 dB
Total Efficiency -1.926 dB

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Metamaterial
• Metamaterials are a new class of ordered composites that exhibit exceptional properties not readily
observed in nature.
• A periodic material that derives its properties from its structure rather than its components
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D.R. Smith - “Any material composed of a periodic microscopic structures so as to achieve desired electromagnetic
response can be referred as a metamaterial”.
Metamaterial unit cell Metamaterial structure

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History
• A. Schuster, An Introduction to the Theory of Optics 1904.
• L.I. Mandelshtam, May 5 1944 “In fact, the direction of wave propagation
is determined by its phase velocity, while energy is transported at the
group velocity.”
• A German scientist Victor Veselago in 1967 by his article “The
electrodynamics of substances with simultaneous negative values of ε
and μ”, was able to predict that :
 Metamaterials act in exact opposite manner than natural
materials (like negative refractive index).
 Waves behavior in negative refractive material.
• Dr. John Pendry showed practical method of making metamaterials in
1999 .
 Describes a perfect lens that can focus all four Fourier
components.
• David R. Smith demonstrated experimentally metamaterial in his article
"Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction“.
 The first person to create a functioning cloak of invisibility that
renders an object invisible in microwave wavelengths
V. G. Veselago
Sir John Pendry
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Properties of Metamaterials
Unique Properties Of Metamaterials
• Refractive Index is negative
r r n    
• Opposes Snell’s law
• Opposes Doppler's Effect
• Positive Impedance
• Cherenkov radiation points the other way
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 Due to their unique properties they are propagating in left hand side, they are often called as Left handed
material

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Classification of Material and
Achieving N.R.I.
Classification Of Materials Found In Nature
Achieving Negative Refractive Index (N.R.I.)
• By Using Material Having Negative Permittivity.
 They are often found in nature in some metals and
semiconductor..
 Do not give positive impedance
• By using material having negative Permeability.
 They are rarely exist in nature and that to for very low
frequency
 Do not give positive impedance
• By using material having both permittivity and
permeability negative.
 They are not found in nature.
 They are the combination of above two materials
 Posses positive impedance
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Behavior of Waves With
Metamaterials
• Maxwell equations describe all electromagnetic phenomena.
• Metamterial (Negative refractive index) changes the Maxwell’s equations which inter changes the direction of
propagation of waves.
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Normal material Metamaterial
 Pointing vector represent the direction of
propagation of waves .
Pointing vector
Comparison Of Maxwell’s Equation

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Metamaterial as Lens
• Lens tries to focus the field by applying phase correction to each Fourier
component but it did not provide amplitude amplification.
• Pendry’s proved by his articles that when an evanescent wave is passed
through a matameterial it provides:
 Phase correction
 Amplitude amplification
• Multiple refraction will focus the beam and reflection is zero when there
is no mismatch loss
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Wave propagation through metamaterial
Multiple Refraction Through A Lens Metamaterial Lens

15. Antenna Incorporated with Metamaterial
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M.R.P.A single Element 4 Element M.R.P.A array
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• Array of metamaterial structure that we have proposed had placed above the M.R.P.A. array at a
certain height from ground plane.
• Distance Between antenna and metamaterial lens is based on Impedance matching.

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Comparison of Patch Antenna Result
Without and With Metamaterial
Without metamaterial lens With metamaterial lens
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S-parameters for Patch Antenna
Without and With Lens
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Gain 7.33 dB 8.22 dB
Radiation Efficiency -0.694 dB -0.045 dB
Total Efficiency -1.025 dB -0.662 dB

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Comparison of Antenna Array Result
Without and With Metamaterial
Without metamaterial lens With metamaterial lens
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19. S-parameters for Antenna Array Without
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And With Lens
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Gain 14.05 dBi
Directivity 14.47dBi
Radiation Efficiency --0.2242 dBi

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Free Space Transmission
• The received power is for linear values of
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transmitting antenna gain and it can be seen that Pr
is increasing with increasing value of Gt.
• The receiver antenna will extract the microwave
power and provide to a schottky diode for its
conversion to dc.

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Conclusion
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• Wireless power can be transmitted to an increased range by using metamaterial with
antenna
• Use of metamaterial will improve the antenna performance.
• No altercation is required in antenna structure for achieving better or desired
performance.
• Metamaterial used with antenna can also help in avoiding interference

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Vikaram Singh
Antenna and Microwave Group
Intelligent Communication Lab (INTELCOM)
Mumbai, India
E vikram.singh@intelcomlab.com M +91 9767371987