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Metamaterials

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in nature. They are constructed with repeating patterns of conventional materials like metals and plastics. Electromagnetic metamaterials affect electromagnetic waves through structural features smaller than the wavelength of light or sound. They are classified based on properties like negative index and bandgap. Other metamaterials include elastic and acoustic types that manipulate sound waves. Potential applications include antennas, absorbers, superlenses, cloaking devices, seismic protection, and light/sound filtering.

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METAMATERIALS MARÍA FERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ AND ANA ARNAIZ 4ºC
INTRODUCTION • Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature. They are assemblies of multiple individual elements fashioned from conventional materials such as metals or plastics, but the materials are usually constructed into repeating patterns, often with microscopic structures. Metamaterials derive their properties not from the compositional properties of the base materials, but from their exactingly-designed structures. Their precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement can affect waves of light (electromagnetic radiation) or sound in a manner not observed in natural materials.
ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS • An electromagnetic metamaterial affects electromagnetic waves incident on it via structural features that are smaller than the wavelength of the respective electromagnetic wave. To behave as a homogeneous material accurately described by an effective refractive index, its features must be much smaller than the wavelength.
CLASSIFICATION • Electromagnetic metamaterials divide into different classes, as follows: -Negative index -Single negative -Electromagnetic bandgap -Double positive medium -Bi-isotropic and bianisotropic -Chiral -FSS based
OTHER TYPES OF METAMATERIALS • Elastic: these are a type of metamaterial that uses different parameters to achieve a negative index of refraction in materials that are not electromagnetic. • Acoustic: acoustic metamaterials control, direct and manipulate sound in the form of sonic, infrasonic, or ultrasonic waves in gases, liquids and solids. As with electromagnetic waves, sonic waves can exhibit negative refraction. Hybrid elastic metamaterials Acoustic metamaterials
APPLICATIONS -Antennas: are a class of antennas that use metamaterials to improve performance. -Absorber: a metamaterial absorber manipulates the loss components of metamaterials permittivity and magnetic permeability, to absorb large amounts of electromagnetic radiation. -Superlens: uses metamaterials to achieve resolution beyond the diffraction limit. -Cloaking devices: metamaterials are a potential basis for a practical cloaking device. -Seismic protection: seismic metamaterials counteract the adverse effects of seismic waves on man-made structures. -Light and sound filtering: metamaterials textured with nanoscale wrinkles could control sound or light signals, such as changing a material's color or for improving ultrasound resolution.
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