A microstrip patch antenna consists of conducting patch of any planar and nonplanar design on one side of the geometry. In this study, Microstrip patch antennas are designed as a rectangular patch antenna form in which slots are a shape of octagon slotted in the Radiating patch. Calculating all its geometric characteristics easily make this shape usage advantageous in Microstrip patch antenna design. The basic structure of Microstrip patch antenna is given through the rectangular patch and runs though two slotted to generate multiband characteristics. The initial dimension of the rectangular patch is taken at the resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz.The dielectric material used is epoxy /glass {FR4}. The three designs of the Microstrip patch are the Zero slot rectangular patch antenna, Single slot rectangular patch antenna and the five slots rectangular patch antenna. These designed rectangular patch antennas have various multiband applications. All the three designs of the rectangular patch antenna are simulated from the Zeland-IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The Simulations are done for the frequency range of 0 to 6 GHz. . These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.

1. Shobhit University, Meerut, India
by
VISHANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY
(Roll No.: MRT14PGVLSI003)
Under the supervision of
DR. NIRAJ SINGHAL
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and I.T.
Shobhit University
Meerut
MR. SUDARSHAN KUMAR
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics Engineering
IIMT Engineering College
Meerut

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Related work
• Proposed work
• Implementation and results
• Conclusion
• Future Scope
• Publication toward thesis
• References
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

3. Introduction to Microstrip Antenna
Microstrip antennas are planar resonant cavities that leak from their
edges and radiate. We can utilize printed circuit techniques to etch
the antennas on soft substrates to produce low-cost and repeatable
antennas in a low profile.
The main disadvantage of Microstrip patch antenna is its narrow
band width, lower gain and low power handling capacity.
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

4. A microstrip antenna consists of….
• A radiating patch
• A dielectric substrate
• A ground plane
• Patch conductor should be of copper or gold ,
Relative dielectric constant εr of the substrate should
be low
(2 < εr < 10)
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5. Related Work
Feeding Techniques
 Coaxial / Probe feeding
The inner conductor of coaxial connector is passing through
the substrate and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the
outer conductor is connected to the ground plane.
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

6.  Microstrip Line Feeding
In this type of feeding a microstrip transmission line is etched
directly to the edge of patch which remains the total structure
in same plane.
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7.  Aperture-Coupled Feed
In this type of feed the aperture coupling consists of two
substrates separated by a ground plane. The ground plane is
separated the radiating patch and microstrip line which
locate at the bottom of lower substrate. The coupling is
achieved through an electrically small aperture or slot cut in
the ground plane.
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8.  Proximity-Coupled Feed
It's also called Electromagnetically Coupled ECMSA. It’s also
consisting of two substrates. The microstrip feed line is locate
between two substrate and the radiating patch is located in the
top of upper substrate
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9. Advantages of Microstrip Antenna
• Light weight ,low volume and thin profile configuration
which can be made conformal
• Low fabrication cost
• Linear and circular polarization are possible with simple
feed
• Feed lines and matching network can be simultaneously
with the antenna structure
Disadvantages of Microstrip Antenna
• Most microstrip antenna radiate into half space
• Narrow bandwidth
• Complex feed structure for arrays
• Excitation of surface wave
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

10. Designed Rectangular Patch Antennas
Design Parameters
• Resonating Frequency= 2.4 GHz
• Dielectric Material FR4 /glass epoxy
• Dielectric Constant = 4.4
• Loss Tangent = 0.02
Calculated dimension of the patch
• Length (L) =28 mm
• Width (W) = 38 mm
• Feeding done is coaxial / Probe Feed and the feed location is
at coordinates (6, 6.5)
PROPOSED WORK
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11. Three simulated microstrip Patch antenna Designs
ZSMPA SSMPA FSMPA
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12. • A octagon shape polygon is cut in the radiating patch which
has dimensional radius of approximately λg/8 in the single
slotted structure and four additional slot is cut symmetrically
of dimensional radius approximately λg/16.IE3D
electromagnetic simulator is used for simulation.
• The length and width of the rectangular patch in all the patch
antennas are 28 mm and 38 mm respactively.
• These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially
available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86
GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz
for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this
shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range
for commercial application.
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

13. Fabricated Microstrip Patch Antenna
TOP VIEW BACK VIEW
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14. Simulated and Fabricated Results
Return loss Curve
 For ZSMPA
Three resonating band occurs at 1.86 GHz with return loss -
23.19 dB, 2.46 GHz with return loss -15.6 dB and 5.52 GHz
with return loss -14.4 dB.
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15.  For SSMPA
The resonating bands occurs at 1.65 GHz with return loss -
12.22 dB, 2.21 GHz with the return loss -15 dB, 3.12 GHz with
the return loss -11 dB, 5.2 GHz with the return loss -13.35 dB
and 5.39 GHz with the return loss -14.65 dB.
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16.  For FSMPA
The bands occurs at frequencies 1.61 GHz with the return
loss -12.6 dB, 2.25 GHz with the return loss -14.5 dB, 3.47 GHz
with the return loss -10.92 dB, 4.85 GHz with the return loss -35.23
dB, 5.4 GHz with the return loss -10.50 dB and 5.9 GHz with the
return loss -16.70 dB.
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17. VSWR Curve
 For ZSMPA
The VSWR lies between 1 to 2 at the resonating
frequencies 1.86 GHz , 2.46 GHz and 5.52 GHz.
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18.  For SSMPA
From the above curve it is shown that VSWR lies from
1 to 2 at frequencies at 1.65 GHz, 2.21 GHz, 3.12 GHz,
and 5.39 GHz for the SSMPA.
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19.  For FSMPA
Fig. shows that at all the six resonating frequency the voltage
standing wave ratio is lies between one to two. At the frequency
of 1.6 GHz, 2.3 GHz, 3.4 GHz, 4.8 GHz, 5.4 GHz, 5.9 GHz
and this shows the perfect matching condition between the
coaxial probe impedance and the patch input impedance.
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20. Directivity Curve
It is noticeable that average value of directivity stands
at 8 dBi and approaches up 10.5 dBi and curve is
approximately same in all the designs.
BLACK-ZSMPA
VIOLET- SSMPA
GREEN-FSMPA
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21. Radiation Efficiency Curve
The radiation efficiency of the designed patch antennas
averaged because the dielectric material is lossy.
BLACK-ZSMPA
VIOLET- SSMPA
GREEN-FSMPA
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22. Total Field Gain
BLACK-ZSMPA
VIOLET- SSMPA
GREEN-FSMPA
Figure 5.13 shows the curve between the antenna gain Vs
frequency. In the entire curve, black color for zero slot and
violet color for single slot and green color is for five slots.
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23. 3D Radiation Pattern
ZSMPA (2.45 GHz) SSMPA(5.3 GHz) FSMPA(4.48 GHz)
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24. Testing Of FSMPA
The testing of FSMPA is done at the Ambedkar Institute of
Advanced Communication Technology & Research Center New
Delhi by the Agilent Technologies Spectrum Analyzer N 5230A.
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25. Measured Results
 Return Loss Curve on analyzer
The S11 vs. frequency curve measurement curve is shown in the
Figure. SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

26.  VSWR Curve on analyser
The VSWR vs frequency measurement curve is shown in the
Figure. The above curve shows the good correlation between the
simulated and measured value of the five slots Microstrip patch
antenna.
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27.  Comparison Curve of return loss Of FSMPA
The comparison Curve shows that resonating frequency is
almost same in both the simulated and measured curve.
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28. Applications
 GSM
 ISM
 WLAN-IEEE-802.11(a, b, g and n)
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29. CONCLUSION
•In this study, parameters on the basis of reflection coefficient S11,
electrical parameters like resonant frequency, directivity, gain and
radiation efficiency of the patches and two dimensional radiation
patterns are investigated.
• All of the three patch antennas have more than one resonant
frequency. Therefore, the proposed antennas have satisfactory
characteristics for use as multiband communication antennas.
•A new shape of slot in the radiating patch is taken in the two
slotted forms.
•The feeding technique used in all the three forms of the patch
antennas are coaxial probe feeding.
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30. FUTURE SCOPE
•In future studies the formulas used for designing the star shape
Microstrip patch antennas will arrange to give a direct result of
the star arm length and resonant frequency.
• In future other different type of feed techniques can be used to
calculate the overall performance of the antenna without
missing the optimized parameters in the action.
• The same design method is used at different dielectric
material of low loss tangent specially to enhance radiation
efficiency.
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

31. 1. Vishant kumar choudhary, Sudershan kumar and Dr.
Niraj Singal, “Design of Octagon shape microstrip patch
antenna for multiband application”, International journal of
applied science and technology, Vol. 4 Issue. 1, pp. 36-40,
January 2015.
PUBLICATIONS TOWARDS THESIS
SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

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Electrical Engineering, Vol. 3, No.5, October, 2015.
Contd..SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

33. 8. R. Garg et al., “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook”, Artech Hous, Boston, 2001
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