The document discusses different types of hypotheses: - Directional hypotheses specify the expected direction of relationships between variables, while non-directional hypotheses do not. - Hypotheses can take declarative, null, question, or predictive forms. Declarative hypotheses state expected relationships, while null hypotheses state no relationship exists. Question hypotheses are research questions. Predictive hypotheses allow researchers to state expected principles. - Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their meanings.

2. Types of Hypotheses
Directional Hypotheses.
Non Directional Hypotheses.

3. DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
 The hypothesis which stipulates the
direction of the expected differences or
relationship.
 Directional hypothesis is a statement of
conjuncture where the two variables of the
study are expressed as having some
relationship in a certain direction.
Example; There will be a positive relationship
between extra coaching and academic
achievement.

4. NON DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
 A research hypothesis which does not
specify the direction of expected difference or
relationships is a non directional research
hypothesis.
 In this case the difference can be in any
direction.
Example; There will be a difference in
adaptability of fathers and mothers towards
rearing of their children.

5. On the basis of types
Declarative hypothesis
Null hypothesis
Question form
Prediction form

6. Declarative Form
 It generally states a relationship between the
variables concerned.
 When the researcher makes a positive statement
about the outcome if the study, the hypothesis takes
the declarative form.
 Example;There will be a significant difference in the
instructional standards of boys and girls in schools.

7. Null Hypotheses
 The null hypothesis is the negative statement.
 It states that no significant difference exists
between the variables concerned.
 Null Hypothesis can be tested statistically. So it is
termed as statistical hypothesis.
 When declarative hypothesis tested statistically by
converting them to null form they are also called
testing hypothesis.

8. Question Form Hypotheses
 Researcher having finalized their problem of
research, raise certain questions which must
be answered through their research.
 Research questions are generally called
interrogative hypothesis.

9. Alternative Hypotheses
 It is one in which a difference between two or
more variables is anticipated by the
researcher.
 It can be non directional or directional.

10. Predication Form Hypotheses
 It is chosen because it allows the research worker to
state principles which he actually expects to emerge
from the experiment.
 It is more useful action research studies.

11. Thank You