The document provides an overview of hydrogen-based fuel cell technology. It discusses the history of fuel cells from their invention in 1839 to current applications in vehicles. The document outlines the working of a fuel cell and explains why fuel cell technology is needed to reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. It also discusses challenges like high costs, lack of infrastructure and durability issues that need to be addressed for widespread adoption of fuel cells.
this is the report on Hydrogen Fuel cell. which is the future of vehicles & probably future of electric vehicles.
Hydrogen Fuel cell is the one part or type of fuel cell.
here is the working, advantages, disadvantages of fuel cell vehicles.
as well as there are list of popular fuel cell vehicles recently launched.
23-03-2020
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are zero emission and run on compressed hydrogen fed into a fuel cell "stack" that produces electricity to power the vehicle. A fuel cell can be used in combination with an electric motor to drive a vehicle – quietly, powerfully and cleanly.
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
this is the report on Hydrogen Fuel cell. which is the future of vehicles & probably future of electric vehicles.
Hydrogen Fuel cell is the one part or type of fuel cell.
here is the working, advantages, disadvantages of fuel cell vehicles.
as well as there are list of popular fuel cell vehicles recently launched.
23-03-2020
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are zero emission and run on compressed hydrogen fed into a fuel cell "stack" that produces electricity to power the vehicle. A fuel cell can be used in combination with an electric motor to drive a vehicle – quietly, powerfully and cleanly.
this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect
This is a presentation given during our studies at the Moore School of Business of the University of South Carolina on hydrogen fuel cell technologies.
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
PEM Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
Presentation prepared for "Engineering Masterclasses" programme, run by the Royal Institution / Royal Academy of Engineering - aimed to teach kids abotu Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology in a simple and accessible way!
This is a presentation given during our studies at the Moore School of Business of the University of South Carolina on hydrogen fuel cell technologies.
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
PEM Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
Presentation prepared for "Engineering Masterclasses" programme, run by the Royal Institution / Royal Academy of Engineering - aimed to teach kids abotu Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology in a simple and accessible way!
An Overview and Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologyalecgugel1
A literature review covering the various types of hydrogen fuel cells, production methods, storage methods, and the advantages and drawbacks of each of these factors.
Jamie McBrien's IET PATW presentation describes what fuel cell vehicles are and why they being developed. The common myth regarding their safety is highlighted. Before concluding it also provides a comparison to electric vehicle performance.
A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) uses a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity, which powers an electric motor for propulsion, emitting only water vapor as a byproduct.
Hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) serves as the primary fuel that powers the vehicle. In a fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with oxygen from the air in an electrochemical process, producing electricity, water vapor, and heat. This electricity is then used to power the electric motor that drives the vehicle. The use of hydrogen in fuel cells offers a clean energy alternative, as the only emission from this process is water, making it an environmentally friendly option compared to traditional fossil fuels.
Fuel cells are known for their high efficiency, low emissions, and quiet operation, making them attractive for a wide range of applications, including transportation (such as hydrogen-powered vehicles), stationary power generation, and portable electronics.
This was for my college seminar. This will tell you all about different kinds of fuel cells, their advantages, limitations and applications. Hope this was informative.
This report discusses new advances in technologies like regenerative breaking, mass production that reduces cost, battery management system, and higher battery life and battery efficiency are the few of the techies that made electric cars a within the reach of the common man.
Fuel Cell System and Their Technologies A Reviewijtsrd
Renewable energy generation is quickly rising in the power sector industry and extensively used for two groups grid connected and standalone system. This paper gives the insights about fuel cell process and application of many power electronics systems. The fuel cell voltage drops bit by bit with increase in current because of losses related with fuel cell. It is difficult to control large rated fuel cell based power system without regulating tool. The issue associated with fuel based structural planning and the arrangements are extensively examined for all sorts of applications. In order to increase the reliability of fuel cell based power system, the combination of energy storage system and advanced research methods are focused in this paper. The control algorithms of power architecture for the couple of well-known applications are discussed. Rameez Hassan Pala "Fuel Cell System and Their Technologies: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20316.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/20316/fuel-cell-system-and-their-technologies-a-review/rameez-hassan-pala
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
HYDROGEN BASED Fuel cell
1.
2. HYDROGEN BASED FUEL CELL
TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY : ZEESHAN ALI
ROLL NO : 3806
(2016)
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY FSD
3. HISTORY
The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in
1801.
William Grove, a chemist invented the first working fuel cell in 1839.
First commercial use of fuel cells was in NASA space programs to
generate power for probes, satellites and space capsules
In 1966, General Motors developed the first fuel cell road vehicle, the
Chevrolet Electrovan. It had a PEM fuel cell a range of 120 miles and a top
speed of 70 mph.
Fuel cell stacks were still limited principally to space applications in the
1980s, including the Space Shuttle by NASA.
7. WHY WE NEED FUEL CELL
Cars and trucks using petroleum fuels are one of
the leading causes of air pollution.
Air pollution is single handedly responsible for up
to 30,000 premature deaths each year.
In 2013, transportation contributed more than half
of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and
almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into
our air.
8. Ozone depletion which can impair vision and
breathing. From 1979 to the present, the hole has
deepened within which ozone concentration has
fallen by almost 40%.
Global warming due to continuous increase in
temperature.
Getting hard to fulfill the increasing fuel
requirements.
Acid rain which is harmful for humans and plants
equally.
9. WHAT IS FUEL CELL?
A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a
chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has a electrolyte,
two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called,
respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions
that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.
10. WORKING
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines
hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with water and
heat as its by-product. In its simplest form, a single fuel cell
consists of two electrodes - an anode and a cathode - with an
electrolyte between them.
11.
12. • At the anode the oxidation reaction occur and
at the cathode the reduction reaction occur.
In the oxidation reaction, the H convert into –ve and +ve
ions.
In the reduction reaction, the O convert into ions.
14. Hydrogen ?? What is it ?
Hydrogen gas glows
purple when ionized.
I am the lightest element and
am gas at normal temperature
and pressure. I condenses to
liquid at temperatures of -
253° Celsius.
15. Hydrogen ?? What is It ?
In Greek, hydrogen means "water-
former".
NGC 604, a giant
region of ionized
hydrogen in the
Triangulum Galaxy
Hydrogen is not a
fuel…it is a way of
storing and transporting
energy , similar to a
battery.
17. FORMATION OF ELECTROLYTE
The electrolyte material is considered to be the heart of a Fuel cell.
It can be prepared by co-precipitation or Sol-gel method but the co-
precipitation method is so suitable. Because for fuel cell the
electrolyte must be dense. If the electrolyte more dense them the
ions pass more quickly from them.
The selection of the material for the electrolyte must be based on
that the electrolyte must be stop the flow of electron and only ions
pass from them. And mostly it is based on Cerium oxide and
zerconia oxide.
The nanocompsite are placed on electrolyte for improving the
working of fuel cell.
18. Formation of electrodes
In fuel cell, anode electrodes are prepare by NiO , ZnO, CuO etc and
noble material but mostly used NiO due to low cost.
The following property must be in our mind for selecting anod material
1- stability in reducing environment.
2- sufficient electronic and ionic conductivity.
3- porous structure.
4- thermal expansion coefficient matching electrolyte.
5- higly catalytic activity.
The anode electrodes are mostly prepare by using the Sol-gel method.
The cathode electrodes are prepare by (Sm, Sr)CoO3, (Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ ,
(GdBaCoO5+δ), (La1-xSrxMnO3) etc.
19. The following property must be in our mind for selecting cathode
material
1- stability in oxidizing environment.
2- sufficient electronic and ionic conductivity.
3- porous structure.
4- thermal expansion coefficient matching electrolyte.
The mostly cathode electrodes are prepared by Sol-gel method .
22. Hydrogen Technology Development In
India
Production of hydrogen by photo electrolysis of water using
solar energy
Production of hydrogen by blue green algae & by certain
bacterial species
Storage of hydrogen through metal hydride / non metal
hydride
Problems relating to utilization of hydrogen as a fuel,that is
developed for certain engines and fuel etc.
Liquid hydrogen production, storage and utilization.
23. Types of the fuel cell
There are many types of the fuel cell on
the basis of electrolyte materials.
25. MERITS
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) powered by pure hydrogen emit no GHGs
from their tailpipe, only heat and water.
FCVs could reduce our dependence on foreign oil since hydrogen can
be derived from domestic sources, such as natural gas and coal, as
well as renewable resources such as water, biogas, and agricultural
waste. That would make our economy less dependent on other
countries
Fuel cells have a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines.
Hydrogen is a renewable fuel source as it is very plentiful. The trick is
to break the water molecules down to release it.
26. MERITS(CONTINUED)
Unlike all-electric vehicles (EVs), FCV’s hold a comparable
distance range and refueling time to gasoline vehicles.
Unlike vehicles which have internal combustion engine,
FCV’s require less maintainance.
Low noise pollution and thermal pollution.
Unlike electric vehicles FCV’s does not require recharging.
27. CHALLENGES
FCVs are currently more expensive than conventional
vehicles and hybrids, but costs have decreased significantly
and are approaching to more affordable rates till 2017.
The current infrastructure for producing, delivering, and
dispensing hydrogen to consumers cannot yet support the
widespread adoption of FCVs.
Warranty issues on major electric components. Dealership
and repair shop not familiar with new components.
Great amount of policy support and investment is essential to
achieve market readiness.
28. CHALLEHGES (CONTINUED)
Fuel cell technology must be embraced by consumers
before its benefits can be realized. They must become
familiar with a new kind of fuel. Public education can
accelerate this process.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the lack of sufficient
infrastructure for hydrogen refueling, and the cost of the
catalysts. Platinum is one of the most commonly used
catalysts for fuel cells, but it's very expensive.
31. Challenges to Fuel Cell Technology
Durability and Reliability
Durability of fuel cell systems have not yet been adequately
established
The durability standard for automobiles is approximately
150,000 miles and the ability to function under normal
vehicle operating conditions
For stationary systems 40,000 hours of reliable operation in
a temperature range of -35 degree Celsius to 40 degrees
Celsius will be required for market acceptance
32. Disadvantages
Activation losses
These losses are caused by the slowness of the reaction taking place
on the surface of the electrodes.
Ohmic losses
The voltage drop due to the resistance to the flow of electrons through
the material of the electrodes.
This loss varies linearly with current density.
Concentration losses
Losses that result from the change in concentration of the reactants at
the surface of the electrodes as the fuel is used.
Fuel crossover losses
Losses that result from the waste of fuel passing through the electrolyte
and electron conduction through the electrolyte.
33. (a) Stationary energy resources:
•Power for municipalities, rural areas and industries.
•Heat and electricity for homes.
•Long-lasting mobile power for computers, cell phones and other
electronics
(b) Transportation:
•Non polluting automobiles
•Inexpensive fuels
(c) Military applications:
• Fuel cells could significantly reduce deployment costs
Other Applications
35. Application type portable stationary Transport
Definition Units that are built into, or
charge up, products that are
designed to be moved
including auxiliary power
units(APU)
Units that provide
electricity(and sometimes
heat)
but are not designed to be
moved
Units that produced
propulsive power or range
extension to a vehicle
Power range 5W to20KW O.5 KW to 400KW 1KW to 100KW
Technology PEMFC
DMFC
PEMFC PAFC
MCFC SOFC
PEMFC
DMFC
examples Non-motive APU
Military
applications(portable
soldier-borne power)
Portable products(torches,
battery chargers)
Large stationary combined
heat and power(CHP)
Small stationary micro-CHP
Uninterruptible power
sources(UPS)
Fuel cell electric
vehicles(FCEV)
Trucks and buses
36. PRESENT STATUS
Fuel cell industry began its road to commercialisation in 2007
An 11.2 MW installation in Korea is the world’s largest fuel cell power
plant till today
In Germany more than 250 fuel cell micro-CHP system have been
installed under the callux programme
Commercial production of fuel cell scooters has started in Taiwan in
2012
At the end of 2011, 215 hydrogen refuelling stations was in operation
worldwide. The stations are located in Europe (85), North America
(80), Asia Pacific (47) and the Rest of the World (3).
In USA, at the end of 2011 Clear Edge has over 100 installations of its 5
kW ClearEdge5 HT PEMFC unit in California
37. Hyundai ix35 FCEV, Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-CELL Mercedes-Benz
Citron fuel cell buses
In May 2012, the world’s largest platinum producer Anglo American
Platinum launched a fuel cell powered mine locomotive prototype.
Some of the agencies involved in development of fuel cells in India are
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources (MNES)
Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)
Indian Railways,
Indian Institute of Science and Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute,
Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI), Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
(BHEL), and Reva Electric Car Company
At Vijayawada and Chennai hydrogen filling station are established
39. Bush Administration’s Hydrogen Commitment
500 meter tons of carbon saved each year by 2040
Reduce demand for
oil by 11 million
barrels per day by
2040
Child born in 2003 to
drive a hydrogen car at age 16
40. REFEreNCE
Khan, B.H., Non Conventional Energy Resources,,New
Delhi: McGraw-Hill Third Reprint 2008
Kothari,D.P, Singhal K.C,Ranja,Rakesh,Renewable Energy Sources and
Emerging Technologies,New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited
Second Edition Nov 2011
Nice,Karim and Strickland, Jonathan. "How Fuel Cells Work:
Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells". How Stuff Works,
accessed August 4, 2011
http://openaccesslibrary.org/images/HAR224_Adesh_Sharma.pdf
http://policy.rutgers.edu/ceeep/hydrogen/education/Thermodynami
csFuelCells.pdf
http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/media/1713685/fct_review_2012.pdf