here the slides describes about hybrid vehicle with other alternatives briefly.

1. „Comparison of Fuel-Cell-Vehicles
with Other Alternative Systems
Dr. Johannes Töpler, Deutscher Wasserstoff- und
Brennstoffzellenverband (DWV)

2. 0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1920 1960 2000 2040 2080
Coal
Nat.Gas
Oil
Nuclear Energy
Wind
PV
SOT
Biomass
Mtoe [Millions of Tons of Oil Equivalent]
Quelle: LBST Alternative World Energy Outlook 2005
Jahr
A possible Scenario of World Energy
Solarthermal
Electricity
Geothermal Heat
Geothermal
Electricity
PV Electricity
Water Power
Wind Power
Solarthermal Heat

3. Future primary energy supply

4. Supply cannot
satisfy demand
Supply outreaches
demand by far
Vertical load curve and feed-in of wind power in E.ON grid
Vertical load
Wind power 2007
Estimated wind
power 2020
Date
Fluctuating renewable electricity

5. HydrogenElectricity
or:
Hydrogen as secondary energy carrier

6. Comparison of netto-storage capacities
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Zeit in d
WindLeistunginMW
AA CAES
Pumpspeicher
H2 (GuD)
Bei einem Speichervolumen von V = 8 Mio. m³
8 Mio. m3 correspond to the biggest German natural gas caverne field
For comparison: Pump storage Goldisthal has a Volume of 12 Mio. m3
Pump storage
5 GWh
AA CAES
23 GWh
H2 – Gas /vapor turbine
ca. 1.300 GWh (1.3 TWh)
Time (days)
WindPowerinMW
Storage volume of V = 8 Mio. m3
Source: KBB UT

8. Electric
Drive
System
Module
Fuel Cell Stack
Power Distribution Unit
(PDU)
Hydrogen Storage
Cooling
System
Daimler, FCell Packaging
Battery

9. Fuel Cell vehicle
Mercedes-Benz B-Class
Lithium-Ion
battery
Electric motor
Air module
Hydrogen
tank
Hydrogen
module
Fuel
Cell
Hydrogen
module
Essential Facts
1) Vehicle is constructed,
fabricated and approved
under serial condititions.
2) It was tested by a turn of
125 days around the
world with 30.000km
3) Start of serial production
in 2017

10. B-Class F-Cell
Next generation of the
fuel cell-power train:
• Higher stack lifetime
(>2000h)
• Increased power
• Higher reliability
• Freeze start ability
• Li-Ion Battery
Size
- 40%
[l/100km
Consumption
- 16%
[kW]
Power
+30%
[km]
Range
+135%Technical Data
Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz A-Class (Long)
Fuel Cell
System
PEM, 72 kW (97 hp)
Engine
Engine Output (Continuous /
Peak):
45 kW / 65 kW (87hp)
Max. Torque: 210 Nm
Fuel Hydrogen (35 MPa / 5,000 psi)
Range 105 miles (170 km / NEDC)
Top Speed 88 mph (140 km/h)
Battery
NiMh, Output (Continuous /
Peak): 15 kW / 20 kW (27hp);
Capacity: 6 Ah, 1.2 kWh
Technical Data
Vehicle Type Mercedes-Benz B-Class
Fuel Cell
System
PEM, 90 kW (122 hp)
Engine
IPT Engine Output
(Continuous/ Peak) 70kW /
100kW (136hp)
Max. Torque: 290 Nm
Fuel
Compressed Hydrogen (70
MPa / 10,000 psi)
Range ca. 250 miles (400 km)
Top Speed 106 mph (170 km/h)
Battery
Li-Ion, Output (Continuous/
Peak): 24 kW / 30 kW (40hp);
Capacity 6.8 Ah, 1.4 kWh
A-Class F-Cell
Progress Fuel Cell Technology
Next Generation FCVs

11. Concept of Honda

12. After 2015, with lowered vehicle production costs and further developed hydrogen
infrastructure, Hyundai will begin manufacturing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles for
consumer retail sales.
The ix35 Fuel Cell Specifications
The Hyundai Strategy, published on Feb. 27th 2013
Hyundai plans to build 1,000 ix35 Fuel Cell vehicles by 2015 for lease to public and
private fleets, primarily in Europe, where the European Union has established a
hydrogen road map and initiated construction of hydrogen fueling stations.

13. „Phileas-Bus“ in Cologne
in daily use in public trafic
Source: HyCologne -Wasserstoff
Region Rheinland

14. Source: Vossloh

16. Anode: H2  2 H+ + 2 e-
Cathode: 2 H+ + ½O2 + 2 e-  H2O
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sum: H2 + ½O2  H2O
CnH2(n+1) + (3n+1)/2 O2  nCO2 + (n+1)/2 H2O
Comparison of Power-Trains I
Gasoline/ Diesel- Vehicles
H2/FC- vehicles
Battery-
Vehicles
(double range)
I
Cathode: LixCn  nC + x Li+ + x e-
Anode: Li1-xMn2O4+ xLi +xe-  LiMn2O4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------
Batt.: Li1-xMn2O4+ LixCn  LiMn2O4 + nC

17. Electricity-
Management
Powertrain of a H2/FC-hybrid-vehicle

18. Market segments for battery-
and fuel cell vehicles
Original-Source: Coalition Study
Annual
range
(1000 km)
< 10
> 20
10- 20
Compakt Class Medium Class Comfort-Class
c l a s s o f v e h i c l e s
Fuel cell vehicles
hybridised
Battery-
Vehicles
Plug-in-Vehicles
FC- Vehicles

19. As personal mobility, EV is viable for inner-city travel, and FCHV
for inter-city travel.
Cover Area of FCHV and EV
EV: inner-city
FCHV: inter-city travelSmall
Middle
Large
Short-range Middle-range Long-range
Commuter
Town use
Long-distance trucks
Expressway buses
Middle & large
passenger cars
City bus
Courier vehicles
EV
FCHV
PHV
(Biofuel)
Concept of TOYOTA

20. Number of passenger vehicles (hybrid)
which can be supplied per ha
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Biodiesel(RM
E)Ethanolw
heat
Ethanolshortrotation
forestryBio-m
ethane
BTL
CGH2
shortrotation
forestry
LH2
shortrotation
forestry
CGH2
PV
LH2
PV
CGH2
w
indpow
er
LH2
windpow
er
[Passengervehicles/ha]
Diesel engine
Otto engine
Fuel cell
Bandwidth
Annual mileage passenger vehicle: 12,000 km
Reference vehicle: VW Golf
*) *)
*) more than 99% of the land area can still
be used for other purposes e.g. agriculture
Source: LBST

21. Comparison of Fuel Cell System and
Internal Combustion Engine
Power in %
Efficiencyin%
Medium Power
Passenger Car Bus /Truck
with Hydrogen
Fuel Cell Systems
Source: IBZ

22. 50 ltr. E 10
5 ltr. Ethanol^=
12,5 kg Wheat
106 MJ (29,4 kWh)
80 MJ (22,2 kWh)
9,5 kg Wheat
22 kg Wheat
Necessary area of farmland: 39 m2
Consumption: 6l/100 km 2,5 kg Bread /100 km
E10-Balance
External Energy
Not CO2-free !
Alternative
Annual range :15 000km 375 kg Bread = 585 m2 Farmland^

23. J.Töpler
η(%)
100
70
54
30
12
Comparison hydrogen „ Wind-Gas“
for mobile application
Efficiencies:
η (elektrolysis) = 70%
η (Sabatier) = 78%
η (NEDC, ICE) = 22%
η (NEDC, FC) = 42%
Electricity
from
Wind&PV
Elektrolysis Methani-
sation
(Sabatier)
Transport
Distribution
Fuel Cell
Combustion

24. J.Töpler
Eprim
8,3
4,5
2,4
1
Electricity
from
Wind&PV
Elektrolysis Methani-
sation
(Sabatier)
Transport
Distribution
Fuel Cell
Combustion
3,4
5,8
Efficiencies:
η (elektrolysis) = 70%
η (Sabatier) = 78%
η (NEDC, ICE) = 22%
η (NEDC, FC) = 42%
Comparison hydrogen „ Wind-Gas“
for mobile application

25. “Optiresource” (Daimler AG)
See:
http://www2.daimler.com/sustainability/
optiresource/index.html

26. Thank you very much for your attention!
And see us occasionally at
www.dwv-info.de!
Which are the questions I can answer at first?