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The document summarizes key concepts in biology and chemistry. It defines three domains that species are grouped in: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. It also outlines the correct order of the scientific method as observe, ask questions, make hypotheses, make predictions, and conduct tests. Finally, it provides a definition of biology as the study of organisms, their characteristics, functions, and interactions.
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1) Dalton's Atomic Theory states that all matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.
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3) Atoms of different elements combine in whole number proportions to form compounds, such as water which is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
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John Dalton developed atomic theory in the early 1800s based on careful chemical measurements. The main postulates of Dalton's atomic theory were that matter is composed of very tiny indivisible particles called atoms, atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, and atoms of different elements have different properties and combine in small whole number ratios. While some aspects have been updated, Dalton's atomic theory of atoms as the basic building blocks of matter remains valid in modern chemistry.
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Dalton's atomic theory proposed that:
1) Matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and properties.
3) Atoms of different elements vary in size, mass and properties.
The theory had limitations such as not explaining Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes or the nature of atomic bonding.
Modern atomic theory has updated that:
1) Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles like electrons and protons.
2) Atoms are destructible through nuclear processes converting mass to energy.
3) Atoms of a given element can differ in mass and properties as
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John Dalton developed atomic theory in 1808, proposing six main postulates: 1) Matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms, 2) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, 3) Atoms of different elements differ in mass and properties, 4) Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds, 5) In compounds the relative number and type of atoms is fixed, and 6) Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided in chemical reactions. Dalton's theory did not account for isotopes or allotropes which have atoms of varying masses or properties within an element.
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1) The document discusses key terms related to chemistry and biology including word parts like "-ase" denoting enzymes and "-ose" denoting sugars.
2) It explains the components of atoms including protons, neutrons, and electrons, and defines elements and compounds giving examples like water and salt.
3) The four main macromolecules are described as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, with examples like sugars, fats, DNA and RNA, and meats.
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This is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the topic or lesson: Dalton's Atomic Model. It also includes the history of John Dalton, characteristics and concepts of Dalton's Atomic Model.
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Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. The theory was based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, and the law of constant proportions, which says that elements combine in definite proportions. Dalton put forth several postulates of the theory, including that atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties and combine in small whole number ratios to form compounds. However, the theory had some drawbacks, as atoms are now known to be divisible and some atoms of different elements have the same mass.
Dalton's Atomic Theory
John Dalton developed atomic theory in the early 1800s based on careful chemical measurements. The main postulates of Dalton's atomic theory were that matter is composed of very tiny indivisible particles called atoms, atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, and atoms of different elements have different properties and combine in small whole number ratios. While some aspects have been updated, Dalton's atomic theory of atoms as the basic building blocks of matter remains valid in modern chemistry.
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Dalton's Atomic Theory proposed that elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms, all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, and compounds are composed of two or more elements where a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
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1) The document discusses the scientific method and how it is used to classify and understand matter through careful observation, hypothesis testing, and developing general theories.
2) Matter can be classified based on its physical state as solid, liquid, or gas, which is determined by the structure and motion of atoms and molecules. It can also be classified based on its composition as pure substances like elements and compounds, or mixtures.
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Hadrons are composite particles that are made up of smaller parts. They include particles like protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nucleus. Protons and neutrons are examples of hadrons, which are composite particles consisting of even smaller fundamental particles.
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The document discusses the key differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines an element as a pure substance made of only one type of atom. A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined, forming molecules. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated through physical means alone.
John dalton[1]
John Dalton was an English chemist who developed modern atomic theory in the early 1800s. He proposed that all matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms, which are identical for a given element but differ between elements. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds, and chemical reactions involve atoms combining, separating, or rearranging. Dalton's atomic theory laid the foundation for understanding the composition and behavior of matter at the atomic scale.
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Dalton's atomic theory proposed that:
1) Matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms.
2) Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and properties.
3) Atoms of different elements vary in size, mass and properties.
The theory had limitations such as not explaining Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes or the nature of atomic bonding.
Modern atomic theory has updated that:
1) Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles like electrons and protons.
2) Atoms are destructible through nuclear processes converting mass to energy.
3) Atoms of a given element can differ in mass and properties as
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Chemists classify matter as either mixtures or pure substances. Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means. Pure substances are either elements, which cannot be broken down further, or compounds, which are combinations of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Various separation techniques can be used to separate mixtures based on differences in their physical properties such as density, boiling point, and solubility. These include filtration, crystallization, magnetic separation, distillation, and decantation. Dalton's atomic theory proposed that all matter is composed of indivisible atoms and that atoms of different elements have different properties. Chemical reactions involve the combination and rearrangement of atoms rather than
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The fundamental unit of matter is the atom. Elements contain only one type of atom and have distinct physical and chemical properties, while compounds contain two or more different types of atoms bonded together. Pure substances have a fixed composition and cannot be separated into simpler substances through physical changes alone. Mixtures have a variable composition and their components can be separated into pure substances using physical methods.
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John Dalton developed atomic theory in 1808, proposing six main postulates: 1) Matter is made of extremely small indivisible particles called atoms, 2) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, 3) Atoms of different elements differ in mass and properties, 4) Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds, 5) In compounds the relative number and type of atoms is fixed, and 6) Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided in chemical reactions. Dalton's theory did not account for isotopes or allotropes which have atoms of varying masses or properties within an element.
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Atoms are the smallest particle of an element and consist of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms form elements and can combine through chemical bonds to form compounds with new properties. Elements and their atoms can exist in different states of matter and undergo nuclear reactions that convert matter into energy or vice versa according to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula.
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- Mixtures and solutions are introduced, where a solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Important electrolytes in solutions include acids and bases.
Biology 9th
The document discusses the key elements (bioelements) needed for living organisms, including the major elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium which make up 99% of living matter. It also mentions other minor elements needed in small quantities like sulfur, sodium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, iodine and chlorine. These bioelements are obtained by plants through photosynthesis and from the soil, and then consumed by animals who distribute them throughout the ecosystem.
Ap Bio Ch 1 3 Recap
This document provides a summary of key topics covered in AP Biology chapters 1-3, including:
- The scientific method and major biological theories like cell theory, evolution, gene theory, and homeostasis.
- Characteristics of living things and levels of biological organization from biosphere to subatomic particles.
- Chemistry concepts like matter, elements, compounds, isotopes, periodic table, bonding, and chemical reactions.
- Water properties and solutions, acids, bases, and the pH scale. Organic molecules and the four main macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Isotopes
Isotopes are atom species of the same chemical element that have different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons, while having the same number of protons and electrons. The element hydrogen has three main isotopes: regular hydrogen with one proton; deuterium with one proton and one neutron; and tritium with one proton and two neutrons. Isotopes of the same element typically behave the same chemically, though some are radioactive and decay by emitting radiation while converting to a different isotope or element. Different isotopes are believed to have been created during the Big Bang or in supernova explosions and cosmic ray collisions.
Atoms and molecules
1) An atom is the smallest unit of matter that has the properties of an element, composed of a dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.
2) A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together through attractive forces.
3) The law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a closed system. The law of constant proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass.
Physico chemical basis of life
Physico-chemical processes provide the physical and chemical basis of life. Living things are composed of matter, which makes up both living and non-living things. Biologists study the chemical aspects of matter to understand biological functions. Together, matter and the constant supply of energy it requires are the physical foundations of life. Chemicals also play important roles, making up organisms and allowing biological functions and processes.
Ch 4 power point 08 09
This document provides a summary of chapter 4 on atomic structure:
1. It discusses early atomic theories from Democritus and Dalton, including Dalton's four postulates that atoms are indivisible, identical for a given element, combine in fixed ratios, and reactions involve rearrangement not destruction of atoms.
2. It describes the discovery of subatomic particles including electrons, protons, and neutrons. The nuclear model places the protons and neutrons in the nucleus with electrons orbiting.
3. Key terms are defined including atomic number, mass number, and isotopes. Isotopes are varieties of the same element that differ in neutron number.
Introduction to Biology
Living things have several key characteristics:
1. They are made of cells, the basic units of life.
2. They obtain and use energy. Autotrophs like plants make their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs like animals consume other organisms for food.
3. They grow, develop, and reproduce. Multicellular organisms grow by adding more cells through mitosis and development, while both unicellular and multicellular organisms reproduce sexually or asexually.
Atom and molecule
The document discusses atoms and molecules. It defines an atom as the smallest particle of an element that can take part in chemical reactions. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Molecules are the smallest particles of a pure substance that show its properties and can exist independently. Molecules can contain one or more atoms. The number of atoms in a molecule is called its atomicity. Molecules are classified as monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic based on whether they contain one, two, or more than two atoms. Macromolecules are large molecules that contain thousands of atoms.
BIO 130 Module 1 NotesModule 1 Reading AssignmentEnger, E. D..docx
BIO 130: Module 1 Notes
Module 1 Reading Assignment
Enger, E. D., Ross, F. C., & Bailey, D. B. (2012). Concepts in biology (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
The Scientific Method and the Foundations of Life
Biology teaches us the basics of life and that our world is made up of many living organisms that contribute to life around us. The term, “biology,” means the study of life and the organisms that live in it. Biology is considered a natural science that leads to all other sciences. There are many branches of biology that include zoology, anatomy and physiology, and microbiology—to name a few. You will learn the basics of life, which are made up of genes, DNA, and cells. You will also see how cells make up tissues, how tissues make up systems, and how systems make the organism. You will also discover how evolution played an important role in who we are today.
The process of science is to make observations, ask questions that will allow us to form a hypothesis (educated guess), and test the hypothesis in order to find new laws and theories. From these theories, we should be able to form a conclusion about the topic.
The next area to understand is the basic levels for which all living things exist. The ecosystem is composed of living organisms consisting of plants and animals and how they interact with each other within the environment. A community is a group of species coming together in a specific location. The population accounts for how many of a particular species there are in a group. An organism is a living system that continues through reproduction and is made up of organ systems. Organ systems are made up of organs that are structural units of tissue joined to serve a single function. Tissues are cells that form into multi-cellular organisms. The cell is the smallest component of life that has nerve cells, blood cells, and muscle cells. Next, we have molecules, which are two atoms tightly bonded. Atoms are made up of a collection of protons, neutrons, and electrons. If you understand this concept, you will begin to understand the basics of life.
In this course you will learn about the basics of chemistry, which include the periodic table of elements, which is a very important component to chemistry. It is composed of chemical elements that are organized by atomic numbers, electron configurations, and chemical properties. To better understand the periodic table, please watch the Periodic Table video.
Matter and energy are the two main components that make up our universe. Matter is anything that is physical; for example, your pen, the air you breathe, and the earth. Matter has four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Energy has the ability to do work or cause change in the environment; an example of this is light. A covalent bond is when there are atoms sharing electrons. An ionic bond is when an atom gives up an electron to another atom. When the atom is given up, it is known as a c ...
Unit 1: The atoms
1. Matter is everything that occupies space and has mass. It is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
2. A body is matter that has defined limits, while a material system has undefined limits. Examples are a ball vs clouds.
3. All matter, whether a single atom or much larger, is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms can combine to form molecules and different types of pure substances like elements and compounds.
6th Grade Chapter 8
This document provides an overview of key concepts about atoms, matter, and the structure of atoms. It defines atoms as the building blocks of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist as solids, liquids or gases. Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element. Atoms can combine to form compounds or mixtures. Compounds can only be separated through chemical means while mixtures can be separated physically or chemically.
AP Bio Ch. 1-3
This document provides an overview of introductory biology and basic chemistry concepts. It discusses the scope of biology, the diversity and unity of life, evolution as biology's unifying theme, the building blocks of matter including atoms and molecules, chemical bonding, inorganic and organic molecules, and the unique properties of water that support life. Key points include that biology studies life at all levels, all organisms share DNA, evolution occurs through natural selection, atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons, chemical bonds form molecules, and the polarity and hydrogen bonding of water molecules gives it properties like cohesion, surface tension, and the ability to moderate temperature.
Chemical composition of the body.pptx
Physiology Lectures for PharmD students (according to the PharmD curriculum-2013-Pakistan)
Power Notes Atomic Structure-Day 1
This document provides an overview of the history and development of atomic structure and the atomic model. It discusses early Greek philosophers like Democritus who proposed that all matter is made of invisible indivisible particles called atoms. It then summarizes key discoveries and models proposed by scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Schrodinger that refined our understanding of atomic structure, such as discovering the electron, proposing the planetary model of electrons orbiting the nucleus, and the wave mechanical model. The document also defines the basic subatomic particles of protons, neutrons and electrons, isotopes, and provides examples of how atomic mass and ions are related to atomic structure.
Biology made simple
1) Biology is the science that studies living organisms, including their ability to reproduce, feed/metabolize, and respond to stimuli.
2) Living things are organized in levels from atoms to tissues to organs to systems to whole organisms. Atoms combine to form molecules, molecules combine to form cells, cells combine to form tissues, tissues combine to form organs, organs combine to form organ systems, and organ systems combine to form complete living organisms.
3) There are two main types of cells - eukaryotic cells with nuclei and prokaryotic cells without. The human body contains many types of specialized cells organized into four main tissues: epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue.
Chemistry Review
This document discusses key chemistry concepts important for understanding biology. It explains that organisms are made of macromolecules, which are made of smaller molecules and atoms. Atoms are the smallest units and are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The number and arrangement of protons and neutrons determines an element's identity and properties. Elements can have different isotopes that vary in their number of neutrons. Atoms combine through ionic bonds, where they transfer electrons, or covalent bonds, where they share electrons to form molecules and compounds with unique properties.
Elements, compounds and mixtures p pt
The document discusses the key differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded together. Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds where the substances are not chemically bonded and can be separated. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, and they can combine to form molecules in compounds or remain separate in mixtures. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell electron configuration.
Power Notes Atomic Structure 2014- Day 2
This document provides information about atomic structure and the development of atomic theory over time. It discusses early Greek philosophers' ideas about atoms and defines key terms. The document then outlines several important scientists' contributions, from Dalton's atomic theory to Bohr's model of the atom to Schrodinger's wave mechanics model. Diagrams illustrate subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons as well as isotopes and ions. The last part reviews atomic structure concepts and homework.
Power Notes Atomic Structure 2014
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the atomic model. It discusses early Greek philosophers like Democritus who proposed that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. The document then outlines major scientists and their contributions to understanding atomic structure, including Dalton's atomic theory, Thomson's plum pudding model, Rutherford's gold foil experiment, Bohr's planetary model, and Schrodinger's wave mechanic model. It concludes by explaining current atomic structure including subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons as well as isotopes, ions, and how atomic number and mass relate to the periodic table.
Similar to Hydro and cond (20)
BIO 130 Module 1 NotesModule 1 Reading AssignmentEnger, E. D..docx
BIO 130 Module 1 NotesModule 1 Reading AssignmentEnger, E. D..docx
Hydro and cond
- 2. *~Brain Stretch~* 1. What are the three domains that species are grouped in? Archea, Bacteria, and Eukarya 2. What is the correct order of the scientific method? (Tests, Hypotheses, Observe, Predictions, and Questions) Observe, Questions, Hypotheses, Predictions, Tests 3. What is biology? The scientific study of organisms, including their characteristics, functions, and interactions.
- 3. Terms to Know Atom = The smallest unit of a chemical element; made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons (except in a hydrogen atom). Molecule = A chemical substance made up of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds or ionic attractions. Covalent Bond = A chemical bond based on the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Water = H2O; H+ (hydrogen ion) helps make solutions more acidic while OH- (hydroxyl group) helps make solutions more basic. Monomer = [“Mono” means one, “mer(os)” means unit] A small molecule. Capable of making oligomers or polymers. Oligomer = [“Oligo” means few, “mer(os)” means unit] A polymer made up of few monomers. Polymer = [“Poly” means many, “mer(os)” means unit] A large molecule.
- 4. Hydrolysis Hydro = Water Lysis = Separation A chemical decomposition in which a compound (polymer) is split into other compounds (monomers) by reacting with water. One monomer receives a hydrogen ion (H+) and the other receives a hydroxyl group (OH-). Releases energy
- 5. Condensation Con = Together Dense = Compact Ation = Act or Process A type of reaction in which two organic molecules (monomers) covalently bond to form a larger molecule (polymer) as well as a simple molecule (water). Requires energy A.K.A. Dehydration Reaction