This document provides an introduction to chemistry, including what chemistry is, the five main branches of chemistry, and some key concepts about matter. It defines chemistry as the study of matter and its properties. The five branches are inorganic, organic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space, and can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states. Chemical and physical properties are also introduced.

1. Welcome to Chemistry!

2. What is chemistry?
Chemistry is a physical science.
– Physical science is the study of
nonliving objects and materials.
– The goal of science is to methodically
study the physical world in order to
learn about it.
– Science can be applied to benefit
humanity, for example:
• Powered flight (Airplanes)
• Medicine
• Television? 

3. What is chemistry?
Chemistry is a science concerned with the
structure, composition, and properties of matter,
as well as the changes it undergoes during
chemical reactions.

4. What is matter?
Matter is anything that:
– Has mass (weight)
– Occupies space (volume)
Mass is:
– a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
– measured in kilograms (kg)

5. There are 5 branches of chemistry
Inorganic
Organic
Analytic
Physical
Biochemistry

6. Inorganic Chemistry
The study of chemicals that do
not contain carbon.

7. Organic Chemistry
The study of chemicals that
contain carbon.
Organic chemistry is the study
of chemicals in living organisms.

8. Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry studies the
composition of matter; in other words,
it is the study of what elements and
compounds make up matter.
Analytical chemistry relies heavily on
laboratory research.

9. Physical Chemistry
Physical chemistry is the study of how
matter behaves and how chemical
reactions occur.
Physical chemistry heavily relies on
math and physics.
Like analytical chemists, physical
chemists conduct a lot of research.

10. Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of processes
that take place inside living organisms.
Biochemistry is used very often in
medical fields, by doctors,
veterinarians, dentists, and
pharmacists.

11. Quiz time!
Take out a piece of paper and number 1-10
Write your name at the top!
Answer the following questions:

12. Are these compounds
inorganic or organic?
1. Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
2. Methane CH4
3. Hydrochloric Acid HCl
4. Ethane C2H6

13. Which branch of chemistry…
5. is used by people in the medical field?
6. relies on math and physics?
7. studies compounds of living organisms?
8. relies on lab research and experiments?
9. studies chemicals that do not contain carbon?
10. is considered a science?

14. Time’s Up!
Switch papers with the person sitting next to you.
Mark any incorrect answers with an X next to the
number.
Write the total number correct on the top right of
the paper, and CIRCLE the number.
Pass back the paper to its owner, then pass
them forward to be collected by your teacher.

15. Are these compounds
inorganic or organic?
1. Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
INORGANIC
2. Methane CH4
ORGANIC
3. Carbon Dioxide CO2
ORGANIC
4. Arsine AsH3
INORGANIC

16. Which branch of chemistry…
5. is used by people in the medical field?
– Biochemistry
6. relies on math and physics?
– Physical chemistry
7. studies compounds of living organisms?
– Organic chemistry
8. relies on lab research and experiments?
– Analytical chemistry

17. Which branch of chemistry…
9. studies chemicals that do not contain carbon?
– Inorganic chemistry
10. is considered a science?
– ALL OF THEM!!! 

18. Matter & Its Properties

19. Quick Review
What is chemistry?
– Study of the properties of matter, and the changes
they undergo
How many branches of chemistry are there?
– 5
What is matter?
– Anything that has mass and takes up space

20. What is Matter Made Of?
Elements: basic building blocks of matter
– Pure substances that cannot be broken down into
simpler parts
– Organized in the Periodic Table based on their
properties
– Always made up of only one type of atom

21. The Atom
An atom is the smallest part of an element
– Contains 3 parts:
• Proton: positively charged particle (+)
• Neutron: neutrally charged particle
• Electron: negatively charged particle (-)

22. Combining Atoms
Atoms can combine with one another to form
molecules and compounds
Molecules = two or more atoms that are
chemically bonded
Compounds = molecules that contain two or
more different atoms
All compounds are molecules, but not all
molecules are compounds!

23. Molecules vs. Compounds
What is the difference between these two sets of
molecules?
H2, O2, N2
H2O, CO2, CH4
Which are the compounds, and which are the
molecules?

24. Properties of Matter
Properties help chemists identify unknown
substances
Two basic types of properties:
– Physical properties
– Chemical properties

25. Physical Properties
Describe the substance itself
Can be observed without changing the identity of
the substance
– These are called physical changes
• For example: melting or boiling point
• Change of state
– Change in matter from one state
to another
– When matter changes state, the movement
of particles in the matter change, but the
matter itself stays the same

26. States of Matter
Three main states of matter
– Solid
• Has a definite volume, & definite shape
• Particles are packed tightly together (high attraction)
– Liquid
• Has a definite volume, but not a definite shape
• Particles are closely packed but can slide around
– Gas
• No definite volume or shape
• Particles move quickly and bounce around each other

27. States of Matter

28. A Fourth State of Matter?!
Plasma
– State of matter with a very high temperature, and
made up of charged particles
– Gas is heated until its electrons are no longer bound
to any nucleus
– Can be influenced by electricity
– Video

29. Chemical Properties
Cannot be observed without changing the
makeup of the substance
Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo a
chemical change
– Change in which one or more substances is turned
into another substance
– Also known as a chemical reaction

30. Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions are easy to see
– Like these
There are always two types of substances in a
chemical reaction
– Reactants
– Products
Reactant + reactant  product

31. Energy in Changes of Matter
All changes require energy
In every change, the total amount of energy
always stays the same; energy that is present
before the reaction will still be there after the
reaction, but may be present in a different form
– Law of Conservation of Energy

32. Classification of Matter
Matter can be one of two things:
– Pure substance
• Composition is the same throughout
– Mixture
• Contains more than one substance
• Blend of two or more kinds of substances, with each of
them keeping their original properties

33. Mixtures
Two types of mixtures:
– Homogenous
– Heterogenous
Homogenous
– Looks the same throughout
– Also called solutions
Heterogenous
– Looks different throughout