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Physico-Chemical Basis of Life Joy Grace Tablante More Free PowerPoint Templates at SmileTemplates.com
Physical Basis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound yes no Element MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Is the composition uniform? no yes Colloids Suspensions
Chemical Basis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MATTER
Compounds can either be Inorganic or Organic. These compounds are nutrients which  provide energy or materials for all cell activities. Living things are mostly made of organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. Often they contain oxygen too
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ELEMENTS
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TRACE ELEMENTS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ATOM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ATOMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Atomic Number
Mass Number ,[object Object],[object Object]
ATOMS ,[object Object],[object Object],Example:   A Lithium has 3 protons and 3 neutrons inside the nucleus with 3 electrons orbiting around the nucleus as shown below.
IONS “ charged” atoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CATION ANION when Li, Be and Ca loose their electrons the "new" valence electrons in the ion are drawn in. These elemental ions are stable in the sense that they will not readily gain or loose electrons. However, since they are charged they can combine electrostatically to form ionic bonds. the resulting compound is called "ionic" or "salt", e.g., Ca+ + 2Cl- ---> Ca(Cl)2 = calcium chloride.                                                                    H +  : a positively charged hydrogen  ion H : the hydrogen atom H -  : a negatively charged hydrogen  ion
IONS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ISOTOPES
Hydrogen Isotopes
Carbon Isotopes
Radioactive Isotopes (radioisotopes) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radioactivity ,[object Object],[object Object]
Radioactive Isotopes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
How brain function is studied now? PET, CAT, MRI, etc. Music Appreciation Hearing,  speaking,  seeing,  thinking about  words
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],REACTIVITY
Reactivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CHEMICAL BONDS
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 IONIC BOND Transfer of  electron Na Sodium atom Cl Chlorine atom Na + Sodium ion Cl – Chloride ion Sodium chloride (NaCl) Na Cl Cl Na + – – –
[object Object],[object Object],0 ,[object Object],[object Object],Na + Cl –
0 ,[object Object],[object Object],COVALENT  BOND
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
0 ,[object Object],[object Object],Hydrogen bonding occurs in other biologically important compounds such as  proteins  and  DNA.  HYDROGEN BOND Hydrogen bond (+) (+) H H (+) (+) (–) (–) (–) (–) O
[object Object],[object Object],0 + – – – – – – – – – – + + + + + Na + + Na + Cl – Ion in solution Salt crystal Cl –
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Kinetic Nature of Matter
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Phases of Matter
[object Object],[object Object],Other states of matter
Physical Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 Liquid water Hydrogen bonds constantly break and re-form Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Hydrogen bond
Chemical Properties and Chemical Change ,[object Object],[object Object]
Sure Signs of a Chemical Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical vs. Chemical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical vs. Chemical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Mixtures ,[object Object],Heterogeneous – visibly separate phases Homogeneous –  Same throughout
CHEMICAL REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0 2 H2 O2 2 H2O
Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object]
Exchange ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Acids, Bases and Salts
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Importance of acids, bases and salts in living organisms
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basic solution Oven cleaner Acidic solution Neutral solution  pH scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lemon juice, gastric juice Grapefruit juice, soft drink  Tomato juice Human urine Pure water Human blood Seawater Milk of magnesia Household ammonia Household bleach Increasingly ACIDIC (Higher concentration of H + ) NEUTRAL [H + ]=[OH – ] H + H + H + OH – H + H + H + OH – H + H + OH – OH – H + H + OH – OH – OH – H + H + H + OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – OH – H + Increasingly BASIC (Lower concentration of H + )  OH – H + 14 13
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0
Salts ,[object Object],[object Object],HCl NaOH NaCl + water + = Acid Base Salt + = NaOH Acetic Acid Sodium Acetate + water
Electrolytes ,[object Object],[object Object]
THANK YOU. ,[object Object]

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Physico chemical basis of life

  • 1. Physico-Chemical Basis of Life Joy Grace Tablante More Free PowerPoint Templates at SmileTemplates.com
  • 2.
  • 3. Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound yes no Element MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Is the composition uniform? no yes Colloids Suspensions
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Compounds can either be Inorganic or Organic. These compounds are nutrients which provide energy or materials for all cell activities. Living things are mostly made of organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen. Often they contain oxygen too
  • 7.
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  • 9.  
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. CATION ANION when Li, Be and Ca loose their electrons the "new" valence electrons in the ion are drawn in. These elemental ions are stable in the sense that they will not readily gain or loose electrons. However, since they are charged they can combine electrostatically to form ionic bonds. the resulting compound is called "ionic" or "salt", e.g., Ca+ + 2Cl- ---> Ca(Cl)2 = calcium chloride.                                                                   H + : a positively charged hydrogen ion H : the hydrogen atom H - : a negatively charged hydrogen ion
  • 21. IONS
  • 22.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. How brain function is studied now? PET, CAT, MRI, etc. Music Appreciation Hearing, speaking, seeing, thinking about words
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
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  • 68.

Editor's Notes

  1. Calcium: The mineral that strengthens bone and teeth uses calcium. Also important in nerve synaptic transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction. Regulates the cell wall construction in plants. Phosphorus: Part of the phosphate groups in ATP and DNA molecules. In plants it is needed for cell reproduction and division. It is part of the cell membrane. Iron: found in the structure of hemoglobin and essential for the production of red blood cells. It is involved in the light energy transferring compounds involved in photosynthesis in plants. Sodium: Major ion associated with the propagation of a nerve impulse. Can replace potassium in some plants. Sulfur: It is a component of amino acids.