The PPP presentation is based on the architecture and art of Brihadeshwara temple of Chola period. It has basic introduction of the region. This is for tthe students of UG and PG not for API.
The PPP presentation is based on the architecture and art of Brihadeshwara temple of Chola period. It has basic introduction of the region. This is for tthe students of UG and PG not for API.
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
1. Evolution of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
2. Major Styles of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
3. Three Traditions of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Pallava Rock - cut Temples
5. Pandya Rock - cut Temples
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Dravidian Architecture Part - 2Sachith Pagidi
Dravidian Architecture - during the rule of pandya, vijayanagara and nayaka the evolution of temples.
Pandya - Evolution of the Gopuram – number, height,embellishment
High walls for enclosure for security( Muslim invasion)
Vijayanagara - Addition of Mandapas, Secondary halls and Gopurams
Nayaks- Temple cities, addition of Gopurams to existing temples
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
1. Evolution of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
2. Major Styles of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
3. Three Traditions of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Pallava Rock - cut Temples
5. Pandya Rock - cut Temples
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Dravidian Architecture Part - 2Sachith Pagidi
Dravidian Architecture - during the rule of pandya, vijayanagara and nayaka the evolution of temples.
Pandya - Evolution of the Gopuram – number, height,embellishment
High walls for enclosure for security( Muslim invasion)
Vijayanagara - Addition of Mandapas, Secondary halls and Gopurams
Nayaks- Temple cities, addition of Gopurams to existing temples
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Chalukyan ArchitectureSachith Pagidi
The following gives a brief introduction about the chalukyan architecture and the style they used based on the social context and there adaptation towards the versara style.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. • The sanctuary as a whole is called a
vimana.
• The pyramidal or tapering roof above
this is called the shikhara.
• Inside the vimana is a dark chamber,
the cella, called the garbha-griha
(literally the 'womb-house'), and this
is entered by a doorway on one side.
• In front of the doorway is a pillared
hall, or mandapa, which serves as an
assembly for devotees.
CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE HINDU TEMPLE:-
Toda Hut
Nilgiris, India
• The modern temple gradually started emerging,
from a leafy shelter in the woods, to the first
hesitant experiments with stone, and the
adaptation of existing communal buildings in
villages.
• Gradually, as the masons gained
greater confidence, temple forms
all over the country started
crystallizing. Just as in a church, a
temple too has its distinctive
elements.
Lomas
Rishi,
Barabar
Hills (left)
Taxila
(Right)
3. CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE HINDU TEMPLE:-
• Analysis of temple architecture
reveals that much of its character was
the result of repetition of motifs. The
Shikhara is made up of many
miniature ones repeating themselves
time and again. In fact these
repeating motifs in themselves were
miniature shrines.
• With this, the Middle Ages in India
(A.D. 800 onwards) saw the
proliferation of hundreds and
thousands of temples. This was an
age of unparalleled construction
activity.
• In some parts of the country it was common to enclose the temple complex by a
boundary wall made of rectangular cells facing inward, thus forming a courtyard.
• With this, the Middle Ages in India (A.D. 800 onwards) saw the proliferation of
hundreds and thousands of temples. This was an age of unparalleled construction
activity.
4. CRYSTALLIZATION OF THE HINDU TEMPLE:-
•The origin of the Shikhara is the subject of intense debate, due to its prominence and
characteristic form. Some theories on its derivation, from the sphere of the Buddhist
stupa, from the domed huts of central India, from the pyramidal covering on a
ceremonial chariot of the Aryans. However, in spite of all these distinctions, there
were certain fundamental principles throughout which guided and controlled the art
of building in all its phases.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF SHIKHARA IN KHAJURAHO TEMPLES (950AD – 1050AD)
5. VASTU PURUSHA MANDALA IN THE DESIGN OF HINDU TEMPLES:-
• Looking at Hindu temples, it is not very
easy to discern that they are composed
of one repeating unit - the square.
• For God's own abode, the form had to
be perfect and this limited the choice
of shapes to the circle - a form without
beginning and end, and the square -
perfect for its symmetry.
• The circle had already been extensively
used by the Buddhists in their Stupas
and moreover, was perceived to be too
dynamic a form for the resting place of
the gods.
• For the Hindus, their gods had to be
installed in buildings symbolizing unity,
inertia and permanence. The square,
thus, was chosen for these qualities
• This was the origin of the square Mandala
The mandala was further subdivided into
smaller squares in a grid, those containing
64 or 81 being the most common. Each of
these smaller squares was then invested
with a resident deity, each with his own
special attributes and powers. The distance
of the deities from the center was
according to their power and perceived
importance. Thus Brahma, the creator,
occupied pride of place in the center and
lesser gods were relegated to the edges.
6. TEMPLE STYLES IN INDIA
• The broad geographical, climatic, cultural, racial,
historical and linguistic differences between the
northern plains and the southern peninsula of
India resulted, from early on, in distinct
architectural styles.
• The Shastras, the ancient texts on architecture,
classify temples into three different orders.
Nagara or ‘northern’ style,
Dravida or ‘southern ‘ style,
Vesara or hybrid style which is seen in the
Deccan between the other two.
• There are also distinct styles in peripheral areas
such as Bengal, Kerala and the Himalayan valleys.
• But by far the most numerous buildings are in
either the
Nagara or the Dravida styles and the earliest
surviving
structural temples can already be seen
as falling into the broad classifications of
either one or the other.
NAGARA STYLE
SHIKHARA IN KHAJURAHO TEMPLES
7. TEMPLE STYLES IN INDIA
DRAVIDIAN STYLE
BRIHADEESWARAR TEMPLE TAMILNADU
VESERA STYLE
CHENNAKESAVA TEMPLE, SOMANATHAPURA
8. NAGARA STYLE (NORTH INDIAN STYLE)
• The Nagara style which developed for the fifth
century is characterized by a beehive shaped
tower (called a shikhara, in northern terminology).
• This is made up of layer upon layer of architectural
elements such as kapotas and gavaksas.
• This is topped by a large round cushion-like
element called an amalaka.
• The plan is based on a square but the walls are
sometimes so broken up that the tower often
gives the impression of being circular.
9. DRAVIDIAN STYLE (SOUTH INDIAN STYLE)
• From the seventh century the Dravida or
southern style has a pyramid shaped tower
consisting of progressively smaller storeys
of small pavilions, a narrow throat, and a
dome on the top called a shikhara (in
southern terminology). The repeated
storeys give a horizontal visual thrust to
the southern style.
• The Dravidian Style of architecture can be
categorized as a distinct Evolution in
Temple architecture through the various
phases
• There is a marked evolution in the
planning of the temple and the
architectural treatment
• Complexity in planning due to the
complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th
c. AD (Pandya)
Meenakshi’s Temple Madurai
10. VESERA STYLE (SOUTH INDIAN STYLE)
TEMPLES OF ALMAPUR
ANDHRA PRADESH
• In the border areas between the two major
styles, particularly in the modern states of
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, there was a
good deal of stylistic overlap as well as
several distinctive architectural features.
• Typical examples have multiple shrines and
remarkable ornate carving.
• The type of raw materials available from
region to region naturally had a significant
impact on construction techniques, carving
possibilities and consequently the overall
appearance of the temple.
• The soft soap-stone type material used by
the Hoysala architects of the twelfth and
thirteenth centuries allowed sculptors
working in the tradition of ivory and
sandalwood carving to produce the most
intricate and ornate of all Indian styles.
11. VESERA STYLE (SOUTH INDIAN STYLE)
RAMAPPA TEMPLE
ANDHRA PRADESH
• Hard crystalline rocks like granite typical
of the area around Mamallapuram
prevented detailed carving and resulted
in the shallow reliefs associated with
Pallava temples of the seventh and with
centuries.
• In areas without stone, such as parts of
Bengal, temples constructed of brick had
quite different stylistic characteristics.
• Royal patronage also had a very
significant effect on the stylistic
development of temples, and as we have
already seen, regional styles are often
identified by the dynasty that produced
them. For example the Pallava, Chola,
Hoysala, Gupta, Chalukya and Chandella
temples.