EXPLANANTION OF PROVICIAL STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE. TOPIC COVERED ARE: 1 KAMAL MAULA MASJID 2 JAMI MASJID 3 HOSHANG SHAH’S TOMB 4 HINDOLA MAHAL 5 JAHAZ MAHAL

1. PROVINCIAL STYLE OF
ARCHITECTURE
(MALWA)
SUBMITTED BY:
ASIF ANWAR
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

2. INTRODUCTION
• MAIN EXAMPLES OF THE STYLE ARE FOUND IN CITIES OF DHAR AND MANDU.
• MALWA WAS INFLUENCE MORE BY THE EARLY TUGHLAQ STYLE FROM DELHI.
• THIS WAS DUE TO THE LACK OF SIGNIFICANT LOCAL TRADITION IN MALWA, AND HOSTILE WITH
THE NEIGHBOURING GUJARAT.
• MALWA PROVINCE EXPERIENCED THE INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
WITH THE INVASION OF THE MUSLIM INVADERS.
• THIS PROVINCE EXPERIENCED A LARGE NO. OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DURING MUSLIM
DYNASTY.
• GRADUALLY THEY DEVELOP THEIR OWN STYLE IN BUILDING ART OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE.

3. SALIENT FEATURE
• BATTERED WALLS
• POINTED ARCHES WITH SPEAR HEAD FRINGE
• COMBINATION OF ARCH, LINTEL AND BRACKET.
• BOAT KEEL AND DOMES.
• MOST ARTISTIC COMBINATION OF ARCHES WITH PILLAR AND BEAM
• BUILDING ARE RISED ON HIGH PLINTHS, ACCESSED BY LONG AND STATELY FLIGHT OF STEPS.
• PROMINENT USE OF COLOR IN DECORATION. USE OF DIFFERENT COLORED MARBEL, SEMI
PRECIOUS STONES AND GLAZED TILES, THE ARTESIANS IN MALWA POSSESSED A SECRET
FORMULA FOR CREATING TURQUOISE BLUE COLOR.

4. BATTERED WALL BOAT KEEL DOME
COMBINATION OF
LINTEL,ARCH AND BRACKET
POINTED ARCH WITH SPEAR
HEAD FRINGE
Receding slope of a wall ,
structure , or earth work.
Initially sloped inwards.
Most artistic
combination of arches
with pillar and beams.
It had pointed arches with
spear head on the top of
the arch.
The buildings of Malwa
had lintel arches and
brackets.

5. IMPORTANT BUILDINGS
• THE CITIES OF DHAR AND MANDU OF THE MALWA PROVINCEPROVIDE EXAMPLES OF DISTINCT
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF POLYCHROMATIC ORNAMENTATION OF BUILDINGS
WHICH WAS OBTAINED BY THE USE OF COLORED STONES AND MARBELS.
• THE EARLIEST BUILDING OF THIS PERIOD KAMAL MAULA MOSQUE (1400) AND THE LAT MOSQUE
(1405) AT DHAR AND THE DILAWAR KHAN MOSQUE (1405) AND THE MALIK MUGHIS
MOSQUE(1452) AT MANDU.
• THE ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITY TOOK A NEW TURN WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CAPITAL AT
MANDU ESPECIALLY UNDER THE RULE OF HOSHANG SHAH (1405-1435).
• IMPORTANT BUILDING IN MANDU ARE THE JAHAZ MAHAL (a 120 meter long ship palace built by
sultan ghiyasuddin khilji between two artificial munj talao and kapur talao),
• TAVELI MAHAL WITH TWO WALLS CALLED UZALI AND ANDHERI BAOLI, HINDOLA
MAHAL,HOSHANG SHAH’S TOMB, ASHRAFI MAHAL AND THE JAMI MASJID BUILT BY MAHMUD
SHAH KHILJI.
• THE CITY ALSO HAS SEVERAL GATEWAYS LIKE DELHI DARWAZA, THE ALAMGIR AND BHANGI
DARWAZA , RAMPOL DARWAZA, JAHANGIR GATE AND TAARAPUR GATE .

6. KAMAL MAULA
MASJID
• BUILT AT DHAR IN A.D. 1400.
• CONSTRUCTED BY DISMANTLING
TEMPLES AND USING THEIR MATERIALS.
• CHIEF AMONG THIS NEW WORK IS THE
PLAN OF INTERPOSING POINTED ARCHES
BETWEEN THE PILLARS.
• THE ARCHES ARE TOO DELICATE TO
SERVE ANY STRUCTURAL PURPOSE, BUT
ARE OF A REFINED SHAPE, MADE MORE
SO BY THE SPANDRELS BEING RELIEVED
BY PERFORATED PATTERNS.
• SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF NEW WORK IS
ADDED TO DISGUISE THE TEMPLE
ORIGIN

7. Viewing the back of
prayer room from
northwest
Kamal Masjid Domed
chamber southwest
corner in front of
Mihrab
Kamal Masjid Dome COURTYARD

8. JAMI MASJID
• STARTED BY HUSHANG SHAH AND FINISHED BY
MAHMUD I IN A.D. 1440.
• THE JAMI MASJID NEAR THE CENTER OF THE
MANDU PLATEAU.
• THE COURTYARD SURROUNDED BY THREE SIDE
BU COLUMNED CLOISTERS WITH THE GALLERIES
OF MAJESTIC ARCHES.

9. PLANNING
1.MOSQUE COVERS A SQUARE OF 288' SIDE, PROLONGED ON
EASTERN FRONT BY ANOTHER 100' BY A PROJECTING DOMED
ENTRANCE HALL AND A WIDE FLIGHT OF STEPS.
2.THERE ARE ALSO TWO SUBSIDIARY ENTRANCES TO THE
NORTH, ONE FOR THE PRIESTS AND THE OTHER A PRIVATE
ENTRANCE FOR THE ZENANA.
3.BEING RAISED ON A HIGH PLINTH, THIS ENABLES THE FRONT
SIDE OF THE BASEMENT TO CONTAIN A SERIES OF ARCADED
CHAMBERS TO BE USED AS A SERAI.
4.THE ENTRANCE HALL BEARS TRACES OF EXQUISITELY
COLOURED BORDERS AND PANELS IN GLAZED TILES. THE
DOMED GATEHOUSE RESPONDS TO THE THREE SIMILAR
DOMES OF THE SANCTUARY ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE
COURTYARD.

10. mehraab JAMI Masjid
prayer room
viewing from
northwest
Mehrab and mimbaru JAMI Masjid
prayer room
viewing from
southeast

11. JAMI MASJID
THE COURTYARD IS A SQUARE OF 162' SIDE, SURROUNDED BY ARCADED AISLES. ELEVEN OPENINGS ON EACH SIDE
FORMING A FACADE FOR THE PILLARED HALLS BEYOND.
THE PILLARED HALLS ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARE 3 AISLES DEEP, THAT ON THE EAST IS 2 AISLES, WHILE THE
WESTERN SANCTUARY IS 5 AISLES DEEP.
IN ADDITION TO THE 3 LARGE DOMES ATOP THE SANCTUARY, THE ENTIRE ROOF IS COVERED WITH A SYMMETRICAL
PATTERN OF CYLINDRICAL CUPOLAS, ONE OVER EACH BAY OF THE INTERIOR, THUS MAKING 158 IN ALL.
SCULPTURED MIHRABS ARE PRESENT AT REGULAR INTERVALS IN THE QIBLA WALL WITH AN ELEGANTLY DESIGNED
MIMBAR IN THE CENTRAL BAY.
THE OVERALL DESIGN OF THE MOSQUE GIVES AN APPEARANCE OF QUIET SOLEMNITY, RELYING MAINLY UPON THE
SIMPLE BROAD TREATMENT OF ITS CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS, ESCHEWING ORNAMENTATION APART FROM THE MIHRABS
AND MIMBAR AND SOME RESTRAINED COLOUR DECORATION.

12. HOSHANG SHAH’S TOMB
STARTED BY HUSHANG UISITELY COLOURED BORDERS AND PANELS IN GLAZED TILES. THE DOMED GATEHOUSE RESPONDS
TO THE THREE SIMILAR DOMES OF THE SANCTUARY ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE COURTYARD.
THE COURTYARD IS A SQUARE OF 162' SIDE, SURROUNDED BY ARCADED AISLES. ELEVEN OPENINGS ON EACH SIDE
FORMING A FACADE FOR THE PILLARED HALLS BEYOND.
THE PILLARED HALLS ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARE 3 AISLES DEEP, THAT ON THE EAST IS 2 AISLES, WHILE THE
WESTERN SANCTUARY IS 5 AISLES DEEP.
IN ADDITION TO THE 3 LARGE DOMES ATOP THE SANCTUARY, THE ENTIRE ROOF IS COVERED WITH A SYMMETRICAL
PATTERN OF CYLINDRICAL CUPOLAS, ONE OVER EACH BAY OF THE INTERIOR, THUS MAKING 158 IN ALL.
SCULPTURED MIHRABS ARE PRESENT AT REGULAR INTERVALS IN THE QIBLA WALL WITH AN ELEGANTLY DESIGNED
MIMBAR IN THE CENTRAL BAY.
THE OVERALL DESIGN OF THE MOSQUE GIVES AN APPEARANCE OF QUIET SOLEMNITY, RELYING MAINLY UPON THE
SIMPLE BROAD TREATMENT OF ITS CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS, ESCHEWING ORNAMENTATION APART FROM THE MIHRABS
AND MIMBAR AND SOME RESTRAINED COLOUR DECORATION.

13. COMBINED PLAN OF HOSHANG
SHAH’S TOMB AND JAMI MASJID
PLAN OF HOSHANG
SHAH’S TOMB
‘A’ EXTERIOR
‘B’ INTERIOR
• THE TOMB STAND IN A SQUARE ENCLOSURE CONTIGUOUSWITH
THE WESTERN WALL OF THE JAMI MASJID AT MANDU, APPROCHED
BY A DOMED PORTICO ON THE NORTH WITH THE PILLARED
CLOISTER ON THE WEST FOR DEVOTIONS AND ACCOMMODATION.
• THE TOMB ITSELF IS A SQUARE STRUCTURE OF 86’ SIDE , WIDTH 30’
HIGH WALL SURMOUNTED BY A LARGE CENTRAL DOME WITH A
CUPOLA ON EACH CORNER STANDING ON A SQUARE PLINTH OF
100’ SIDE.
• THE WALL ARE FACED WITH WHITE MARBEL RELEIVED BY
OCCASIONAL PATCHES OF COLOR .
• THERE ARE TRIPLE OPENINGS ON TWO OF IT’S SIDE WITH THE
CENTRAL ARCHWAY ON THE SOUTH PROVIDING THE ENTRANCE,
WHILE THE OTHER TWO SIDES ARE PLAIN, UNINTERRUPTED WALLS.

14. FRONT GATE
NORTH GATE
BACK SIDE GATE
INTERIOR
GALLERY

15. HINDOLA MAHAL
• BUILT BY HUSANG SHAH , PROBALLY
AROUND (1425).
• THE WALLS ARE INORDINATELY THICK
AND SLOPE LIKE THOSE OF A CASTLE.
THE SLOPE OF OVER 44 DEGREE GIVES
SWINGING APPEARANCE TO THE
BUILDING, HENCE THE NAME .
• LATER THE STRUCTURE WAS PROBABLY
SUPPOSE TO HAVE THE JANANA PLACE,
AS ANOTHER STOREY ABOVE THE MAIN
HALL.

16. MAIN HALL
• THE PLAN ‘T’ SHAPED , THE UPRIGHT STEM
BEING THE MAIN HALL WHICH WAS BUILT
FIRST AND THE CROSSBAR IS A TRANSVERSE
PORTION ADDED.
• OBLONG BUILDING 110’X60’ AND 35’ HIGH.
• EACH OF THE LONG SIDE HAS 6 SUNKEN
ARCHES, WITH A DOORWAY BELOW AND A
WINDOW ABOVE.
• THE SHORT SIDE HAS 3 SIMILAR ARCHES. THE
CENTRAL ONE IS THE ENTRANCE.
• THE INTERIOR HAS A LARGE HALL 440’X112’
AND 32 METER HEIGHT WITH 5 TRANVERSE
POINTED ARCHES, SUPPORTING FOR THE FLAT
ROOF.
• THE FLAT ROOF RESTED ON TIMBER BEAMS.
PLAN OF HINDOLA MAHAL

17. JAHAAZ MAHAL
• BUILT BY MAHMUD EARLY IN THE LAST
HALF OF 1400’S
• THE PALACE IS DOUBLED STOREY
STRUCTURE 360’ LONG AND 50’ WIDE,
EXTENDING ALONG THE EDGE OF
KAPHUR LAKE AND MUNJA LAKE.
• THE SHAPE ,DIMENSION AND POSITION
GIVES THE ILLUSION OF A SHIP.
• BUILDING HAS CONTINUOUSLY ARCADED
FRONT SHADED BY A BOARD.

18. • THE ROOF HAS A SERIES OF OPEN
PAVILLION, KIOSKS AND OVER
HANGING BALCONIES.
• THE INTERIOR CONSIST OF PILLARED
COMPARTMENT,
COOL CORRIDOR AND BATHING HALL
• THE MOST STRIKING THING ABOUT
THIS MONUMENT IS ITS LOCATION
BETWEEN TWO WATER BODIES.
LAKE VIEW SHIP APPEARANCE