Hello members...this powerpoint deals with A journal presentation, that aims at highlighting the "Efficacy & safety of Lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy patients".
This also elucidates a model of "Journal club presentation" for interested students.
Happy reading!!
:)
Assessment of Cardiovascular Fitness (VO2 Max) among medical students by Queens College Step test
Khushoo, T. N., Rafiq, N., & Qayoom, O. (2015). Assessment of cardiovascular fitness [VO2 max] among medical students by Queens College step test. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 6(5), 418–421. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v6i5.1965
Hello members...this powerpoint deals with A journal presentation, that aims at highlighting the "Efficacy & safety of Lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy patients".
This also elucidates a model of "Journal club presentation" for interested students.
Happy reading!!
:)
Assessment of Cardiovascular Fitness (VO2 Max) among medical students by Queens College Step test
Khushoo, T. N., Rafiq, N., & Qayoom, O. (2015). Assessment of cardiovascular fitness [VO2 max] among medical students by Queens College step test. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 6(5), 418–421. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbar.v6i5.1965
Critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically analyze the research paper to judge its trustworthiness, its value and relevance in a particular context. (Amanda Burls 2009)
A critical review must identify the strengths and limitations in a research paper and this should be carried out in a systematic manner.
The Critical Appraisal helps in developing the necessary skills to make sense of scientific evidence, based on validity, results and relevance.
Judith Goldberg MedicReS World Congress 2014MedicReS
Statistics in Clinical and Translational Research in Drug Development - Judith D. Goldberg, Sc.D. Professor
Division of Biostatistics New York University School of Medicine
Critical appraisal of evidence/journal clubdassoumitradr
journal club: A Randomized Double-Blind Study of Risperidone
and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
or Schizoaffective Disorder(Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:765–774)
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “ Surgical Educator”
Today I have uploaded a video on one of the congenital causes for obstructive jaundice- Biliary Atresia. In this episode, I am discussing about the etiology, types, clinical features, investigations, treatment and surgical outcome of Biliary Atresia. I hope you will enjoy the video. You can watch all my surgical teaching video casts in the following link: surgicaleducator.blogspot.com.
This presentation was funded by CDC and PEPFAR through the SUCCEED project at Stellenbosch University. The presentation was delivered by Ms Lynn Hendricks from the Centre for Evidence Based Health Care in July 2017
How To Critique A Journal Article Sponsored by The Center .docxpooleavelina
How To Critique A Journal Article
Sponsored by The Center for Teaching and Learning at UIS
Last Edited 4/9/2009 Page 1 of 2
So your assignment is to critique a journal article. This handout will give you a few guidelines to
follow as you go. But wait, what kind of a journal article is it: an empirical/research article, or a
review of literature? Some of the guidelines offered here will apply to critiques of all kinds of
articles, but each type of article may provoke questions that are especially pertinent to that type
and no other. Read on.
First of all, for any type of journal article your critique should include some basic information:
1. Name(s) of the author(s)
2. Title of article
3. Title of journal, volume number, date, month and page numbers
4. Statement of the problem or issue discussed
5. The author’s purpose, approach or methods, hypothesis, and major conclusions.
The bulk of your critique, however, should consist of your qualified opinion of the article.
Read the article you are to critique once to get an overview. Then read it again, critically. At this
point you may want to make some notes to yourself on your copy (not the library’s copy,
please).
The following are some questions you may want to address in your critique no matter what type
of article you are critiquing. (Use your discretion. These points don’t have to be discussed in this
order, and some may not be pertinent to your particular article.)
1. Is the title of the article appropriate and clear?
2. Is the abstract specific, representative of the article, and in the correct form?
3. Is the purpose of the article made clear in the introduction?
4. Do you find errors of fact and interpretation? (This is a good one! You won’t believe how
often authors misinterpret or misrepresent the work of others. You can check on this by looking
up for yourself the references the author cites.)
5. Is all of the discussion relevant?
6. Has the author cited the pertinent, and only the pertinent, literature? If the author has included
inconsequential references, or references that are not pertinent, suggest deleting them.
7. Have any ideas been overemphasized or underemphasized? Suggest specific revisions.
8. Should some sections of the manuscript be expanded, condensed or omitted?
9. Are the author’s statements clear? Challenge ambiguous statements. Suggest by examples how
clarity can be achieved, but do not merely substitute your style for the author’s.
10. What underlying assumptions does the author have?
11. Has the author been objective in his or her discussion of the topic?
In addition, here are some questions that are more specific to empirical/research articles. (Again,
use your discretion.)
1. Is the objective of the experiment or of the observations important for the field?
2. Are the experimental methods described adequately?
3. Are the study design and methods appropriate for the purposes of the study?
4. Have the procedures ...
A presentation on what is a Medical Journal Club and its value in clinical and academic training with the headings necessary for inclusion in a PowerPoint presentation.
Also contains Hyperlinks to useful CAT sites.
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES ENGLISH G110 Length 2000 word.docxlillie234567
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES | ENGLISH G110
Length: 2000 words (not counting Works Cited page).
Due: December 16, 2022
For your final paper you will write a research paper on Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Your
argument will be part of a feminist, psychoanalytic, or postcolonial critical discussion of the text.
You are required to use six secondary sources, four of which are on the novel itself.
The basic process involved in writing a research paper in literature is no different than other kinds
of research papers. Begin with an area of interest, ask questions sparked by that interest, and
formulate a working hypothesis as a response to one or more of those questions.
TOPIC & THESIS
The better you know the text, the easier it will be to find a topic. I highly advise rereading the text
and writing down ideas as you read. Pay attention to recurring themes; ask questions that prompt
and guide further inquiry. To begin your inquiry, use the questions in our critical theory text. One or
more of those questions might lead you to a specific hypothesis of your own, or you might find that
the text allows for an entirely different psychoanalytic or postcolonial reading.
When you have a hypothesis (one that you’ll refine into a strong thesis), start gathering sources.
Begin with searches specific to your topic, and broaden them until you have a sufficient number of
secondary sources to review.
The goal of the research is, first, for you to see how your hypothesis fits into the critical discussion
of your topic. You’ll find that much has been said about the topic, in which case you will need to ask
yourself how you can add to the discussion. You might agree with critics, but come to your
conclusion through different analyses, or you might disagree and make that disagreement your
thesis. It’s also possible that there is very little (or no) critical discussion of your specific topic. In
that case, you are exploring new territory and offering new ways of understanding the text.
The second goal of the research is for you to introduce the critical discussion as context for your
now refined thesis and to continue that discussion throughout your essay, quoting and paraphrasing
criticism wherever it relates to your main ideas.
SOURCES
Primary sources are the literary works themselves, such as Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Secondary sources
are works that analyze and interpret primary sources or provide relevant information. For this paper,
you are required to use six secondary sources. Four of your sources must discuss the novel itself.
Your other sources might be used for relevant contextual information, relevant concepts, etc. All of
your sources must be scholarly (scholarly books or scholarly articles).
As a student, you have access to a variety of databases through the library website. Use these
databases to search for scholarly articles.
Scholarly articles are written by scholars and experts in a particu.
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
The People Behind DSM-5Development of the fifth edition oMoseStaton39
The People Behind DSM-5
Development of the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has
been under way since 1999, when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) began recruiting a ros-
ter of diverse and internationally-recognized clinicians, scientific researchers and organizations to lend
their expertise. Through this wide scale collaboration, the DSM-5 development process has involved
not only psychiatrists, but also experts with backgrounds in psychology, social work, psychiatric nurs-
ing, pediatrics, and neurology. Participants in this effort represent 16 countries. All are leaders in their
fields and are participating on a voluntary basis.
Task Force, Work Group Members
DSM-5’s Task Force and 13 Work Groups include
more than 160 mental health and medical profession-
als who are leaders in their respective fields. The Task
Force oversees the entire project, while members of
the Work Groups bring specific expertise in the vari-
ous subspecialties of mental health. Each Task Force
and Work Group member has contributed hundreds
of hours to the task of updating and improving the
DSM.
The 28 Task Force members are leading the devel-
opment effort to develop DSM-5. Each Work Group
chair is a member of the Task Force. The Work Groups, with between eight and 15 members each, have
reviewed the scientific advances and research-based evidence that forms the basis of the content for
DSM-5.
The Work Group members represent more than 90 academic and mental health institutions throughout
the world. The selection of such a diverse group of professionals means that a multitude of viewpoints
is being considered in each decision. Approximately 30 percent are international. Nearly 100 are psychi-
atrists, 47 are psychologists, two are pediatric neurologists and three are statisticians/epidemiologists.
In addition, also included are a pediatrician, speech and hearing specialist, social worker, psychiatric
nurse and consumer and family representative.
Advisers
More than 300 outside advisers are contributing to DSM-5. Each was requested by a Work Group be-
cause of a specific and well-recognized expertise in a particular field. These advisers are providing the
Task Force and Work Groups with a wealth of knowledge based on their clinical and research experi-
ence.
Organizations
From 1999-2002, APA jointly sponsored conferences with the National Institutes of Mental Health, the
World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Psychiatric Association to develop a research agenda
for DSM-5.
0
20
40
60
80
100
DSM-5 Task Force and Work
Group Members
Psychiatrists
Psychologists
Other Health
Professionals
From 2004-2008, APA, WHO and the National Institutes of Health supported 13 additional conferences
involving nearly 400 participants from 39 countries, including 16 developing nations. The work resulted
in 10 monographs, hundreds of published articles regarding the current state ...
Similar to How to-prepare-for-journal-club2016 (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
1. How to Prepare for JournalHow to Prepare for Journal
ClubClub
Ramin Nazari, MDRamin Nazari, MD
Pediatric Residency ProgramPediatric Residency Program
June 2016June 2016
2. Definition of journal club
A journal club is a group of individual whoA journal club is a group of individual who
meet regularly to critically read,meet regularly to critically read,
understand and evaluate recent articlesunderstand and evaluate recent articles
published in medical or dental literature.published in medical or dental literature.
3. The first mention of a journal club is found in the 1835-54
memories of British surgeon Sir James Paget.
He reported that self-elect of pupils, making themselves into
a kind of club, had a small room over a baker’s shop near the
hospital gate where we could sit and read the journals’.
Sir William Osler is widely credited as establishing the first
organized journal club at McGill University in 1875(Linzer,
1987).
In 1996, professor Mattingly of Exeter university wrote one of
the first article about the journal clubs as an: Introduction to
the systemic use of medical literature for junior staff, and a
convenient method of surveying the medical literature for
senior staff.
Historical background of journal
club
4. Since then Journal club widely used to keep abreast of
current literature.
In the 1990s the concept of evidence base medicine
was introduced, defined as … the conscientious, explicit
and judicious use of current best evidence in making the
decision about the care of individual patients’ (Sackett et
al, 1996).
The skill of critical appraisal and ability to use the current
base in medicine practice has evolved, with journal clubs
being integral to this process.
Historical background of journal
club
5. Why attend Journal Clubs?
Journal club link research to clinical practice current medical
literature and act as a vehicle for the application of evidence-
based medicine through continuing medical education (Esisi,
2007; Leung et at, 2013).
Journal clubs also allow academic debate and networking
between colleagues of varying seniority (Esisi, 2007). Regular
meetings to discuss and appraise the medical literature help
trainees to develop their critical appraisal skills. These skills
are increasingly seen as a requirement for specialist hospital
doctors and the ability to demonstrate them is assessed at
specialty training interviews (Picard et at, 201 0; Leung et at,
2013).
By honing critical appraisal skills, competence is developed
and publications may follow in the form of 'letters to the editor’
or papers developing research ideas stimulated by the articles
reviewed
6. Characteristics of successful
journal clubs
They are held at regular intervals (e.g. monthly)
They are held at a set time convenient for the members
Attendance is compulsory and an attendance
register is held
The attending clinician share common clinical interests
There is a nominated chairman, who possesses
research experience and is widely respected. His/her
role is to chair meetings as well as guide club members
in their choice of journal articles
7. The club has a clear purpose which is agreed by the
members and is periodically reviewed
The articles selected for discussion are aligned with the
agreed ‘overall aim’ of the club and of clinical relevance
to the members
Original articles are the most frequent papers discussed
The papers are read in good time before the meeting.
Circulating the subject matter by email or the internet are
effective ways to do this
Food is available at the meetings; the provision of food
at meetings is widely reported to improve attendance.
Characteristics of successful
journal clubs
8. The benefit of a journal club
Critical appraisal skills are developed
Participants keep abreast of current medical literature
Research literacy and evidence based practice are
developed
The needs of continuing medical education are met
Interviewing skills are developed
Academic debate is a stimulator
Interdepartmental social and professional networking
take place
Publication are generated (e.g. letters to editor, further
research)
9. Common journal club goals
1.1. Providing participation with an update of medical orProviding participation with an update of medical or
dental literature.dental literature.
2.2. Teaching and learning the technique of criticalTeaching and learning the technique of critical
appraisal of available literature.appraisal of available literature.
3.3. Promoting the importance of valid research findings intoPromoting the importance of valid research findings into
regular practice at individual or community level.regular practice at individual or community level.
10. Paper SelectionPaper Selection
Pick a good paperPick a good paper
What makes a "good" J. Club paper?What makes a "good" J. Club paper?
The article should be selected from a peer-reviewed,The article should be selected from a peer-reviewed,
well-respected journal in Pediatrics.well-respected journal in Pediatrics.
Randomized controlled trials are best, although otherRandomized controlled trials are best, although other
types of studies such as cohorts, case-control studies,types of studies such as cohorts, case-control studies,
and meta-analyses can occasionally be chosen.and meta-analyses can occasionally be chosen.
Case reports and review articles are not appropriate forCase reports and review articles are not appropriate for
this purpose and should be avoided.this purpose and should be avoided.
Papers that present an important concept in a clearPapers that present an important concept in a clear
manner. Many excellent papers are published but themanner. Many excellent papers are published but the
data does not lend itself well to a clear presentation..data does not lend itself well to a clear presentation..
11. Paper SelectionPaper Selection
Overall features:Overall features:
Should clearly state WHY doing the problem in the firstShould clearly state WHY doing the problem in the first
place (significance) – find in introduction, should be wellplace (significance) – find in introduction, should be well
referenced, shouldn't have to go to additional sourcesreferenced, shouldn't have to go to additional sources
unless need to check specifics.unless need to check specifics.
Should clearly state WHAT is the problem to be solved –Should clearly state WHAT is the problem to be solved –
see introduction.see introduction.
Should clearly state HOW the problem is to be solved –Should clearly state HOW the problem is to be solved –
see Experimental Procedures.see Experimental Procedures.
Should clearly state the CONCLUSIONS of the paper –Should clearly state the CONCLUSIONS of the paper –
see Discussion.see Discussion.
12. If you have been assigned a mentor forIf you have been assigned a mentor for
journal club, consult the mentor at least 2journal club, consult the mentor at least 2
weeks in advance and choose a paperweeks in advance and choose a paper
that is interesting to your mentor. Beforethat is interesting to your mentor. Before
you prepare your JC presentation, read ayou prepare your JC presentation, read a
good recent review on the topicgood recent review on the topic
15. Step 1: introduction
Explain the clinical question that prompted
you to consult the literature and what drew
you to the article.
16. Step 2: who wrote the paper?
Consider the title of the paper, the authors and their
affiliated institutions(s). Are there any outstanding
features, e.g. a first study of its kind, a well—known
author or institution?
What is the impact factor of the journal! What is the
circulation (i.e. regional, national or international) and
who is the readership?
Try to ignore the abstract initially Reading the author's
stated conclusions before forming your own ideas about
the validity of the paper may influence your appraisal.
17. Step 3: the hypothesis
What is the research question?
Is it well constructed?
Does it observe the four basic components (PICO) of: a
good research question?
Population — who was studied?
Intervention — what was the intervention tested?
Control — what was the alternative that the intervention
was compared to?
Outcome — what was the nature of the outcome
measured
18. Step 4: Appraise the evidence
base
Read the key references and related papers. What is
already known on the subject? Is this correctly
presented? Is the hypothesis corrects? Is the question
relevant and important in the context of the existing
literature? What does the study contribute to the missing
literature?
The introduction will usually contain a statement
validating the content of the article by placing it in the
context of the wider literature.
For example, ‘Intervention ‘x’ has been shown to show
significant reduction in patient group ’y’. However, no
studies to date have assessed the effect of ‘x’ in patients
with a history of ‘z’.’
19. Step 5: Study design
The study type: Is it appropriate to the research
question and the subject under investigation, e.g.
randomized controlled trial, case control, meta-analysis,
cross-sectional, descriptive
The study population:
Can the results of the study be translated to the general
population! Is the patient group representative of the
normal population? If not, is this addressed in the text
Randomization: How are the participants allocated
into the groups?
20. Bias: This refers to a flaw in impartiality that introduces
systematic error into the methodology and results of a
study
Is the research method exposed to bias?
Has randomization been used to reduce experimenter
bias?
What form of blinding or masking has been used to
reduce experimental or observational bias?
Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Are these
appropriate and clearly stated? Can you identify any
oversights that may affect the validity of the study?
Step 5: Study design
21. Step 6: is the method thorough?
A flawed methodology will underline the validity of the results.
Consider the following:
Was the method and approach to the study appropriately
diligent? Were processes consistent? Was follow up complete
and consistent in each group? What outcome measures were
used and were they appropriate?
Are the statistical tools adopted suitable and correctly
interpreted by investigators?
22. Have the authors made a power statement? What
significant level has been used ( P value)?
Has the power of the study been stated, does it exceed
80%? Was a power analysis carried out?
Was this before the study or post hoc? Is the study
sufficiently powered to eliminate the errors?
Do the data exhibit low variability? What is the effect
size?
Step 6: is the method thorough?
23. Step7: Results
Are the results clearly stated?
Have any results been ignored and why? Is the result
statistically significant, i.e. Is the P value less than 0.05
(is the null hypothesis rejected)?
Were results analyzed based on the intention-to-treat
principle?
Remember to review supplementary graphs and tables
and consider whether they are accurate and represent
the data presented in the text.
24. Step 8: discussion and
Interpretation
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the study. Do
the results support the conclusions?
Often the conclusion will exceed the scope of the
evidence base in the preceding paper.
Consider the statistical significance vs the clinical
significance? Does the article acknowledge the relevant
literature and other approaches?
Before concluding, the authors will often include a
discussion of the limitations of the study. Close attention
should be paid to this to ensure a fair appraisal of the
author's claims.
Have the authors declared any conflicts of interest?
25. Step 9: clinical context
End your appraisal by assessing how the paper might
change clinical practice.
You might refer back to the clinical question that first
drew you to the article.
26. Step 10: output
Having critically appraised and presented the article,
consider whether your comments would be of interest to
the publishing journal in the form of a letter to the editor.
Particular points of merit, in addition to inconsistencies or
statistical short failings, arc of interest to the journal, its
readership and the author. Writing letters to the editor is
a useful way to hone writing skills and. if accepted, are
often published quickly and enhance a CV. Often, the
article may suggest areas for further research.
27.
28. The goal of the presentation is not to provide a detailed
description of the article, because the audience should
have read the article ahead of time.
Rather, the presentation should focus on refreshing the
audience’s memory by highlighting the main points.
The remainder of the journal club can be spent appraising
the article with the group by discussing the strengths and
weaknesses, applicability of the results to one’s patients
and clinical practice, and future research that may be
needed to substantiate the findings.
It is always helpful to ask faculty or experts in the field to
attend so that they can lend insightful comments to the
discussion.
29. Finally, always remember to rehearse theFinally, always remember to rehearse the
presentation on your own ahead of time topresentation on your own ahead of time to
ensure a smooth delivery.ensure a smooth delivery.
Editor's Notes
The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact factors deemed to be more important than those with lower ones.