How To Critique A Journal Article
Sponsored by The Center for Teaching and Learning at UIS
Last Edited 4/9/2009 Page 1 of 2
So your assignment is to critique a journal article. This handout will give you a few guidelines to
follow as you go. But wait, what kind of a journal article is it: an empirical/research article, or a
review of literature? Some of the guidelines offered here will apply to critiques of all kinds of
articles, but each type of article may provoke questions that are especially pertinent to that type
and no other. Read on.
First of all, for any type of journal article your critique should include some basic information:
1. Name(s) of the author(s)
2. Title of article
3. Title of journal, volume number, date, month and page numbers
4. Statement of the problem or issue discussed
5. The author’s purpose, approach or methods, hypothesis, and major conclusions.
The bulk of your critique, however, should consist of your qualified opinion of the article.
Read the article you are to critique once to get an overview. Then read it again, critically. At this
point you may want to make some notes to yourself on your copy (not the library’s copy,
please).
The following are some questions you may want to address in your critique no matter what type
of article you are critiquing. (Use your discretion. These points don’t have to be discussed in this
order, and some may not be pertinent to your particular article.)
1. Is the title of the article appropriate and clear?
2. Is the abstract specific, representative of the article, and in the correct form?
3. Is the purpose of the article made clear in the introduction?
4. Do you find errors of fact and interpretation? (This is a good one! You won’t believe how
often authors misinterpret or misrepresent the work of others. You can check on this by looking
up for yourself the references the author cites.)
5. Is all of the discussion relevant?
6. Has the author cited the pertinent, and only the pertinent, literature? If the author has included
inconsequential references, or references that are not pertinent, suggest deleting them.
7. Have any ideas been overemphasized or underemphasized? Suggest specific revisions.
8. Should some sections of the manuscript be expanded, condensed or omitted?
9. Are the author’s statements clear? Challenge ambiguous statements. Suggest by examples how
clarity can be achieved, but do not merely substitute your style for the author’s.
10. What underlying assumptions does the author have?
11. Has the author been objective in his or her discussion of the topic?
In addition, here are some questions that are more specific to empirical/research articles. (Again,
use your discretion.)
1. Is the objective of the experiment or of the observations important for the field?
2. Are the experimental methods described adequately?
3. Are the study design and methods appropriate for the purposes of the study?
4. Have the procedures ...
Scholarly Article Critique First of all, for any type of.docxjeffsrosalyn
Scholarly Article Critique
First of all, for any type of journal article your critique should include some basic information:
1. Name(s) of the author(s)
2. Title of article
3. Title of journal, volume number, date, month and page numbers
4. Statement of the problem or issue discussed
5. The author’s purpose, approach or methods, hypothesis, and major conclusions.
The bulk of your critique, however, should consist of your qualified opinion of the article.
Read the article you are to critique once to get an overview. Then read it again, critically. At this
point you may want to make some notes to yourself
The following are some questions you may want to address in your critique no matter what type
of article you are critiquing. (Use your discretion. These points don’t have to be discussed in this
order, and some may not be pertinent to your particular article.) These are just examples of the
way you can go. You do not have to answer all of these questions. Most critiques are only 1
to 2 pages in length
1. Is the title of the article appropriate and clear?
2. Is the abstract specific, representative of the article, and in the correct form?
3. Is the purpose of the article made clear in the introduction?
4. Do you find errors of fact and interpretation? (This is a good one! You won’t believe how
often authors misinterpret or misrepresent the work of others. You can check on this by looking
up for yourself the references the author cites.)
5. Is all of the discussion relevant?
6. Has the author cited the pertinent, and only the pertinent, literature? If the author has included
inconsequential references, or references that are not pertinent, suggest deleting them.
7. Have any ideas been overemphasized or underemphasized? Suggest specific revisions.
8. Should some sections of the manuscript be expanded, condensed or omitted?
9. Are the author’s statements clear? Challenge ambiguous statements. Suggest by examples how
clarity can be achieved, but do not merely substitute your style for the author’s.
10. What underlying assumptions does the author have?
11. Has the author been objective in his or her discussion of the topic?
In addition, here are some questions that are more specific to empirical/research articles. (Again,
use your discretion.)
1. Is the objective of the experiment or of the observations important for the field?
2. Are the experimental methods described adequately?
3. Are the study design and methods appropriate for the purposes of the study?
4. Have the procedures been presented in enough detail to enable a reader to duplicate them?
White Paper j
Bridging the Digital Divide: Reaching Vulnerable Populations
BETTY L. CHANG, FNP, DNSC, SUZANNE BAKKEN, RN, DNSC, S. SCOTT BROWN, MPH,
THOMAS K. HOUSTON, MD, MPH, GARY L. KREPS, PHD, RITA KUKAFKA, DRPH, MA,
CHARLES SAFRAN, MD, P. ZOE STAVRI, PHD, MLS
A b s t r a c t The AMIA 2003 Spring Congress entitled.
This presentation was funded by CDC and PEPFAR through the SUCCEED project at Stellenbosch University. The presentation was delivered by Ms Lynn Hendricks from the Centre for Evidence Based Health Care in July 2017
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
HCS 465 Assignment Week 1 Research Process and Methods
Research the common steps to the research process used in health care research.
Review steps covered in Understanding and Conducting Research in the Health Sciences this Assignment Week,
Scholarly Article Critique First of all, for any type of.docxjeffsrosalyn
Scholarly Article Critique
First of all, for any type of journal article your critique should include some basic information:
1. Name(s) of the author(s)
2. Title of article
3. Title of journal, volume number, date, month and page numbers
4. Statement of the problem or issue discussed
5. The author’s purpose, approach or methods, hypothesis, and major conclusions.
The bulk of your critique, however, should consist of your qualified opinion of the article.
Read the article you are to critique once to get an overview. Then read it again, critically. At this
point you may want to make some notes to yourself
The following are some questions you may want to address in your critique no matter what type
of article you are critiquing. (Use your discretion. These points don’t have to be discussed in this
order, and some may not be pertinent to your particular article.) These are just examples of the
way you can go. You do not have to answer all of these questions. Most critiques are only 1
to 2 pages in length
1. Is the title of the article appropriate and clear?
2. Is the abstract specific, representative of the article, and in the correct form?
3. Is the purpose of the article made clear in the introduction?
4. Do you find errors of fact and interpretation? (This is a good one! You won’t believe how
often authors misinterpret or misrepresent the work of others. You can check on this by looking
up for yourself the references the author cites.)
5. Is all of the discussion relevant?
6. Has the author cited the pertinent, and only the pertinent, literature? If the author has included
inconsequential references, or references that are not pertinent, suggest deleting them.
7. Have any ideas been overemphasized or underemphasized? Suggest specific revisions.
8. Should some sections of the manuscript be expanded, condensed or omitted?
9. Are the author’s statements clear? Challenge ambiguous statements. Suggest by examples how
clarity can be achieved, but do not merely substitute your style for the author’s.
10. What underlying assumptions does the author have?
11. Has the author been objective in his or her discussion of the topic?
In addition, here are some questions that are more specific to empirical/research articles. (Again,
use your discretion.)
1. Is the objective of the experiment or of the observations important for the field?
2. Are the experimental methods described adequately?
3. Are the study design and methods appropriate for the purposes of the study?
4. Have the procedures been presented in enough detail to enable a reader to duplicate them?
White Paper j
Bridging the Digital Divide: Reaching Vulnerable Populations
BETTY L. CHANG, FNP, DNSC, SUZANNE BAKKEN, RN, DNSC, S. SCOTT BROWN, MPH,
THOMAS K. HOUSTON, MD, MPH, GARY L. KREPS, PHD, RITA KUKAFKA, DRPH, MA,
CHARLES SAFRAN, MD, P. ZOE STAVRI, PHD, MLS
A b s t r a c t The AMIA 2003 Spring Congress entitled.
This presentation was funded by CDC and PEPFAR through the SUCCEED project at Stellenbosch University. The presentation was delivered by Ms Lynn Hendricks from the Centre for Evidence Based Health Care in July 2017
For more course tutorials visit
www.newtonhelp.com
HCS 465 Assignment Week 1 Research Process and Methods
Research the common steps to the research process used in health care research.
Review steps covered in Understanding and Conducting Research in the Health Sciences this Assignment Week,
Chamberlain College of NursingNR-283 PathophysiologySession.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR-283: Pathophysiology
Session,
NOTE: This is a template and guide. Delete all highlighted materials.
The paper template, including the reference page, title page, headers, and page numbers, are already formatted for you.
Running head: 1
2
The title here must match the title on your title page. Your introduction follows the title of your paper (note that the title is not bolded). Note also that there is no heading that says Introduction. The paragraph or two that follows the title on the first page of your text is assumed to be your introduction. You should start your introduction with a powerful statement or two to stimulate interest. You should identify that the purpose of your paper is to explain the pathophysiological processes of a selected health condition, predict clinical manifestations and complications of the health condition, and correlate lifestyle, environmental, and other influences that will occur in your patient due to a change in their level of wellness. (See the “Purpose” and “Course Outcomes: in your guidelines.) Remember that formal papers are in third person, so no you, I, me, or we until you make a recommendation about your article. In this introduction, you should introduce the disease process that you are writing about in a paragraph of at least 200 words. You should include a description of the disease and the epidemiology of the disease. Epidemiology includes the overall incidence (who gets it) and distribution (where is it seen most often) of your chosen disease topic. An APA formatted citation for where you have found your information should be included. (e.g., “The literature review by Hubert and VanMeter (2018) . . . .” or “Hubert and VanMeter (2018) described posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in nurses, specifically psychiatric nurses, as occurring most frequently.) [Do not quote more than one or two short passages (just several words) if any. Summarize—do not paraphrase or change words in the original (that’s called paraphrasing plagiarism)]. [1-2 well developed paragraphs here should be your minimum here.]
Etiology
This section should include common causes of the disease or condition. Next, discuss the risk factors for the disease or condition. Next, discuss how age, gender, or race might affect your disease or condition. Next discuss how the environment might contribute to your disease or condition. Finally discuss how lifestyle choices might contribute to or reduce your disease or condition. Be sure to properly cite your sources. Summarize information only. (Do not copy it word for word to avoid plagiarism.) {You might say something like this: Hubert and VanMeter (2013) described pain as a subjective symptom in patients. Phantom pain was specifically identified as “pain that is perceived by the person as occurring in the lost limb and usually does not respond to usual pain therapies.” (Hubert and VanMeter 2013, p. 57). [This is about as much as you should ...
1
6
Nutrition
Name
Institutional affiliation
Professor
Course
Date
Introduction
An individual’s nutritional status mainly results from various factors interacting at different levels (Shirakabe et al., 2018). Nevertheless, an individual’s eating pattern is an essential factor that dictates disease occurrence, particularly some chronic conditions like hypertension, cancer, stroke, heart disease, and diabetes. Again, adverse outcomes, including malnutrition, poor life quality, low birth weight, mortality, and disability, are relative to poor eating patterns. Therefore, recognizing diet’s role at the onset of disease and evaluating the nutritional status of a community, family, and individual are essential public health. In this case, nutritional assessment help to obtain information concerning the geographical distribution and prevalence of nutritional disorders in a community or a specific population group. The assessment also aids in planning corrective measures and examining the effectiveness of applied strategies simultaneously.
Article Search
Identifying recently published articles that support present nutritional status evaluation is necessary to locate essential evidence for the topic. Hence, it was imperative to determine scholarly academic sources whose publications range within the past five years to facilitate up-to-date information that applies to the paper’s focus. In this case, I used search terms “Malnutrition,” “Mini Nutritional Assessment,” and “Diets” in the NCBI and PubMed search databases. Here, I located the articles “Assessing and Evaluating Nutritional Status, Diets, and Physical Activity” and “Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Elderly Patients Presenting to the Family Health Center” using this technique to find information that supports nutritional status assessment.
Article Findings
The findings in the articles emphasize the significance of implementing nutritional status assessments to maintain individuals’ health status. Cross-sectional research took place at a domestic health center in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 102 patients in FHC without severe dementia, communication problems, or psychiatric conditions (Nazan & Buket, 2018). Participants completed an MNA questionnaire regarding daily meal numbers, feeding mode, fluid and protein consumption, anthropometric measurements, and patients’ self-view concerning health and nutritional status. In the study, 31% of the participants had malnutrition risk, while 13% were malnourished. The findings showed that malnutrition prevalence was higher in males, and malnutrition risk increases with age in any geriatric population. Again, patients with malnutrition portrayed severe appetite loss. Generally, the study shows that the malnutrition rate increase rapidly in parallel with the global elderly growth. Hence, the article addresses the topic because the application of nutritional screening examinations for the elderly people would facilitate health me ...
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docxjuliennehar
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introduction. My topic is on women and obesity. What causes women to become obese? My four psychological domains that I am using for this integrative literature review are Domain- 1: Biological (includes neuroscience, consciousness, and sensation), Domain 3: Development (includes learning and conditioning, lifespan development, and language), Domain 4: Social and Personality (includes the study of personality, emotion, motivation, gender, and culture) and Domain 5: Mental and Physical Health (includes abnormal psychology, therapy, and health psychology) If you could please do the Discussion which includes the analysis, critique, synthesis and conclusion.
These are the instructions:
Integrative Literature Review
The primary goal of this literature review is to integrate concepts from four different content domains within the larger field of psychology. The four content domains should be chosen from previous coursework in this program. In this paper, students will review the findings in the individual empirical articles, organize the research in a meaningful way, evaluate the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the research findings, and present an integrated synthesis of the research that sheds new light on the topics within and across the four domains.
The result of a successful integrative literature review may be a significant contribution to a particular body of knowledge and, consequently, to research and practice. Therefore, before writing this literature review, substantive new research must be conducted via the Internet and within the Ashford University Library for each of the four chosen domains. A minimum of six sources must be included for each of the four domains. Although content from literature reviews completed in prior courses within this program may be included, it may not constitute the total research for the individual domains addressed within this assignment. No more than four sources from previous literature reviews completed in this program may be utilized for this integrative review.
The headings listed below must be used within the paper to delineate the sections of content. These sections include the following: a clear introduction that provides a general review and organizes the research in a meaningful way; a discussion in which the evidence is presented through analysis, critique, and synthesis; and a conclusion in which the discussion is drawn together in a meaningful way, the claims of the introduction are brought to a logical closure, and new research is proposed.
Introduction
· Provide a conceptual (theoretical, abstract, summary) framework (background) for the review.
· Describe how the review will be organized. The questions below may be used to guide this section.
· What are the guiding (leading) theories (idea) within the domains (area, field)?
· How are the domains (area, field) connected?
· Are there competing points of view across th ...
Question 1Does a fair tax exist Is a progressive tax better tha.docxmakdul
Question 1
Does a fair tax exist? Is a progressive tax better than a proportional tax? These are difficult questions since taxes affect people in different household situations in different ways. Three criteria used in assessing the fairness of taxes are benefits received, ability to pay, and the payment burden.
Benefits Received
· The fairness criterion states that people should pay taxes in proportion to the benefits they receive from the government.
· An example is the use of gasoline taxes and driver’s license fees for road construction and repairs.
· Equitable as the benefits-received criterion may seem, it is very difficult to implement.
Ability to Pay
· A commonly accepted criterion of tax fairness is that individuals with different amounts of wealth or income should pay different amounts of taxes.
· Supporters of ability to pay usually argue that high tax bills hurt the rich less than the poor. This argument is the basis for the progressive tax, in which tax rates increase as the level of taxable income increases. The federal income tax is a progressive tax.
· In a proportional tax, or flat tax, a constant tax rate is applied to all levels of the tax base. Many state and local income taxes are examples of proportional taxes.
· Some proportional taxes may seem fair, but in fact they penalize people in low income groups. For example, when all individuals are charged sales tax on food, low income people who use a larger portion of their incomes for necessities, pay a greater percentage of their total income for sales tax than people with higher incomes pay. A regressive tax of this kind involves taxes that decrease, as a portion of income, as the tax base increases and tend to place a heavier burden on the poor. For this reason, many states do not tax sales of food and medications.
Payment Burden
· Many people believe only individuals pay taxes. Although businesses pay property and income taxes, some observers contend that these taxes are passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices.
· We pay many indirect taxes of this kind. In addition to those just mentioned, a portion of building owners’ real estate taxes are paid by tenants as part of their rent.
· In contrast, direct taxes cannot be passed on to someone else. Property taxes paid by homeowners and income taxes paid by individuals are examples of direct taxes.
Does a fair tax exist? Would you rather pay a tax directly or indirectly? Is a progressive tax better than a proportional tax? What is your opinion?
Question 2
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of installing a defined benefit pension plan.
Question 3
Discuss the implications of using life insurance to fund a qualified plan relative to the incidental death benefit test.
Question 4
Discuss the types of pension and welfare plans that are exempt from ERISA regulations.
Question 5
Discuss situation in which an employer might want to implement an age-weighted plan.
Question 6
Discuss the similarities and dif ...
httpswww.azed.govoelaselpsUse this to see the English Lang.docxpooleavelina
https://www.azed.gov/oelas/elps/
Use this to see the English Language Proficiency Standards of Arizona-Pick a grade level
https://cms.azed.gov/home/GetDocumentFile?id=54de1d88aadebe14a87070f0
http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/introduction/how-to-read-the-standards/
how to read standards
Week 04
Acquisition and Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/nbn-customers-face-higher-prices-or-poorer-internet-connection-audit-warns-20190813-p52go7.html
Customer Relationship Management?
CRM is the process of carefully managing detailed information about individual
customers and all customer touch points to maximize customer loyalty.
Now closely associated with data warehousing and mining
Relationship
Relationship
Identifying good customers: RFM Model
Recency
Frequency
Monetary Value
Time/purchase occasions since the last purchase
Number of purchase occasions since first purchase
Amount spent since the first purchase
R
F
M
Total RFM Score: R Score + F score + M Score
CASE: Database for BookBinders Book Club
Predict response to a mailing for the book, Art History of Florence, based on the
following variables accumulated in the database and the responses to a test mailing:
Gender
Amount purchased
Months since first purchase
Months since last purchase
Frequency of purchase
Past purchases of art books
Past purchases of children’s books
Past purchases of cook books
Past purchases of DIY books
Past purchases of youth books
Recency
Frequency
Monetary
Example: RFM Model Scoring Criteria
R
Months from last
purchase
13-max 10-12 7-9 3-6 0-2
Score 5pts 10 15 20 25
F
Frequency > 30 21-30 16-20 11-15 0-10
Score 25pts 20 15 10 5
M
Amount
purchased
> 400 301-400 201-300 101- 200 100
Score 50 45 30 15 10
Implement using Nested If statements in Excel
Decile Classification
• Standard Assessment Method
• Apply the results of approach and
calculate the “score” of each individual
• Order the customers based on “score”
from the highest to the lowest
• Divide into deciles
• Calculate profits per deciles
Customer 1 Score 1.00
Customer 2 Score 0.99
….
Customer 230 Score 0.92
Customer 2300 Score 0.00
Decile1
Decile10
…
..
…
..
Output for Bookbinders club
Decile Score RFM No. of Mailings Cost of mailing RFM Units sold RFM Profit
10 17.6% 5000 $3,250 783 $4,733
20 34.8% 10000 $6,500 1,543 $9,243
30 46.1% 15000 $9,750 2,043 $11,093
40 53.4% 20000 $13,000 2,370 $11,170
50 65.2% 25000 $16,250 2,891 $13,241
60 77.9% 30000 $19,500 3,457 $15,757
70 83.3% 35000 $22,750 3,696 $14,946
80 91.7% 40000 $26,000 4,065 $15,465
90 97.5% 45000 $29,250 4,326 $14,876
100 100.0% 50000 $32,500 4,435 $12,735
Note: Market Potential = 4435 units and margin = $10.20
Leaky bucket
New customer
acquisition
Purchase increase by
current customers
Purchase decrease by
current customers
Lost customers
Lost customers
Credit Card Rewards Program ...
httpfmx.sagepub.comField Methods DOI 10.117715258.docxpooleavelina
http://fmx.sagepub.com
Field Methods
DOI: 10.1177/1525822X04269550
2005; 17; 30 Field Methods
Don A. Dillman and Leah Melani Christian
Survey Mode as a Source of Instability in Responses across Surveys
http://fmx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/1/30
The online version of this article can be found at:
Published by:
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10.1177/1525822X04269550FIELD METHODSDillman, Christian / SURVEY MODE AS SOURCE OF INSTABILITY
Survey Mode as a Source of Instability
in Responses across Surveys
DON A. DILLMAN
LEAH MELANI CHRISTIAN
Washington State University
Changes in survey mode for conducting panel surveys may contribute significantly to
survey error. This article explores the causes and consequences of such changes in
survey mode. The authors describe how and why the choice of survey mode often
causes changes to be made to the wording of questions, as well as the reasons that
identically worded questions often produce different answers when administered
through different modes. The authors provide evidence that answers may change as a
result of different visual layouts for otherwise identical questions and suggest ways
to keep measurement the same despite changes in survey mode.
Keywords: survey mode; questionnaire; panel survey; measurement; survey error
Most panel studies require measurement of the same variables at different
times. Often, participants are asked questions, several days, weeks, months,
or years apart to measure change in some characteristics of interest to the
investigation. These characteristics might include political attitudes, satis-
faction with a health care provider, frequency of a behavior, ownership of
financial resources, or level of educational attainment. Whatever the charac-
teristic of interest, it is important that the question used to ascertain it perform
the same across multiple data collections.
In addition, declining survey response rates, particularly for telephone
surveys, have encouraged researchers to use multiple modes of data collec-
tion during the administration of a single cross-sectional survey. Encouraged
by the availability of more survey modes than in the past and evidence that a
change in modes produces higher response rates (Dillman 2002), surveyors
This is a revision of a paper presented at t ...
https://iexaminer.org/fake-news-personal-responsibility-must-trump-intellectual-laziness/
Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual laziness
By Matt Chan January 4, 2017
Where do you get your news? That question has become incredibly important given the results of our Presidential Election. How many times have you heard, “I read a news story on Facebook and …” The problem: Facebook is not a news service; it’s a “social media” site whose purpose is to connect like-minded friends and family, to provide you with social connections, and online entertainment.
For Asian Americans social media provides an important and useful way of connecting socially and in some cases politically, but there is a downside. The downside is how social media actually works. These sites employ elaborate algorithms to track and analyze your posts, likes, and dislikes to provide you with a custom experience unique to you. The truth is you are being marketed to, not informed. What looks like news, is not really news, it’s personal validation. All in an attempt to keep you on the site longer, to click a few more things, to make you feel good about what you’re reading. It makes it seem like most people agree with you because you’re only fed information and stories that validate your worldview.
On the other hand, real news is hard work. Its fact-based information presented by people who have checked, researched, and documented what they are presenting as the truth. Real news can be verified.
“Fake News” is, well, fake, often times entirely made-up or containing a hint of truth. Social media was largely responsible for pushing “fake news” stories that were entirely made up to drive clicks on websites. These clicks in turn generated money for the people promoting the stories. The more outrageous the story, the more clicks, the more revenue. When you factor in the algorithms that feed you what you like, you can clearly see the more “fake news” you consume on social media, the more is pushed your way. There’s an abundance of pseudo news sites that merely re-post and curate existing stories, adding their bias to validate their audience’s beliefs, no matter how crazy or mainstream. It is curated solely for you. Now factor in that nearly 44% of Americans obtain some or most of their news from social media and you have a very toxic mix.
The mainstream news media has also fallen into this validation trap. You have one news network that solely reflects the right wing, others that take the view of the left-center leaning, and what is lost are the facts and context, the balance we need to evaluate, learn, and understand the world. People seeking fact-based journalism lose, because the more extreme the media becomes to entice consumers with provocative headlines and click-bait to earn more money, the less their news is fact-based and becomes more opinion driven.
There was a time when fact-based reporting was required of broadcast news. It was called “The Fairness Doctrin ...
http1500cms.comBECAUSE THIS FORM IS USED BY VARIOUS .docxpooleavelina
http://1500cms.com/
BECAUSE THIS FORM IS USED BY VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE HEALTH PROGRAMS, SEE SEPARATE INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED BY
APPLICABLE PROGRAMS.
NOTICE: Any person who knowingly files a statement of claim containing any misrepresentation or any false, incomplete or misleading information may
be guilty of a criminal act punishable under law and may be subject to civil penalties.
REFERS TO GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ONLY
MEDICARE AND CHAMPUS PAYMENTS: A patient’s signature requests that payment be made and authorizes release of any information necessary to process
the claim and certifies that the information provided in Blocks 1 through 12 is true, accurate and complete. In the case of a Medicare claim, the patient’s signature
authorizes any entity to release to Medicare medical and nonmedical information, including employment status, and whether the person has employer group health
insurance, liability, no-fault, worker’s compensation or other insurance which is responsible to pay for the services for which the Medicare claim is made. See 42
CFR 411.24(a). If item 9 is completed, the patient’s signature authorizes release of the information to the health plan or agency shown. In Medicare assigned or
CHAMPUS participation cases, the physician agrees to accept the charge determination of the Medicare carrier or CHAMPUS fiscal intermediary as the full charge,
and the patient is responsible only for the deductible, coinsurance and noncovered services. Coinsurance and the deductible are based upon the charge
determination of the Medicare carrier or CHAMPUS fiscal intermediary if this is less than the charge submitted. CHAMPUS is not a health insurance program but
makes payment for health benefits provided through certain affiliations with the Uniformed Services. Information on the patient’s sponsor should be provided in those
items captioned in “Insured”; i.e., items 1a, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 11.
BLACK LUNG AND FECA CLAIMS
The provider agrees to accept the amount paid by the Government as payment in full. See Black Lung and FECA instructions regarding required procedure and
diagnosis coding systems.
SIGNATURE OF PHYSICIAN OR SUPPLIER (MEDICARE, CHAMPUS, FECA AND BLACK LUNG)
I certify that the services shown on this form were medically indicated and necessary for the health of the patient and were personally furnished by me or were furnished
incident to my professional service by my employee under my immediate personal supervision, except as otherwise expressly permitted by Medicare or CHAMPUS
regulations.
For services to be considered as “incident” to a physician’s professional service, 1) they must be rendered under the physician’s immediate personal supervision
by his/her employee, 2) they must be an integral, although incidental part of a covered physician’s service, 3) they must be of kinds commonly furnished in physician’s
offices, and 4) the services of nonphysicians must be included on the physician’s bills.
For CHA ...
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323444.php
https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.2008.16.0333
https://journals.lww.com/co-hematology/Abstract/2007/03000/Influence_of_new_molecular_prognostic_markers_in.5.aspx
Influence of new molecular prognostic markers in patients with karyotypically normal acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances
Mrózek, Krzysztofa; Döhner, Hartmutb; Bloomfield, Clara Da
Current Opinion in Hematology: March 2007 - Volume 14 - Issue 2 - p 106–114
doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32801684c7
Myeloid disease
Purpose of review Molecular study of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia is among the most active areas of leukemia research. Despite having the same normal karyotype, adults with de-novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia who constitute the largest cytogenetic group of acute myeloid leukemia, are very diverse with respect to acquired gene mutations and gene expression changes. These genetic alterations affect clinical outcome and may assist in selection of proper treatment. Herein we critically summarize recent clinically relevant molecular genetic studies of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia.
Recent findings NPM1 gene mutations causing aberrant cytoplasmic localization of nucleophosmin have been demonstrated to be the most frequent submicroscopic alterations in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia and to confer improved prognosis, especially in patients without a concomitant FLT3 gene internal tandem duplication. Overexpressed BAALC, ERG and MN1 genes and expression of breast cancer resistance protein have been shown to confer poor prognosis. A gene-expression signature previously suggested to separate cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia patients into prognostic subgroups has been validated on a different microarray platform, although gene-expression signature-based classifiers predicting outcome for individual patients with greater accuracy are still needed.
Summary The discovery of new prognostic markers has increased our understanding of leukemogenesis and may lead to improved prognostication and generation of novel risk-adapted therapies.
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/127/1/53?sso-checked=true
An update of current treatments for adult acute myeloid leukemia
Hervé Dombret and Claude Gardin
Abstract
Recent advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) biology and its genetic landscape should ultimately lead to more subset-specific AML therapies, ideally tailored to each patient's disease. Although a growing number of distinct AML subsets have been increasingly characterized, patient management has remained disappointingly uniform. If one excludes acute promyelocytic leukemia, current AML management still relies largely on intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), at least in younger patients who can tolerate such intensive treatments. Nevertheless, progress has been made, notably in terms of standard drug dose in ...
httpstheater.nytimes.com mem theater treview.htmlres=9902e6.docxpooleavelina
https://theater.nytimes.com/ mem/ theater/ treview.html?res=9902e6db1639f931a25753c1a962948260
THEATER: WILSON'S 'MA RAINEY'S' OPENS
By FRANK RICH
Published: October 12, 1984, Friday
LATE in Act I of ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom,'' a somber, aging band trombonist (Joe Seneca) tilts his head heavenward to sing the blues. The setting is a dilapidated Chicago recording studio of 1927, and the song sounds as old as time. ''If I had my way,'' goes the lyric, ''I would tear this old building down.''
Once the play has ended, that lyric has almost become a prophecy. In ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom,'' the writer August Wilson sends the entire history of black America crashing down upon our heads. This play is a searing inside account of what white racism does to its victims - and it floats on the same authentic artistry as the blues music it celebrates. Harrowing as ''Ma Rainey's'' can be, it is also funny, salty, carnal and lyrical. Like his real-life heroine, the legendary singer Gertrude (Ma) Rainey, Mr. Wilson articulates a legacy of unspeakable agony and rage in a spellbinding voice.
The play is Mr. Wilson's first to arrive in New York, and it reached here, via the Yale Repertory Theater, under the sensitive hand of the man who was born to direct it, Lloyd Richards. On Broadway, Mr. Richards has honed ''Ma Rainey's'' to its finest form. What's more, the director brings us an exciting young actor - Charles S. Dutton - along with his extraordinary dramatist. One wonders if the electricity at the Cort is the same that audiences felt when Mr. Richards, Lorraine Hansberry and Sidney Poitier stormed into Broadway with ''A Raisin in the Sun'' a quarter-century ago.
As ''Ma Rainey's'' shares its director and Chicago setting with ''Raisin,'' so it builds on Hansberry's themes: Mr. Wilson's characters want to make it in white America. And, to a degree, they have. Ma Rainey (1886-1939) was among the first black singers to get a recording contract - albeit with a white company's ''race'' division. Mr. Wilson gives us Ma (Theresa Merritt) at the height of her fame. A mountain of glitter and feathers, she has become a despotic, temperamental star, complete with a retinue of flunkies, a fancy car and a kept young lesbian lover.
The evening's framework is a Paramount-label recording session that actually happened, but whose details and supporting players have been invented by the author. As the action swings between the studio and the band's warm-up room - designed by Charles Henry McClennahan as if they might be the festering last- chance saloon of ''The Iceman Cometh'' - Ma and her four accompanying musicians overcome various mishaps to record ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'' and other songs. During the delays, the band members smoke reefers, joke around and reminisce about past gigs on a well-traveled road stretching through whorehouses and church socials from New Orleans to Fat Back, Ark.
The musicians' speeches are like improvised band solos - variously fiz ...
https://fitsmallbusiness.com/employee-compensation-plan/
The puzzle of motivation | Dan Pink [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrkrvAUbU9Y
Refining the total rewards package through employee input at MillerCoors [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I7nv0B4_NU&feature=youtu.be
How to design an employee compensation plan [SlideShare slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/FitSmallBusiness/how-to-design-a-compensation-plan-dave?ref=http://fitsmallbusiness.com/how-to-pay-employees/
Compensation strategies [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/U2wjvBigs7w
· Expectations for Power Point Presentations in Units IV and V
I would like to provide information about what needs to be included in presentations. Please review the rubric prior to submitting any assignment. If you don't know where to find this, please contact me.
1. You need a title slide.
2. You need an overview of the presentation slide (slide after the title slide). This is how you would organize a presentation if you were presenting it at work.
3. You need a summary slide (before the reference slide); same reason as above.
4. Please do not forget to cite on slides where you are writing about something related to what you have read. Please consider each slide a paragraph. You can cite on the slides or in the notes. If you do not cite, you will not get credit for the slide.
- Direct quotes should not be used in this presentation as they are not analysis.
5. Remember, all I can evaluate is what you submit, so please consider using notes to explain what you are writing in further detail. Bullets are great and you can use these but then provide more detail in the notes.
6. Graphics - Please include graphics/charts/graphs as this is evaluated in the rubric (quality of the presentation).
7. References - For all references, you need citations. For all citations, you need references. They must match. All must be formatted using APA requirements. Please review the Quick Reference Guide that was posted in the announcements.
Please never hesitate to email me with any questions. If you need further clarification about feedback or if you do not agree with any of the feedback, please contact me. My door is always open.
Assignment 1
Positioning Statement and Motto
Use the provided information, as well as your own research, to assess one (1) of the stated brands (Tesla, SmoothieKing, Suave, or Nintendo) by completing the questions below with an ORIGINAL response to each. At the end of the worksheet, be sure to develop a new ORIGINAL positioning statement and motto for the brand you selected. Submit the completed template in the Week 4 assignment submission link.
Name:
Professor’s Name:
Course Title:
Date:
Company/Brand Selected (Tesla, SmoothieKing, Suave or Nintendo):
1. Target Customers/Users
Who are the target customers for the company/brand? Make sure you tell why you selected each item that you did. (NOTE: DO NO ...
http://hps.org/documents/pregnancy_fact_sheet.pdf
https://www.asge.org/docs/default-source/education/practice_guidelines/doc-5c7150fd-910a-4181-89bf-bc697b369103.pdf?sfvrsn=6
http://hps.org/hpspublications/articles/pregnancyandradiationexposureinfosheet.html
Data Science
and
Big Data Analytics
Chapter 12: The Endgame, or Putting It All Together
1
Chapter Contents
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Developing core material for multiple audiences, project goals, main findings, approach, model description, key points supported with data, model details, recommendations, tips on final presentation, providing technical specifications and code
12.3 Data Visualization Basics
Key points supported with data, evolution of a graph, common representation methods, how to clean up a graphic, additional considerations
Summary
2
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
3
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
Deliverables and Stakeholders
4
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
Deliverables
General Deliverables – from Textbook
Presentation for Project Sponsors
Presentation for Analysts
Code
Technical Specifications
Deliverables For This Course
Presentation for Analysts – half hour per team, next week
Technical Paper for Research Day Conference
Submit CD – Presentation, Paper, Data or URL, Code
5
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Case Study – Fictional Bank Churn Prediction
This section describes a scenario of a fictional bank and a churn prediction model of its customers
The analytic plan contains components that can be used as inputs for writing the final presentations
scope
underlying assumptions
modeling techniques
initial hypotheses
and key findings
6
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Case Study – Fictional Bank Churn Prediction
7
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Case Study – Fictional Bank Analytics Plan
8
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
12.2.1 Developing Core Material for Multiple Audiences
Some project components have dual use
Create core materials used for both analyst and business audiences
Three areas on the next slide used for both audiences
Sections after the following overview slide
12.2.2 – Project Goals
12.2.3 – Key Findings
12.2.4 – Approach
12.2.5 – Model Description
12.2.6 – Key Points Supported by Data
12.2.7 – Model Details
12.2.8 – Recommendations
12.2.9 – Additional Tips on the Final Presentation
12.2.10 – Providing Technical Specifications and Code
9
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
12.2.1 Developing Core Material for Multiple Audiences
10
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
12.2.2 Project Goals
The project goals portion of the final presentation is generally the same for sponsors and analysts
The project goals are described first to lay the groundwork for the solution and recommendations
Generally, the goals are agreed on earl ...
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/overview
-------------- Context ----------------
Vietnam’s development over the past 30 years has been remarkable. Economic and political reforms under Đổi Mới, launched in 1986, have spurred rapid economic growth, transforming what was then one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country. Between 2002 and 2018, more than 45 million people were lifted out of poverty. Poverty rates declined sharply from over 70% to below 6% (US$3.2/day PPP), and GDP per capita increased by 2.5 times, standing over US$2,500 in 2018.
In the medium-term, Vietnam’s economic outlook is positive, despite signs of cyclical moderation in growth. After peaking at 7.1% in 2018, real GDP growth in 2019 is projected to slightly decelerate in 2019, led by weaker external demand and continued tightening of credit and fiscal policies. Real GDP growth is projected to remain robust at around 6.5% in 2020 and 2021. Annual headline inflation has been stable for the seven consecutive years – at single digits, trending towards 4% and below in recent years. The external balance remains under control and should continue to be financed by strong FDI inflows which reached almost US$18 billion in 2018 – accounting for almost 24% of total investment in the economy.
Vietnam is experiencing rapid demographic and social change. Its population reached 97 million in 2018 (up from about 60 million in 1986) and is expected to expand to 120 million before moderating around 2050. Today, 70% of the population is under 35 years of age, with a life expectancy of 76 years, the highest among countries in the region at similar income levels. But the population is rapidly aging. And an emerging middle class, currently accounting for 13% of the population, is expected to reach 26% by 2026.
Vietnam ranks 48 out of 157 countries on the human capital index (HCI), second in ASEAN behind Singapore. A Vietnamese child born today will be 67% as productive when she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education and full health. Vietnam’s HCI is highest among middle-income countries, but there are some disparities within the country, especially for ethnic minorities. There would also be a need to upgrade the skill of the workforce to create productive jobs at a large scale in the future.
Over the last thirty years, the provision of basic services has significantly improved. Access of households to modern infrastructure services has increased dramatically. As of 2016, 99% of the population used electricity as their main source of lighting, up from 14 % in 1993. Access to clean water in rural areas has also improved, up from 17% in 1993 to 70% in 2016, while that figure for urban areas is above 95%.
Vietnam performs well on general education. Coverage and learning outcomes are high and equitably achieved in primary schools — evidenced by remarkably high scores in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012 and 2015, ...
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Chamberlain College of NursingNR-283 PathophysiologySession.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR-283: Pathophysiology
Session,
NOTE: This is a template and guide. Delete all highlighted materials.
The paper template, including the reference page, title page, headers, and page numbers, are already formatted for you.
Running head: 1
2
The title here must match the title on your title page. Your introduction follows the title of your paper (note that the title is not bolded). Note also that there is no heading that says Introduction. The paragraph or two that follows the title on the first page of your text is assumed to be your introduction. You should start your introduction with a powerful statement or two to stimulate interest. You should identify that the purpose of your paper is to explain the pathophysiological processes of a selected health condition, predict clinical manifestations and complications of the health condition, and correlate lifestyle, environmental, and other influences that will occur in your patient due to a change in their level of wellness. (See the “Purpose” and “Course Outcomes: in your guidelines.) Remember that formal papers are in third person, so no you, I, me, or we until you make a recommendation about your article. In this introduction, you should introduce the disease process that you are writing about in a paragraph of at least 200 words. You should include a description of the disease and the epidemiology of the disease. Epidemiology includes the overall incidence (who gets it) and distribution (where is it seen most often) of your chosen disease topic. An APA formatted citation for where you have found your information should be included. (e.g., “The literature review by Hubert and VanMeter (2018) . . . .” or “Hubert and VanMeter (2018) described posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in nurses, specifically psychiatric nurses, as occurring most frequently.) [Do not quote more than one or two short passages (just several words) if any. Summarize—do not paraphrase or change words in the original (that’s called paraphrasing plagiarism)]. [1-2 well developed paragraphs here should be your minimum here.]
Etiology
This section should include common causes of the disease or condition. Next, discuss the risk factors for the disease or condition. Next, discuss how age, gender, or race might affect your disease or condition. Next discuss how the environment might contribute to your disease or condition. Finally discuss how lifestyle choices might contribute to or reduce your disease or condition. Be sure to properly cite your sources. Summarize information only. (Do not copy it word for word to avoid plagiarism.) {You might say something like this: Hubert and VanMeter (2013) described pain as a subjective symptom in patients. Phantom pain was specifically identified as “pain that is perceived by the person as occurring in the lost limb and usually does not respond to usual pain therapies.” (Hubert and VanMeter 2013, p. 57). [This is about as much as you should ...
1
6
Nutrition
Name
Institutional affiliation
Professor
Course
Date
Introduction
An individual’s nutritional status mainly results from various factors interacting at different levels (Shirakabe et al., 2018). Nevertheless, an individual’s eating pattern is an essential factor that dictates disease occurrence, particularly some chronic conditions like hypertension, cancer, stroke, heart disease, and diabetes. Again, adverse outcomes, including malnutrition, poor life quality, low birth weight, mortality, and disability, are relative to poor eating patterns. Therefore, recognizing diet’s role at the onset of disease and evaluating the nutritional status of a community, family, and individual are essential public health. In this case, nutritional assessment help to obtain information concerning the geographical distribution and prevalence of nutritional disorders in a community or a specific population group. The assessment also aids in planning corrective measures and examining the effectiveness of applied strategies simultaneously.
Article Search
Identifying recently published articles that support present nutritional status evaluation is necessary to locate essential evidence for the topic. Hence, it was imperative to determine scholarly academic sources whose publications range within the past five years to facilitate up-to-date information that applies to the paper’s focus. In this case, I used search terms “Malnutrition,” “Mini Nutritional Assessment,” and “Diets” in the NCBI and PubMed search databases. Here, I located the articles “Assessing and Evaluating Nutritional Status, Diets, and Physical Activity” and “Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Elderly Patients Presenting to the Family Health Center” using this technique to find information that supports nutritional status assessment.
Article Findings
The findings in the articles emphasize the significance of implementing nutritional status assessments to maintain individuals’ health status. Cross-sectional research took place at a domestic health center in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 102 patients in FHC without severe dementia, communication problems, or psychiatric conditions (Nazan & Buket, 2018). Participants completed an MNA questionnaire regarding daily meal numbers, feeding mode, fluid and protein consumption, anthropometric measurements, and patients’ self-view concerning health and nutritional status. In the study, 31% of the participants had malnutrition risk, while 13% were malnourished. The findings showed that malnutrition prevalence was higher in males, and malnutrition risk increases with age in any geriatric population. Again, patients with malnutrition portrayed severe appetite loss. Generally, the study shows that the malnutrition rate increase rapidly in parallel with the global elderly growth. Hence, the article addresses the topic because the application of nutritional screening examinations for the elderly people would facilitate health me ...
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docxjuliennehar
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introduction. My topic is on women and obesity. What causes women to become obese? My four psychological domains that I am using for this integrative literature review are Domain- 1: Biological (includes neuroscience, consciousness, and sensation), Domain 3: Development (includes learning and conditioning, lifespan development, and language), Domain 4: Social and Personality (includes the study of personality, emotion, motivation, gender, and culture) and Domain 5: Mental and Physical Health (includes abnormal psychology, therapy, and health psychology) If you could please do the Discussion which includes the analysis, critique, synthesis and conclusion.
These are the instructions:
Integrative Literature Review
The primary goal of this literature review is to integrate concepts from four different content domains within the larger field of psychology. The four content domains should be chosen from previous coursework in this program. In this paper, students will review the findings in the individual empirical articles, organize the research in a meaningful way, evaluate the reliability, validity, and generalizability of the research findings, and present an integrated synthesis of the research that sheds new light on the topics within and across the four domains.
The result of a successful integrative literature review may be a significant contribution to a particular body of knowledge and, consequently, to research and practice. Therefore, before writing this literature review, substantive new research must be conducted via the Internet and within the Ashford University Library for each of the four chosen domains. A minimum of six sources must be included for each of the four domains. Although content from literature reviews completed in prior courses within this program may be included, it may not constitute the total research for the individual domains addressed within this assignment. No more than four sources from previous literature reviews completed in this program may be utilized for this integrative review.
The headings listed below must be used within the paper to delineate the sections of content. These sections include the following: a clear introduction that provides a general review and organizes the research in a meaningful way; a discussion in which the evidence is presented through analysis, critique, and synthesis; and a conclusion in which the discussion is drawn together in a meaningful way, the claims of the introduction are brought to a logical closure, and new research is proposed.
Introduction
· Provide a conceptual (theoretical, abstract, summary) framework (background) for the review.
· Describe how the review will be organized. The questions below may be used to guide this section.
· What are the guiding (leading) theories (idea) within the domains (area, field)?
· How are the domains (area, field) connected?
· Are there competing points of view across th ...
Question 1Does a fair tax exist Is a progressive tax better tha.docxmakdul
Question 1
Does a fair tax exist? Is a progressive tax better than a proportional tax? These are difficult questions since taxes affect people in different household situations in different ways. Three criteria used in assessing the fairness of taxes are benefits received, ability to pay, and the payment burden.
Benefits Received
· The fairness criterion states that people should pay taxes in proportion to the benefits they receive from the government.
· An example is the use of gasoline taxes and driver’s license fees for road construction and repairs.
· Equitable as the benefits-received criterion may seem, it is very difficult to implement.
Ability to Pay
· A commonly accepted criterion of tax fairness is that individuals with different amounts of wealth or income should pay different amounts of taxes.
· Supporters of ability to pay usually argue that high tax bills hurt the rich less than the poor. This argument is the basis for the progressive tax, in which tax rates increase as the level of taxable income increases. The federal income tax is a progressive tax.
· In a proportional tax, or flat tax, a constant tax rate is applied to all levels of the tax base. Many state and local income taxes are examples of proportional taxes.
· Some proportional taxes may seem fair, but in fact they penalize people in low income groups. For example, when all individuals are charged sales tax on food, low income people who use a larger portion of their incomes for necessities, pay a greater percentage of their total income for sales tax than people with higher incomes pay. A regressive tax of this kind involves taxes that decrease, as a portion of income, as the tax base increases and tend to place a heavier burden on the poor. For this reason, many states do not tax sales of food and medications.
Payment Burden
· Many people believe only individuals pay taxes. Although businesses pay property and income taxes, some observers contend that these taxes are passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices.
· We pay many indirect taxes of this kind. In addition to those just mentioned, a portion of building owners’ real estate taxes are paid by tenants as part of their rent.
· In contrast, direct taxes cannot be passed on to someone else. Property taxes paid by homeowners and income taxes paid by individuals are examples of direct taxes.
Does a fair tax exist? Would you rather pay a tax directly or indirectly? Is a progressive tax better than a proportional tax? What is your opinion?
Question 2
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of installing a defined benefit pension plan.
Question 3
Discuss the implications of using life insurance to fund a qualified plan relative to the incidental death benefit test.
Question 4
Discuss the types of pension and welfare plans that are exempt from ERISA regulations.
Question 5
Discuss situation in which an employer might want to implement an age-weighted plan.
Question 6
Discuss the similarities and dif ...
Similar to How To Critique A Journal Article Sponsored by The Center .docx (7)
httpswww.azed.govoelaselpsUse this to see the English Lang.docxpooleavelina
https://www.azed.gov/oelas/elps/
Use this to see the English Language Proficiency Standards of Arizona-Pick a grade level
https://cms.azed.gov/home/GetDocumentFile?id=54de1d88aadebe14a87070f0
http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/introduction/how-to-read-the-standards/
how to read standards
Week 04
Acquisition and Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/nbn-customers-face-higher-prices-or-poorer-internet-connection-audit-warns-20190813-p52go7.html
Customer Relationship Management?
CRM is the process of carefully managing detailed information about individual
customers and all customer touch points to maximize customer loyalty.
Now closely associated with data warehousing and mining
Relationship
Relationship
Identifying good customers: RFM Model
Recency
Frequency
Monetary Value
Time/purchase occasions since the last purchase
Number of purchase occasions since first purchase
Amount spent since the first purchase
R
F
M
Total RFM Score: R Score + F score + M Score
CASE: Database for BookBinders Book Club
Predict response to a mailing for the book, Art History of Florence, based on the
following variables accumulated in the database and the responses to a test mailing:
Gender
Amount purchased
Months since first purchase
Months since last purchase
Frequency of purchase
Past purchases of art books
Past purchases of children’s books
Past purchases of cook books
Past purchases of DIY books
Past purchases of youth books
Recency
Frequency
Monetary
Example: RFM Model Scoring Criteria
R
Months from last
purchase
13-max 10-12 7-9 3-6 0-2
Score 5pts 10 15 20 25
F
Frequency > 30 21-30 16-20 11-15 0-10
Score 25pts 20 15 10 5
M
Amount
purchased
> 400 301-400 201-300 101- 200 100
Score 50 45 30 15 10
Implement using Nested If statements in Excel
Decile Classification
• Standard Assessment Method
• Apply the results of approach and
calculate the “score” of each individual
• Order the customers based on “score”
from the highest to the lowest
• Divide into deciles
• Calculate profits per deciles
Customer 1 Score 1.00
Customer 2 Score 0.99
….
Customer 230 Score 0.92
Customer 2300 Score 0.00
Decile1
Decile10
…
..
…
..
Output for Bookbinders club
Decile Score RFM No. of Mailings Cost of mailing RFM Units sold RFM Profit
10 17.6% 5000 $3,250 783 $4,733
20 34.8% 10000 $6,500 1,543 $9,243
30 46.1% 15000 $9,750 2,043 $11,093
40 53.4% 20000 $13,000 2,370 $11,170
50 65.2% 25000 $16,250 2,891 $13,241
60 77.9% 30000 $19,500 3,457 $15,757
70 83.3% 35000 $22,750 3,696 $14,946
80 91.7% 40000 $26,000 4,065 $15,465
90 97.5% 45000 $29,250 4,326 $14,876
100 100.0% 50000 $32,500 4,435 $12,735
Note: Market Potential = 4435 units and margin = $10.20
Leaky bucket
New customer
acquisition
Purchase increase by
current customers
Purchase decrease by
current customers
Lost customers
Lost customers
Credit Card Rewards Program ...
httpfmx.sagepub.comField Methods DOI 10.117715258.docxpooleavelina
http://fmx.sagepub.com
Field Methods
DOI: 10.1177/1525822X04269550
2005; 17; 30 Field Methods
Don A. Dillman and Leah Melani Christian
Survey Mode as a Source of Instability in Responses across Surveys
http://fmx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/1/30
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10.1177/1525822X04269550FIELD METHODSDillman, Christian / SURVEY MODE AS SOURCE OF INSTABILITY
Survey Mode as a Source of Instability
in Responses across Surveys
DON A. DILLMAN
LEAH MELANI CHRISTIAN
Washington State University
Changes in survey mode for conducting panel surveys may contribute significantly to
survey error. This article explores the causes and consequences of such changes in
survey mode. The authors describe how and why the choice of survey mode often
causes changes to be made to the wording of questions, as well as the reasons that
identically worded questions often produce different answers when administered
through different modes. The authors provide evidence that answers may change as a
result of different visual layouts for otherwise identical questions and suggest ways
to keep measurement the same despite changes in survey mode.
Keywords: survey mode; questionnaire; panel survey; measurement; survey error
Most panel studies require measurement of the same variables at different
times. Often, participants are asked questions, several days, weeks, months,
or years apart to measure change in some characteristics of interest to the
investigation. These characteristics might include political attitudes, satis-
faction with a health care provider, frequency of a behavior, ownership of
financial resources, or level of educational attainment. Whatever the charac-
teristic of interest, it is important that the question used to ascertain it perform
the same across multiple data collections.
In addition, declining survey response rates, particularly for telephone
surveys, have encouraged researchers to use multiple modes of data collec-
tion during the administration of a single cross-sectional survey. Encouraged
by the availability of more survey modes than in the past and evidence that a
change in modes produces higher response rates (Dillman 2002), surveyors
This is a revision of a paper presented at t ...
https://iexaminer.org/fake-news-personal-responsibility-must-trump-intellectual-laziness/
Fake news: Personal responsibility must trump intellectual laziness
By Matt Chan January 4, 2017
Where do you get your news? That question has become incredibly important given the results of our Presidential Election. How many times have you heard, “I read a news story on Facebook and …” The problem: Facebook is not a news service; it’s a “social media” site whose purpose is to connect like-minded friends and family, to provide you with social connections, and online entertainment.
For Asian Americans social media provides an important and useful way of connecting socially and in some cases politically, but there is a downside. The downside is how social media actually works. These sites employ elaborate algorithms to track and analyze your posts, likes, and dislikes to provide you with a custom experience unique to you. The truth is you are being marketed to, not informed. What looks like news, is not really news, it’s personal validation. All in an attempt to keep you on the site longer, to click a few more things, to make you feel good about what you’re reading. It makes it seem like most people agree with you because you’re only fed information and stories that validate your worldview.
On the other hand, real news is hard work. Its fact-based information presented by people who have checked, researched, and documented what they are presenting as the truth. Real news can be verified.
“Fake News” is, well, fake, often times entirely made-up or containing a hint of truth. Social media was largely responsible for pushing “fake news” stories that were entirely made up to drive clicks on websites. These clicks in turn generated money for the people promoting the stories. The more outrageous the story, the more clicks, the more revenue. When you factor in the algorithms that feed you what you like, you can clearly see the more “fake news” you consume on social media, the more is pushed your way. There’s an abundance of pseudo news sites that merely re-post and curate existing stories, adding their bias to validate their audience’s beliefs, no matter how crazy or mainstream. It is curated solely for you. Now factor in that nearly 44% of Americans obtain some or most of their news from social media and you have a very toxic mix.
The mainstream news media has also fallen into this validation trap. You have one news network that solely reflects the right wing, others that take the view of the left-center leaning, and what is lost are the facts and context, the balance we need to evaluate, learn, and understand the world. People seeking fact-based journalism lose, because the more extreme the media becomes to entice consumers with provocative headlines and click-bait to earn more money, the less their news is fact-based and becomes more opinion driven.
There was a time when fact-based reporting was required of broadcast news. It was called “The Fairness Doctrin ...
http1500cms.comBECAUSE THIS FORM IS USED BY VARIOUS .docxpooleavelina
http://1500cms.com/
BECAUSE THIS FORM IS USED BY VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE HEALTH PROGRAMS, SEE SEPARATE INSTRUCTIONS ISSUED BY
APPLICABLE PROGRAMS.
NOTICE: Any person who knowingly files a statement of claim containing any misrepresentation or any false, incomplete or misleading information may
be guilty of a criminal act punishable under law and may be subject to civil penalties.
REFERS TO GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS ONLY
MEDICARE AND CHAMPUS PAYMENTS: A patient’s signature requests that payment be made and authorizes release of any information necessary to process
the claim and certifies that the information provided in Blocks 1 through 12 is true, accurate and complete. In the case of a Medicare claim, the patient’s signature
authorizes any entity to release to Medicare medical and nonmedical information, including employment status, and whether the person has employer group health
insurance, liability, no-fault, worker’s compensation or other insurance which is responsible to pay for the services for which the Medicare claim is made. See 42
CFR 411.24(a). If item 9 is completed, the patient’s signature authorizes release of the information to the health plan or agency shown. In Medicare assigned or
CHAMPUS participation cases, the physician agrees to accept the charge determination of the Medicare carrier or CHAMPUS fiscal intermediary as the full charge,
and the patient is responsible only for the deductible, coinsurance and noncovered services. Coinsurance and the deductible are based upon the charge
determination of the Medicare carrier or CHAMPUS fiscal intermediary if this is less than the charge submitted. CHAMPUS is not a health insurance program but
makes payment for health benefits provided through certain affiliations with the Uniformed Services. Information on the patient’s sponsor should be provided in those
items captioned in “Insured”; i.e., items 1a, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 11.
BLACK LUNG AND FECA CLAIMS
The provider agrees to accept the amount paid by the Government as payment in full. See Black Lung and FECA instructions regarding required procedure and
diagnosis coding systems.
SIGNATURE OF PHYSICIAN OR SUPPLIER (MEDICARE, CHAMPUS, FECA AND BLACK LUNG)
I certify that the services shown on this form were medically indicated and necessary for the health of the patient and were personally furnished by me or were furnished
incident to my professional service by my employee under my immediate personal supervision, except as otherwise expressly permitted by Medicare or CHAMPUS
regulations.
For services to be considered as “incident” to a physician’s professional service, 1) they must be rendered under the physician’s immediate personal supervision
by his/her employee, 2) they must be an integral, although incidental part of a covered physician’s service, 3) they must be of kinds commonly furnished in physician’s
offices, and 4) the services of nonphysicians must be included on the physician’s bills.
For CHA ...
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323444.php
https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/JCO.2008.16.0333
https://journals.lww.com/co-hematology/Abstract/2007/03000/Influence_of_new_molecular_prognostic_markers_in.5.aspx
Influence of new molecular prognostic markers in patients with karyotypically normal acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances
Mrózek, Krzysztofa; Döhner, Hartmutb; Bloomfield, Clara Da
Current Opinion in Hematology: March 2007 - Volume 14 - Issue 2 - p 106–114
doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32801684c7
Myeloid disease
Purpose of review Molecular study of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia is among the most active areas of leukemia research. Despite having the same normal karyotype, adults with de-novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia who constitute the largest cytogenetic group of acute myeloid leukemia, are very diverse with respect to acquired gene mutations and gene expression changes. These genetic alterations affect clinical outcome and may assist in selection of proper treatment. Herein we critically summarize recent clinically relevant molecular genetic studies of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia.
Recent findings NPM1 gene mutations causing aberrant cytoplasmic localization of nucleophosmin have been demonstrated to be the most frequent submicroscopic alterations in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia and to confer improved prognosis, especially in patients without a concomitant FLT3 gene internal tandem duplication. Overexpressed BAALC, ERG and MN1 genes and expression of breast cancer resistance protein have been shown to confer poor prognosis. A gene-expression signature previously suggested to separate cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia patients into prognostic subgroups has been validated on a different microarray platform, although gene-expression signature-based classifiers predicting outcome for individual patients with greater accuracy are still needed.
Summary The discovery of new prognostic markers has increased our understanding of leukemogenesis and may lead to improved prognostication and generation of novel risk-adapted therapies.
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/127/1/53?sso-checked=true
An update of current treatments for adult acute myeloid leukemia
Hervé Dombret and Claude Gardin
Abstract
Recent advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) biology and its genetic landscape should ultimately lead to more subset-specific AML therapies, ideally tailored to each patient's disease. Although a growing number of distinct AML subsets have been increasingly characterized, patient management has remained disappointingly uniform. If one excludes acute promyelocytic leukemia, current AML management still relies largely on intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), at least in younger patients who can tolerate such intensive treatments. Nevertheless, progress has been made, notably in terms of standard drug dose in ...
httpstheater.nytimes.com mem theater treview.htmlres=9902e6.docxpooleavelina
https://theater.nytimes.com/ mem/ theater/ treview.html?res=9902e6db1639f931a25753c1a962948260
THEATER: WILSON'S 'MA RAINEY'S' OPENS
By FRANK RICH
Published: October 12, 1984, Friday
LATE in Act I of ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom,'' a somber, aging band trombonist (Joe Seneca) tilts his head heavenward to sing the blues. The setting is a dilapidated Chicago recording studio of 1927, and the song sounds as old as time. ''If I had my way,'' goes the lyric, ''I would tear this old building down.''
Once the play has ended, that lyric has almost become a prophecy. In ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom,'' the writer August Wilson sends the entire history of black America crashing down upon our heads. This play is a searing inside account of what white racism does to its victims - and it floats on the same authentic artistry as the blues music it celebrates. Harrowing as ''Ma Rainey's'' can be, it is also funny, salty, carnal and lyrical. Like his real-life heroine, the legendary singer Gertrude (Ma) Rainey, Mr. Wilson articulates a legacy of unspeakable agony and rage in a spellbinding voice.
The play is Mr. Wilson's first to arrive in New York, and it reached here, via the Yale Repertory Theater, under the sensitive hand of the man who was born to direct it, Lloyd Richards. On Broadway, Mr. Richards has honed ''Ma Rainey's'' to its finest form. What's more, the director brings us an exciting young actor - Charles S. Dutton - along with his extraordinary dramatist. One wonders if the electricity at the Cort is the same that audiences felt when Mr. Richards, Lorraine Hansberry and Sidney Poitier stormed into Broadway with ''A Raisin in the Sun'' a quarter-century ago.
As ''Ma Rainey's'' shares its director and Chicago setting with ''Raisin,'' so it builds on Hansberry's themes: Mr. Wilson's characters want to make it in white America. And, to a degree, they have. Ma Rainey (1886-1939) was among the first black singers to get a recording contract - albeit with a white company's ''race'' division. Mr. Wilson gives us Ma (Theresa Merritt) at the height of her fame. A mountain of glitter and feathers, she has become a despotic, temperamental star, complete with a retinue of flunkies, a fancy car and a kept young lesbian lover.
The evening's framework is a Paramount-label recording session that actually happened, but whose details and supporting players have been invented by the author. As the action swings between the studio and the band's warm-up room - designed by Charles Henry McClennahan as if they might be the festering last- chance saloon of ''The Iceman Cometh'' - Ma and her four accompanying musicians overcome various mishaps to record ''Ma Rainey's Black Bottom'' and other songs. During the delays, the band members smoke reefers, joke around and reminisce about past gigs on a well-traveled road stretching through whorehouses and church socials from New Orleans to Fat Back, Ark.
The musicians' speeches are like improvised band solos - variously fiz ...
https://fitsmallbusiness.com/employee-compensation-plan/
The puzzle of motivation | Dan Pink [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrkrvAUbU9Y
Refining the total rewards package through employee input at MillerCoors [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I7nv0B4_NU&feature=youtu.be
How to design an employee compensation plan [SlideShare slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/FitSmallBusiness/how-to-design-a-compensation-plan-dave?ref=http://fitsmallbusiness.com/how-to-pay-employees/
Compensation strategies [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/U2wjvBigs7w
· Expectations for Power Point Presentations in Units IV and V
I would like to provide information about what needs to be included in presentations. Please review the rubric prior to submitting any assignment. If you don't know where to find this, please contact me.
1. You need a title slide.
2. You need an overview of the presentation slide (slide after the title slide). This is how you would organize a presentation if you were presenting it at work.
3. You need a summary slide (before the reference slide); same reason as above.
4. Please do not forget to cite on slides where you are writing about something related to what you have read. Please consider each slide a paragraph. You can cite on the slides or in the notes. If you do not cite, you will not get credit for the slide.
- Direct quotes should not be used in this presentation as they are not analysis.
5. Remember, all I can evaluate is what you submit, so please consider using notes to explain what you are writing in further detail. Bullets are great and you can use these but then provide more detail in the notes.
6. Graphics - Please include graphics/charts/graphs as this is evaluated in the rubric (quality of the presentation).
7. References - For all references, you need citations. For all citations, you need references. They must match. All must be formatted using APA requirements. Please review the Quick Reference Guide that was posted in the announcements.
Please never hesitate to email me with any questions. If you need further clarification about feedback or if you do not agree with any of the feedback, please contact me. My door is always open.
Assignment 1
Positioning Statement and Motto
Use the provided information, as well as your own research, to assess one (1) of the stated brands (Tesla, SmoothieKing, Suave, or Nintendo) by completing the questions below with an ORIGINAL response to each. At the end of the worksheet, be sure to develop a new ORIGINAL positioning statement and motto for the brand you selected. Submit the completed template in the Week 4 assignment submission link.
Name:
Professor’s Name:
Course Title:
Date:
Company/Brand Selected (Tesla, SmoothieKing, Suave or Nintendo):
1. Target Customers/Users
Who are the target customers for the company/brand? Make sure you tell why you selected each item that you did. (NOTE: DO NO ...
http://hps.org/documents/pregnancy_fact_sheet.pdf
https://www.asge.org/docs/default-source/education/practice_guidelines/doc-5c7150fd-910a-4181-89bf-bc697b369103.pdf?sfvrsn=6
http://hps.org/hpspublications/articles/pregnancyandradiationexposureinfosheet.html
Data Science
and
Big Data Analytics
Chapter 12: The Endgame, or Putting It All Together
1
Chapter Contents
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Developing core material for multiple audiences, project goals, main findings, approach, model description, key points supported with data, model details, recommendations, tips on final presentation, providing technical specifications and code
12.3 Data Visualization Basics
Key points supported with data, evolution of a graph, common representation methods, how to clean up a graphic, additional considerations
Summary
2
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
3
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
Deliverables and Stakeholders
4
12.1 Communicating and Operationalizing an Analytics Project
Deliverables
General Deliverables – from Textbook
Presentation for Project Sponsors
Presentation for Analysts
Code
Technical Specifications
Deliverables For This Course
Presentation for Analysts – half hour per team, next week
Technical Paper for Research Day Conference
Submit CD – Presentation, Paper, Data or URL, Code
5
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Case Study – Fictional Bank Churn Prediction
This section describes a scenario of a fictional bank and a churn prediction model of its customers
The analytic plan contains components that can be used as inputs for writing the final presentations
scope
underlying assumptions
modeling techniques
initial hypotheses
and key findings
6
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Case Study – Fictional Bank Churn Prediction
7
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
Case Study – Fictional Bank Analytics Plan
8
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
12.2.1 Developing Core Material for Multiple Audiences
Some project components have dual use
Create core materials used for both analyst and business audiences
Three areas on the next slide used for both audiences
Sections after the following overview slide
12.2.2 – Project Goals
12.2.3 – Key Findings
12.2.4 – Approach
12.2.5 – Model Description
12.2.6 – Key Points Supported by Data
12.2.7 – Model Details
12.2.8 – Recommendations
12.2.9 – Additional Tips on the Final Presentation
12.2.10 – Providing Technical Specifications and Code
9
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
12.2.1 Developing Core Material for Multiple Audiences
10
12.2 Creating the Final Deliverables
12.2.2 Project Goals
The project goals portion of the final presentation is generally the same for sponsors and analysts
The project goals are described first to lay the groundwork for the solution and recommendations
Generally, the goals are agreed on earl ...
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/overview
-------------- Context ----------------
Vietnam’s development over the past 30 years has been remarkable. Economic and political reforms under Đổi Mới, launched in 1986, have spurred rapid economic growth, transforming what was then one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country. Between 2002 and 2018, more than 45 million people were lifted out of poverty. Poverty rates declined sharply from over 70% to below 6% (US$3.2/day PPP), and GDP per capita increased by 2.5 times, standing over US$2,500 in 2018.
In the medium-term, Vietnam’s economic outlook is positive, despite signs of cyclical moderation in growth. After peaking at 7.1% in 2018, real GDP growth in 2019 is projected to slightly decelerate in 2019, led by weaker external demand and continued tightening of credit and fiscal policies. Real GDP growth is projected to remain robust at around 6.5% in 2020 and 2021. Annual headline inflation has been stable for the seven consecutive years – at single digits, trending towards 4% and below in recent years. The external balance remains under control and should continue to be financed by strong FDI inflows which reached almost US$18 billion in 2018 – accounting for almost 24% of total investment in the economy.
Vietnam is experiencing rapid demographic and social change. Its population reached 97 million in 2018 (up from about 60 million in 1986) and is expected to expand to 120 million before moderating around 2050. Today, 70% of the population is under 35 years of age, with a life expectancy of 76 years, the highest among countries in the region at similar income levels. But the population is rapidly aging. And an emerging middle class, currently accounting for 13% of the population, is expected to reach 26% by 2026.
Vietnam ranks 48 out of 157 countries on the human capital index (HCI), second in ASEAN behind Singapore. A Vietnamese child born today will be 67% as productive when she grows up as she could be if she enjoyed complete education and full health. Vietnam’s HCI is highest among middle-income countries, but there are some disparities within the country, especially for ethnic minorities. There would also be a need to upgrade the skill of the workforce to create productive jobs at a large scale in the future.
Over the last thirty years, the provision of basic services has significantly improved. Access of households to modern infrastructure services has increased dramatically. As of 2016, 99% of the population used electricity as their main source of lighting, up from 14 % in 1993. Access to clean water in rural areas has also improved, up from 17% in 1993 to 70% in 2016, while that figure for urban areas is above 95%.
Vietnam performs well on general education. Coverage and learning outcomes are high and equitably achieved in primary schools — evidenced by remarkably high scores in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2012 and 2015, ...
HTML WEB Page solutionAbout.htmlQuantum PhysicsHomeServicesAbou.docxpooleavelina
HTML WEB Page solution/About.htmlQuantum PhysicsHomeServicesAboutContact Me
This website gives a detail inward look in quantam physics as it is a evolving field now-a-days and has many upcoming changes that is going to leave the world in shock. There has been a lot of confusion lately related to this topics in people so it is encourage that people visit this website and get to know more about this field and explore the horizons there is yet to come.
HTML WEB Page solution/FirstLastHomePage.htmlQuantum PhysicsHomeServicesAboutContact Me
Definition
Quantum mechanics is the part of material science identifying with the little.
It brings about what may have all the earmarks of being some extremely peculiar decisions about the physical world. At the size of particles and electrons, a significant number of the conditions of old style mechanics, which depict how things move at ordinary sizes and speeds, stop to be helpful. In traditional mechanics, objects exist in a particular spot at a particular time. Be that as it may, in quantum mechanics, protests rather exist in a fog of likelihood; they have a specific possibility of being at point An, another possibility of being at point B, etc.Three revolutionary principles
Quantum mechanics (QM) created over numerous decades, starting as a lot of questionable scientific clarifications of tests that the math of old style mechanics couldn't clarify. It started at the turn of the twentieth century, around a similar time that Albert Einstein distributed his hypothesis of relativity, a different numerical unrest in material science that portrays the movement of things at high speeds. In contrast to relativity, nonetheless, the sources of QM can't be credited to any one researcher. Or maybe, various researchers added to an establishment of three progressive rules that bit by bit picked up acknowledgment and exploratory confirmation somewhere in the range of 1900 and 1930. They are:
Quantized properties:
Certain properties, for example, position, speed and shading, can once in a while just happen in explicit, set sums, much like a dial that "clicks" from number to number. This tested a crucial presumption of old style mechanics, which said that such properties should exist on a smooth, ceaseless range. To portray the possibility that a few properties "clicked" like a dial with explicit settings, researchers begat the word "quantized".
Particles of light:
Light can now and again act as a molecule. This was at first met with unforgiving analysis, as it negated 200 years of trials indicating that light acted as a wave; much like waves on the outside of a quiet lake. Light acts comparatively in that it ricochets off dividers and twists around corners, and that the peaks and troughs of the wave can include or counteract. Included wave peaks bring about more splendid light, while waves that counterbalance produce obscurity. A light source can be thought of ...
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/online-dating-vs-offline_b_4037867
For your initial post, provide a sentence to share which article you are referring to so that you can best communicate with your peers. Include a link to your selection.
· Explain how the argument contains or avoids bias.
i. Provide specific examples to support your explanation.
ii. What assumptions does it make?
· Discuss the credibility of the overall argument.
i. Were the resources the argument was built upon credible?
ii. Does the credibility support or undermine the article’s claims in any important ways?
In response to your peers, provide an additional resource to support or refute the argument your peer makes. Do you agree with their claims of credibility? Are there any other possible bias not identified?
Response #1
Allysa Tantala posted Sep 22, 2019 10:17 PM
Subscribe
The article that I am looking at is Online Dating Vs. Offline Dating: Pros and Cons.It was written by Julie Spira, an online dating expert, bestselling author, and CEO of Cyber-Dating Expert. The name of the article is spot on in describing what it is about. The author goes through the pros and cons of dating online and offline in today’s day and age. The author avoids bias because she looks at both options in both their positive and negative attributes. She comes at the issues from both angles and I believe she does a very good job at remaining unbiased. She states that “if you're serious about meeting someone special, you must include a combination of both online and offline dating in your routine” (Spira, 2013, par. 18). She’s stating that both options have their pros and cons and that really a combination of both is needed to find someone. The only bias I could see anyone pointing out would be that she is a woman, so you do not get the male perspective on these things. That being said, I one hundred percent think she covers all of the questions people may have about online and offline dating in today’s world. The only assumption being made here is that the reader wants to be out in the dating world and they need to know what is best. But, the title of the article is pretty self-explanatory so if someone did not want to know these things, they would not have to waste their time reading it all because they could tell what it would be about by the title.
The resource that she used was herself, and like I stated above, she is an online dating expert, bestselling author, and CEO of Cyber-Dating Expert; so she is more than qualified to give her perspective on these issues. I find her to be credible and thought provoking. Her credibility supports everything the article says and makes the reader feel like they are being told the truth by someone who completely understands all of the pros and cons.
Resource:
Spira, J. (2013, December 3). Online Dating Vs. Offline Dating: Pros and Cons. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/online-dating-vs-offline_b_4037867
Response #2
Jennifer Caforio posted Se ...
https://www.vitalsource.com/products/comparative-criminal-justice-systems-harry-r-dammer-jay-s-v9781285630779
THE ASSIGNMENT IS BASED ON CHAPTER 1 (ONE)
Login : [email protected]
Password: Greekyogurt13!
1
3Defining the Problem
Rigina CochranMPA/593
August 19, 2019
Peter ReevesDefining the Problem
The health care system in Colorado is a composition of medical professionals providing services such as diagnosis, treatment, as well as preventive measures to mental illness and injuries ("Healthcare policy in Colorado - Ballotpedia," 2019). Health care policy involves the establishment and implementation of legislation and other regulations that the states use to manage its health care system effectively. Further, this sector consists of other participants, such as insurance and health information technology. The cost citizens pay for medical care and also the access to quality care influence the overall health care providers in Colorado. Therefore, the need for the creation and implementation of laws that help the state maintain efficiency in the health sector in Colorado.
Problem Statement
The declining standards of medical care within the United States has caused significant concern in the world. Due to these rising concerns, there have been various policies implemented, leading to mixed reactions among the different states. Some of the active policies implemented offer a long-term solution to this problem including Medicaid and Medicare. After acquiring state control, the Republicans dismissed the idea to expand and create medical insurance for Medicaid in Colorado. Sustaining the structure of the health care payroll calls for the deductions from the employees and the employers, which may lead to loss of jobs and increased burden of expenditure (Garcia, 2019).
Identify the Methodology
The main objective of this policy plan is to investigate the role of legislation in the management of the health care sector in the United States. Due to the need for achieving in-depth exploration, this paper uses a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection by addressing both practical and theoretical aspects of the research. Based on the answers that the policy requires, choosing survey as the research design. This method involves collecting and analyzing data from a few people who represent the principal group within health care. However, the survey method faces some challenges such as attitudes and perception of the health workers leading to the delimitation of the study. The target population for the study includes the nurses within the health sectors in Colorado. The selection of the participants involved in the use of stratified random sampling.
Identify your Stakeholders
The major stakeholders in the creation and implementation of the policy plan include the legislatures, local government, patients, and other private parties such as the insurance companies. Collectively, these bodies are involved in the makin ...
https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/learn/by-eating-disorder/arfid
AVOIDANT RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE DISORDER (ARFID)
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5, and was previously referred to as “Selective Eating Disorder.” ARFID is similar to anorexia in that both disorders involve limitations in the amount and/or types of food consumed, but unlike anorexia, ARFID does not involve any distress about body shape or size, or fears of fatness.
Although many children go through phases of picky or selective eating, a person with ARFID does not consume enough calories to grow and develop properly and, in adults, to maintain basic body function. In children, this results in stalled weight gain and vertical growth; in adults, this results in weight loss. ARFID can also result in problems at school or work, due to difficulties eating with others and extended times needed to eat.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
According to the DSM-5, ARFID is diagnosed when:
· An eating or feeding disturbance (e.g., apparent lack of interest in eating or food; avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of food; concern about aversive consequences of eating) as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs associated with one (or more) of the following:
· Significant weight loss (or failure to achieve expected weight gain or faltering growth in children).
· Significant nutritional deficiency.
· Dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements.
· Marked interference with psychosocial functioning.
· The disturbance is not better explained by lack of available food or by an associated culturally sanctioned practice.
· The eating disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and there is no evidence of a disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced.
· The eating disturbance is not attributable to a concurrent medical condition or not better explained by another mental disorder. When the eating disturbance occurs in the context of another condition or disorder, the severity of the eating disturbance exceeds that routinely associated with the condition or disorder and warrants additional clinical attention.
RISK FACTORS
As with all eating disorders, the risk factors for ARFID involve a range of biological, psychological, and sociocultural issues. These factors may interact differently in different people, which means two people with the same eating disorder can have very diverse perspectives, experiences, and symptoms. Researchers know much less about what puts someone at risk of developing ARFID, but here’s what they do know:
· People with autism spectrum conditions are much more likely to develop ARFID, as are those with ADHD and intellectual disabilities.
· Children who don’t outgrow normal picky eating, or in whom picky eating is severe, appear to be more likely to develop ARFID.
· Many children with ARFID ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=59&v=Bh_oEYX1zNM&feature=emb_logo
BA 325 Pivot Table Assignment Answer Sheet
Name:
Before you do anything fill out your name on the assignment and save your file as BA325 Firstname Lastname (use your actual name).
The table has all of the questions from the DuPont Assignment. Fill in your answers to the questions in the corresponding cell in the Answer column. Below the table there is a spot for the Screen Clippings from both the Practice Assignment, and the DuPont Assignment.
After you have filled out all of the answers and Screen Clippings submit the file to the Assignments folder in D2L.
Q Number
Question
Answer
Q1
How much was American Airlines’ Net Revenues in 2013?
Q2
What was the Return on Equity for Apple in 2015?
Q3
Which company had the highest Net Income and in which year? What was the value?
Q4
Which company had the lowest Net Income and in which year? What was the value?
Q5
How many unique companies in your sample had Net Losses exceeding one billion dollars? Which companies, and what years?
Q6
What was the Sum of the Net Income for all companies in the sample for 2015?
Q7
Which company had the highest total Net Income over the three year period? What was the value?
Q8
Which company had the lowest total Net Income over the three year period? What was the value?
Q9
Which industry had the highest Average Profit Margin over the three year period? What was the value?
Q10
In which year was the Average Profit Margin the highest for the entire sample? What was the value?
Q11
For how many companies do you have Profit Margin ratio data in 2013?
Q12
For what Industry do you have the most Profit Margin ratio data in the sample? What was the value? For that Industry what year was the highest? What was the value?
Q13
Which Industry has the highest Average Asset Turnover over the three year period? What was the value?
Q14
Which of the remaining Industries has the highest Asset Turnover in 2014? What was the value?
Q15
Which Industry has the highest Average Financial Leverage over the three year period? What was the value?
Q16
Which Industry has the lowest Average Financial Leverage that does not include negative numbers in any year? What was the value?
Q17
What is the Average Financial Leverage for the Transportation Industry in 2013?
Note: The answer is odd. You will have to use Data Cleaning to resolve the issue.
Q18
Which Industry has the highest Average Return on Equity over the three year period and which company is the highest within that Industry? What are the values?
Q19
Which two companies in the Public Utilities Industry have the highest Average Return on Equity during the period? What are the values?
Q20
Which Industry had the largest decrease in Average Return on Equity between 2013 and 2014? What was the value?
Q21
Which Industry had the largest increase in Average Return on Equity between 2014 and 2015? What was the value?
Q22
Bonus Question 1: How many industrie ...
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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How To Critique A Journal Article Sponsored by The Center .docx
1. How To Critique A Journal Article
Sponsored by The Center for Teaching and Learning at UIS
Last Edited 4/9/2009 Page 1 of 2
So your assignment is to critique a journal article. This handout
will give you a few guidelines to
follow as you go. But wait, what kind of a journal article is it:
an empirical/research article, or a
review of literature? Some of the guidelines offered here will
apply to critiques of all kinds of
articles, but each type of article may provoke questions that are
especially pertinent to that type
and no other. Read on.
First of all, for any type of journal article your critique should
include some basic information:
1. Name(s) of the author(s)
2. Title of article
3. Title of journal, volume number, date, month and page
numbers
4. Statement of the problem or issue discussed
5. The author’s purpose, approach or methods, hypothesis, and
major conclusions.
The bulk of your critique, however, should consist of your
qualified opinion of the article.
Read the article you are to critique once to get an overview.
Then read it again, critically. At this
2. point you may want to make some notes to yourself on your
copy (not the library’s copy,
please).
The following are some questions you may want to address in
your critique no matter what type
of article you are critiquing. (Use your discretion. These points
don’t have to be discussed in this
order, and some may not be pertinent to your particular article.)
1. Is the title of the article appropriate and clear?
2. Is the abstract specific, representative of the article, and in
the correct form?
3. Is the purpose of the article made clear in the introduction?
4. Do you find errors of fact and interpretation? (This is a good
one! You won’t believe how
often authors misinterpret or misrepresent the work of others.
You can check on this by looking
up for yourself the references the author cites.)
5. Is all of the discussion relevant?
6. Has the author cited the pertinent, and only the pertinent,
literature? If the author has included
inconsequential references, or references that are not pertinent,
suggest deleting them.
7. Have any ideas been overemphasized or underemphasized?
Suggest specific revisions.
8. Should some sections of the manuscript be expanded,
condensed or omitted?
9. Are the author’s statements clear? Challenge ambiguous
statements. Suggest by examples how
clarity can be achieved, but do not merely substitute your style
for the author’s.
10. What underlying assumptions does the author have?
11. Has the author been objective in his or her discussion of the
topic?
In addition, here are some questions that are more specific to
3. empirical/research articles. (Again,
use your discretion.)
1. Is the objective of the experiment or of the observations
important for the field?
2. Are the experimental methods described adequately?
3. Are the study design and methods appropriate for the
purposes of the study?
4. Have the procedures been presented in enough detail to
enable a reader to duplicate them?
(Another good one! You’d be surprised at the respectable
researchers who cut corners in their
writing on this point.)
How To Critique A Journal Article
Sponsored by The Center for Teaching and Learning at UIS
Last Edited 4/9/2009 Page 2 of 2
5. Scan and spot-check calculations. Are the statistical methods
appropriate?
6. Do you find any content repeated or duplicated? A common
fault is repetition in the text of
data in tables or figures. Suggest that tabular data be interpreted
of summarized, nor merely
repeated, in the text.
A word about your style: let your presentation be well reasoned
and objective. If you
passionately disagree (or agree) with the author, let your
passion inspire you to new heights of
4. thorough research and reasoned argument.
Comparing the United States’ and China’s Shifting
Health Challenges
The United States and China
both face the question of how
to prioritize programmatic re-
sources and policy interven-
tions to make the greatest
impact on the health of their
populations.
I discuss strengths and limi-
tations of the expert panel sur-
vey used byWu et al. in “The 20
Most Important and Most Pre-
ventable Health Problems of
China: Opinions From Chinese
ExpertsUsing aModifiedDelphi
5. Process,” in this issue of AJPH.
I juxtapose this method with
several US approaches to pri-
ority setting at the federal,
state, and county levels and
suggest steps for moving from
research to action. (Am J Public
Health. 2018;108:1603–1606.
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304782)
Jonathan Fielding, MD, MPH, MBA
See also Yu, p. 1574; and also the AJPH Public Health in China
section, pp. 1592–1603.
Setting national priorities toimprove health and prevent
disease is vital. Ideally, priorities
should be driven by scientific
processes, but in reality, they tend
tobedrivenbyperception, political
realities, feasibility, and timing.
Those of us in public health feel it is
imperative to put science and data
first so that there can be broad
agreement and a common under-
standing that underlies the discus-
sion of priorities.
6. Difficulty in setting health pri-
orities is magnified when there are
rapid changes in economic, social,
and political conditions. Such is the
case in China. That nation’s ex-
plosive economic growth over the
past 40 years brought many ad-
vantages to its people, including
increased longevity and progress
in controlling some occupational
and communicable diseases.
China faces shifting health
challenges, with noncommuni-
cable diseases now accounting for
the vast majority of all deaths,
many attributable to environ-
mental degradation, global
warming, changes in health-
affecting behaviors, and aging
of the population. In addition,
emerging diseases threaten the
public’s health, and even infectious
disease notifications for common
infectious diseases have increased
despite substantial investments in
disease control and prevention.
Like many other countries,
including the United States,
China faces the question of
how to prioritize programmatic
resources and policy interventions
tomake the greatest impact on the
7. health of its 1.3 billion inhabitants.
“Prevention first” has been se-
lected as the national priority.
However, an operational plan
specifying which diseases to pre-
vent and which to control, as well
as target objectives and what in-
terventions are needed to effect
the desired improvements, has yet
to be published.
US APPROACHES TO
SIMILAR PROBLEMS
The United States confronts
issues of shifting health burdens
similar to China’s. To address
them, the United States has
worked through public or private
sponsors at three levels—federal,
state, and county—although not
always in a coordinated fashion.
Work on a major prevention-
oriented, data-driven, federal
government–coordinated de-
cennial product, Healthy People,
began in 1980. Healthy People
1990, the initial Healthy People,
had two overarching goals, 15
topic areas, and 226 objectives.
Since then, the scope and
number of objectives have in-
creased in every succeeding it-
eration, sometimes dramatically.
8. The latest report, Healthy People
2020, included 42 topic areas and
more than 1200 objectives.
One major addition in recent
reports has been an increased focus
on the social determinants of
health, including economic sta-
bility, education, neighborhood
and built environment, and social
and community context. In
planning for Healthy People 2030,
the issue of health equity has be-
come more central. For each ob-
jective or related group ofHealthy
People objectives, the Department
of Health and Human Services
coordinated a group of experts
charged with developing quanti-
fiable targets and identifying the
policies, programs, and systems
that could be employed to achieve
the objectives.
However, quantifiable targets
alone are insufficient. They need
to be coupled with interventions
that move the needle. Fortu-
nately, over the past 40 years,
increased attention and in-
vestment have accelerated de-
velopment and application of
scientific methods to assess the
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Jonathan Fielding is a Distinguished Professor of Health Policy
9. and Management in the
Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los
Angeles.
Correspondence should be sent to Jonathan Fielding, MD, MPH,
MBA, University of
California, Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health,
Center for Health Advancement, 650
Charles E. Young Dr. South, Room 61-253 CHS, Box 951772,
Los Angeles, CA 90095
(e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]). Reprints can be
ordered at http://www.
ajph.org by clicking the “Reprints” link.
This article was accepted September 15, 2018.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304782
December 2018, Vol 108, No. 12 AJPH Fielding Peer Reviewed
Commentary 1603
AJPH PUBLIC HEALTH IN CHINA
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
http://www.ajph.org
http://www.ajph.org
ability of different interventions to
improve the health of populations.
The US Preventive Services Task
Force, a federal government–sup-
ported independent volunteer
panel of experts in disease pre-
vention and evidence-based
medicine, performs systematic re-
10. views to develop clinical pre-
ventive service recommendations
for clinicians. A companion with
a similarly composed expert panel,
the Community Preventive Ser-
vices Task Force, performs parallel
analyses to select interventions to
prevent disease and improvehealth
for public and private sector or-
ganizations. The task force staff
also performs economic analyses
on recommended interventions,
adding a critical dimension to the
information available for decision-
makers. Both task forces are staffed
by federal agencies. Other well-
established nonprofit groups per-
forming systematic reviews on
potential population-oriented in-
terventions include the Cochrane
Collaboration and the Campbell
Collaboration.
Rankings have been incorpo-
rated in several data-driven
products. State health rankings,
privately funded but with the
participation of public and private
sector experts, are used to annually
rank the relative health of each
state’s population on the basis of
a wide range of then current and
trend data on behaviors, com-
munity and environment, policy,
clinical care, and outcomes. The
County Health Rankings and
11. Roadmaps, funded by the Robert
Wood Johnson Foundation and
operated by the University of
Wisconsin, are used to rate health
using more than 30 measures that
relate to two outcomemetrics and
four major determinants (clinical
care, social factors, the environ-
ment, and individual behaviors)
on a yearly basis. A major em-
phasis of this product is its action
orientation. Rankings are a
starting point for action by the
adoption of health-promoting
policies and programs. The
County Health Rankings offer
step-by-step guidance and tools
to help users move from data
to action. Other initiatives are
oriented to helping cities,
counties, or regions assess and
improve health and health
equity in their jurisdictions.
End products of these and other
projects with similar aims sup-
port the development of goals,
objectives, and recommended
evidence-based interventions.
However, expert opinion is still
required for the Healthy People
process and others with similar
goals because of the lack of baseline
data for a growing percentage of
the mushrooming objectives. For
12. the Healthy People series, small
groups of experts are convened by
topic to develop reasonable targets
to be achieved within the next
decade. Because of data limitations
and uncertainty regarding effec-
tive interventions, many groups
defaulted to a 10% improvement
target for their area. Despite likely
future improvements in surveil-
lance data, methods, and inter-
ventions, expert opinion will
continue to be a necessary input
when setting goals and objectives.
RANKING CHINA’S
HEALTH PROBLEMS
In China, the Prevention First
national priority, like the Healthy
People initiative in the United
States, needs to be translated into
discrete activities. In support of
Prevention First, a working
group from China’s Center for
Disease Control and Prevention
developed an innovative ap-
proach to add the broad-based
opinions of health experts to the
surveillance data on health and
health care. As reported in this
issue ofAJPH,Wu et al. (p. 1592)
asked experts in medicine, public
health, and medical research to
use a modified Delphi process to
13. achieve consensus in the identi-
fication and ranking of the most
important health problems and
the most preventable problems
over the next 20 years in China.
The panelists were given a list of
106 diseases and health-related
conditions so they could identify
and rank the top 20 in terms of
importance and the top 20 for
preventability. As part of the
process, panelists could add up
to five additional diseases or
health-related conditions. This
creative use of a modified Delphi
technique yielded clear priorities
for both importance and pre-
ventability of diseases and health-
related conditions for the 1.3
billion people living in the world’s
most populous nation.
One strength of this survey is
the ability to compare impor-
tance and preventability scores.
Another strength is the revealing
of differences in perceptions
among medical, public health,
and medical research experts.
Composite scores by professional
field revealed broad agreement
on some rankings (e.g., diabetes,
hypertension, and air pollution)
but strikingly different rankings
on others, such as emerging in-
fectious diseases, smoking, hep-
14. atitis, depression, and unhealthy
diet. Time engaged in practice
alsomade a big difference in some
composite rankings. Of particular
note, those with 15 to 30 years
of practice ranked liver cancer
number one (vs 12th and 8th for
older cohorts) and coronary heart
disease 11th (vs 4th and 5th).
An additional strength, which,
paradoxically, can also be con-
sidered a limitation, is that lacking
the receipt of objective infor-
mation on burden, the judgments
of the expert panelists were likely
to be significantly influenced by
their own experience and criteria
for importance. These might
include how many people they
believed to be affected; the
problems they see in their pa-
tients, population, or research;
and their perception of trends.
It appears there was no in-
formation provided to the pan-
elists on disease burden, health
behaviors, or the impact of past
interventions on the overall
population and sociodemo-
graphic segments. Moreover, the
article does not suggest that the
panelists were given information
on trends. This raises the ques-
15. tion, for example, of whether air
pollution would have received
the same importance ranking if
panelists were told that air pol-
lution is trending downward and
that the trend is expected to
continue.
Information on the surveyed
panel is limited (including only
invitation response rate, basic
demographic characteristics,
current professional field, and
time engaged in that field) and
leaves open the question: What
knowledge base did participants
bring to the rankings? Their area
of specialty or expertise is not
specified—a crucial omission
because it presumably informed
their choices. How would an
academic urologist or cell biology
researcher decide how to rank
road safety versus breast cancer or
HIV?
The minimal number of
changes in ranked items between
rounds and quick achievement
of consensus may reflect limited
familiarity of most panelists with
the wide range of disparate dis-
eases and health-related condi-
tions to be ranked. A possible
source of bias is how the initial
106 diseases and health-related
16. issues were presented to the
panelists. Were they presented
in roughly the rank order of
disability-adjusted life years
AJPH PUBLIC HEALTH IN CHINA
1604 Commentary Peer Reviewed Fielding AJPH December
2018, Vol 108, No. 12
(DALYs) or mortality, even
though these baseline measures
were not included? If not, how
did the working group under-
taking the study determine the
initial order? The limited scope of
some panelists’ experience may
predispose them to support the
initial rankings if they come from
an authoritative source, unless
a panelist perceived that their area
of expertise was being under-
valued in the first of the two
rounds of ranking.
To be sure, the survey yielded
at least a few surprises. Mental
disorders are ranked lower than
one might expect, considering
that the 2016 Global Burden of
Disease report from the Institute
for Health Metrics and Evalua-
tion ranks mental disorders third
among causes or risks of disease
17. burden in China (2200.73
DALYs per 100 000).1 Most
surprisingly, substance abuse and
addiction were not among the
top 20, despite alcohol and drug
use being fifth among risk factors
driving the most death and dis-
ability combined for China in
2016, after having a 10.5% in-
crease in DALYs since 2005.2
China’s assistant minister of
public security estimates that
there are more than 14 million
drug users, and the 2014 Drug
ReviewAnnualReport estimates
at least 49 000 deaths from drug
abuse in that year.3
Although the population
drinking level inChina used to be
much lower than in many high-
income and middle-income
countries, per capita alcohol
consumption rose from 2.5 liters
in 1978 to 6.7 liters in 2010. It is
important to note that more than
half of the Chinese population
aged 15 years and older abstain
from alcohol: 42% of men and
71% of women. This means the
alcohol consumption level of
those who actually drink was 15.1
liters in 2010, higher than the
equivalent figure in the United
18. Kingdom, the United States,
Sweden, Germany, Australia,
New Zealand, and many other
countries. Further, great dispar-
ities exist in alcohol consumption
and rates of dependence.The rates
of alcohol use disorder are 9.3%
among men and 0.2% among
women, amale–female ratio of 47
to 1, which is substantially higher
than inmost other countries in the
world. Alcohol use contributes to
more than 310 000 deaths and
13.8 million DALYs per year in
China.4
Also surprising is that mus-
culoskeletal disorders were not
ranked among the top 20 by any
of the three groups of partici-
pants, despite being ranked fifth
among disease and injury in
China for disease burden in
2016.1 Musculoskeletal disorders
caused 26.98 million lost DALYs
among the Chinese in 2016,
accounting for 7.72% of the
country’s total disease burden.1
Low back and neck pain tops the
list of health problems that cause
the most disability, and the In-
stitute for Health Metrics and
Evaluation also ranks osteoar-
thritis and other musculoskeletal
disorders among the top 10.2
19. Tracking demographic trends
is important, particularly for
ranking the importance of Alz-
heimer’s disease and other de-
mentias. The rapid decline in
fertility in China since the 1970s
combined with dramatically in-
creased life expectancy has caused
rapid population aging. Accord-
ing to the US Census Bureau
estimate, it will take China just
two decades for the proportion of
the elderly population to double
(from 7% to 14%), compared
with 45 years for the United
Kingdom and almost 70 years for
the United States.5 China’s de-
pendency ratio for the elderly
(the number of people aged 65
years or older for every 100
people aged 20–64 years) was
15% in 2015 and is expected to
rise to 49% in 2050,with the num-
ber of elderly people rising from
approximately 140 million to
350 million in this same period.
In other words, by 2050 China
will be supporting an elderly
population that exceeds the
current population of the United
States and that is more than twice
the population of Russia.5
With the rapid aging of
20. China’s population, health and
macroeconomic models predict
an unfolding Alzheimer’s disease
epidemic. Simulated Chinese
Alzheimer’s disease prevalence
quadrupled during 2011 to 2050
from six million to 28 million,6
and annual costs associated with
the illness are projected to be US
$1.89 trillion by 2050.7 Yet de-
spite the huge elderly population
and growing demand for care,
very little is known about the
economic costs of dementia care
in China. Responsibility to care
for those with dementia mostly
falls on the shoulders of unpaid
caretakers, as the formal care
sector is still in its infancy. For
perspective, the United States
has one quarter of China’s
population but about half the
number of Alzheimer’s disease
patients and 73 000 beds in spe-
cialist treatment centers, whereas
China has fewer than 200 beds.8
In a country with an older
population, disease incidence
and prevalence will swell not
only for dementia but also stroke,
cancer, fractured hips, osteopo-
rosis, Parkinson’s disease, lower
back pain, sleep problems, and
urinary incontinence. China’s
21. low fertility rate over the past
two decades (currently 1.6 births
per woman compared with the
world average of 2.49) means
that there will be fewer family
members to care for infirm elders
suffering from dementia and
other diseases that are associated
with significant disabilities. The
looming challenges of meeting
the needs of China’s older pop-
ulation will surely need to be
at the forefront of the nation’s
20-year health strategy and ap-
pear to deserve a higher ranking.
With respect to preventabil-
ity, there are also some surprises.
As an example, oral diseases are
not ranked among the top 20. As
demonstrated by the results from
the fourth national oral health
epidemiology survey (2017), oral
diseases are still highly prevalent
in China, and they are getting
worse. The reported caries
prevalence rates of children aged
five years and 12 years were
70.1% and 34.5%, respectively.
These problems are almost en-
tirely preventable through public
health and behavioral interven-
tions. If dental care deserves
a high priority, the dentist–
population ratio of one to 10 000
22. reported in 2009 needs a sub-
stantial increase.10
EXPERT OPINION: A
PIECE OF THE PUZZLE
Interpretation of survey results
would be facilitated by under-
standing whether the panelists
interpreted preventability to in-
clude treatment (sometimes re-
ferred to as tertiary prevention).
The broader the definition of
preventability, the greater the
importance of medical insurance
coverage and access to care.
Should coverage be considered
an underlying determinant for
many identified priority diseases
and health-relevant conditions?
A noteworthy feature of the
survey is the inclusion of both
upstream and downstream health
problems, although this approach
complicates the interpretation of
the rankings. For example, how
should we interpret the fact that
AJPH PUBLIC HEALTH IN CHINA
December 2018, Vol 108, No. 12 AJPH Fielding Peer Reviewed
Commentary 1605
23. smoking is ranked first in pre-
ventability, whereas lung cancer,
for which smoking is the major
cause, is ranked 11th? Diabetes
mellitus is ranked first in impor-
tance and second in prevent-
ability, but unhealthy diet, the
primary determinant of type 2
diabetes, is ranked only 14th
in importance and 5th in
preventability.
It would have been helpful to
start with an overarching model
with outcomes and determinants
separated to avoid having both of
these on the same list. Consid-
ering the burdens and prevention
opportunities by age group,
knowing urban versus rural res-
idence and gender would also be
helpful for determining priority
opportunities for prevention.
China is far from homoge-
neous with respect to health and
medical care. Instead of one na-
tional pattern, studies have illu-
minated a number of distinct,
geographically defined patterns.
Although many wealthy prov-
inces have mortality rates on par
with those of the United States,
populations in most rural prov-
inces are characterized by poorer
health outcomes and high levels
24. of adverse health determinants
and disease burden.
This survey did not directly
address the social determinants of
health and health inequity, such
as income, education, occupa-
tion, transportation, and housing.
Inclusion of these underlying
health and disease determinants
is critical for identifying health-
promoting policies and programs
with the greatest potential
impact.
In a research to action para-
digm, this survey addresses the
question of priorities on the basis
of expert opinion. To oper-
ationalize the results also requires
an understanding of what works
to reduce population burden. An
essential step is to compile the
best evidence on impact from
studies of intervention effective-
ness and develop quantifiable
targets on the basis of the most
impactful interventions.
Despite their limitations, sur-
veys of “experts” can be helpful
in several ways. They contribute
an important perspective worth
considering in the prioritization
process, especially when data are
25. incomplete with respect to bur-
den and intervention effective-
ness. Survey results can also
identify misconceptions that are
widely held, even among experts.
These can be addressed through
continuing education. Consid-
ering that experts are often
queried by the media, they can
help align public perceptions
with the best scientific knowl-
edge. In addition, the results can
promote interaction among re-
searchers and other medical and
public health thought leaders,
help establish research priorities,
and invite collaboration among
nations faced with similar
challenges.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank Ellie Faustino for
research and editorial assistance and Steven
Teutsch for helpful comments on the
commentary.
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AJPH PUBLIC HEALTH IN CHINA
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