The document outlines the establishment and organization of a journal club, emphasizing its role in critical evaluation of academic literature and medical education. It details the history of journal clubs, beginning with Sir William Osler's formal club in 1875, and describes the goals of providing updates on medical literature, improving research understanding, and fostering social interaction. Additionally, it includes guidelines for article selection, presentation structure, and participant roles within the journal club framework.

1. Journal Club Presentation
Overview, Setting up rules and roles
Usama Ragab Youssif (MSc.)
Assistant lecturer of Medicine
January 23, 2017 Monday

2. • A physician who does not use books and
journals, who does not need a library, who
does not read one or two of the best
weeklies and monthlies, soon sinks to the
level of the cross-counter prescriber, and not
alone in practice, but in those mercenary
feelings and habits that characterize a trade.
William Osler

3. Agenda
• Definition.
• History.
• Aim and Goals of Journal club.
• Journal club presentation.
• Setup rules.
• Setup roles.

4. Definition
• A journal club is a group of individuals who
meet regularly to critically evaluate recent
articles in the academic literature, generally
of some branch of science or philosophy.
Journal clubs are usually organized around a
defined subject in basic or applied research.

5. Simply….
• Journal clubs can be used in the education
of graduate or professional students.

6. History
• The earliest references to a journal club was found in a
book of memoirs and letters by the late Sir James Paget, a
British surgeon, who describes a group at St.
Bartholomew's Hospital in London in the mid-19th century
as "a kind of club ... a small room over a baker's shop near
the Hospital-gate where we could sit and read
the journals."
Esisi, Martina. "Journal clubs." BMJ Careers. 13 Oct. 2007. Web. 09 Jan. 2010. <http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/view-article.html?id=2631#ref2

7. History (cont.)
• Sir William Osler established
the first formalized journal club
at McGill University in Montreal
in 1875. The original purpose
of Osler's journal club was "for
the purchase and distribution
of periodicals to which he could
not afford to subscribe."
Crit Care (2004). 8: 401–2.

8. History (cont.)
• Tinsley Harrison, the famous
creator of Harrison's Principles
of Internal Medicine hosted a
journal club at his house twice
a month where one member of
the group would present a
research paper and the others
would criticize it.
pittman, james (2011-08-25). "Tinsley Randolph Harrison - The founding editor of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine". DoctorsHangout.com.

9. History (cont.)
• Till 1980’s it was to provide its
member with up-to date medical
literature but quite recently it has
become a forum for teaching and
learning critical appraisal techniques
and a method to promote evidence-
based medical practice.

10. • We are drowning in information but starved
for knowledge
John Naisbitt

11. Topics should preferably of evidence
based Medicine (EBM)
• EBM triad

13. Why??
• “ If physicians would read two
articles per day out of the six
million medical articles
published annually, in one
year, they would fall 82
centuries behind in their
reading.
J Am Board Fam Pract 12(4):315-333, 1999.

14. • It usually comes as a surprise to
students to learn that some
(perhaps most) published
articles belong in the bin, and
should certainly not be used to
inform practice.
BMJ 1997;315:243

15. Aim and Goal of Journal Club
• Providing participation with an update of medical literature.
• Reading and critiquing research.

16. 1- Research process
• To improve the knowledge of Research Methodology &
Biostatistics
• To develop abilities to critically analyze the research
article
• Help people to learn and improve their critical appraisal
skills

17. 2- Learning
• To provide improvement for clinical practice by increasing
exposure to the latest research findings
• Provide continuing medical education
3- Socializing
• Promote social contact

18. Presentation of Journal club

19. Items of Evaluation of an Article
Title
 Authors and funding source
 Brief Intro about journal selected
 Abstract & Key words
 Introduction
 Material and Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 Take home message from article presented

20. Items of Evaluation of an Article

23. • “There is an art of reading, as well as an art
of thinking, and an art of writing.”
Clarence Day

24. • Simple and concise
• Variables to be specific
• May also reflect study design
Title

25. Authors and funding source

26. • Who are the authors? Do you know any of their previous
work?
• The Institution/ Organization to which they belong and e-
mail to be mentioned.
• Who paid for the study? This gives you a head start on
knowing what sort of biases to look for.
Authors and funding source

27. Brief Intro about journal selected

28. • Organ of which institution
• Impact factor : if any
• Peer reviewed or not
• Indexed or not
• National/International
Brief Intro about journal selected

29. • Peer review is the
evaluation of work by
one or more people
of similar competence
to the producers of
the work
Peer review

30. • Indexing of journal is measure the sign of its quality
compares to non-indexed journal though the article may be
high quality paper.
• Indexing also increases the impact factor of the journal.
• Indexing increases publications and also many more authors
would be publishing than ever before.
Indexed or not

31. The main medical journal indexes are:
• Thomson ISI's Journal Citation Reports
• Thomson Reuters' Biological Abstracts
• Elsevier's Embase
• Medline
• Pubmed Central
• Index Medicus
• Science Citation Index and now
• Google Scholar
Indexed or not (cont.)

32. • The impact factor (IF) or Journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic
journal is a measure reflecting the yearly average number
of citations to recent articles published in that journal.
• It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a
journal within its field
• In any given year, the impact factor of a journal is the number of
citations received in that year by articles published in that journal
during the two preceding years, divided by the total number of
articles published in that journal during the two preceding years
Impact factor
Journal Citation Reports: Impact Factor". Retrieved 2016-09-12.

33. Abstract

34. • Abridged form of the whole article(Contain the
research design, objective, methodology, results and
conclusion)
• Format as per journal guidelines
• Wordings reflect the whole article
• Tell what was done, and what was found?
Abstract

35. • As per journal guidelines
• Mostly taken from title
• Makes article search easy
Key words:

36. Introduction

37. Background information of the article
I. Research question & objective/ purpose of study clearly
stated ?
II. Hypothesis clearly stated ?
• What is the context and motivation for doing the study?
(Need of the study) – justified or not
• Brief literature review of disease and drug
• Prevalence of disease
• Objective of the study
Introduction

38. • Study design
• Inclusion and exclusion criteria
• Sample size (and methods of calculations)
• Statistical analysis
• Primary and secondary end points
Material and Methods

39. Results

40. • Demography data.
• Raw data you may need for your own research.
• Generally summarized in tables/graphs: easy viewing
• Consider both the statistical significance and the effect
size.
Results

41. Discussion

42. • Summarize important results
• Reasons for conclusion
• To correlate the present findings with the related previous
studies
Discussion

44. Setup Rules
1. Select a director
2. Define the goals
3. Optimize attendance
4. Generate participant interest
5. Special preparation for journal club with critical appraisal
techniques.

45. Setup rules (cont.)
• Articles are selected by director and presenter
• Approval 2 weeks before.
• A specific participant is assigned the task of presenting the
article (once monthly).
• Participant should present the content, evaluation report
with his/her own opinion and defend with proper reasoning.

46. Select an article
• Consider articles on
topics of interest to you
that will generate
conversation.
• Variety is a good thing

49. Presentation of Journal club

50. Guidelines for Powerpoint Presentation
Must be limited to 15 minutes to allow plenty of time for teaching and
discussion.
Background/Introduction/Context (1 or 2 slides)
Brief outline of the case/ article to be discussed
Study Outline (1 slide)
This follows the structured abstract template favored by popular journals
like JAMA or Annals of Internal Medicine. Presenters should be able to
summarize each heading in one or two lines so as to fit on a single slide.
This is a good slide to review with your assigned mentor at the pre-
Journal Club meeting. It should outline "Hypothesis/Goal;" "Study
Design;" "Setting;" "Participants;" "Data Collection;" "Main Outcome;"
"Analytic Method."
Additional Methods (1 or 2 slides)
Results (3-6 slides)
Typically, cut and pasted tables and figures.

51. End of presentation
• Conclusions/ Implications
(1 slide)
• Strengths
(1 slide)
• Weaknesses
(1 slide)
• Discussion Points
(1 slide)

52. Feed back
• Evaluate the journal club
(eg, at the end of the
session, gather feedback
from participants).
• Determine how the next
journal club meeting
could be made more
beneficial.

53. Setup roles
Your turn

54. RESPONSIBLE PERSONS
• Mentors: Prof. ******************
• Coordinator: Acute medicine chairman (or whoever)
• Members : IM and allied specialties staff and medical
residents.

55. ROLES
Mentor / Coordinator Role
Helps members identify appropriate article that fits pre-specified
design of the month.
Meet with residents/physicians 1-2 weeks then 1-2 days before
Journal Club to discuss paper and prepare.
Lead a 30-40 min. discussion of the paper and related topics in
critical appraisal following the residents' presentation at Journal Club
Resident’s / Members Role
Residents or specialist physicians select a recent article(s)/
interesting case and clear it with assigned Journal Club mentor.
They read the article and arrange a meeting with the mentor at
least once in a fortnight before Journal Club to discuss strengths
and weaknesses, identify teaching points, and outline approach to
presentation.
They email a link to the article to all residents the day before
Journal Club.
Finally, they give a 10-15 minute PowerPoint presentation of the
article to begin the Journal Club discussion