The prevertebral muscles include the longus colli, longus capitis, and rectus capitis muscles. The scalene muscles include the scalenus anterior, medius and posterior. The scalenovertebral triangle contains the first part of the vertebral artery and the cervical sympathetic chain, including the middle and inferior cervical ganglia. The cervical sympathetic chain originates from T1-T5 and contains the superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia which provide gray rami communicantes to the cervical nerves and branches to nearby structures.
Enzymes are highly specific and catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy, not by supplying energy directly. Using heat would not selectively catalyze the desired biochemical reactions and could damage cellular components.
1. TOPICS
1. Obtaining and digesting of food
(Digestive system)
2. Gas exchange: breathing system
(Respiratory system)
3. Internal transport
(Circulatory system)
4. Immune system
5. The control of internal environment
6. Chemical control
(Endocrine system)
7. Nervous system and the sense
8. Animal locomotion