Home based care booklet RS Mehta

Home Based Care to the
People Living with AIDS
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ug]{ ;]jf sf] nflu ;xof]uL k'l:tsf
World AIDS Day 2009:
Universal Access and Human Right
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jL=kL= sf]O{/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg
w/fg, ;'g;/L, g]kfn

Rector Madam Pad
ldtL @)^^=*=!!
g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ;g !(** df Pr=cfO{=eL=;+s|ldt JolSt km]nf k/]sf] xf].
g]kfndf ;j{;fwf/0f jo:s hg;d"xdf Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|d0fsf] l:ytL nueu )=%∞
/x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;du|df Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8;sf] lgoGq0f / o;af6 ;+s|ldt
Pj+ k|efljt JolStx?nfO{ cGo gful/s ;/x clwsf/sf] k|Tofe'lt ug{ x/]s tx /
tKsfdf sfo{/t ;a}n] plts} rf;f] / ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ 68sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . /ftf]
l/jg sf] k|of]u u/]/ pSt k|ltj4tf xfdLn] klg k/f ug'{ k5{ / Psj4tf hgfpg' k5{ .
3/kl/jfdf cfwfl/t ;]jf c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{x?sf] ljsNksf] ?kdf xf]Og,
;xof]uL tyf kl/k"/s ;]jf dfq xf] . ;d'bfo tyf kl/jf/df cfwfl/t ;]jf eg]sf]
Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtsf] zf/Ll/s, ;fdflhs, efjgfTds tyf cfWoflTds
cfjZostfx? k'/f ug{ ;d'bfo tyf kl/jf/leq g} lbOg] ;]jf xf] . o;df Pr=cfO{=eL
;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtn] cfkm}n] ug]{ ;]jf, kl/jf/ tyf :g]x ug{] cfkmGthgn] ug]{ ;]jf,
cfkm" h:t} Pr=cfO{=eL ;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtn] ug]{ ;]jf / cfjZostf cg';f/ tfnLd
k|fKt :jf:Yo sfo{stf{åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? x'g . of] ;]jfdf vf;u/L Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt
tyf k|efljtsf efjgfTds tyf cflTds cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{sf nflu kl/jf/ tyf
;d'bfon] k|oTg ub{5g .
o; k'l:tsfn] Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; ;+s|ldtx?nfO{ 3/kl/jf/df ;]jf k|bfg ug{ lgs} dbt
k'Ug] 5 , eGg] k"0f{ ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb .
========================================

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/]S6/

Hospital Director Sir: In pad
ldtL @)^^=*=!!
g]kfdf Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8;sf] dfxfdf/L lbg k|ltlbg a9b} uO{/x]sf]5 . ;g @))@ sf] l8;]Da/sf]
cGTo blv ;g @))$ h'g ;Ddsf] cjlwdf dfq sl/q !))) hgf Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8;
;+s|ldtx? kQf nflu;s]sf] 5 . h;dWo] sl/a @)) hgfnfO{ t P8; g} eO;s]sf] kfOPsf] 5
. Pr=cfO{=eL=;+s|d0fdf a[lå x'b} hfg'df ljleGg sf/0fx? 5g , To;dWo] Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8;
ePsfx?nfO{ ;dfhdf x]oefjsf] kfq agfpg] / tNnf] bhf{sf] JolStsf] ?kdf lng] h:tf
sf/0fx? klg x'g . g]kfndf cem};Dd klg ;a} JolStx?n] Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; ePsf
JolStx?nfO{ ;fdfGo Jojxf/ ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf alg;s]sf] 5}g .
g]kfndf lbg k|ltlbg a9b} uO/x]sf] Pr) cfO{) eL) ;+s|d0fsf] sf/0fn] d'n'sdf cfd
gful/ssf] :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s If]qdf uDeL/ ;d:ofx? pTkGg eO{/x]sf 5g .
o;nfO{ /f]syfd ug{ ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, lghL Pj+ cGo If]qx?jf6 s]Gb| b]lv
lhNnf tx ;Dd ljleGg sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf 5g .
o; k|lti7fgdf @)^^ ciff9 d;fGt ;Dddf hDdf %@# hgf Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldtx?
btf{ ePsf] / @)% hgf P8; ;+s|ldtx? P=cf/=6L= cf}iflw kfO/x]sf] tYo cjut u/fpg
rfxG5' .
;du|df Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8;sf] lgoGq0f / o;af6 ;+s|ldt Pj+ k|efljt JolStx?nfO{
cGo gful/s ;/x clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltug{ x/]s tx / tKsfdf sfo{/t ;a}n] plts} rf;f]
/ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ 68fsf/f] cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
o; k'l:tsfn] Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; ;+s|ldtx?nfO{ 3/kl/jf/df ;]jf k|bfg ug{ lgs} ;xof]u
k'Ug] cfzf lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb .

========================================
k|f) 8f) aneb| k|;fb bf;
c:ktfn lgb]{zs

HOD MEDICINE IN PAD
ldtL @)^^=*=!!
cGt/fli6«o ?kd} Pr=cfO{=eL= ;s|ldtx? k|lt x'g] e]befj / nfG5gfsf] cGTo / dfgj
clwsf/ kjw{gsf nflu ljleGg lgb]{lzsfx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g . tL lgb]{lzsfx?
Pr=cfO{=eL=;+s|ldtx?sf] lgDg clwsf/fnO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 , h:t} M sfg'gL?kdf
e]befj /lxt ;dfgtf, dlxnf clwsf/, ljjfx Pj kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] clwsf/ /
kfl/jf/sf] ;'/If ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, uf]klgotfsf] clwsf/, j}1flgs ljsf;sf] pkef]u
ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, :jtGq eP/ e|d0f ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, cf>o lng kfpg] clwsf/,
:jtGq / ;'/lIft eP/ af“ Rg kfpg] clwsf/, ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] / ;ef ;]ldgf/df efu
lng kfpg] clwsf/, zfl/l/s / dfgl;s ?kdf :j:Yo eP/ afRg kfpg] clwsf/,
/fhgLlgs / ;f:s[lts hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/, k|of{Kt /fd|f] :t/Lo /
;'/lIft ;dflhs hLjg lhpg kfpg] clwsf/ /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/, lg/s'ztf aa{/tf
ckdfg lj?4 :jtGq x'g kfpg] clwsf/, lzIffsf] clwsf/, ;"rgfsf] clwsf/ / cfº gf]
dt JoSt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ O{Toflb .
Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; Pp6f :jf:Yo ;d:of dfq geO{ Ps ;fdflhs ;d:of klg xf] . o=
Pg= P8;sf cg';f/ xfn sl/a # s/f]8 #@ nfv JolStx? Pr=cfO{=eL= tyf
P8;jf6 ;+s|ldt 5g . jL= kL= sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgdf @)^^ ciff9
d;fGt ;Dd hDdf %@# hgf Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+s|ldtx? Onfh u/fO{ /x]sf] / To; dWo]
@)% hgf P=cf/=6L= vfO{ /x]sf 5g .
k|t]s jif{ l8 ;]Dj/ ! df aN8{ P8; 8] !(** b]lv ljleGg gf/f cGt{ut dgfpb} cfPsf]
/ o; jif{ sf] gf/f World AIDS Day 2009: Universal Access and Human Rights /x]sf]
tYo ;a}df cjut} 5 .
o; k'l:tsfn] Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; ;+s|ldt JolStnfO{ 3/kl/jf/df ;]jf k'¥ofpg lgs} dbt
ug]{5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb .
========================================

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ljefuLo k|d''v, OG6/gn d]l8l;g
sf]cf]l8G6]/ HIV/AIDS sf]/ sld6L

e'ldsf
Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; s]jn kl/jf/, ;d'bfo, /fi6« / ljZj :jf:Yosf] lglDt dfq geO{
bL3{sflng cy{Joj:yf / ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;d]t 7'nf] r'gf}tL ag]sf] 5 / ;+s|ldt
JolStx?k|lt x'g] e]befj / nf~5gf cfh Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8;sf] If]qdf pNn]Vo ;kmntf
k|fKt ug{sf nflu d'Vo afws ag]sf] 5 . Pr=cfO{=eL= ;s|ldt JolStxx? e]befj /
nf~5gfsf 8/n] g} cfº gf] ;d:of /fVgaf6 lxlRsrfO/x]sf x'G5g / ;]jf / clwsf/
lngaf6 al~rt eO/x]sf 5g tyf v'n]/ ;dfh ;fd' k|:t't x'g klg 8/fO/x]sf x'G5g
h;n] ;d:ofnfO{ cem rsf{Psf] 5 . o;}u/L Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'x?
h:t} of]gsfdL{ dlxnfx? ;fy} nfu'kbfy{ k|of]ustf{x? k|lt ;dfh ;sf/fTds x'g ;s]sf]
5}g h;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf] plrt k'g{:yfkgf / ;zlSts/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
o; k'l:tsfn] P8; ;+s|ldt JolStx?sf] 3/ kl/jf/df ;]jf k'¥ofpg lgs} dbt ug]{ 5 /
cfjZostf k/]sf] a]nf w]/} dbt ug{'sf] ;fy} ;+s|ldtx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;d:ofx? Jff6 aRg
tyf :jf:Yo hLjg ofkg ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] cfzf lnPsf] 5' . Tflnd cjwLdf l;sfOPsf
Jojxfl/s 1fgx?nfO{ tfhf kfg{ o; k'l:tsfn] dbt ug]{ 5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
cGtdf o; k'l:tsfsf] k|sf;gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] k|f= 8f= k|Nxfb sfsL{, 8f= ;'dg
l/hfn, 8f= ;ld/ uf}td, c+hL/ >]i7, ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf JolStx? nufot ;xefuL
;+k"0f{ Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; ;+s|ldt JolStx? / tLgsf ;xof]uL nufot k|sfzgdf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg' x'g] >L dlt k'gd d]xtf tyf k|sfzsnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
of] k'l:tsf d]/f] lk=Pr=8L= cWoogsf] cg';Gwfg ;fdu|Lsf] Pp6f efu dfq xf] . dnfO{
lg/Gt/ ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg ug{' x'g] d]/f] ;'k/efOh/ 8f= pdfsfGt l;njfn tyf
ufO8 k|f= 8f= ;/nf If]i7nfO{ x[bo b]lv wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
d]/f] o; cg';Gwfgn] P8; ;+qmldt JolStx?nfO{ s]lx g s]lx ;xof]u cjZo k'Ug] 5
eGg] cfzf /fv]sf] 5' / ;xefuL tyf ;xof]ustf{ ;a}nfO{ k'gM wGojfb lbb} cfpbf lbgdf
k'gM ;xof]u tyf ;Nnfxsf] ck]Iff /fVb 5' .
wGojfb .
========================================
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lk=Pr=8L= zf]wfyL{

s]lGb|o u|fdL0f ljsf; ljefu, lq=lj=
P;f]l;P6 k|f]km];/

k"jL{ u|fdL0f g]kfnsf P8; ;+s|ldt
JolStx?sf] 3/df ul/g] :ofxf/ M
Ps cWoog ljZn]zg .
k"jf{~rnsf u|fdL0f e]usf P8; ;+s|ldt JolStx?nfO{
nlIft ul/ t}of/ kfl/Psf] o; k'l:tsfn] 3/kl/jf/df
P8; ;+s|ldt JolStx?sf] :oxf/ tyf x]/ljrf/df 7"nf]
dbt k'Ug] 5 eg] cfzf lnPsf] 5' .
wGojfb .
/fd z/0f d]xtf
lk=Pr=8L= zf]wfyL{
s]lGb|o u|fdL0f ljsf; ljefu, lq=lj=
P;f]l;P6 k|f]km];/
k|f= 8f= ;/nf >]i7
ufO8
Nursing Campus
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
Trubhuvan University (TU)
8f= pdfsfGt l;njfn

;'k/efOh/
s]lGb|o u|fdL0f ljsf; ljefu
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Trubhuvan University (TU)

k"jL{ u|fdL0f g]kfnsf P8; ;+s|ldt JolStx?sf] 3/df ul/g] :ofxf/ M
Ps cWoog ljZn]zg .
o; cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g] lgDg dxfg'efjx?nfO{ x[bo b]lv wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
1. 8f= pdfsfGt l;njfn, ;'k/efOh/
2. k|f= 8f= ;/nf If]i7, ufO8
3. k|= 8f= k|xnfb sfsL{ ljefuLo k|d'v, OG6/gn d]8Ll;g ljefu
4. k|f= 8f= ;dg l/hfn, OGrfh{, 6lksn tyf OGkm]S;Lo; l8lhh o"lg6
5. k|f= 8f= jneb| k|;fb bf;, c:ktfn lgb]{zs, BPKIHS
6. k|f= 8f= ;'wf cu|jfn HOD, Department of Dermatology & venrology
7. 8f= l;= kL= pkfWo, KZH.
8. k|f= 8f= k|lbk v8sf, HOD, CDRD
9. k|f= 8f= km]8l/s sf]g]n, USA
10. k|f= 8f= lh= s]= l;+x, IAA
11. k|f= 8f= cf/= Pd= kf08], AIIMS
12. sdnf j/fn, Nav kiran plus, KZH, Biratnagar
13. Prof. Dr CB Jha, BPKIHS.
14. Prof. Dr. Nilambr Jha, HOD, Dept of Community Medicine & SPH
15. k|f= 8f= gLtf kf]v/]n, rLkm, sfn]h ckm gl;Ë
16. Dr. PM. Sangwa, HOD, Department of psychatry
17. Dr. Samir Gautam, Dr. Lekjung Thapa, ART clinic BPKIHS
18. 8f= ;"o{/fh lg/f}nf, Statician
19. Mr. w/lgw/ a/fn, Statician
20. w/fg kf]h]l6e, CHBC Team members.
21. zfld{nf u'?+Ë kl/jfl/s :jf:Yo s]Gb|, lj/f6gu/
22. Ms. Ranju sharma, Lav Kus Asharam, Bhadrapur, Jhapa
23. Mr. B.P. Chaudhary, VCT/ART Nurse, MZH, Bhadrapur.
24. c+hL/ If]i7, VCT/ART Nurse & Nurses of Tropical Ward.
25. Mrs. Laxmi chaudhary VCT/ART Nurse, SZH
26. Mr. Sailesh Bhattari, Sociologist, BPKIHS.
27. Mr. slkn yfkf, DACC, Morang
28. Mr.Gobiond Sir, KHZ, Medical Recorder
29. Mrs. Poonam Mehta, For typing the manuscript.
30. Special Thanks to: Dharan Positive Group, KYC, NAPN, SIDC,Sunaulo Bihani,
SZH, KZH, MZH, BPKIHS, AMDA, Red Cross, NCASC, FHI & UNAIDS.
31. All the PLWHA & their care givers for their cooperation & Support.
32. All the individual & Members of NOGs/INGOs, Government officials whose
name I can not mentioned due to long list, Kindly forgive me.
Thank-you All

ljifo ;"rL
efu lja/0f k]h gDa/
efu != P8; ;+qmldtx?sf] 3/df ul/g] :oxf/ =====================================
!= != kl/ro .========================================================================================
!= @= 3/df cfwfl/t :oxf/ tyf x]/rfx .===================================================
!= #= 3/df cfwfl/t :oxf/ tyf x]/rfx ;]jfsf p2]Zox? . ===========================
!= $= ;d''bfo tyf 3/kl/jf/df cfwfl/t ;]jf lsg cfjZos 5 . ================
!= %= ;]jflbg s'g s'g If]q ;+nUg /xg ;Sb5g .=======================================
!= ^= 3/df cfwfl/t :oxf/ tyf x]/rfx ;]jf lsg . =====================================
!= &= 3/df cfwfl/t :oxf/ tyf x]/rfx ;]jf s;n] ug]{ . ===========================
!= *= 3/df cfwfl/t :oxf/ / x]/rfxdf s] s] s'/fx? kb{5g .=========================
!= (= P8; ePsf JolStx?sf] x]/ ljrf/ ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? . ==============
!= (= -s_ lj/fdLsf] x]/ ljrf/ ug]{ JolStn] cfkmgf] ;'/Iff s;/L ug]{ . ============
!= (= -v_ lj/fdLsf] n'ufkmf6f ;kmf ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? . ===================
efu @ M Pr=cfO{=eL= tyf P8; af/] hfgsf/L =====================================
@= != kl/ro . =======================================================================================
@= @= Pr=cfO{=eL= eg]sf] s] xf] . ==========================================================
@= #= P8; eg]sf] s] xf] . =====================================================================
@= $= Pr=cfO{=eL= kl/If0f tyf hf“ r x? .==============================
@= %= Pr=cfO{=eL= s;/L ;b]{g .=========================================================
@= ^= Pr=cfO{=eL= nfu] kl5 s] x'G5 .==================================================
@= &= P8;sf k|d'v nIf0fx? .================================================================
@= *= Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; ;+qmd0fsf r/0fx? . ==================================
@= (= Pr=cfO{=eL= kf]h]l6e x'b}df dl/b}g . =========================================
@= !)= Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; nfO{ s;/L lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .===================================
@= !!= Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; jf6 aRgsf nflu ;a}n] ;+lem/fVg kg]{ d'Vo s'/fx? .=========
@= !@= Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; af6 aRg] pkfox? .===================================================
@= !#= Pr=cfO{=eL= km}ng hf]lvd 36fpg] pkfox? .============================================
efu # M of}g /f]u af/] hfgsf/L . ===================================================================
#= != of}g /f]ueg]sf] s] xf] < s;/L ;5{ . =====================================
#= @= of}g /f]usf k|d'v nIf0fx? . =====================================
#= #= of}g /f]usf k|sf/x? . =====================================
#= $= of}g /f]usf] ;dod} pkrf/ gu/fP s] x'G5 . =====================================
#= %= of}g /f]usf] pkrf/ af/] ;a}n] hfGg' kg]{ s'/fx? . ===============================
#= ^= of}g /f]u af6 aRg / arfpg s] ug]{ . =====================================

efu $ M P=cf/=6L= pkrf/ ljlw======================================================================
$= != P=cf/=6L= eg]sf] s] xf] . =====================================
$= @= P=cf/=6L= n] s;/L sfd u5{ . =====================================
$= #= l;= l8= – $ kl/If0f . =====================================
$= $= P=cf/=6L= k|ltsf] k|ltj4tf . =====================================
$= %=cfk"mnfO{ ;+emfO{ lbgsf] nflu s;}nfO{ eGg' xf]; . ===========================
$= ^= P=cf/=6L= n] Pr=cfO{=eL= lgsf] ub}g . =====================================
$= &= P=cf/=6L= n] Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] k'gM ;+qmd0fnfO{ arfpg ;Sb}g .
$= *= cfk"mnfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= jf6 hf]ufpg' xf]; . =====================================
$= (= P=cf/=6L= sf gsf/fTds c;/x? . =====================================
$= !)= le=l;=l6= ;]G6/df k/fdz{ lng hfg' xf]; . =====================================
$= !!= P=cf/=6L= / uef{j:yf . =====================================
$= !@= P=cf/=6L= vfO{ /fv]sf JolStx? n] ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? .
efu % M cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx? =============================================================================
%= != cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0f af/] a'emg kg]{ s'/fx? . =====================================
%= @= cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fsf s]lx ;+s]t tyf nIf0fx? . =====================================
%= #= cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx?sf] /f]syfd . =====================================
efu ^ M P8; ;+qmldtx?df b]lvg] :jf:Yo ;d:ofx? tyf tLgsf pkrf/ . ====================
^= != cfltg' (Anxicty) ……………………………………
^= @= slAhot (Constipation)……………………………………
^= #= vf]lsnfUg' (Cough) ……………………………………
^= $=zf]s÷lrGtf (Depression) ……………………………………
^= %= emf8f kvfnf (Diarhoea) ……………………………………
^= ^= 5fnfsf] x]/rfx (Skin care) ……………………………………
^= &= rSs/ nfUg' (Dizziness) ……………………………………
^= *= Hj/f] cfpg' (Fever) ……………………………………
^= (= la;{g] jfgL (forgetfulness) ……………………………………
^= !)=sdhf]/L dx;'; x'g' (fatigue) ……………………………………
^= !!= jfs jfsL nfUg' (Nausea) ……………………………………
^= !@= /ftL kl;gf cfpg' (Night sweats) ……………………………………
^= !#= xft v'§f emdemd ug'{ (Tingling /numbness) ……………………………………
^= !$= ;f“ ; km]g{ ufx|f] ePdf (Shrotness of breath) ……………………………………
^= !%= 5fnfsf] 3fp (Skin abscess/boil) ……………………………………
^= !^= 5fnfdf kmf]sf cfpg' (Skin blister) ……………………………………
^= !&= 5fnfdf ljld/f cfpg' (Skin rash) ……………………………………

^= !*= xft v'§f ;lGgg] . …………………………………………………………….
^= !(= lgGb|f gnfUg' (Insomnia) …………………………………………………..
^= @)= tf}n 36g' (Weight loss) …………………………………………….
^= @!= d'vdf ;]tf] 3fp x'g' (Oral thrush) ……………………………………
^= @@= of]gL lrnfpg', kf]Ng' tyf ;]tf] kfgL aUg' (Vaginal itching and discharge)
^= @#= /St cNktf (Anemia) ……………………………………
^= @$= km+u; -b';L_ sf] ;+qmd0f (Fungal in fection) ……………………………..
^= @%= hg} vl6/f (Herpes Simplex) ………………………………………
^= @^= d'v ;'s]df s] ug]{ . …………………………………………………..
^= @&= 5fnfdf 8fa/ cfPdf s] ug]{ . ………………………………………
^= @*= cf]5ofgsf] 3fp (Bedsore) ………………………………………………
^= @(= skfn em/]df s] ug]{ . ……………………………………………………
^= #)= k]l/km]/n Go"/f]k]ly . ………………………………
^= #!=c;fwf/0f jf v/fj ;kgfx? cfPdf s] ug]{ . ……………………………….
^= #@= w]/} ysfg dx;'; ePdf s] ug]{ . …………………...............................
^= ##= b'MvL jf lrlGtt ePdf s] ug]{ . ………………….....................................
^= #$= Ifo/f]u jf/] hfgsf/L . ………………….....................................................
efu &= nf~5gf tyf e]befa===========================================================================
efu *= dfgl;s :jf:Yo ;'wf/==========================================================================
efu (= 3/]n' pkrf/ ========================================================================================
efu !)= si6 /lxt d/0fsf] Joj:yf=======================================================================
efu !!= 3/ kl/jf/df cfwfl/t ;]jfsf] nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;fdu|Lx?======================
efu !@= P8; ;+s|ldtx?nfO{ w/df ul/g] :ofxf/sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ cf}iflwx?========
efu !#= dgf]/~hgfTds cf}iflwx¿ / Pr cfO{ eL =========================================
efu !$= P8; lkl8t JolStnfO{ 3/kl/jf/df ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ kl/jf/sf] ;b:o
tyf lkl8t JolStx?n] l;Sg kg]{ s/fx? ========================================
efu !%= k|fy{gf / Wofg===================================================================================
efu !^ : ;fdflhsLs/0f=================================================================================

efu !& : ;'/lIft of}g lgb]{zgx?======================================================================
efu !* : pbfl;gtf / Pr= cfO={ eL= ================================================================
efu !( : w'd|kfg / Pr=cfO{=eL==========================================================================
efu @) : P8;sf ;DaGwdf ldYof s'/fx? tyf e|dx?=======================================

efu – !
P8; ;+s|ldtx?sf] 3/df ul/g] :oxf/
!=! kl/ro M Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; :jf:Yo ;d:of dfq geO Ps ;fdflhs ;d:of klg xf] .
o'=Pg=P8;sf cg';f/ xfn sl/a # s/f]8 #@ nfv JolStx? Pr=cfO{=eL= tyf P8; af6
;s|ldt 5g .
Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; s]jn kl/jf/, ;d'bfo, /fi6« / ljzj :jf:Yosf] lglDt dfq geO{
bL3{sflng cy{Joj:yf / ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;d]t 7'nf] r'gf}tL ag]sf] 5 / ;qmldt
JolStx?k|lt x'g] e]befj / nf~5gf cfh Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8;sf] If]qdf pNn]Vo ;kmntf k|fKt
ug{sf nflu d'Vo afws ag]sf] 5 . Pr=cfO{=eL= ;s|ldt JolStxx? e]befj / nf~5gfsf 8/n]
g} cfº gf] ;d:of /fVgaf6 lxlRsrfO/x]sf 5g / ;]jf tyf clwsf/ lngaf6 al~rt eO/x]sf
5g tyf v'n]/ ;dfh ;fd' k|:t't x'g klg 8/fO/x]sf 5g h;n] ;d:ofnfO{ cem rsf{Psf] 5 .
o;}u/L Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'xx? h:t} of}gsfdL{ dlxnfx? ;fy} nfu'kbfy{
k|of]ustf{x?k|lt ;dfh ;sf/fTds x'g ;s]sf] 5}g h;n] ubf{ pgLx?sf] plrt k'g{:yfkgf /
;zlSts/0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g .
cGt/fli6«o ?kd} Pr=cfO=eL= ;qmldtx? k|lt x'g] e]befj / nfG5gfsf] cGTo / dfgj clwsf/
kjw{gsf nflu ljleGg lgb]{lzsfx? k|sflzt ePsf 5g . tL lbg]{lzsfx?
Pr=cfO=eL=;+qmldtx?sf] lgDg clwsf/fnO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 , h:t} M sfg'gL?kdf e]befj
/lxt ;dfgtf, dlxnf clwsf/, ljjfx Pj kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] clwsf/ / kfl/jf/sf] ;'/If ug{
kfpg] clwsf/, uf]klgotfsf] clwsf/, j}1flgs ljsf;sf] pkef]u ug]{ kfpg] clwsf/, :jtGq
eP/ e|d0f ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, cf>o lng kfpg] clwsf/, :jtGq / ;'/lIft eP/ af“ Rg
kfpg] clwsf/, ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] / ;ef ;]ldgf/df efu lng kfpg] clwsf/, zfl/l/s /
dfgl;s ?kdf :j:yo eP/ afRg kfpg] clwsf/, /fhgLlgs / ;f:s[lts hLjgdf ;xefuL
x'g kfpg] clwsf/, k|of{Kt /fd|f] :t/Lo / ;'/lIft ;dflhs hLjg lhpg kfpg] clwsf/
/f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/, lg/s';+ztf aa{/tf ckdfg lj?4 :jtGq x'g kfpg] clwsf/, lzIffsf]
clwsf/, ;"rgfsf] clwsf/ / cfº gf] dt Joqm ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ OTofbL .
;du|df Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8;sf] lgoGq0f / o;af6 ;+s|ldt Pj+ k|efljt JolStx?nfO{ cGo
gful/s ;/x clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"{ ug{ x/]s tx / tKsfdf sfo{/t ;a}n] plts} rf;f] / ;xof]u
ug'{kg]{ 68sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . /ftf] l/jg sf] k|of]u u/]/ pSt k|ltj4tf xfdLn] klg k/f
ug{ k5{ / Psj4tf hgfpg k5{ .
/ftf] l/agsf] cy{ M Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; hgr]tgf af/] cGt/fli6«o lrGx , Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8;
lj?4 n8fOsf] cfXjfg , Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; nfu]sf JolStx?k|lt lhDd]jf/L tyf rf;f] tyf
Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8;af6 d/]sf ljZjsf nfvf}+ JolQmx?k|lt ;Ddfg xf] .

!=@ 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/ tyf x]/rfx
Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; eP/ af“ lr/x]sf JolStx?nfO{ ;xh, ;/n / ;Ddfgk"0f{ :jf:Yo– hLjg
ofkg ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo]n xfd|f] h:tf] sd ;fwg / ;|f]t ePsf] ;d'bfodf 3/}df pkrf/
tyf x]/rfx ug]{ cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ePsf] xf] . 3/df ul/g] pkrf/ tyf x]/rfx lg/f]wfTds,
k|jw{gfTds, k'gM:yfkgfdf cfwfl/t, bL3{sfnLg :ofxf/ tyf ;+/If0f / cNksfnLg pkrf/ ;]jf
cflbdf ljeflht u/L ug{ ;lsG5 . 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/ tyf x]/rfxdf la/fdLsf cfkmgGt,
3/kl/jf/ tyf 5/l5d]saf6 tTsfn ;xof]u k'Ug] ePsfn] o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L ;]jfsf ?kdf
;xof]u k'Ug] ePsfn] o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L ;]jfsf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .
!=# 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/ tyf x]/rfx ;]jfsf p2]Zox?M
 jf:tljs nlIft JolQm tyf ;d"xdf ;]jf s]lGb|t ug]{,
 k|]if0f (Referal) ;]jfnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg],
 a[xt x]/rfx ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffnfO{ yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg
 :jf:Yosf ;DaGwdf kl/jf/ tyf 5/l5d]snfO{ cem pQ/bfoL agfpg
 pko'St lzIff tyf kl/If0faf6 Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; eP/ af“ lr/x]sf JolSt, 3/
kl/jf/ tyf 5/l5d]snfO{ cem ;zqm agfpg] .
 gh:jf:Yodf x'g] cgfjZos vr{ tyf e|d0fx? Go"gLs/0f ug{] ,
 efjL of]hgfdf jf:tljs nlIft ;d"xsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] .
!=$ ;d'bfo tyf 3/ kl/jf/df cfwfl/t ;]jf lsg cfjZos 5 <
of] ;]jf c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{x?sf] ljsNk xf]Og, ;xof]uL tyf kl/k"/s ;]jf dfq xf]
. ;d'bfo tyf kl/jf/ cfwfl/t ;]jf eg]sf] Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+qmldt tyf k|efljtsf] zf/Ll/s,
;fdflhs, efjgfTds tyf cfWofTdLs cfjZostfx? k'/f ug{ ;d'bfo tyf kl/jf/leq g} lbOg]
;]jf xf] . o;df Pr=cfO={eL= ;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtn] cfkm}n] ug]{ ;]jf, kl/jf/ tyf :g]x ug]
cfkmGthgn] ug]{ ;]jf, cfkm" h:t} Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+qmldt tyf k|efljtn] ug]{ ;]jf /
cfjZostf cg';f/ tfnLdk|fKt :jf:Yo sfo{stf{åf/f lbOg] ;]jfx? x'g . of] ;]jfdf vf;u/L
Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtsf efjgfTds tyf cflTds cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{sf
nflu kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfon] k|oTg ub{5g .
of] ;]jfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+qmldt tyf k|efjltnfO{ ;sf/fTds hLjgofkg u/fpg'
xf] . ;fy} o;n] Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+s|ldt / pgsf kl/jf/sf] lgDg cfjZostfx? k'/f ug{
;xof]u ub{5M
 kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfonfO{ lj/fdLsf] pkrf/ ;]jfnfO{ lgoldt ug{sf nflu ;xof]u ub{5 .
 Pr= cfO{= eL= P8; /f]syfd tyf pkrf/ ;]jfsf] 1fg a9fp“ 5 .
 nfdf] ;do;Dd ;]jf / ;xof]u lng;Sg] agfpg Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+ls|ldt, kl/jf/ tyf
;d'bfonfO{ 1fg lbb} ;zQm kfb{5 .

 kl/jf/÷;d'bfon] ;+s|ldtk|lt ;lhn} :jLsf/ ug{;Sg] / P8; ;DaGwL x]oefjgf sd
ug]{ jftfj/0f agfp“ b5 .
 lj/fdLnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf ePsf ;+:yfdf ;]jf lng ;Sg] u/L tNnf] txaf6
dflyNnf] txdf k|]if0f ug{ jf dflyNNf] txaf6 tNnf] txdf x'g ;Sg] ;]jf k|aGw ug{
dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 .
 ;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtsf nflu u'0f:t/Lo e"ldsf v]Nb5 .
 ;+s|ldt tyf k|efljtsf uflu u'0f:t/Lo ;fd'bflos ;]jfk|fKt ug{ ;xh kfb{5 .
 ;d'bfodf ;]jf k|fKt x'g;Sg] u/L lbuf]?kdf ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug{ ;Sb5 .
!=% ;]jf lbg] s'g s'g If]q ;+nUg /xg ;S5g<
Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|d0fsf] lj:tf/ Jofks eO/x]sf sf/0f o;sf] /f]syfd ug{sf nflu dfq xf]Og,
;d'bfodf /x]sf Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt JolSt tyf kl/jf/nfO{ ;]jf lbg ;dfhsf ;a} If]q / ;d"xsf]
;+nUg x'g' h?/L 5 .
o;sf] cy{ JolSt / ;d"xx? ;+nUg x'g' kb{5 . tL eg]sf Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+s|ldt, kl/jf/ ;b:o,
lxt}ifL ;fyL;“ uL, ;d'bfosf ;b:o cGo Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+s|ldt ePsfx? af6, wfld emflqm,
k'mskmfs], wfld{s ;+3;+:yf, ;+:yf÷u'7L, k'/]t, km]bDjf, u'? nfdf, hg;“ 7g ;b:o, :jf:YosdL{x?,
lrsT;s, k/fdz{bftf x'g ;Sb 5g .
!=^ 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/ tyf x]/rfx ;]jf lsg <
 hg:jf:Yo ;]jf ckof{Kt ePsf] x'gfn] .
 hg:jf:Yosf If]qdf lrlst;s, g;{ tyf cGo hgzlStsf] sdL x'gfn] .
 ;fwg tyf ;|f]tsf] ckof{Kttfn] .
 cf}ifwf]krf/ tyf :ofxf/sf] ått/ dfu ePsf]n] .
 ljBdfg :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df ljz]if pkrf/ tyf :ofxf/ ug]{ :yfgsf] sdL ePsfn] .
 :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf vlr{nf] x'gfn] .
!=& 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/ tyf x]/rfx ;]jf s;n] ug]{ <
 :jf:Yo sfo{stf{
 Pr=cfO{=eL= eP/ af“ lr/x]sf JolStx? / pgLx?sf ;fyL
 ;dflhs sfo{stf{x?
 wfld{s g]tfx?
 k/fdz{ bftfx?
 6L=aL= 86; sfo{stf{x?
 ;fd'bflos :jo;]jsx?
 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? M cfdf– afa', 5f]/f– 5f]/L, >Ldfg– >LdtL, sfsf– sfsL OToflb .
!=* 3/df cfwfl/t :ofxf/ / x]/rfxdf s] s] s'/fx? kb{5g <
 nIf0fsf] cfwf/df k|fylds pkrf/ / b'vfO{sf] Joj:yfkg .

 c:ktfndf k|]if0f ug]{ .
 cNksfnLg pkrf/ .
 cf}iflwsf] ;do Joj:yfkg / k|lts"n c;/x?sf] Joj:yfkg
 kf]if0fo'St vfg]s'/fsf] Joj:yfkg
 ;+a]ufTds ;xof]u -;fyL_
 ;fdflhs cGo ;]jfx?
 cfWoflTds ;xof]u
 clGtd cj:yfdf ul/g] :ofxf/
 eljiosf] of]hgf agfpg ;xof]u
 6L=aL= k/LIf0faf/] ;hu /xg hfgsf/L lbg' OToflb .
!=( P8; ePsf JolStx?sf] x]/ljrf/ ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?
lj/fdLsf] x]/ljrf/ ug{] JolStn] Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/f?M
 7Ls ;dof cf}ifwL tyf vfgf lbg] .
 lgoldt?kdf la/fdLsf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fO/xg] .
 la/fdLsf] x]/ljrf/ s;/L ug]{ eg] af/]df 8fS6/;“ u ;/;Nnfx ul//xg] .
 la/fdLnfO{ zf/Ll/s?kdf dfq geO{ dfgl;s / efjgfTds ;xof]u lbg] .
 nfdf] ;do;Dd la/fdLsf] x]/ljrf/ ubf{ lbSs nfUg', l/; p7g' :jfefljs} xf] . o:tf]
a]nfdf ;fyLefO tyf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox?;“ u dbt tyf ;xof]u lng] .
 eljiodf cfO{kg{;Sg] s'g} klg cfsl:ds cj:yfsf] nflu klxNo}b]lv g} tof/ /xg] /
cfjZos kg{;Sg] ;|f]t ;fwgx? h'6fpg] .
 x]/ljrf/ ug]{ JolStn] Pr=cfO{=eL= / o;sf] pkrf/ ;DaGwL ;s];Dd w]/} 1fg xfl;n
ug]{ .
!=( -s_ la/fdLsf] x]/ljrf/ ug{ JolStn] cfÎgf] ;'/Iff s;/L ug]{ s'/fx? <
 lj/fdLsf] x]/ljrf/ ug]{ JolStn] la/fdLsf] kmf]xf]/ -/ut, kLk, jLo{, lb;f, lk;fa cflb_
;kmf ubf{ /a/sf] k~hf nufpg] .
 la/fdLsf] bf“ t df¤g] a'?;, an]8 -kQL_ tyf 5fnf sf6g] jf /utsf] ;Dks{df cfpg]
wfl/nf ;fdfgx?sf] ;f6f;f6 slxNo} gug]{ .
 Pr=cfO{=eL= tyf P8; ePsf JolQm / x]/ljrf/ ug]{ JolSt b'a}n] cfÎgf] z/L/df ePsf
3fpx?nfO{ 5f]k]/ /fVg] .
 x]/ljrf/ ug]{ qmddf l;l/~h, An]8 h:tf wfl/nf cf}hf/x? k|of]u ePdf ltgnfO{ vfN8f]
vg]/ k"/L lbg] cyjf cfuf]df hnfO{ lbg] .
 la/fdLn] k|of]u u/]sf tGgf tyf n'ufx? km]l/;s]kl5 / ;/– ;kmfO ul/;s] kl5
;kmf;“ u ;fa'g jf v/fgL kfgLn]xft w'g] .
 la/fdL x]/ljrf/ ubf{ cfÎgf] z/L/df ePsf 3fpx?nfO{ 5f]k]/ /fVg' kb{5 .

!=( -v_ lj/fdLsf n'ufkmf6f ;kmf ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx?
 la/fdLsf] /ut, lb;f, lj;fa, kLk, jLo{, k;Lgf clbn] leh]sf] n'ufx?nfO{ 3/df k|of]u
ul/g] cGo n'ufx? eGbf a]Un} /v]/ w'g] .
 gleh]sf] 7fp“ df ;dft]/ /ut, lb;f, lk;fa cflb kmf]x/nfO{ kG5fpg] .
 ;Dej ePdf o:tf n'ufx?nfO{ @) ldg]6;Dd lAnr jf Snf]l/g kfgLdf lehfP/ /fVg].
 To;kl5 n'ufx?nfO{ ;fa'gn] wf]P/ 3fddf ;'sfpg] .
 la/fdL n'ufx? w'“ bf jf kvfNbfv]/L ;s];Dd l86f]n kfgL k|of]u ug{] .
 lj/fdLn] k|ofu u/]sf n'ufkmf6fx?nfO{ w'g' eGbf cufl8 lAnr jf ;/km kfgLdf s]xL
;do lehfP/ vfVg' k5{

efu – @
Pr= cfO{= eL= tyf P8; af/] hfgsf/L
@=! kl/ro – Pr=cfO{=eL= eg]sf] dfgj z/L/df dfq af“ Rg ;Sg] Pp6f z'Id hLjf0f' xf] .
o;n] dfgj z/L/df epsf] /f]u;“ u n8g ;Sg] k|lt/f]wfTds zlQmnfO{ gi6 ub{5 . h;n]
ubf{ Pr=cfO=eL= ;+qmldt JolStnfO{ kl5 uP/ P8; x'G5 . Pr=cfO{=eL=eg]sf] cf“ vfn] b]Vg
g;lsg] Ps clt ;fgf] hLjf0f' -efO/;_ xf] . Pr=cfO=eL cfkm}df /f]u xf]Og . of] Pr=cfO=eL
efO/; dfgj z/L/df k|j]z u/] kl5 z/L/sf] /f]u;“ u n8g] Ifdtf JolStaf6 cGo
JolStx?nfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL ;g{ ;Sb5 .
P8; eg]sf] Pp6f o:tf] cj:yf xf], h;df Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt JolStsf] z/L/sf] k|lt/Iff
zlStdf sdL eP/ ljleGg /f]usf ls6f0f'x?n] ;hLn};“ u cfs|d0f ub{5g . kl/0ffd :j?k
;+qmldt JolStdf ljleGg cj;/jfbL /f]usf nIf0fx? b]vfkb{5g . Pr=cfO{=eL= / P8; ePsf
JolStx?k|lt dfof, ;xof]u / /fd|f] x]/rfx lbg ;s] / pgLx?n] hLjg k|lt ;sf/fTds ;f]r
lnP/ lgoldt k/fdz{ / kl/If0f u/L ;dodfg} Pr=cfO{=eL= cf}ifwLsf] k|of]u ug{ ;s]df :jf:Yo
hLjg hLpg ;S5g .
@=@ Pr=cfO{=eL= (HIV) eg]sf] s] xf] <
H = Human -dfgj+_
I = Immuno Deffciency -/f]u k|lt/f]wfTds sdL_
V = Virus -lhjf0f'_
Pr cfO{ eL ;+qmd0f ePdf s] x'G5 <
Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+qmd0f ePsf] t'¿Gt} yfxf gx'g ;S5 . s]xL dflg;x¿nfO{ Hj/f] cfpg], 6fpsf]
b'Vg], 3f“ 6L b'Vg], z/L/sf] df+zk]zL, hf]gL{, k]6 b'Vg], u|GyL ;'lgP/ cfpg], 5fnfdf vl6/f
cfpg] cflb nIf0fx¿ Ps jf b'O{ xKtfsf] cjlwdf b]vf kb{5 . k|foM h;f] dflg;x¿n] o;nfO{
¿3fvf]sL -ˆn"_ nfu]sf] ;f]r]sf x'G5g eg] s;} s;}df s'g} nIf0f g} b]vf gkg{ klg ;Qm5 .
z/L/df ;+qmd0f eP kl5 xKtf} jf dlxgf} o;sf] hLjf0f' ;+Vofdf j[l4 x'G5 t/ o; ;dodf /f]u
k|lt/f]w zlStnfO{ vf;} c;/ kf/]sf] x'b}g . /utsf] hf“ rdf klg hLjf0f' e]l6b}g t/ c¿
JolStnfO{ eg] ;lhn} ;fg{ ;S5 .
kl5 ha lj:tf/} o; hLjf0f'n] z/L/sf] k|lt/f]wfTds zlStnfO{ c;/kfg{ z'¿ u5{ . o;n] z/L/df
k|lt/IffTds zlSt (antibodies) agfpg yfN5 . To;kl5 /ut hf“ r ubf{ Pr=cfO{=eL=
;+qmldt g} 5 eGg] klxrfg x'G5 . of] /f]u nflu ˆn" h:tf] nIf0f b]lv;s]kl5 sltko /f]uL !)
jif{ jf Tof] eGbf j9L ;do;Dd lg/f]uL jf :j:Yf /xg ;S5g . t/ o; ;dodf of] hLjf0f'n]
z/L/df ePsf] /f]u k|lt/f]w zlStnfO{ lj:tf/} gi6 ub}{ n}hfG5 .

k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLdf ePsf] Ifltsf] u0fgf ug]{ Pp6f pkfo /f]uLsf] ;L=8L= $ sf] sf]ifsf]
u0fgf ug'{ xf] . oL sf]ifx¿nfO{ l6 x]Nk/ sf]if klg elgG5 . h'g xfd|f] k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLsf]
dxTjk'0f{ c+u x'g . Pp6f :j:y dflg;sf] Ps ldlnln6/ (1 ml) /utdf %)) b]lv !%)) ;Dd
l; 8L $ sf]ifx¿ x'G5g .
pkrf/ ePg eg] oL k|lt/Iff k|0ffnLsf sf]ifx¿sf] ;+Vof gi6 eO 36b} hfG5 . Pr=cfO{=eL= sf
nIf0fx¿ b]vf kg{ yfN5, h:t}M Hj/f] cfO{/xg], /ftL kl;gf cfpg], emf8f kvfnf nfUg], u|GyLx¿
;'lGgg] cflb x'G5g . olb Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf xf] eg] oL nIf0fx¿ s]lx lbg b]lv
xKtf}+;Dd Psgf;;+u /lx/xg ;S5g .
@=# P8; (AIDS) eg]sf] s] xf] <
A = Acquired -cflh{g, j+zfg'ut xf]Og_
I = Immune -z/L/sf] /f]u k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm_
D = Defficiency -x|f; x'g' jf sfd x'g'_
S = Syndrome -ljleGg/f]usf] lrGx / nIf0fx?sf] ;d"x_
P8; ePsf] s;/L yfxf kfpg] <
hj Pr=cfO{=eL= /f]u nfu]sf] dflg;sf] z/L/sf] k|lt/Iff k|0ffnLdf ulDe/ ¿kn] Iflt k'Ub5 . tj
To;nfO{ P8; ePsf] elgG5 . olb tkfO{sf] ;L8L kmf]/ (CD4) sf]if{x¿ @)) eGbf sd cyjf
;L8L kmf]/ !$ k|ltzt eGbf sd ePdf tkfO{nfO{ P8; ePsf] elgG5 . olb tkfO{nfO{
df}sfk/s -cj;/jfbL_ ;+qmd0fx¿n] cfqmd0f ub{5g eg] tkfO{nfO{ P8; ePsf] elgG5 .
s] P8; /f]u lgsf] x'G5 <
of] /f]u lgsf] x'g ;Sb}g . hLjf0f' lj/f]wL cf}iflw pkrf/ sf]] k|of]ujf6 Pr=cfO{=eL= lhjf0f'nfO{
sdL ul/ z/L/sf] k|fs[lts k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm gi6 x'g jf6 s]xL xb;Dd /f]Sg ;lsG5 . w]/}
dflg;x¿ P= cf/= 6L= cf}iflw nuftf/ vfO{/x]df w]/};Dd afFRg ;S5g . z/L/af6 Pr=cfO{=eL=
x6fO{ /f]u g} lgsf] kfg{ eg] ;lsb}g . cGo cf}ifwLx¿n] df}sfk/s ;+qmd0fnfO{ /f]syfd ug{ /
pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . k|fo h;f] cj:yfx¿df lo cf]iflwx¿n] w]/} /fd|f] sfd ub{5g . clwsf+;
df}sfk/s ;+qmd0fx¿sf] b/nfO{ 36fpg gofF / z;Qm P cf/ eLx¿n] ;xof]u k'¥ofO /x]sf 5g .
oBlk s]lx df}sfk/s ;+qmd0fx¿sf] pkrf/ ug{ w]/}g} sl7gfO{ kb{5 .
@=$ Pr= cfO{= eL= ;+s|d0fePsf] kl/If0f tyf cGo hf“ rx? .
Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] ;+qmd0f kZrft z/L/df b]lvg] nIf0f c? /f]usf] h:t} x'g] x'gfn] /f]uLsf]
klxrfg ug{ sl7gfO{ x'G5 . To; sf/0f Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt eP gePsf] a'emg] Pp6} e/kbf}{
eg]sf] /ut hf“ r (Blood Test) xf] .
PrcfO{eL k/LIf0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

Pr=cfO{=eL= k/LIf0fdf olb tkfO+{ dfgj k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLnfO{ gi6kfg]{ hLjf0f'af6 ;ª qmldt
x'g'ePsf] 5 eg] tkfO+nfO{ o;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ P8; x'G5 eGg] a'lemG5 . oL kl/If0fx¿
Pr=cfO{=eL==æk|lt/f]wfTdsÆ zlQm x]g{sf] nflu ul/G5 . k|lt/IffTds zlQm -P06Ljl8h_
z/L/sf] k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLn] pTkfbg ug]{ ljz]if ls6f0f'sf] lj¿¢df n8g] k|f]l6g xf] . hj
dflg;x¿nfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL=af6 ;+s|ldt eO;s]sf] yfxf x'G5 tj cGo Pr=cfO{=eL= k/LIf0fx¿
ul/G5 . oL k/LIf0fx¿af6 hLjf0f'x¿ slt l56f] j[l¢ e}/fv]sf] 5 eg]/ x]l/G5 .
k/LIf0f slxn] ug'{ kb{5 <
olb tkfO+{ Pr=cfO{=eL=af6 ;+s|ldt x'g'eof] eg] tkfO+{sf] k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLn] PrcfO{eLsf]
la¿4 k|lt/IffTds zlQm -P06Lj8Lh_ pTkfbg ug{ b'O{{ xKtfb]lv b'O{ dlxgf;Dd nfU5 . olb
tkfO+{nfO{ nfU5 ls tkfO{+ Pr=cfO{=eL=sf] ;+k{sdf cfpg' ePsf] 5 eg] o;sf] k/LIf0fsf] nflu
b'O{ dlxgf kv{g' k5{ . k/LIf0faf6 b]Vg ;lsg]u/L kof{Kt dfqfdf k|lt/f]wfTds pTkfbg ePsf]
5}g eg] k]ml/ b'O{ cyjf tLg dlxgfdf k/LIf0f ug'{ kb{5 . o; æ‰ofnL cj:yfÆ -
ljG8f]lkl/o8_ df ;+s|d0fsf]] glthf gsf/fTds x'g;S5 t/ tkfO{+ ;s|ldt x'g'x'G5 eg] tkfO+{n]
c¿x¿nfO{{ ;fg{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
sl/j % k|ltzt dflg;df k|lt/IffTds zlQm pTkfbg ug{ b'O{ dlxgf eGbf a9L nfUb5 .
Pr=cfO{=eL=sf] ;Dks{ ePsf] Ps jif{;Dd klg k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm kQf nfUb}g k|fo ;j}
PrcfO{eL ;ª s|d0f tLg dlxgf / 5 dlxgfsf] k/LIf0fdf kQf nfUb5 . tyflk s'g} JolQmdf
Pr=cfO{=eL= k/LIf0fsf] nflu olt g} j]nf ko{fKt dfqfdf k|lt/IffTds zlSt pTkfbg x'g}k5{
eGg] s'g} lglZrttf eg] 5}g . olb tkfO{+df o:tf s'g} pNn]v ug{ g;lsg] nIf0fx¿ b]vfk/]df
tkfO+{n] ;DjlGwt :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfosx¿;u ;Dk{s u/L k]m/L Pr=cfO{=eL= k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
PrcfO{eL :jf:Yo hfFr ;"rL -r]slni6_
;L 8L $ -6L– ;]n_ u0fgfM of] k/LIf0fn] tkfO{sf] z/L/sf] k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLsf] tfut
gfkrfFh ug]{ 5 . o;n] tkfO{sf] z/L/df cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx¿sf] ljsfz x'g] vt/faf/] klg
;+s]t u5{. glthf hlt pRr cfpF5 Tolt /fd|f] x'G5 . klxn] Pp6f cfwf/ /]vfsf] k|f/lDes
k/LIf0f lng'xf]; clg kl5 x/]s # jf $ dlxgfdf k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; olb ;Dej 5 eg] .
cfwf//]vf Pp6f k|f/lDes ;+s]t -hfgsf/L_ d"No xf] . of] w]/}h;f] klxnf] k/LIf0fdf PrcfO{eL
kf]lh6Le b]lvPdf gfkhfFr ul/G5 jf hLjf0f' lj/f]wL pkrf/ ;'¿ ubf{ ul/G5 .
hLjf0f' ef/M o;n] Pr=cfO{=eL= slt u'0ff l56f] a[l4 eO{/x]5 gfkhfFr u5{ . glthf hltsd
cfp“ 5 Tolt g} /fd|f] x'G5 . ;a}eGbf /fd|f] æge]l6Psf]Æ xf] t/ o;sf] dtna …;"GoÚ eg]
xf]Og . of] k/LIf0fn] tkfO{+sf] pkrf/n] slt /fd|f] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] b]vfpF5 . klxn] Pp6f
cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; / x/]s # jf $ dlxgfdf k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; .

hLjf0f" ef/jxg Ifdtf k/LIf0f M o;n] olb tkfO{sf] Pr=cfO{=eL= n] :j¿k kl/jt{g u/L h;af6
s'g} cf}ifwLx¿n] o;sf] la¿4 sfd ug{ g;Sg] /x]5 eg] b]vfp“ 5 . cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg'
xf]; . tj, olb tkfO{n] ul//x]sf] pkrf/af6 hLjf0f" ef/ !))) eGbf sd u/fPg eg] k"gM
k/LIf0f uf/fpg' xf]; .
k"0f{ /Qm u0fgf -;L=jL=;_ M of] k/LIf0fn] /ftf] /Qm sf]lifsf, ;]tf] /Qm sf]lifsf / Kn]6]n]6; -
To:tf] sf]lifsf h;n] zl//sf] s'g} c+udf sf6bf /ut aUg aGb ug{ d2t u5{_ . of] ;fwf/0f
vfnsf] /Qm k/LIf0f xf] . cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f / x/]s # b]lv ^ dlxgfdf k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; .
/;fogsf] efu k/LIf0fM of] k/LIf0fsf] ;d"xn] tkfO{sf] z/L/n] 7Ls;+u sfd ul//x]sf] 5 ls 5}g
eGg] x]g{ tkfO{sf] /utdf ljljw /;fogx¿sf] dfkg u5{ . cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f / x/]s # b]lv ^
dlxgfdf k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; . olb tkfO{ sn]hf] jf d[uf}nfnfO{ c;/ ug]{ cf}iflw ;]jg ul//xg'
ePsf] eP cem w]/} k6s k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; .
6f]S;f]KnfHdf Pn=hL=hLM o;n] olb tkfO{ slxNo} 6f]S;f]Knf:df]l;;af6 ;+s|ldt ePsf] eP
b]vfpF5 . cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg'xf]; . olb kl/0ffd kf]lhl6e eP / ;L=8L= $ u0fgf !))
eGbf tn em/]df, tkfO{sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{n] 6f]S;f]Knf;df]l;;af6 /f]syfd ug{ cf}iflw
;'¿ug{ ;S5g .
/utdf af];f] -lnlk8sf] dfu_M k/LIf0fM o;n] 6«f]lUn;l/8; / sf]n]:6f]/nsf] dfqf gfkhfFr
ul/G5 . o;n] tkfO{sf] x[bo /f]usf] vt/f b]vfpg d4t u5{ . cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg'xf]; /
slDtdf x/]s aif{ jf olb /utsf] jf];f]sf] :t/ a9fpg] cf}iflw vfO{ /xg' ePsf] eP cem w]/}
k6s k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; . of] k/LIf0f /fte/L s]xL gvfO{ laxfg ;a]/} u/fpg' k5{ .
/utdf lrgLM
kl/df0fM o;n] dw'd]x jf Og;'lngsf] ef/jxg Ifdtf gfkhf“ r u5{ . cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f /
sl/a ! aif{df k"gM k/LIf0f u/fO{/xg' xf]; . of] k/LIf0f /fte/L s]xL gvfO{ laxfg ;a]/} u/fpg'
k5{ .
u'Ktfª ux¿sf] -Kofk :d]o/_ lrKnf] kbfy{ k/LIf0fM u'åf/ jf of}gfËsf] c;fwf/0f vfnsf]
sf]lifsfx¿sf] k/LIf0f ul/G5 . cwf//]vf k/LIf0f / aif{df Ps k6s jf olb c;fdfGo sf]lifsf
e]l6Pdf w]/} k6s k/LIf0f u/fpg'xf]; . ;]ld{sn Kofk :d]o/ -of}gfËsf] lrKnf] kbfy{sf] k/LIf0f_
dlxnfx¿sf] :t/Lo k/LIf0f xf] . P]gn Kofk :d]o/ -u'åf/sf] lrKnf] kbfy{ k/LIf0f_ w]/} h;f]
s]Gb|x¿df dlxnf / k'¿if b'j}sf] ul/G5 .
Ifo/f]u rd{ k/LIf0fM olb tkfO{nfO{ slxNo} 6L=jL= -Ifo/f]u_ nfu]sf] eP b]vfpF5 . cfwf//]vf
k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; . tkfO{nfO{ olb Ifo/f]u nfUg] pRr vt/f b]lvof] eg] aif{df Ps k6s
k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; . kf]lhl6e kl/0ffd cfPdf yk k/LIf0f jf pkrf/ u/fpg kg]{ x'G5 . olb

tkfO{sf] ;L=8L= $ u0fgf 36L ePdf of] k/LIf0f sd} dfq ;xL x'g ;S5 . ha tkfO{sf] ;L=8L=
$ u0fgf pRr x'Gg cfjZos 5 eg] k"gM k/LIf0f bf]x¥ofpg' xf]; . s'g} :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfosx¿
cb[io -n's]sf]_ Ifo/.f]usf] ;s|d0f x]g{ 5fnfsf] k/LIf0fsf] ;§f /utsf] k/LIf0f ub{5g . 5ftLsf]
PS;/]n] 5fnfsf] k/LIf0fdf cb[io Ifo/]fusf] ;+s|d0f x]g{ yk d2t lbG5
o"l/gnfOl;; -lk;fa k/LIf0f_M lk;fjdf k|f]6Lg, lrgL jf ;ª qmd0fsf] lrGx x]l/G5 .
cfwf//]vfsf] k/LIf0f u/fpg'xf]; / olb d[uf}nfnfO{ c;/ ug]{ cf}ifwLx¿ vfO{ /xg' ePsf] 5 eg]
k/LIf0f u/fO{ /xg'xf]; . of}gls|ofaf6 ;g]{ /f]ux¿sf] k/LIf0fx¿M cfwf//]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg'xf]; /
olb tkfO{nfO{ lgDg nIf0fx¿ ePdf jf slDtdf aif{df Ps k6s k/LIf0f u/fpg'xf];
 le¿lËM /ut k/LIf0f
 ugf]/f]xf]O{ofM -of}gf+udf kf]Ng] 3fp x'g] /f]u_ k'¿ifsf] nflu lk;fasf] k/LIf0f, dlxnfsf]
nflu lk;fa jf of}gf+usf] lrKnf] kbfy{sf] k/LIf0f, d'v d}y'g jf u'åf/ d}y'g ug]{
dflg;x¿sf] 3f“ 6L jf u'åf/sf] lrKnf] kbfy{sf] k/LIf0f ul/G5 .
 Rnfd]l8ofM -of}gf+udf lrnfpg]_ lk;fa k/LIf0f jf :qL of}gf+usf] lrKnf] k/LIf0f .
x]kf6fO6L; k/LIf0f M of] k/LIf0faf6 x]kf6fO6L; z/L/ k|lt/f]w lj/f]wL / x]kf6fO6L; P, aL= /
;L= sf] j+z lj/f]wL tTj x]l/G5 . kf]lhl6e kl/0ffd cfPdf yk k/LIf0f, pkrf/ jf vf]k
cfjZos kg{ ;S5 .
ljz]ifvfnsf] k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0fM xf8sf] wgTj :sfg -O{n]S6«f]lgs_ k/LIf0fM cfwf//]vf k/LIf0fn]
olb tkfO{ w"d|kfg, pd]/ jf cGo vt/fhGo ljifox¿sf] sf/0f xf8sf] wgTj u'dfpFb} hfg'
ePsf] 5 eg] b]vfpg d2t u5{ .
Pr=cfO{=eL= 6«f]lkhd +M o;n] olb tkfO{sf] hLj0f' Pp6f gofF lsl;dsf] hLjf0f' lj/f]wL cf}iflwn]
lgoGq0f ug{ ;S5 ls Tof] b]vfpF5 . olb tkfO{sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf x]/rfx ug]{n] ;L=;L=cf/= %
leif]ws -Ans/_ sf] k|of]u ug{ rflx/x]sf] 5 eg] dfq k/LIf0f u/fpg' xf]; .
Go"df]lgofM PrcfO{eL ePsf dflg;nfO{ ul/g] arfj6 % aif{;Dd x'G5 .
x]kf6fO6L; M b'Ocf]6f x]kf6fO6L; P sf] vf]ksf] dfqf lbOG5 . x]kf6fO6L;– aL sf] EofS;Lg -
vf]k_ sf] tLg dfqf lbOG5 . x]kf6fO6L; ;L sf] s'g} vf]k 5}g . ˆn" -¿3fvf]sL Hj/_ sf] cf}iflw
hf8f]ofddf ;a} PrcfO{eL ePsf dflg;nfO{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . PrcfO{eL ePsf dflg;n]
gfsdf ;'£g] ˆn'ldi6 k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g . PrcfO{eL ePsf dflg;n] 6L6fg; / l8Ky]l/ofsf
EoflS;g bz aif{df Ps k6s eGbf a9L lng' x'Fb}g jf rf]6k6s nfu]df % aif{ kl5 g} lng
;lsG5 . bfb'/f, xf8] / hd{g bfb'/f -7]pnf_ sf] vf]kn] ;fdfGotM hLjge/nfO{ ;+/If0f lbG5 .
olb aRrf 5b} tkfO{n] oL vf]k lng kfpg' ePsf] 5}g eg] tkfO{n] Pp6f Pd Pd cf/ vf]k lng
;Sg' x'G5 . t/, ;L 8L $ u0fgf @)) eGbf sd ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ oL hLjgbfoL vf]k
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf 5}gg .

@=% Pr=cfO{=eL=s;/L ;b}{g <
kl/jf/df ;“ u} a:bf, Pp6} rlk{sf] k|of]u ubf{, Pp6} sf“ uLof]sf] k|of]u ubf{, xft ldnfp“ bf,
Pp6} ef“ 8fdf vf“ bf / kfgL lkp“ bf, nfd'66]sf] 6f]sfOaf6, lj/fdLnfO{ :ofxf/ ;';f/ ubf{,
DjfO{ -r'Djg_ vf“ bf, ;“ u} kf}8L v]Nbf .
@=^ Pr=cfO{=eL= nfu] kl5 s] x'G5 <
Pr=cfO{=eL=n] z/L/sf] /f]u;“ u n8g] zlStnfO{ gi6 ub{5 . Pr=cfO{=eL= nfu]sf] JolStnfO{
/f]ux?n] cfs|d0f ub{5 . h:t}M Ifo/f]u, lgdf]lgof O{Toflb .Pr=cfO{=eL= nfu]sf] JolSt w]/}
jif{;Dd klg :j:Yo b]lvg ;S5 .
@=& P8;sf k|d'v nIf0fx?M
 PsfPs z/L/sf] tf}n !) k|ltzfsf eGbf al9 36b} hfg' . -b'Anf] b]lvg'_
 Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L ;do ;Dd nuftf/ Hj/f] cfO/xg' .
 Ps dlxgfeGbf a9L ;do ;Dd nuftf/ ?kdf emf8f kvfnf nflu/xg' .
 z/L/sf] ljleGg efusf u|GyLx? ;'lGgg' .
Pr=cfO{=eL= kf]lhl6e eg]sf] Pr=cfO{=eL= hLjf0f' ;+s|d0f ePsf] cj:yfxf] . ;+s|d0f x'g' eg]sf]
s'g} klg /f]u nufpg] ;"Id hLjf0f' z/L/df k|j]z ePsf] To;sf] ;+Vof a[l4 eO/x]sf] cj:yf xf]
. z/L/df ;"Id hLjf0f'n] To;sf] ;+Vof a[l4 ug{ kfPg eg] s'g}klg ;+s|d0fn] jif}{;Dd /f]usf]
?kdf lsf; x'g kfp“ b}g . of] s'/f Pr=cfO{=eL= kf]lhl6e ePsf] cj:yfdf klg nfu" x'G5 .
;+qmd0f ljsf; ePsf] cj:yfdf klg nfu" x'G5 . ;+qmd0f ljsf; eP/ /f]u x'g] gx'g] eGg]
s'/fnfO{ JolStsf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf, p;sf] /xg;xg / vfgkLg cflbn] Hofb} k|efj kfb{5 . of]
s'/f Pr=cfO{=eL= kf]lhl6e JolStsf] xsdf klg nfu' x'G5 . o;}sf/0f s'g} JolStnfO{
Pr=cfO{=eL= ePsf] Psb'O{[ jif{d} P8; x'G5 s;}s;}df %– !) jif{;Dd klg ePsf] kfOb}g .
;+qmd0faf6 P8sf] cj:yfdf k'Ug l9nf] u/fpg] ca cf}iflwx? klg pknAw ePsf 5g, h;n]
Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|d0f cjlwnfO{ nlDaofO{ P8;sf] cj:yfdf k'Ug l9nf] u/fp5g . To;}n]
Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt JolSt jiff}{;Dd :j:y /xg ;S5g .
@=* Pr= cfO{= eL= / P8; ;+s|d0fsf r/0fx?
u'Kt cj:yfM Pr=cfO={eL= ;+s|d0f eP klg k/LIf0f ubf{ yfxf gx'g] cj:yfnfO{ u'Kt cj:yf
(Window Stage) elgG5 . o; cj:yfnfO{ g]kfnLdf ¤ofnL cj:yf eg]/ cg'jfb ul/Psf] 5 ,
t/ xfdLn] o; k':tsdf o; cj:yfdf kl/If0f ubf{ yfxf gkfOg] t/ /utdf x'g]ePsfn] u'Kt
cj:yf eg]sf 5f} . of] hLjf0f' z/L/df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 b]lv !@ xKtf;Dd /utdf x'g] ePsfn]
u'Kt cj:yf eg]sf] 5f} . of] hLjf0f' z/L/df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 blv !@ xKtf;Dd /ut k/LIf0f
ubf{klg Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmd0f eP– gePsf] k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lsb}g, t/ of] cj:yfdf c;'/lIft
of]g;Dks{ jf /utsf] dfWodaf6 Pr=cfO{=eL= ;g{ ;S5 .

afxs cj:yfM o; cj:Yfdf /ut k/LIf0f ubf{ z/L/df Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmd0f eP gePsf]
lglZrt x'G5 . of] cj:yfnfO{ afxs eP gePsf] lglZrt x'G5 . of] cj:yfnfO{ afxs cj:yf
(Carrier Stage) elgG5 . of] cj:yfdf klg c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{ jf /utsf] dfWodaf6
Pr=nfO{=eL= ;g{ ;S5 . of] cj:yfdf Pr=cfO{=eL= ePsf] JolQmnfO{ x]bf{ ;fdfGo JolQm;/x
;/;kmfO{, ;a}af6 ;xof]u / /fd|f] Jojxf/ kfPdf l5§} P8sf] cj:yfdf k'Ub}g . o;f] ug]{x?
!)– !% jif{ b]lv :j:y / ;lqmo /x]/ hLjg u'hfl//x]sf x'G5g .
P8; cj:yfM P8; cj:ytf (AIDS stage) eg]sf] PrnfO{eL ;+s|d0fsf] kl5Nnf] cj:yf xf] .
of] eg]sf] JolQmsf] z/L/sf] k|lt/IffTds k|0ffnL sdhf]/ eO;s]sf] cj:yf xf] . o; cj:yfdf
;fdfGo ;qmd0f jf /f]ux? lj?4 n8g ;Sg] Ifdtf klg /xb}g, h;n] ubf{ ljleGg cj;/jfbL
/f]ux? Pp6} jf ;fd'lxs ?kdf b]vfk5{g, h;sf] jf/Djf/ pkrf/ u/fO/xg' kb{5, gu/] s]xL
jif{ k5fl8 lj/fdLsf] d[To' x'G5 . xfn Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] ;+Vof a[l4 x'g /f]sL /f]uLsf] cfo'
a9fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cf}iflwo'Qm (Anti Retroviral Therapy) klg pknAw 5 .
@=( Pr= cfO{= eL= kf]lhl6e x'“ b}df dl/b}g
dw'd]x ePsf JolQmn] cfjZos kyk/x]h, cfxf/ljxf/ tyf pkrf/ gu/]] s] x'G5 < o;f] gu/]
To:tf] JolQmsf] ladf/ a9b} hfG5, ynf kf5{ / rf“ 8} d[To' x'G5 . o;/L g} Pr=cfO{=eL=
kf]lhl6e JolQmn] klg cfjZos kyk/x]h / cfxf/ljxf/df Wofg glbP ;+s|d0f a95 / P8;
rf8} x'G5 tyf pkrf/ gu/] p;sf] rf“ 8} g} d[To' x'g ;S5 . cfjZos kyk/x]h cfxf/ljxf/
tyf pkrf/ ug]{ubf{ s'g} klg :jf:Yo ;d:of /f]usf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'g ;Sb}g . nfdf]
;do;Dd af“ Rg ;lsG5 . of] s'/f Pr=cfO{=eL= kf]lhl6e JolQmsf nflu klg ;f“ rf] xf] .
h;/L dw'd]xsf] ladf/ a9g glbg vfgklg / cfxf/laxf/sf] e"ldsf x'G5 , To;/L g}
Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|d0f a9g glbO{ P8; x'g glbg klg vfglkg / cfxf/laxf/sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 . h:t} dw'd]xsf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg] cf]iflwx? 5g To:t} xfn P8; eO;s]klg hLjf0f'sf]
;+Vof a[l4 x'g glbg] cf]iflwx? pknAw 5g . ca P8; x'gf;fy dl/b}g eGg] zfcf klg
knfPsf] 5 .
@=!) Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8;nfO{ s;/L lgoGq0f ug{ ;slG5 <
clxn];Dd Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8;sf] k"0f{ lgsf] kfg]{ cf}ifwL kQf nflu ;s]sf] 5}g . x'g t z/L/sf] k|lt/Iff
k|0ffnLnfO{ a9fpg] cf}ifwLx? gePsf xf]OGg t/ tL w]/} dx“ uf 5g . To; sf/0f o;af6 a]n}df
hf]lug' cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu xfdLn] xfd|f] tkm{af6 lgDg Jojxf/x? ckgfpg ;Sb5f} .
 bDktL aLr jf Pshfgf ljZjfl;nf] ;fyL;“ u dfq of]g ;Dks{ /fVg] . cGoq of}g ;Dk{s
/fVg' k/]sf] v08df s08dsf] ;w} ;xL k|of]u ug]{ .
 cfkm"n] hfg]sf] Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8; tyf of}g ;fyLnfO{ pkrf/sf nflu k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
 of}g/f]u tyf Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8;sf] af/]df hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;"rgf, lzIff tyf ;+rf/
;fdfu|Lx? cWoog ug]{ tyf ;DalGwt sfo{stf{x?;“ u ;Dks{ /fVg] .

@=!! Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8;sf] aRgsf nflu xfdL ;a}n] ;lDem/fVg'kg]{ d'Vo s'/fx?M
A = Abstinence
-;lsG5 eg] of]g ;Dks{ g} gug]{ cyf{t a|xdro{df /xg]+_ cyjf,
B=Be Faithful to your partner
-Ps hgf ljzjfl;nf] ;fyL;“ u dfq of]g;Dks{ sfod /fVg]_ cyjf,
C=Correct and consistent condom use
-cyjf of]g ;Dks{ ug'{k/] ;w} s08d 7Ls t/Lsfn] k|of]u ug]{_
@=!@ Pr=cfO{=eL= P8;af6 aRg] pkfox?M
 ljjfxk"j{ of}g ;DaGw g/fVg] jf ljjfx;Dd kv{g] .
 ljZjfl;nf] aGg] jf >Ldfg >LdtL aLrdfq of]g ;Dks{ /fVg] .
 >Ldfg >LdtL afx]s cGo JolStx?;“ u ofg ;Dks{ /fVg' k/]df s08dsf] ;xL k|of]u ug]{ .
 /ut jf /utaf6 ag]sf kbfy{x? hf“ r u/]/ dfq k|of]u ug]{ .
 ;'O{÷l;l/Gh tyf cGo 5fnf 5]8g] cf}hf/x? k|of]u ubf{ gof“ tyf lgd{nLs/0f u/]/
dfq k|of]u ug]{ .
 Pr=cfO{=eL ;+s|ldt dlxnfx?n] ue{wf/0f ug'{ cufl8 :jf:YosdL{;“ u k/fdz{ lng].
@=!# Pr= cfO{= eL= k}mng hf]lvd 36fpg] pkfox? M
!=of}g ls|ofdf 9fn k|of]u ug'{ xf]; .
@=cf}iflw k|of]u ug]{ l;of]sf] ;fd'lxs k|of]u gug'{ xf]; .
#= olb t“ kfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt / ue{jtL x'g' x'G5 eg] tFkfO{sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfos ;+u
PG6L /]G6«f]efO/n (ART) lng] ;+aGwdf s'/f ug'{ xf]; .
$= olb tFkfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt dlxnf x'g' x'G5 eg] s'g} klg aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg gu/fpg' xf]; .
%= /utsf] ;Dks{af6 tFkfO{sf] sf6]sf] 7fp, vNnf 3fp, cfFvfx? d'vnfO{ ;+w} ;'/lIft /fVg' xf]; .
efu #
of}g /f]u af/] hfgsf/L .
#=! of}g /f]u eg]sf] s] xf] < s;/L ;b{5 <
 d'VotM of}g ;+s|d0f÷/f]u ePsf] JolQm;“ u s08d gnufO{ of}g ;Dks{ /fVbf ;g]{ /
/f]unfO{ of}g /f]u elgG5 .
#=@ of}g /f]usf k|d'v nIf0fx?M
 dlxnf / k'?if b'a}df of}g c+u -of]gL, lnË_ jl/k/L 3fp vl6/f cfpg] .
 k'?ifsf] lnËaf6 kLk aUg] .
 dlxnfsf] of]gLaf6 uGxfpg] ;]tf] kfgL nuftf/ aUg] .
 dlxnfsf] tNnf] k]6 nuftf/ b'Vg] .

 lnËaf6 lkk aUg' / wft' aUg] ub{5 .
 of]gLaf6 c;fw/0f uGxfpg] kfgL aUg] ub{5 .
 tNnf] k]6 b'Vg] ub{5 .
 of]gL jl/kl/ kf]Ng] lrnfpg] ub{5 .
 of}g ;Dks{sf] a]nf of]gLsf] leqL efudf b'Vg] ub{5 .
 u'KtfË jl/kl/, /ftf ljlj/fx? cfpg' .
 lbzf, lk;fa ug]{ a]nf b'Vg' .
 sf5sf u|GyLx? ;'lGgg'
 a]n}df pkrf/ u/]df of}g/f]u lgsf] x'G5 .
#=# of}g /f]usf k|sf/x?M
 lel/ËL
 ;'hfs÷wft' /f]u
 xlk{h hf]l:6;
 SoflG8ofl;;
 6«fOsf]df]lgofl;;
 e]g/n jf6{
 Pr=cfO=eL= OToflb .
#=$ of}g /f]usf] ;dod} pkrf/ gu/fPdf s] x'G5 <
;dod} pkrf/ gu/fP of}g /f]un] :jf:Yodf hl6ntf tyf g/fd|f c;/x? lbg k|ltlbg yKb}
hfG5 h:t}M dlxnfdf af“ emf]kg cfpg ;S5, ue{ktg x'g] / d/]sf] aRrf hGdg ;Sb5,
dlxnfdf kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ x'g ;Sb5, k'?ifsf] ;Gtfg hGdfpg] Ifdtfdf x|f; cfpg ;S5 ,
Pr=cfO{=eL / P8; ;g]{ hf]lvdtf a9b5 .
#=% of]g /f]usf] pkrf/ af/] ;a}n] hfGg kg]{ s'/fx?M
 of]g /f]u ;dod} pkrf/ u/]df lgsf] x'g] ePsf]n] cfkm" / cfº gf] of]g ;fyLsf] pkrf/
aLrdf nIf0fx? x/fPdf jf /fd|f] ePsf] dx;'; eP klg cf}ifwLsf] dfqf k"/} ;]jg ug'{
kb{5 .
 pkrf/ k"/f geP;Dd of]g ;Dks{ /fVg' x'b}g . obL /fVg] k/]df s08dsf] ;xL k|of]u
u/]/ dfq of}g ;Dks{ ug'{ kb{5 ,
 ofb ug'{xf]; . tkfO{sf] cfkm}k|lt, cfº gf] of}g ;fyL k|lt tyf tkfO{sf] kl5 hGdg]
aRrf k|lt klg pQ/bfloTj 5 . cfº gf] lhDd]jf/L gla;{g'xf]; .
#=^ of]g /f]uaf6 aRg / arfpg s] ug]{ <

klt kTgL aLrdfq of}g ;Dks{ /fVg] . k/:qL jf k/k'?if;“ u of}g ;Dks{ /fVg'k/]df s08dsf]
7Ls k|of]u ug]{ . Pr=cfO{=eL= ePsf] yfxf kfpg] d'Vo pkfo /rt kl/If0f xf . JolQmsf]
zf/Ll/s cj:yf x]/]/ Pr=cfO{=eL= eP gePsf] yfxf kfpg ;lsb}g .
efu – $
PG6L /]6«f]efO{/n pkrf/ -P=cf/=6L= pkrf/ ljlw _
$=! P=cf/=6L= eg]sf] s] xf] <
PrcfO{eL h:tf /]6«f]efO/n ;+s|d0fx¿sf] cf}iflwåf/f ul/g] pkrf/ g} Pcf/6L xf] . cf}iflwx¿n]
hLjf0f'nfO{ dfb}{g, t/ hLjf0f'sf] a[l4nfO{ lj:tf/} 36fpF5 . ha hLjf0f'x¿sf] a[l4b/ 36b}hfG5,
PrcfO{eL ;+s|d0fdf klg l9nfO{ cfpF5 . hLjf0f' lj¿4 lbOg] cf}iflwx¿nfO{ P=cf/=eL= elgG5 .
P=cf/=eL= pkrf/nfO{ P=cf/=6L= elgG5 . Pr=cfO{=eL=sf] hLjg rqm s] xf] <
PrcfO{eLsf]=hLjgrqmdf w]/} r/0fx¿ 5g .
 :JftGq hLjf0f'x¿ /utsf] k|jfxdf ;~rfng x'G5g .
 PrcfO{eL sf]ifdf 6fFl;P/ a:b5 .
 PrcfO{eLn] cfˆgf] c+zx¿ sf]ifleq 5f]8b5 .
 lakl/t 6«fG;lqmk6]h OGhfodåf/f Pr cfO{ eL 8L Pg P agfpg PrcfO{eL j+;f0f' sf]8
-cf/PgP_ sf] pkof]u ub{5 .
 OlG6lu|h OGhfodåf/f sf]ifsf] l8PgP leq Pr cfO{ eL 8L Pg P 3';fpF5 . o;n] sf]if
leq Pr cfO{ eL ;+qmd0f:yflkt u5{ .
 ha ;ª qmldt sf]ifx¿ a[l4 x'G5g, o;n] PrcfO{eL l8PgPnfO{ ;ls|o agfpFb5 .
o;n]ubf{ gof“ PrcfO{eL hLjf0f'x¿sf] nflu sRrf kbfy{ tof/ x'G5 .
 gofF hLjf0f'sf] nflu ;fdfu|Lsf] kf]sfx¿ ;Fu;Fu} cfp5g .
 ckl/kSj hLjf0f'x¿Nf] ;+s|ldt sf]ifnfO{ ws]n]/ aflx/ lg:sG5, of] k|lqmofnfO{
æal8ª ÆelgG5 .
 ckl/kSj hLjf0f'x¿n] sf]ifx¿nfO{ ;lhNf} ;ª qmd0f ub{5g .
 gofF kl/kSj hLjf0f'x¿ M k|f]6]h OGhfodn] sRrf kbfy{x¿nfO{ lgsfn]/ ;lqmo
hLjf0f'x¿df ;lDdlnt u/fpFb5 .
 olb tkfO{sf] k|lt/f]wfTds zlSt w]/} sdhf]/ 5 eg], lrlsT;sn] tkfO{nfO{ P=cf/=6L=
gfds pkrf/ lng ;Nnfx lbg ;S5g .
 P=cf/=6L= sf] k"/f gfd PG6L/]6«f]efO{/n pkrf/ xf] .
 olb tkfO{sf] k|lt/f]wfTds zlQm cem} klg alnof] 5 eg] cfkm"nfO{ cj;/jfbL
;+s|d0faf6 arfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . tL pkfox?sf af/]df tkfO{ cfº gf] 8fS6/nfO{
;f]Wg'xf];
$=@ P=cf/=6L= n] s;/L sfd u5{ <

 P=cf/=6L= n] Pr=cfO{=eL= efO{/; a[l4 x'g] k|ls|of sd u/fp5 . o;n] ubf{ yf]/} efO{/;
-hLjf0f'_ n] dfq tkfO{sf] k|lt/f]wfTds zlStnfO{ cfs|d0f ub{5 .
 P=cf/=6L= n] k|lt/f]wfTds zlStnfO{ alnof] agfp5, / ca;/afbL ;+s|d0faf6 hf]ufp5
. h;/L Pp6f dd{t ul/Psf] 3/n] kfgLaf6 arfpg ;Sb5 .
 ha dflg;x?n] P=cf/=6L= lng yfNb5g pgLx? w]/} sd la/fdL kb{5g / nfdf]
;do;Dd ;~rf] ePsf] cg'ej ub{5g .
tkfO{ PSn} x'g'x'Gg . ofb /fVg'xf];, ;+;f/el/sdf x/]s lbg bz nfv eGbf a9L dflg;x?n]
P=cf=6L= lnO/x]sf 5g . To;/L g} tkfO{ klg P=cf/=6L= lng ;Sg'x'G5 .
$=# l;=l8= $ (CD4) kl/If0f .
 tkfO{nfO{ cfkm" lj/fdL ePsf] dxz'; gePtf klg lrlsT;n] tkfO{nfO{ ;L=8L= $
kl/If0f ug]{ ;Nnfx lbg ;S5g . of] kl/If0f ul/;s] kl5 tkfO{n] cfº gf] z/L/nfO{
s;/L :j:y /fVg ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] ;Nnfx 8fS6/n] lbg ;S5g .
$=$ P=cf/=6L= k|ltsf] k|ltj4tf .
 hLjge/ cf}iflw ;]jg ug{ gla;{g tkfO{sf] 8fS6/n] ljleGg ;'emfjx? lbg ;S5g.
 /f]s]/ km]l/ z'? ug]{ cyjf rSsL vfg} lj;]{df P=cf/=6L= n] sfd ub}{g .
 s'g} rSsL lng] / csf}{ glng] ubf{ klg P=cf/=6L= n] sfd ug{ 5f85 .
$=% cfkm"nfO{ ;DemfO{ lbgsf] nflu s;};“ u eGg'xf]; .
 cf}iflw ;]jg ug{ gla;{g tkfO{sf] 8fS6/n] ljeGg ;'emfjx? lbg ;S5g .
 tkfO{sf] sf]xL ljzjfl;nf] dflg;, h:t}Mkl/jf/sf] ;b:o jf ;fyL ePdf pgLx?n]
tkfO{nfO{ P=cf/=6L= rSsL vfg ;Demfpg ;S5g .
$=^ P=cf/=6L= n] Pr=cfO=eL= lgsf] ub}{g .
 obL tkfO{ P=cf/=6L= lnb} x'g'x'G5 eg] klg tkfO{ cem} c?nfO{ Pr=cfO=eL= ;fg{ ;Sg'
x'G5 .
$=& P=cf/=6L= n] Pr=cfO=eL= sf] k'gM ;+s|d0faf6 arfp“ g ;Sb}g .
 olb tkfO{ P=cf/=6L= ;]jg ub}{ x'g'x'G5 eg] klg Pr=cfO{=eL= km]/L ;g{ ;S5 .
 o;n] tkfO{sf] k|lt/f]w zlQmnfO{ emg sdhf]/ agfpg ;S5 .
$=* cfkm"nfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= af6 hf]ufpg'xf]; .
 P=cf/=6L= lnO{ /fVg' ePsf] a]nfdf s08dsf] k|of]u ug'{xf]; jf of}g ;Dks{ g} g/flv
cfkm" tyf c?nfO{ arfpg'xf]; .

 tkfO{n] ug]{ c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{n] cmem} klg c?nfO{ ;+qmd0f ub{5 eGg] s'/f
;Demg'xf]; .
$=( P= cf/= 6L= sf gsf/fTds c;/x? M
P= cf/= 6L= cf}iflwsf] g/fd|f] c;/x? h:t} M bflxg] sf]vf b'Vg], hG8L; b]vf kg]{ Hj/f]
cfpg], vl6/f / d'vdf 3fp cfpg], /utsf] sdL x'g], xft v'§f emdemdfpg] tyf
l/+u6f nfUg] nIf0f ulDe/ x'b} uPdf t'/Gt 8fS6/nfO{ ;+ks{ /fVg' k5{ .
$=!) le=l;=6L= ;]G6/df Pr=cfO=eL= af6 s;/L aRg] eGg] k/fdz{ lng hfg'xf]; .
 :j]lR5s k/fdz{ tyf kl/If0f -le=l;=6L_ lrGx ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] tkfO{sf] ;fyLnfO{
Pr=cfO{=eL / o;af6 aRg] pkfox?sf] hfgsf/L lbG5 .
$=!! P=cf/=6L= / uef{j:yf .
 olb tkfO{ ue{jtL x'g'x'G5 jf cfdf aGg rfxg' x'G5 eg] 8fS6/nfO{ of] s'/f atfpg
clt cfjZos 5 .
 olb P=cf/=6L= lnb} ubf{ tkfO{ ue{jtL x'g' eof] eg], tkfO{af6 Pr=cfO=eL= aRrfdf
;g]{ ;Defjgf sg x'G5 .
 tkfO{ km]l/ klg P=cf/=6L= k|of]u ub}{ ubf{ klg ue{jtL x'g ;Sg' x'G5 .
 kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx?sf] af/]df tkfO{ cfº gf] 8fS6/nfO{ ;f]wg'xf]; . tkfO{sf]
8fS6/n] tkfO{nfO{ s'g ljlw ckgfpg] eGg] af/]df cfº gf] wf/0ff lbg ;Sb5g .
 uef{j:yfdf k|of]u ug} s]xL P=cf/=6L= cf}iflwx? c?eGbf a9L ;'/lIft x'G5g
 uef{j:yfdf k|of]u ug{ s]xL P=cf/=6L= cf}iflwx? a9L ;'/lIft x'G5g . cfkmgf]
8fS6/;“ u s'g P=cf/=6L= cf}iflw k|of]u ug{ pko'St x'G5 eg]/ ;Nnf ug'{xf]; .
 tkfO{ ue{jtL x'g'x'G5 jf tkfO{ cfdf aGg rfxg' x'G5 eg] ;f] s'/f v'n:t ?kdf
cfº gf] 8fS6/nfO{ elgxfNg'xf]; . clg dfq tkfO{sf] 8fS6/n] tkfO{nfO{ s] ug]{ eGg]
;'emfj lbg ;S5g .
$=!@ P= cf/= 6L= vfO{ /fv]sf JolStx?n] ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? .
 3'dlkm/ ug{ / sfd ug{ hfg] of]hgf klxn] g} agfpg'xf]; .
 sfd ug{ hfg] of]hgf klxn] g} agfpg'xf]; .
 sfddf tkfO{ s;/L P=cf/=6L= lng' x'G5 eGg af/]df k"j{ of]hgf agfpg'xf]; .
 olb tkfO{ 3'dlkm/ ug{ hfb} x'g'x'G5 eg] tkfO{nfO{ rflxg]eGbf a9L rSsL ;fydf
nfg'xf]; . olb tkfO{ cln w]/} ;do aflx/ a:g' eof] eg] klg tkfO{;“ u kof{Kt rSsL
x'g' kb{5 .
 cfº gf] P=cf/=6L= cf}iflw s;};“ u klg gaf“ 8g'xf];
 cfº gf] P=cf/=6L= cf}iflw s;};“ u klg gaf“ 8g'xf]; . 8fS6/n] l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/
P=cf/=6L= ;]jg gu/]df P=cf/=6L= n] tkfO{sf] z/L/nfO{ d2t ub}{g .

 olb tkfO{n] cf}iflw af“ 8g' eof] eg] cf}iflwn] g tkfO{sf] nflu sfd u5{ g c?sf]
nflu .
 P=cf/=6L= nfO{ ;'/lIft 7fp“ df /fVg'xf]; .
 c? cf}iflwx? h:t}M P=cf/=6L= nfO{ klg aRrfx?n] ge]6g] ul/ ;'/lIft 7fp“ df
/fVg'xf];.
 P=cf/=6L= vfg 5f]8]kl5 km]l/ vfg z'? ug'{ x'G5 jf x'“ b}g .
 tkfO{ km]l/ klg P=cf/=6L= z'? ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . t/ slxn]sfxL P=cf/=6L= vfg 5f]8]/
s]xL ;dokl5 km]l/ z'? ubf{ o;n] sfd gug{ ;S5 .
 tkfO{ km]/L P=cf/=6L= z'? ug]{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] cfº gf] 8fS6/;“ u ;Nnfx ug'{xf]; .
plrt tl/sfn] P=cf/=6L= cf}iflw lng' w]/} cfjZos 5 .
 k|lts"n c;/ eg]sf] s] xf] <
 P=cf/=6L= lng yfn] kl5 x'g] cyjf lj;~rf] ePsf] h:tf] dxz'z x'g' g} P=cf/=6L= sf
k|lts"n c;/x? x'g . tkfO{sf] z/L/nfO{ P=cf/=6L= sf] afgL k/]kl5 k|lts"n c;/x?
k|foM x/fp“ 5g .
 P=cf/=6L= ln+bf lgDg c;/x? b]lvg ;S5g . 6fpsf] b'v]df s] ug]{ <
 6fpsf] / sGr6df a'9L cf}nfn] /u8g'xf]; .
 c+Wof/f] / ;'g;fg sf]7fdf cf“ vf lrDn]/ a:g'xf]; .
 lr;f] sk8f cf“ vf / lgwf/df /fVg'xf]; .
 Sofkm]g ePsf lrhx? h:t} skmL, s8f lrof / ;f]8f gvfg'xf]; .
 k|To]s $ 306f b'O{ rlSs Kof/fl;6fdf]n vfgf;“ u vfg'xf]; .
 k/fdz{sf] nflu cfº gf] 8fS6/ sxf“ hfg'xf]; .
lj/fdL tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg]{ cj:yfx? M
!= l;= l8= – kmf]/ (CD-4) sf] ;+Vof 36b} uPdf .
@= efO/n nf]8 a9b} uPdf .
#= lgoldt cf}iflwsf] ;]jg 5'6]df .
$= z/L/df /St cNktf b]vf k/]df .
%= df“ ;k]zL sdhf]/ x'b} uPdf .
^= x]kf6fOl6; jL= tyf ;L= b]vf k/]df .
&= 5fnfsf] SofG;/ b]vf k/]df .
*= z/L/sf c+ux? sfd sd ug{ yfn]df .
(= Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L ;do ;Dd kvfnf nfu]df .
!)= z/L/sf u|GyL -lnDkmgf]8x?_ a9]df .
!!= b}lgs cfwf ;do lj5f}ogfdf ;'lt /x]df .
!@= w]/} j6f cf}iflw k|of]u u/]klg sfd gu/]df.
!#= d'vel/ ;]tf] 3fp cfPdf .
!$= tL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L tf}n 36]df .

!%= lne/ ;'lGgPdf jf OGkm]S;g ePdf .
!^= :d/0f zlSt lIf0f x'b} uPdf .
!&= d[uf]nfn] sfd sd ug{ yfn]df .
!*= pkrf/ jf6 kmfObf gb]lvPdf .
o:tf] cj:yfdf ;+alGwt 8fS6/ tyf dgf]lrlsT;s ;+u ;Nnfx ug{' pko'St x'G5 .
Pr=cfO{=eL= lkl8t cf}iflw vfO{ /fv]sf JolStx?n] Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx? M
!= lgoldt Jofofd ug]{ jfgL a;fNg' k5{ .
@= k|ofKt cf/fd ug'{ k5{ .
#= lgoldt ;dodf ef]hg ug{' k5{ / 5f“ s afg'{ x'b}g .
$= hfF8 /S;L vfg aGb ug{' k5{ .
%= r'/f]6, lal8, ;"tL{ O{Toflb vfg' x'b}g .
^= nfdf] ;do ;Dd nuftf/ sfd ug]{ jfgL 5f]8g' k5{ . aLr aLrdf cf/fd lng' k5{ .
&= 5'§L sf] ;dodf dgf]/+hg ug'{ k5{ .
*= Pr=cfO{=eL÷P8; ;+jlGw ;ef, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ tyf lzIff aw{s sfo{s|ddf ;xefuLtf
hgfpg' k5{ .
(= kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox? ;+u al9 ;do latfpg' k5{ .
!)= gof“ gof“ dgk/]sf ls|ofsnfkdf ;do nufpg' k5{ .
!!= hgfj/sf] ;f]v 5 eg] s's'/, la/fnf] O{= kfNg ;lsG5 .
!@= /fd|f] 1fg aw{s tyf lzIff k|b lstfax? k9g' k5{ .
!#= cfk"mnfO{ cfjZostf k/]sf] a]nf c?sf] ;xof]u lng' k5{ .
3/kl/jf/df ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;lhnf] xf]; eGg] p2]Zon] k|t]s kl/jf/df Pp6f km:6 P8 aS;
/fVg' h?/L 5 . pSt afs; emf]nfdf leGg cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|Lsf] hfu]8f oy]i6 dfqfdf /fVg'
k5{ .
:jf:Yo ;+:yf hfg'xf]; olbM
 tkfO{sf] b[li6 3ldnf] cyjf 7Dofpg g;Sg] ePdf .
 olb P:kLl/g jf Kof/f;L6fdf]n ;]jg ubf{ klg b'vfO{ /f]lsPg eg] .
 tkfO{nfO{ w]/} 6fpsf] b'v]df jf nuftf/ b'lv/x]df .
efu %
cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0fx?
Pr=cfO{=eL= ePkl5 z/L/sf] /f]u lj?4 n8g] zlSt la:tf/} sdhf]/ x'b} hfG5 . o;/L z/L/sf]
/f]u lj?4 n8g] zlSt sdhf]/ ePsf] cj;/ kf/]/ z/L/nfO{ cfqmd0f ug]{ ljleGg /f]ux?nfO{
g} cj;/jfbL /f]ux? elgG5 . h:t}M Ifo/f]u -6L=jL=_, sdnlkQ, lgdf]lgof, emf8f kvfnf cflb
.

xfd|f] z/L/df xfdLn] y'k|} ls6f0f'x¿ af]ls/x]sf x'G5f} h:tf] ;'Id ls6f0f', k|f]6f]hf]jf, km+FhfO{ /
hLjf0f'x¿ . Hfj xfd|f] k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLn] sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5, o;n] oL ls6f0f'x¿nfO{ lgoGq0f
ul//x]sf] x'G5 . t/ ha k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnL PrcfO{eL ;ª qmd0fn] ubf{ jf s]xL cf}iflwx¿sf]
sf/0faf6 sdhf]/ x'G5 . Toltj]nf oL ls6f0f'x¿ lgoGq0f aflx/ x'g;Sb5g / o;sf] sf/0faf6
:jf:Yo ;d:ofx¿ x'G5 . sdhf]/ k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnLn] k|lt/Iff ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ljleGg
;+s|d0fx¿n] kmfObf lnG5g o;nfO{ ædf}sfk/sÆ elGfG5 . o; jfSof+z df}sfk/s ;+s|d0fnfO{
k|foM 5f]6s/Ldf æcf] cfO{ÆelGfG5 .
hLjf0f' lj/f]wL pkrf/x?sf] ;'?jft ePkl5 cf]=cfO{ x?sf] b/ gf6sLo ?kdf 36]sf] 5 . cf]
cfO{x? ce}m klg ;d:ofs} ?kdf 5g, vf; u/L ltgsf nflu h;n] Pr cfO{ eL sf lgldQ
kl/If0f u/fPsf 5}gg . w]/} dflg; ce}m c:ktfnx?df lrGtfhgs?kdf cf] cfO{ ePsf k|fo;
Go"df];fOl:6s Go"df]lgof e]l6G5g . o;af6 pgLx?n] cfk"mnfO{ Pr cfO{ eL 5 eGg] hfGb5g .
%=! cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0faf/] a'emg'kg]{ s'/fx?
 z/L/ sdhf]/ ePsf] cfj:yfdf cfqmd0f ug]{ ;+qmd0fnfO{ cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0f elgG5 .
 cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx? z/L/sf] k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL sdhf]/ ePsf] a]nfdf z/L/df l5g]{
u5{g h;/L elTsb} uPsf] 3/df kfgL l55{ r'xlG5 . dflg;sf] k|lt/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{
Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8;n] sdhf]/ arfpsf] a]nf ca;/jfbL cfs|d0fx?n] lgs} uDeL/
;d:ofx? pTkGg u/fpg] u5{g .
 h;/L :ofxf/ ;';f/ u/]sf] 3/ nfdf] ;do;Dd l6S5 , To;/L g} cfÎgf] :jf:Yosf] /fd|f]
x]/rfx ug]{ dflg; nfdf] ;do;Dd af“ Rg ;S5 . To;}n] cfj;/afbL ;+qmd0fx?af6
cfkm"nfO{ arfpg cfjZos x'G5 .
%=@ cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fsf s]xL ;+s]t / nIf0fx?
 l/Ë6f nfUg'
 vfg] s'/f lgNbf b'vfO dxz'; x'g'
 Zjf; km]g{ ufXf] x'g'
 6fpsf] g/fd|f];“ u b'Vg' jf b'vfO{ bf]xf]l//xg'
 /fd|f];“ u gb]Vg'
 ysfO a9b} uPsf] dxz'; x'g'
 ysfO a9b} uPsf] dxz'; x'g'
 Ps lbg eGbf nfdf] ;do;Dd Hoj/f] cfpg' jf z/L/ tft]sf] dxz'; eO/xg'
 kl;gfn] cf]5ofg leHg'
 hf8f] eP/ z/L/ sfDg'
 z/L/sf] ;Gt'ng, lx+8fO jf af]nLdf ;d:of b]vf kg'{
 lagf sf/0f z/L/sf] jhg 36g'

 lbgdf rf/ k6s eGbf a9L kftnf] lb;f x'g'
 pN6L x'g' jf jfGtf cfpg'
 d'v jf lha|f]df vl6/f cfpg'
 3f“ 6L c//f] x'g' .
%=# cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx?sf] /f]syfd
 cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx?sf] /f]syfd ug{ tnsf pkfox? ckgfpg ;lsG5
 z/L/ ;kmf /fVg lbglbg} g'xfpg'xf]; .
 ;+qmd0f uf/pg ;Sg] ;fgflgtf rf]6k6saf6 aRg ;w} h'Qf nufP/ lx+8g'xf]; .
 vfgf vfPkl5 ;w} bf“ t df¤g'xf]; .
 lb;f lk;fa ul/ ;s]kl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g'xf]; .
 ;kmf kfgL lkpg] / k|of]u ug]{ ugf{n] cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0faf6 aRg ;slG5 . To;}n]M
 vfg] kfgL ;kmf O{gf/ jf aUg] gbLx?af6 dfq lng'xf]; .
 ;kmf afN6Lg jf ufu|Ldf dfq kfgL /fVg] ug'{xf]; .
 vfg] kfgLsf] ef8fdf xft wf]P/ kfgLnfO{ b'lift x'g glbg'xf]; .
 pdfn]sf] kfgL ;kmf ef8f]df dfq /fVg'xf]; .
 ;kmf skdf dfq kfgL lgsfNg] / lkpg] ug'{; .
 vfgf tof/ ubf{ / v'fp“ bf ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbgfn] cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0faf6 aRg
;lsG5. To;sf nflu lgDg pkfox? ckgfpg ;lsG5 M
 ;w} ;kmf 7fpdf dfq vfgf tof/ ug]{ jf ksfpg] ug'{xf]; .
 ;kmf / ;'Vvf ef“ 8fx? h:t} yfn, srf}/f / Unf;x?df dfq} vfgf / kfgL /fVg]
ug'{xf];
 vfgf tof/ ubf{ jf e08f/ ubf{ / ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbgfn] cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0faf6 aRg
;lsG5 . To;sf nflu lgDg pkfox? ckgfpg ;lsG5 .
 df;'nfO{ /fd|f];“ u kfSg] u/L ksfpg'xf]; .
 vfgf vfg] ef“ 8fx? /fd|f];“ u ;kmf u/L 3fddf ;'sfpg'xf]; .
 vfgfnfO{ 5f]k]/ jf lemËf gnfUg] 7fp“ jf b/fh leq /fVg'xf]; .
 kfNt' hgfj/ / ufO{j:t'x?sf] ;/;kmfO{df Wofg k'¥ofP/ klg cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx?af6
aRg ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu lgDg pkfox? ckgfpg ;lsG5 M
 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ / r/fr'?ËLnfO{ 3/jflx/ /fVg'xf]; .
 ;Dej eP ;Dd lj/fnf, s'v'/f / c? k+IfLx?sf] ;/ ;kmfO{ c? s;}nfO{ ug{
nufpg'xf];
 hgjf/x?nfO{ 5f]Pkl5 jf rnfPkl5 ;w} xft w'g] ug'{xf]; .
 ljz]if u/L kvfnf nfu]sf / ;fgf] pd]/sf hfgj/x?nfO{ g5'g'xf]; .
 3/aflx/ x'bf“ lgDg tl/sfn] ;'/lIft /x]/ cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0faf6 aRg ;lsG5 M

 cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0f u/fpg ;Sg] ls6f0f'af6 d'Qm /xg v]taf/Ldf sfd ul/;s]kl5
;fa'gn] xft w'g'xf]; .
 hxf“ txL kf}8L v]Nbf kfgL lgNgaf6 aRg'xf]; . To:tf kfgL cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fsf
ls6f0f'x?af6 b'lift x'g ;S5 .
 Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] k'gM ;+s|d0faf6 aRg'xf]; .
 olb tkfO{ Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|ldt x'g'x'G5 / c;'/lIft of}g ;Dks{ /fVg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{nfO{
km]/L csf]{ k|sf/sf] Pr=cfO{=eL= af6 k'gM ;+qmd0f x'g' ;S5 .
 P=cf/=6L= n] Pr=cfO{=eL= k"gM ;+s|d0faf6 arfpb}g .
 olb klxn]sf] eGbf km/s lsl;dsf] Pr=cfO{=eL=;+qmd0f eof] eg] tkfO{sf] k|lt/f]wfTds
zlQm emg} sdhf]/ eP/ hfG5 .
 cfkm" / cfÎgf] ;fyLnfO{ arfpg'xf]; .
 ;w} s08d nufpg'xf]; jf of}g ;Dks{ g} gug'{xf]; .
 cfÎgf] x]/ljrf/ /fd|/L ug'{xf]; .
 cÎgf] z/L/nfO{ :j:y /fVg / cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx?af6 arfpgsf nflu w]/} pkfox?
5g .
 ;Gt'lnt vfgf vfg'xf]; .
 l7Ss dfqfdf lgoldt Jofofd ug'{xf]; .
 kfo{Kt ;'Tg'xf]; .
 w'd|kfg gug'{xf]; .
 dBdfg gug'{xf]; .
 lrlsT;sn] lbPsf] cf]iflwdfq ;]jg ug'{xf]; .
 cj;/jbL ;+s|d0fx?af6 aRg tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] cf}iflwx?sf] af/]df
lrlsT;snfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]; .
efu – ^
P8; ;+s|ldtx?df b]lvg] :jf:Yo ;d:ofx? tyf tLgsf pkrf/ .
^=! cfltg' (Anxiety):
 tgfa sd kfg]{ ls|ofsnfkx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ug{' k5{ , h:t} M nfdf] Zjf; lng]
cEof;, Wofg, d;fh, ;+lut ;'Gg], s'g} sfddf Jo:t e} /xg], PSn} emf]ls|P/ ga:g],
vfnL ;dodf k9g] afgL a;fNg], tftf] kfgLn] g'xfpg] tyf cfkm'nfO{ dg kg]{ sfo{x?df
Ao:t /xg] / l/n]S; x'g] sf]lz; ug]{ .

 ;xof]uL ;fyLx? agfpg] / cfjZostf cg';f/ dgsf] s'/f jxfx? ;+u af“ 8g] . Pr=
cfO{= eL=÷P8;df sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfx? glhsdf ePdf lgoldt ;+ks{df a:g] /
;/;Nnfx k|fKt ug]{ .
 wfld{s sfo{s|ddf dgk/]sf] 5 eg] lgoldt ?kdf ;+nUg /xg] .
 ;se/ Soflkm ePsf] - slkm, lrof / ;f]8f _ k]o kbfy{ gvfg';, vfg} k/]df yf]/} vfg';
 ;se/ u'lnof] vfg]s'/f sd vfg'; .
 lgoldt ?kdf b}lgs lx88'n tyf xNsf Jofofd 3/d} tyf 3/ glhs} ug{'xf];, h;n]
tgfa, lrGtf tyf ysfO{ af6 5'6sf/ lbG5 .
 /ftL ;'Tg] a]nfdf Ps unf; b"w cyjf Ps sk xa{n lrof vfg ;lsG5 .
 8fS6/n] lbPsf]] cf}iflw lgoldt ?kdf g5f]l8sg vfg' xf]; . cf}iflwsf] g/fd|f] c;/x?
/ clgoldttf af/] 8fS6/ tyf g;{nfO{ t'/Gt vj/ ug'{xf; .
 lgoldt ?kdf cfkmgf] dgdf nfu]sf] larf/ tyf efjgfx? sf] 8fo/Ldf n]vf hf]vf /fVg'
xf];
^=@ slAhot (Constipation):
 cfkm'nfO{ slAhot ePkl5 t'/Gt 8fS6/ tyf g;{ ;+u t'/Gt ;+ks{ /fVg' xf]; .
 dg tftf] kfgL lgoldt ?kdf ;]jg ug{' xf]; .
 kmnkm'n tyf xl/of] ;fukft lgoldt ?kdf vfg' k5{ . vfgf k5f8L tftf] kfgL vfg]
afgL a;fNg' k5{ .
 k|ofKt dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{ -kfgL, h";, kmnkm'nsf] /; O{= _ k|ltlbg ug'{ k5{ . k|ltlbg
^– * unf; emf]n kbfy{ vfg} k5{ .
 /];fbf/ vfg] s'/f , klktf -d]jf_ O{= lgoldt vfg' k5{ .
 vfnLk]6 a:g] tyf at{ a:g] sfd ;se/ gug{' xf]nf .
 lgoldt ?kdf zfl/l/s cEof; ug{' xf]; .
 slAhot ePdf lbzf xftn] lgsfNg] afgL l;Sg' k5{ .
 /ftL ;'Tg] a]nfdf 8'nsf]n]S; (Tab dulcolax) ! jf @ rSsL vfg' kmfObf x'G5.
 #– $ lbgdf ;+rf] geP 8fS6/ ;+u ;Nnfx lng' k5{ .
^=# vf]ls nfUg' (Coagh/Sore throat)
 3f“ 6Ldf cK7of/f] kfg]{ vfgfx? ;se/ 5f]8g' k5{ .
 cfaZos k/]df 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ skm l;/km vfg lbg' k5{ .
 tftf] kfgL sf] jfkm cfjZostf cg';f/ lng' k5{ .
 tftf] kfgL lgoldt ?kdf vfg] / sfutL kfgL lgoldt ?kdf vfg] .
 tftf] kfgLsf] jfkm lgoldt lng] / ;lsG5 eg] leS; xfnL lng ;lsG5 .
 tftf] ;'k tyf emf]n vfg lbg' k5{ .
 n]dgu|f; lrof vfg ;lsG5 .

 dgtftf] kfgLdf g'g xfnL s'Nnf ug{' k5{ .
 vfg lgNg ufx|f] ePdf jf !)!)f
eGbf a9L Hj/f] cfPdf t'/Gt 8fS6/ nfO{ hrfpg' k5{
 kf/fl;6fdf]n sf] rSsL (Tab. Paracetamol 500 mg) *– * 3+6fsf] km/sdf vfg
;lsG5 , olb 5ftLdf w]/} b'Vg yfn]df vfg ;lsG5 .
 cf}iflw -l;6fdf]n_ vfbf klg 5ftL b'Vg sd geP t'/Gt 8fS6/ ;+u hrfpg' k5{ .
^=$ zf]s ÷ lrGtf (Depression) :
 tgfa sd kfg]{ ls|ofsnfkx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ckgfpg' k5{ , h:t}M nfdf] Zjf;
lng] cEof;, Wofg, d;fh, ;+lut ;'Gg], s'g} sfddf Jo:t e} /xg], PSn} emf]ls|P/
ga:g], vfnL ;dodf k9g] afgL a;fNg], tftf] kfgLn] g'xfpg] tyf cfkm'nfO{ dg kg]{
sfo{x?df Ao:t /xg] / l/n]S; x'g] sf]lz; ug]{ .
 ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?, wfld{s ;+:yfx?, ;fdflhs s[ofsnfk tyf ;d'xdf ;xefuLtf d'ns
sfo{s|dx?df lgoldt ;xefuL x'g] .
 Pr= cfO{= eL=÷P8; ;+u ;+alGwt ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] lgoldt ;+ks{df /lx ;/;Nnfx tyf
;xof]u lng' k5{ .
 ;lsG5 eg] hf“ 8 /S;L 5f]8g] / ;lsb}g eg] dfqf sd ug]{ . pQ]hgf Nofpg]
cf}ifl3x? h:t} M sf]lsg, ;f]8f O{= sf] k|of]u gug]{ .
 lgoldt k|t]s lbg lx8g'k5{ cyjf ;fwf/0f vfn] Jofofd lgoldt ug{' k5{ . lgoldt
Jofofdn] lrGtf, tyf ysfg sd u5{ .
 /ftL lgoldt ;dodf rf8f] ;'Tg] afgL a;fNg' k5{ / ljxfg ;j]/} p7g] afgL a;fNg'
k5{ . /ftL /fd|/L lgGb|fdf ;'t]df ljxfg ;f]rfO{ k|i6 x'g'sf] ;fy} dfgl;s tgfa sd
x'G5 . lbp;f] ;'Tg' k/]df dWofGxeGbf cuf8L 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu c/fd ug{' pko'St g}
x'G5 .
 ljxfg p7g] ljlts} ;kmf ;'3/ eO{ t}of/ eO{ lgoldt ;dodf tfnLsf cg';f/ cfkmgf]
b}lgs sfd ug{' k5{ .
 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ lgoldt ?kdf c}iflw ;]jg ug{' k5{ / s'g} g/fd|f] c;/ tyf
cf}iflw 5'6g uPdf t'/Gt 8fS6/ tyf g;{nfO{ vj/ ug{' k5{ .
^=% emf8f kvfnf (Diarrhoea) :
lbgdf tLgk6s jf ;f]ebg a9L kftnf] tyf kfgLh:tf] lb;f nfUof] eg kvfnf nfUof] elgG5 .
kvfnf nfu]sf] jf ePsf] a]nf w]/}h;f] ;fdfGo lb;f hfg] h:t} x'“ b}g . P8; ePsf /f]uLnfO{
kvfnf nfUg ;S5, o;nfO{ /f}Sg klg sl7g x'g;S5 . P8; ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ kvfnf
w]/}h;f] kmf]xf]/ vfgf / kfgL vfgfn] cfGb|fx?df x'g] ;+qmd0f Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+s|d0faf6 jf
cf}iflwx?sf] v/fa c;/x?sf] sf/0f af6 x'g] ub{5 .
kvfnf nfUg] sf/0fx?

lbgdf tLgk6s eGb a9L kfgL h:tf] kftnf] lb;f x'g'nfO{ kvfnf nfu]sf] elgG5 . kvfnf
laleGg sf/0fn] nfUg ;S5 h:t}M
 kfgL tyf vfg]s'/f ;kmf gePdf .
 vfgfx? lrNnf] / lk/f] ePdf .
 kfrg zlQm sdhf]/ ePdf .
 vfgf vfg' cl3 / lb;f w]fO{;s]kl5 /fd|/L xft gwf]Pdf .
 lem“ uf elGsPsf / ;8]un]sf vfgf vfPdf kvfnf nfU5 .
kvfnfsf] pkrf/
kvfnf nfUbf ;kmf kfgL / hLjg hnsf ;fy} k|z:t dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{ lkpg' kb{5 . h:t}M
d';'/f]sf] bfn, pdfn]sf] ;kmf kfgL cflb . olb nfdf] ;do;Dd kvfnf g/f]lsPdf :jf:ysdL{sf]
;Nnfx cg';f/ cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{' kb{5 .
 emf8f – kvfnf nfu]sf] JolStn] yf]/} yf]/} vfg]s'/f w]/} k6s vfg' k5{ .
 lgDg vfgfx? kvfnf nfu]sf] j]nfdf klg lgoldt ?kn] ;]ag ug{ ;lsG5 , h:t} M
cfn' , s]/f, bxL, kfgL, afnL{, ;fbf lrof, kftnf] h"; O{) .
 lgoldt ?kdf cf]= cf/= P;= -hLaghn ÷gahLjg _ emf]nsf] k|of]u ug{' k5{ .
 emf8f kvfnf nfu]sf] a]nf slkm, a§fsf] vfgf, tn]sf] vfgf, df5f, df;' , c08f,
lrK;, b"w, ld7fO{, u]8f u'8L, hf“ 8, /S;L O{Toflb vfg' x'b}g .
 3/ af6 6f9f hfg' k/]df 6'jfOn]6sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ ljrf/ ul/ dfqf ofqf ug{' k5{ .
 3/jf6 aflx/ hfg} k/]df 6'jfOn]6 k]k/ tyf cGo n'ufsf] plrt Joj:yf u/]/ hfg' k5{
 k|t]s k6s lbzf u/]kl5 dgtftf] kfgL n] ;lsG5 eg] ;kmf ug]{ / 5fnfnfO{ /fd|/L
;kmf ug{' k5{ . 5fnf g/d kg]{ ls|d h:t} M e];lng nufpg ;lsG5 .
 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ lgoldt ?kdf cf}iflwsf] k'/fdfqf vfg' k5{ .
 Tab metranitazole 400 mg lbgsf] # k6s vfgf kl5 % lbg ;Dd vfbf pko'St x'G5
 hnljof]hg sf] nIf0fx? h:t} M cf]7 ;'s]df, lha|f] ;'s]df, cfFvf tn w;]df, t'/Gt
:jf:YosdL{ sf] ;Nnfx lng' k5{ .
 emf8f kvfnf ;+u} Hj/f] cfPdf jf lb;fdf /ut b]vf k/]df t'/Gt 8fS6/ ;+u ;+ks{
vfVg' k5{ .
^=^ 5fnfsf] x]/rfx (Skin care):
Pr=cfO{=eL= ekl5 5fnfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;d:ofx? b]v kg{ ;S5g . h:t}M lknf] cfpg],
n'tf] nfUg], 8fa/ tyf kmf]sfx? b]lvg], bfb x'g] cflb .
5fnfnfO{ s;/L :j:y /fVg] <
 b}lgs ?kdf g'xfP/ laxfgLkvsf] 3fd tfKg] .
 olb 5fnf lrnfpg yfn]df dgtftf] kfgLn] g'xfpg] .
 5fnfdf 3fpx? b]lvP eg] ;do d} pkrf/ u/fpg] .
 5fnfnfO{ ;kmf /fVg b}lgs ?kdf ;fa'g kfgLn] g'xfpg] .

 5fnf lrnfPdf kfgLn] w'g'k5{ jf k+vfsf] xfjf nufpg' k5{ .
 5fnf ;'VjfePdf s]nfdfOg nf];g nufpg' k5{ .
 dxuf] ls|d tyf nf];gsf] ;§f e];lng, luln;/Lg, gl/on t]n O{Toflbsf] k|of]u ug'{
/fd|f] x'G5 .
 hlxn] klg g+uf sf6g' k5{ / clt w]/} lrnfpg] jfgL ePdf k+hf cyjf Unf]A; nufpg
;lsG5 .
 n'tf], x/kl; l;Dkn]S; O{Toflbsf] ;+qmd0f t ePsf] 5}g, a]nf a]nf x]l/ /fVg' k5{ .
 5fnf w]/} lrnfPdf ;]l6«lhg cf}iflwsf] k|of]u s]lx ;dosf] nflu ug{ ;lsG5 .
^=& rSs/ nfUg' (Dizziness):
PlkmEof/]Gh -O=Pkm=eL=_ cf}iflw ln“ bf o:tf k|lts"n c;/x? b]vf kg{ ;Sb5g . s]xL
xKtfkl5 tL c;/x? cfkm} x/fp“ 5g .
 l/Ë6f nfUof] eg] To;sf] cg'ej gx6];Dd al;/fVg] .
 s'g} klg ux|f}+ ;fdfg gp7fpg] / l5§} xnrn gug]{ .
 O=Pkm=eL= ;'Tg hfg' cl3 lng] .
 rSs/ nfUg] ljltSs} tn a:g' k5{ / 3'8f eGbf tn 6fpsf] vfVg' k5{ , h;n] ubf{
lbdfudf cflS;hg k|ofKt dfqfdf hfG5 .
 tn eF'Odf ;'Tg] / v'§f dfyL prfnL ;'Tg] .
 k|ofKt dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{ vfg lbg' k5{ . h:t} M kfgL, h';, bfnsf] /; O{= .
 la:tf/} e'Oaf6 cyjf a;]sf] af6 p7g' k5{ .
 k|;:t dfqfdf zlStbfos vfgf vfg' k5{ .
 ;+t'lnt vfgf vfg' k5{ .
 xl/of] ;fukft k|;:t dfqfdf vfg' k5{ h;n] ubf{ k|;:t cfO/g k|fKt ub{5 .
 k|;:t dfqfdf :jR5 xfjfdf a:g' k5{ .
 w]/} sl;nf] skª fx? gnufpg' xf]nf .
 k|lts'n c;/ /lx/x]df 8fS6/ sxf“ hrfpg hfg' k5{ .
^=* Hj/f] cfpg' (Fever):
Hj/f] cfkm}df s'g} /f]u xf}Og, of] cfp“ 5 / lgsf] klg x'G5 . of] pkrf/ ug{ ;slg] :jf:Yo
;d:of xf] . Hj/f] Ifo/f]u, tNnf] k]6df ;+s|d0f, sf]vsf] ;+s|d0fsf] nIf0f xf] t/ s] sf/0fn]
Hjf/f] cfPsf] xf] eg]/ hfGgeg] k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . Hj/f] ;+s|d0fsf sf/0faf6 ePsf] xf] eg]
cf}iflw ;]jg ug'{k5{ .
Hj/f] hf“ Rgsf nflu ydf{ld6/sf] k|of]u ug'{xf]; cyjf Ps xft la/fdL JolQmsf] lgwf/df /
csf]{ xft cfº gf] lgwf/df /fVg xf]; . p;sf] 6fpsf]df a9L tftf] eP p;nfO{ Hj/f] cfPsf]
x'g;S5 .
 k|;:tdfqfdf emf]n kbfy{x? h:t} M kfgL, h';, bfnsf] /; O{= k|;:t vfg' k5{ .

 k|;:t dfqfdf cf/fd ug'{ k5{ , h;n] ysfg sd u5{ , .
 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ cf}iflw vfg' k5{+ . olb PlG6jfof]l6S; lbPsf] 5eg] k'/fdfqfdf
vfg' k5{ .
 cfkm'nfO{ ;+rf] gePsf] a]nf Hj/f] gfKg' k5{ . olb (()
F
eGbf al9 cfPdf #– $ 3+6f
kl5 km]l/ gfKg' k5{ / /]s8{ /fVg' k5{ / 8fS6/nfO{ hrfpg hfg' k5{ .
 :kf]Ghjfy / k+vfdf w]/} lj/fdLnfO{ /fVg' x'b}g, h;n] lj/fdLnfO{ sDkGg cfpg ;Sf5 .
sDkGg cfPsf] j]nf emg Hj/f] a9g ;S5 , t;y{ ;se/ Hj/f] sd ug]{ pkfox?
ckgfpg' k5{ .
 5fnfnfO{ ;'vf /fVg' k5{ / ;'tLsf] kftnf] skª f nufpg' k5{ .
 sDkGg cfpdf M kl;gfn] skª f leh]sf] 5eg] km]g{' k5{ , lr;f] k]o kbfy{ vfg' x'b}g,
tftf] emf]n kbfy{ vfg lbg' k5{ , t'/Gt g'xfpg' x'b}g, lr;f] e'O{df lx8bf df]hf tyf
h'tf nufpg' k5{ / xft tyf v'§fsf] cf}nf x? nfO{ tf}lnof lnP/ 5f]k]/ /fVg' k5{ .
z/L/sf] ;j} efu 5f]k]/ /fVg' x'b}g, h;n] Hj/f] a9g ;S5 .
 kfgL k§L lbg' k5{ .
 k|;:t dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{x? h:t} M ;'k, kfgL, hLjghn, h"; O{Toflb jf/Djf/ vfg' k5{ .
 Ps rSsL l;6fdf]n -%)) ldnLu|fd_ t'/Gt lbg' k5{ / cf7 3+6fsf] km/sdf # k6s
;Dd lbg ;lsG5 .
 !)!0F
eGbf al9 Hj/f] cfPdf 8fS6/ sxfF hrfpg hfg k5{ .
Hj/f] sfd ug]{ 3/]n' pkfox?
 lr/fO{tf]nfO{ kfgLdf ksfP/ lkpg] .
 kfl/hft / c;'/f]sf] kft ld/fO{ lrof agfP/ lkpg] .
 gLdnfO{ kfgLdf ksP/ lkpg] .
 lr;f]sf] sf/0f Hj/f] cfPdf lrofdf t'n;Lsf] kft % j6f, NjfË / dl/rsf] bfgf #
j6f / la/] g"g ! lrD6L xfn]/ lkpg] .
 Hj/f] cfkm}df s'g} /f]u geO{ cGo /f]usf] nIf0f dfq xf] . To;}n] Hj/f] cfpg'sf] sf/0f
kQf nufO{ cfjZos pkrf/ u/fpg' kb{5 .
^=( la;{g] afgL (Forgetfulness):
 b}lgs tyf xKtfsf] tfnLsf agfpg' k5{ / ;f]lx tfnLsf cg';f/ lgoldt sfd ug{' k5{
 lgoldt 8fo/L n]Vg] afgL a;fNg' xf]; / cfkmgf] sfdx?, sfo{ tfnLsf tyf ?l6g
lgoldt n]Vg' xf]; . ;+emg] ljlts} cyjf t}of/ kfg]{ ljlts} of]hgfx? 8fo/Ldf n]Vg]
jfgL a;fNg' k5{ .
 dxTjk"0f{ ltly ldtL tyfsfo{s|dx? cfº gf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;demfpg eGg'
k5{
 ;fdfgx? ;w} Pp6f lglZrt 7fpdf /fVg] jfgL a;fNg' k5{ , h:t} M ;f“ rf], h"tf,
skª f, k};f O{= .
 vfg] cf}iflwx? /fd|/L ldnfP/ ;lhn} pknAw x'g] 7fp“ df /fVg' k5{ .

 ;fyL efO{ tyf ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm' la;]{df ;demgsf] nflu elg/fVg' kb{5
 hf“ 8, /S;L tyf pQ]hgf k}bf ug]{ vfnsf] cf}iflw tyf k]o kbfy{ 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx
lagf vfg' x'b}g , h:t} M ;f]8f, sf]s, slkm, sf]lsg O{= .
 /ftL lj5f}ogfdf rf“ 8} lgoldt ;dodf ;'Tg] / rf“ 8] ljxfg p7g] jfgL a;fNg' k5{
. /ftLsf] /fd|f] ;'tfO{n] ljxfg :km'tL{ lbg'sf] ;fy} lbdfu tfhf /fVb5 .
 8fS6/n] lbPsf] cf}iflwsf] ;]jg lgoldt ug'{xf]; / ;fO8 OGkm]S6; b]vf k/]df t'/Gt
vj/ ug'{ xf]; .
 lbp;f] w]/} ;do ;Dd ;'Tg] jfgL 5f]8g' k5{ / 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu s]lx a]/ c/fd ug'{
pko'St x'G5 .
^=!) sdhf]/L dx;'; x'g' (Loss of strength / fatigue):
 P8; nfu]sf JolStx?n] k|foM ysfgsf] dx;'; ub{5g . ysfgsf sf/0fx?df M z/L/df
xd{g sf] sdL, /St cNktf, lrGtf, zf]s, /f]un] Rofkb} hfg', z/L/sf c+ux? sf]
sfddf sdL cfpg', lgGb|f sd nfUg', Jofofd sd ug'{, Sofg;/x?, kf]if0fsf] sdL,
cf}iflwsf] ;fO8 Okm]S6;, tyf ljleGg lslsdsf ;+s|d0fx? O{Toflb x'g .
 w]/} ufx|f] tyf nfdf] ;do ;Dd Pp6} sfd gug'{ xf]; . lj:tf/} c/fd ub]{ sfd ug'{ xf];
 k|;:t dfqfdf zlSt bfos k]o kbfy{x? vfg] jfgL a;fNg' xf];, h:t} M Un'sf]h,
hLjghn / h"; O{= .
 ;'t]/ p7bf em§ gpleg' xf]; . lj:tf/} klxnf a:g'xf]; / clgdfq p7g' xf]; .
 lbgdf @– # s];/f n;'g vfg ;lsG5 .
 vfgf ksfpbf w]/} gksfpg' xf];, h;n] vfgfsf] eL6fdLg gfz x'G5 .
 k|ofKt c/fd lng' xf]; / tgfj sd ug]{ ls|ofsnfkx? H:t} M nfdf] nfdf] Zjf; lng] ,
Wofg, zfGt jftfj/0fdf a:g], d;fh, ;+uLt ;'Gg], s'g} g s'g} sfddf nflu /xg], vfnL
;dodf k9g] jfgL, tftf] kfgL n] g'xfpg] h:tf sfo{x? ug{' cToGt pko'St x'G5 .
 nfdf] sfdsf] aLr aLrdf c/fd ug{' pko'St x'G5 .
 b]lgs lx8g] jfgL a;fNg' xf]; . vf;u/L ljxfg / a]n'sfsf] lx8fO{n] lgs} kmfObf u5{ .
o;n] tgfj, zf]s tyf ysfO{ jf6 c/fd lbG5 .
 vfgfdf xl/of] ;fukft, u]8fu'8L, kmnk'mn, ;nfb, t/sf/L, bxL O{Toflbsf] dfqf a9fpg' xf]; .
 vfgfdf w]/} lrNnf], lk/f], cldnf] tyf u'lno j:t'sf] k|of]u gug{' g} /fd|f] x'G5 .
 hf“ 8 /S;L, slkm, sf]s, lrof h:tf k]o kbfy{sf] k|of]u gug'{ g} /fd|f] xf] .
^=!! jfsjfsL nfUg' (Nausea):
jfsfsL nfUbf tyf jfGtf eO/x“ bf dflg;nfO{ vfg / lkpg ufx|f] kg]{ u5{ h;n] ubf{ dflg;
sdhf]/ / s'kf]lift x'G5 / hnljof]hg klg x'G5 . s]xL dflg;x?df jfsjfsL / jfGtf w]/}
lbg;Dd eO{ /fVb5g .
jfsjfsL jf jfGtf Pr=cfO={eL= ;+s|d0fs} sf/0fn] ePsf] ePklg slxn]sf“ xL tn plNnlvt
sf/0fx?n] klg x'g ;S5M

 ljleGg ;+qmd0f x'“ bf
 cf}iflwx?sf] ;]jg ubf{
 k]6 jf cfGb|fx?sf] ;d:of x'“ bf .
 cf]=cf/=P;= -hLjghn÷gjhLjg_ sf] k|of]u k|ofKt dfqfdf ug'{ xf]; .
 jfsjfsL nfUg] u+w, a:t', cfafh OToflb jf6 6f9} a:g' xf]; .
 ;kmf :jR5 xfjfdf nfdf] nfdf] Zjf; lng' xf];.
 cfk"mnfO{ dgkg]{ af:gfx? h:t} sfutL, cb'jf O{Toflbsf] ;'uGw lng' xf]; .
 cb'jf, Njf+u, O{) cfº gf] :jfb / k;Gb cg';f/ d'vdf /fvL rkfpg ;lsG5 .
 cfk"mnfO{ cfgGb lbg] s'/fdf cfº gf] Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{ / /fd|f] rLh x]g]{ .
 tf/]sf], t]n a9L ePsf] vfg]s'/f tyf hf“ 8 /S;L sf] k|of]u ug'{ x'b}g .
 yf]/} yf]/} vfgf w]/} k6s vfbf /fd|f] x'G5 . Ps} k6s w]/} vfg gvfg' /fd|f] x'G5 . ;lhn}
kRg] tyf emf]n kbfy{ o'St vfgf vfg' k5{ .
 ;'Vjf rLh h:t} M e'6]sf] ds}, e6df;, 6f]:6 O{= vfbf pko'St x'G5 .
 vfgf k5f8L sDtLdf #) ldg]6 c/fd ug'{ pko'St x'G5 .
 cfkm"nfO{ lj;Grf] cg'ej ePsf] a]nf vfg]s'/f vfO{ /fVg' k5{ . vfnL k]6 a:g' x'b}g .
 vfg dg gnfu]sf] a]nf cfk'mnfO{ dgkg]{ vfg]s'/fx? Vffg' xf]; .
 8fS6/n] lbPsf] cf}iflw l7s ;dodf vfg' xf]; . s'g} g/fd|f] c;/x? b]vf k/]df t'/Gt
8fS6/nfO{ ;+ks{ ug'{ xf]; .
 l5g l5gdf kfgL lkpg] tyf emf]n rLh vfg] jfgL a;fNg' k5{ .
 Tab Domperidon (10-20mg) !@– !@ 3+6fdf @ lbg ;Dd vfg lbg ;lsG5 .
 emf8f kvfnf ;+u} Hj/f] cfPdf cyjf lb;fdf /ut b]lvPdf t'/Gt 8fS6/ ;+u ;+ks{
/fVg' k5{ .
 P=cf/=6L= cf}iflwnfO{ vfgf;“ u lng'xf]; .
 pN6L aGb gx'Gh]npdfn]sf] ;kmf kfgL, lkmSsf lrof cyjf k'gh{nLs/0f ug]{ hLjghn
/fg'xf]; .
 d;nfo'Qm vfgf jf tf/]sf] vfgf gvfg'xf]; .
 w]/} k]6 b'v]df .
 Hj/f] cfPdf .
 pN6Ldf /ut b]vfk/]df .
 PslbgeGbf a9L pN6L cfPdf jf eO/x]df .
 w]/} ltvf{ nfUg] t/ /fd|/L vfg / lkpg g;Sg] ePdf .
 jfsjfsL / pN6L sd gePdf jf cem v/fa x'“ b} uPdf .

^=!@ /ftL kl;df cfpg' (Night Sweats):
 5fnf ;'vf tyf Gofgf] /fVg' xf]; .
 ;'tL skf8f nufpg' xf]; / w]/} df]6f] l;/s tyf w]/} j6f sDjn g cf]8g' xf]; .
 emofn tyf e]G6Ln]l;g sf] Joj:yf ;'Tg] sf]7fdf k|ofKt /fVg' xf]; .
 k|;:t dfqfdf emf]nrLh h:t} M kfgL, h";, /; O{= vfg] ug{' xf]; .
 rL;f] kfgL lgoldt vfg' k5{ .
 wf/fsf] kfgLdf sk8f lehfO{ hLp k'5g' k5{ .
 j]8 l;6 tyf nufPsf] sk8f lgoldt ?kdf km]g]{ ug{' k5{ .
 cTolws al9 kl;gf cfPdf tlsof dfyLjf6 tf}lnof /fVg' xf]; .
 k|t]s lbg leh]sf] sk8fx? ;'Vjf kfg'{ xf]; .
 8fS6/ sf] ;Nnfx lagf s'g} cf}iflw vfg' x'b}g / cTolws kl;gf a9]df 8fS6/ nfO{
vj/ ug'{ k5{ .
^=!# xft v'§f emdemd ug{' (Pain and Tingling in hands, legs & feet)
 rL;f]sf] sf/0fn] xft v'§f emdemd u/]df tftf] kfgLn Last point ;]Sg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
 udL{ dlxgf tftf]sf] sf/0fn] emdemd u/]df lr;f] kfgLdf v'§f !) ldg]6 hlt 8'jfpbf
c/fd x'G5 .
 xft tyf v'§f 6fpsf] eGbf dfyL ;'t]sf] a]nf p7fP/ /fVbf /fd|f] x'G5 .
 xft tyf v'§fsf] Jofofd lgoldt ?kdf ug{' cToGt /fd|f] x'G5 .
 xft tyf v'§fsf] dfln; ug'{ kmfObf hgs x'G5 .
 xn'sf c/fdbfoL r]K6f] ;f]n ePsf] h'tf nufpg' pko'St x'G5 .
 w]/} ;do ;Dd Pp6} :yfgdf pleg' jf lx8g' x'b}g . aLr aLrdf c/fd lng' k5{ .
 ;'tLsf] df]hf nufpg' k5{ , h;n] kl;gf ;f]:5 / c/fd lbG5 .
 xftnfO{ Gofgf] /fVg' k5{ t/ w]/} u/d /fVg' x'b}g, h;n] kl;gf cfFp5 .
 cTolws kl;gf cfPdf /utdf rLgLsf] dfqf hf“ r u/fpg' k5{ , lsgls dwd]x
/f]udf klg cTolws kl;gf cfFp5 .
 Ps rSsL kf/fl;6fdf]n (Tab. Paracetamol 500mg) vfg ;lsG5 .
 6fpsf] b'v]df M 6fpsf]df leS;, afd O{Toflb nufpg ;lsG5 / Ps dgtftf] kfgLdf
v'§f 8'jfO{ s]lx j]/ /fVg' k5{ .
 lbgdf @– # k6s a|'km]gsf] rSsL (Tab. Brufen 400mg) vfgf kl5 @– # k6s vfg lbg' k5{ .
 nIf0fx? ;+rf] gePdf 8fS6/ ;+u ;+ks{ /fVg' k5{ .

 hf]8df b'v]df Diclomol -8fOsnf]df]n÷ef]e/fg_ cyjf Voveran dnxd @– # k6s @– #
lbg ;Dd nufpg' kmfObf hgs x'G5 / nIf0f sd gePdf t'/Gt 8fS6/ sxf“ k7fpg' k5{ .
 P8; nfu]sf JolStx?df ljleGg le6fldgsf] sdL, cf}iflwsf] ;fO8 Ok]mS6;, l6= jL=
cf}iflwsf] k|of]u tyf ;fO8 Okm]S6;, Sofg;/, rLgLsf] /f]u, hg} vl6/f tyf ljleGg
;+s|d0fx?n] ubf{ xft v'§fx? emd emd ul//xG5g .
^=!$ ;fF; km]g{ ufx|f] ePdf (Shortness of breath)
 Zjf; lng ufx|f] ePsf] a]nf ;'Tg' x'b}g, a:g' k5{ jf c8]; nfu]/ c/fd ug{' k5{ .
 b}lgs ljxfg a]n'sf 3'Dg' cToGt /fd|f] xf] . b}lgs Jofofdn] sdhf]/ ePsf 5ftLsf]
dfF;k]zLnfO{ alnof] kf5{ / ;fF; km]g{ ;xh agfp5 .
 Zjf; k|Zjf;sf] Joofdx? h:t} M nfdf] ;f“ ; lng' xf]; / cf]7 6;fO{ b'O{u'gf ;do
nufP/ jflx/ kmNg'xf];, lgoldt ?kn] nfdf] ;fF; lng] / jflx/ kmfNg] ug'{ xf];,
gfsjf6 Zjf; lnO{ d'vjf6 kmfNg] h:tf cEof;x? b}lgs @– # k6s !)– !% ldg]6
;Dd ubf{ lgs} kmfObf x'G5 .
 cTolws Zjf; a9]df 8fS6/nfO{ vj/ ug'{ xf]; .
^=!% 5fnfsf] 3fp (Skin abscess/boils):
 5fnfdf 3fp cfPdf tftf] kfgLn] ;]Sg' k5{ .
 g'g kfgLdf sk8f lehfP/ ;]Sg ;lsG5 .
 klktf -d]jf_ pl;g]/ t/sf/L vfg ;lsG5 .
 3fp kfs]df lkk aufpg' k5{ / g'g kfgLn] 3fp ;kmf /fVg' k5{ / ;kmf sk8fn] k'5g' k5{ .
 a]6fl8g emf]n cf}iflw kfPdf pSt cf}iflwn] 3fp ;kmf ug{' k5{ / ;kmf sk8fn] k§L
nufpg' k5{ .
 k|f]l6g o'St vfgfx? bfn, b"w, u]8fu'8L / le6fldg ;L= ePsf vfgfx? h:t} M sfutL
O{= k|;:t vfg' k5{ , h;n] 3fp lgsf] kfg{ dbt ub{5 .
^=!^ 5fnfdf kmf]sf cfpg' (Skin blister)
 kf]6f; kfgLn] 3fp ;kmf ug{ k5{ . kmf]sf k'm6fO{ kf]6f; kfgLn] ;kmf ug'{ k5{ .
 kmf]sfx?df lr;f] k§Ln] ;]Sg' k5{ .
 b'vfO{ sdug{] cf}iflwx? lgoldt ?kdf vfg' k5{ .
^=!& 5fnfdf ljld/f cfpg' (Skin rash)
 lgoldt ?kdf :gfg ug'{ k5{ . l86f]n ;fa'gsf] k|of]u ug'{ /fd|f] xf] .
 lr;f] kfgLn] g'xfpg' x'b}g . dgtftf] kfgLn] g'xfpg' k5{ .

 g'xfP kl5 5fnf tf]]}lnof cyjf wfddf k"0f{ ?kn] ;'sfpg' k5{ .
 5fnf g/d kfg]{ ls|d tyf nf];gx? nufpg'' k5{ t/ :k|L6 -cnsf]xn_ ldl>t nf];gx?
nufpg' x'b}g .
 Pnf]e]/f tyf g]r'/n ag:klt ldl>t ls|dx?sf] k|of]u kmfObf hgs x'G5 .
 5fnfsf] s'g} 7fFpjf6 /ut cfPdf ;kmfsk8f cyjf j]G8h nufpg' k5{ / c? Effudf
k}ng jf6 /f]Sg' k5{ .
 af:gfo'St ;fa'gsf] k|of]u ug{' /fd|f] xf]Og .
 k|;:t kfgL vfg' k5{ .
 ;'Vjf xfjf 5fnfnfO{ s8f kf5{ t;y{ cfb|tf al9 ePsf] xfjfsf] k|of]u 5fnfsf] nflu /fd|f] xf] .
 ;'tLsf] g/d sk8f nufpg' k5{ 5fnfnfO{ lrnfpg] sk8f k|of]u ug{' x'b}g .
 3fd w]/} ePsf] a]nf 6f]kL -x]6_ sf] k|of]u ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 .
 w]/} ;]gl;l6e -lrnfpg]_ 5fnfdf sDan tyf df]6f] sk8fn] 5f]Kg' x'b}g . h:t} M v'§fdf
cK7of/f] ePdf tlsof /fv]/ sk8f dfyL kfg{ ;lsG5 .
 lrnfpg] sdug]{ cf}iflwx? 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ vfg lbg' k5{ .
 v'Vjf 5fnfdf gl/onsf] t]n cyjf e];lng lgoldt nufpg' k5{ .
 5fnfdf s'g} gof“ kl/jt{g b]vf k/]df t'/Gt 8fS6/ ;+u ;+ks{ /fVg' k5{
 xft v'§f lgoldt ?kdf w]/} k6s ;kmf /fVg' k5{ .
 tf}lnof tyf n'ufx? c? df ;+u ;f6f ;f6 ug{' kb}{g .
 5fnfdf k};f, s}of] tyf lkgn] sf]g{ x'b}g .
 sf]nfdfOg nf];g (Calamine lotion), e];lng tyf k]6«f]lnod h]nL O{Toflb nufpbf
lrnfpg sd x'G5 .
 cfFvf, d'v tyf u'Ktfª df lrnfpg yfn]df t'/Gt 8fS6/nfO{ hrfpg' k5{ .
^=!* xft v'§f ;lGgg] (Swelling of Arms, Hands and Feet)
 al;/x]sf] a]nf xft v'§f dfyL kf/]/ c/fd ;+u /fVg' k5{ .
 w]/} nfdf] ;do ;Dd pleg' tyf lx88'n ug{' x'b}g .
 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ xft v'§fdf dnxd nufpg' k5{ .
 xft v'§fnfO{ dgtftf] kfgLdf 8'jfP/ /fVg' k5{ .
 tftf] kfgL vfg] afgL ug'{ /fd|f] xf], o;n] slAhot tyf /St ;+rf/nfO{ /fd|f] kf5{ .
 w]/} g'g tyf g'lgnf] vfg]s/fx? sd dfqfdf k|of]u ug'{ k5{ .
^=!( lgGb|f gnfUg] (Trouble sleeping /insomnia)
 /ftL rf8} ;'Tg] tyf ljxfg rf“ 8} p7g] jfgL a;fNg' k5{ .
 lbp;f] 5f]6f] ;dosf] nflu c/fd ug{' /fd|f] x'G5 .
 dgtftf] kfgLn] ;'Tg' cuf8L :gfg ug{' kmfObf hgs x'G5 .

 /ftL ;'Tg] a]nfdf tftf] b"w cyjf xa{n lrof vfg' kmfObf hgs x'G5 . /ftL w]/} kfgL vfbf
;'t]sf] a]nf cK7of/f] eO{ lk;fa km]g{ p7g' kg]{ x'G5 , t;y{ w]/} kfgL /ftL vfg' x'b}g .
 b}lgs $– % 3+6f Joofd z/L/sf] nflu /fd|f] x'G5 . /ftL ;'Tg] a]nfdf Jofofdn] lgGb|f
kg]{df ;d:of Nofpg ;S5 .
 ;'Tg' cuf8L s]lx rfv nfUbf] s'/fx? k9g] jfgL a;fNg' /fd|f] xf] .
 cfk"mnfO{ rflxPsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ tlsofsf] k|of]u ul/ ;'Tg ;lsG5 .
 dw'/ ;+uLtx? /ftL ;'Gg' /fd|f] x'G5 jf dxTjk"0f{ k|jrgx? sf] 6]k ;'Gg' kmfObf hgs x'G5 .
 lgGb|f nfUg] rSsLsf] k|of]u 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfx ljgf k|of]u ug{' x'b}g . o;n] tkfO{nfO{
pSt rSsLdf lge{/ kfg{ ;S5 .
 aflx/ jf6 ;'Tg] sf]7fdf cfjfh cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;fgf] :j/df dw'/ cfjfh ePsf]
;+uLt ahfO{ ;'Tg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
 sfgdf skf; jf sfg aGb ug]{ a:t'sf] k|of]u ul/ ;'Tbf /fd|f] x'G5 .
^=@) tf}n 36g' (Weight loss):
 k|ofKt dfqfdf vfgf tyf k]o kbfy{x? vfg' xf]; .
 w]/} k6s yf]/} yf]/} vfg] jfgL a;fNg' k5{ .
 le6fldgx? lgoldt ?kdf vfg' k5{ .
 vfgfdf n;'gsf] dfqf a9fpg' k5{ .
 lgoldt ?kdf cfº gf] tf}n lng' k5{ / cfº gf] tf}n Pp6f lglZrt cj:yfdf /fVg'
k5{ .
 vfgf ;fyLnfO{ tyf kl/jf/sf] ;b:o ;+u ldn]/ ksfpg' k5{ / ;+u} a;]/ vfg' k5{.
 k|f]l6g tyf zlStbfos vfgfx? h:t} M abfd, ;]G8ljr, rLh, vL/, blx O{Tolbsf] dfqf
k|;:t lng' k5{ .
 ljxfgsf] gf:tfdf b"w tyf kmnk'mn lgoldt vfg' pko'St x'G5 .
 k|t]s lbg z/L/nfO{ rflxg] le6fldgsf] dfqf vfgfdf tyf yk rSsLsf] ?kdf lgoldt
;]jg ug{' pko'St x'G5 .
 t'/Gt ksfpg ;Sg] vfgfx? /fVg' xf]; .
 tfhf kmnkm'n tyf t/sf/L vfg] jfgL a;fNg' xf]; .
 ofqf ubf{ al9 zlStbfos vf4 kbfy{x? kfp8/ tyf s]s sf] ?kdf af]ls /fVbf
rflxPsf] ;dodf sfd lbG5 .
 xNsf cEof;n] vfg] OR5f a9fp5 .
 d'vdf 3fp eO{ rkfpg cK7of/f] ePdf 8fS6/ ;+u t'/Gt pkrf/ u/fpg' k5{ , h;n]
vfgf rkfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
 xa{n lrof cyjf n]dg u|f; 6L= n] vfgfsf] ?rL a9fp5 .
 ;se/ d'vdf 3fp ePsf] a]nf tftf] rLh vfg' x'b}g . lr;f] vfgfsf] k|of]u a9fpg' k5{
. h:t} M blx cfO;ls|d O{= .

 vfgfnfO{ bfndf, b"wdf cyjf emf]ndf ld;fP/ vfg' pko'St x'G5 .
 d;nf w]/} ePsf], lk/f], lrNnf] tyf Pl;l8s k]o kbfy{x? h:t} M ;'Gtf]nfsf] /;,
6df6/sf] /; O{Tolbsf] k|of]u gug{' g} /fd|f] xf] .
 n;'g tyf sfutL kfgLsf] k|of]u /fd|f] x'G5 .
 vfgfdf :jfb gnfu]df yk s]lx d;nf, g'g O{= sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
 cfk"mnfO{ dg kg]{ crf/ tyf vfg] a:t' lgoldt hu8f] /fVg' k5{ .
^=@! d'vdf ;]tf] 3fp x'g' (White Spots in Mouth/Oral Thrush)
d'v tyf 3f“ 6Ldf hDg] ;]tf] n]knfO{ y|; elgG5, h;sf] sf/0fn] d'v tyf 3f“ 6Ldf
vl6/fx? cfpg] ub{5g . cj;/jfbL /f]ux? nfUb}df cflQg' kb}{g, :jf:ysdL{sf] ;Nnfx
lnP/ tyf ;dod} 3/]n' pkrf/ ckgfP/ klg cj;/jfbL /f]ux?nfO{ lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 .
 g/d vfgf vfg] jfgL /fd|f] xf] .
 g'g kfgLn] s'Nnf ug'{ k5{ / ;f]8f jfosfaf]{g]6 emf]nn] d'v ;kmf /fVg' k5{ .
 d'vdf z'4 luln;l/g nufpg' k5{ .
 d'vdf G.V. pain -cf}iflw_ sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 / nIf0f a9b} hfbf sf]l6«dfhf]n r':g]
cf}iflw r':g lbg' k5{ .
 cf}iflw vfbf klg ;+rf] gePdf 8fS6/ ;+u ;Nnfx lng k7fpg' k5{ .
^=@@ of]gL lrnfpg' , kf]Ng' tyf ;]tf] kfgL aUg' (Vaginal Itching, Burning & Discharge)
 s6gsf] cG8/j]o/ nufpg' k5{ / o;nfO{ ;do ;dodf abNg' k5{ .
 af:gfo'St k]G6L tyf k]8sf] k|of]u ug'{ x'b}g .
 w]/} 6fO6 lkml6+u sk8f nufpg' x'b}g , h:t} M 6fO6 lhg tyf gfOng sf] df}hf
nufpg' x'b}g .
 blxsf] k|of]u lgoldt ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . lsgls o;df 5f/ x'G5 .
 g'xfpbf g/d vfn] ;fagsf] k|of]u ug'{ k5{ . al8 :k|], 6jfOn]6 k]k/ tyf ;]G6x?sf]
k|of]u gug{' pQd x'G5 .
 ;+ef]u ls|of M o:tf] cj:yfdf gug'{ g} /fd|f] x'G5 . ug]{k/]df s08dsf] k|of]u clgjfo{
?kdf ug'{ k5{ . d'v d}yg ug{' x'b}g, o;n] d'vdf ePsf] km+u; ;g]{ ;+efjgf x'G5 .
 g'g kfgL cyjf kf]6f; kfgLn] u'Ktf+u lgoldt ;kmf /fVg' k5{ .
 la6fl8g cyjf l86f]n xfn]/ dg tftf] kfgLdf rfs 8'jfO{ -l;h jfy_ lng' /fd|f] x'G5 .
^=@# /St– cNktf (Anemia)
/St cNktf s] xf] <
/St cNktf x]df]Unf]aLgsf] -Pr hL aL _ cefj jf sdLaf6 x'g] ;d:of xf] . Pr hL aL /ftf]
/St sf]lifsfdf kfO{g] k|f]6Lg xf], h;n] kmf]S;f]jf6 cS;Lhg lnP/ z/L/sf] ;Dk'0f{ efudf
k'¥ofpFb5 . /St cNktfsf] sf/0fn] ysfg, Zjf; k|Zjf; a9g] / l/Ë6f nfUg] x'G5 . /St

cNktf ePsf dflg;x?n] ;fdfGo dfqfdf Pr hL aL ePsf] dflg;n] h:tf] dxz'; ug{ ;Sb}g
. pgLx?nfO{ zf/Ll/s sfd ug{ ufXf] x'G5 . o;nfO{ lgDg u'0f:t/ ePsf] hLjg dflgG5 . Pr
hL aLnfO{ k'0f{ /ut u0fgf -;L aL ;L _sf] efusf] ?kdf dfkg ul/G5 . Pr hL aLnfO{ lglZrt
kl/df0f a/fa/sf] gd"gfdf k|To]s u|fdsf] 8];LnL6/df dfkg ul/G5 . /St cNktfnfO{ Pr hL
aLsf] dfqfsf] cfwf/df AofVof ul/G5 . clwsf+z :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfosx? ^=% eGbf tnsf] Pr
hL aL dfqfn] cToGt} vt/gfs /St cNktftkm{ ;+s]t ug]{ s'/fdf ;xdt 5g . Pr hL aLsf]
;fdfGo dfqf sDtLdf klg dlxnfdf !@ / k'?ifdf !$ xf] . ;du|df, Pr hL aLsf] dfqf
dlxnfdf sd x'G5 . ;fy} w]/} j[4 tyf o'jfx?df klg of] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . cGo hghfltsf]
t'ngfdf w]/} clkm|sL– cd]/LsLx?df /St cNktf ;DaGwL ;d:of 5 .
xf8sf] df;Ln] /ftf] /St sf]lifsfx? pTkfbg ub{5g . o; k|s[ofdf kmnfd, le6fdLg aL !@ /
kmf]nLs P;L8sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . O{/Ly|f]k|f]6Lgn] -O{ kL cf] _ /ftf] /St sf]lifsfx?sf] pTkfbg
sfo{nfO{ ;s[o agfpFb5 . of] d[uf}nf4f/f lgld{t xdf]{g xf] . z/L/n] kof{Kt dfqfdf /ftf] /St
sf]lifsfx? lgdf{0f ug{ g;s]df /St cNktf x'g ;Sb5 . of] ;d:of /ftf] /St sf]lifsfx?sf]
Xf;af6 klg x'g ;Sb5 . o;sf w]/} sf/0fx? x'G5g M /St cNktfsf d'Vo sf/0f cToGt} sd
kmnfd, le6fdLg aL jf kmf]n]6 xf] . kmf]n]6sf] sdLn] d]ufnf]Anfl:6s gfds /St cNktf x'G5
h;df /ftf] /St sf]lifsf a9L / kx]nf] x'G5 . xf8sf] df;L jf d[uf}nfsf] v/faL . dlxnfdf
/h:jnf jf cfGtl/s /St>fjsf] sf/0f /utsf] gf; x'g' /ftf] /St sf]lifsfsf] Xf; -
x]df]nfO{6Ls_ Pr cfO{ eL ;+s|d0fsf] sf/0fn] /St cNktf x'g ;S5 . ;fy} Pr cfO{ eL
/f]ux?;Fu ;DaGwLt w]/} cj;/jfbL ;+s|d0fx? klg /St cNktfsf] sf/s x'g ;S5 . Pr cfO{
eL tyf ;DaGwLt ;+s|d0fx?sf] pkrf/df k|of]u ul/g] w]/} cf}iflwx?n] /St cNktf x'G5 .
/St cNktf / Pr cfO{ eL
/St cNktf w]/} dflg;x?nfO{ x'g ;S5 . Pr cfO{ eL klxrfg ul/Psf *)Ü eGbf clws
dflg;x?df /St cNktfsf] ;d:of x'G5 . uDeL/ Pr cfO{ eL /f]u ePsf / Go"g ;L8L$ u0fgf
ePsf dflg;x?df /St cNktfsf] dfqf pRr x'G5 . dflg;x?n] Pr cfO{ eL hLjf0f' lj?4
k|of]u ul/g] pkrf/ -P cf/ 6L_ k|of]usf] z'?jft u/]b]lv /St cNktf ;d:ofsf] sdL x'g
yfn]sf] 5 . uDeL/ /St cNktf t lj/n} x'G5 . oBlk P cf/ 6Ln] /St cNktf lgjf/0f ug{ eg]
;s]sf] 5}g . Pp6f j[xt cWoogn] $^ Ü lj/fdLdf dGb jf dWood vfnsf] /St cNktf x'g]
b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fy} P cf/ 6L k|of]usf] Ps jif{ k5L klg of] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .
t'ngfTds ?kn] ;fdfGo dflg;x? eGbf /St cNktf ePsf dflg;x?df Pr cfO{ eL j[l4 %
u'0ff a9L x'G5 . /St cNktf dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] vt/f;Fu klg ;DaGwLt 5 . /St cNktfsf]
pkrf/af6 of] vt/fnfO{ lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
/St cNktfsf] pkrf/ s;/L ul/G5 <
/St cNktfsf] pkrf/ o;sf] sf/0fdf e/ kb{5 . ;j{k|yd, nfdf];dob]lvsf] /St>fjsf] pkrf/
ug'{xf]; . o; cGtu{t cfGtl/s /St>fj, kfO{N; jf l56f] l56f] gfy|L km'6g] ;d:of kb{5g .

csf]{, kmnfd, le6fdLg aL jf kmf]n]6sf] sdLnfO{ 7Ls ug'{xf]; . /St cNktf x'g] cf}iflw vfg
/f]Sg'xf]; jf ;f]sf] dfqf 36fpg'xf]; .
dflysf] t/Lsfx?n] sfd gug{ klg ;Sb5 . ;fy} /St cNktf x'g] ;a} cf}iflw -k|of]u ul//x]sf]_
/f]Sg ;Dej gx'g klg ;Sb5 . o;sf] nflu yk b'O{j6f pkrf/ 5g, h:t} O{ kL cf] ;'O{ /
z/L/df gofF /ut xfNg] . O{ kL cf] -O{/Ly|f]kf]O{6Lg_ n] /ftf] /St sf]lifsfx?nfO{ ;s[o agfpFb5 .
;g !(*% df a}1flgsx?n] s[qLd O{ kL cf] agfpg] t/Lsf l;s]sf lyP . o;nfO{ ;fwf/0ft
xKtfsf] Ps k6s ;'O{4f/f 5fnfdf nufO{G5 . O{ kL cf] sf] ;a}eGbf k|rlnt Jofkfl/s gfd
k|f]s|L6 xf] . Pr cfO{ eL ;+s|ldtx?Dff ul/Psf] Pp6f 7"nf] cWoogdf O{ kL cf] ;'O{sf] k|of]un]
d[To'sf] b/nfO{ 36fPsf] kfO{Psf] lyof] . t/ gofF /ut xfNg] pkrf/n] d[To'sf] vt/fnfO{ a9fpg]
b]lvG5 . oxL vt/fsf] sf/0fn] /StcNktf pkrf/df gofF /ut lj/n} xfNg] ul/G5 . uDeL/
/StcNktfsf] nflu gofF /ut xfNg] sfo{ Pp6} dfq pkrf/sf] ?kdf lyof] . t/ o;n] ;+s|d0f
cfpg ;Sg] / z/L/sf] /f]u k|lt/f]w k|0ffnLnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg ;Sb5 . ;fy} o;n] Pr cfO{ eL
/f]ux?nfO{ l56f] j[l4 ug{] / Pr cfO{ eL ;+s|ldtx?sf] d[To'sf] vt/fnfO{ a9fpg ;Sg] b]lvPsf]
5 .
z/L/df cfO{/g tyf /utsf] dfqf cfjZostf eGbf sd x'g' g} /Qm– cNktf xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf
z/L/ sdhf] x'g] ub{5 .
 df5f, df;', s'v'/f, c08f, /StL, xl/of] ;fukft / kmnkm"n h:tf cfO{/go'Qm vfgfx? k|z:t
dfqfdf vfg' k5{ .
 vfgf ksfpgnfO{ ;s];Dd kmnfdsf ef“ 8fx? k|of]u ug'{ k5{ .
 ;s];Dd ;Gt'lnt ef]hg vfg' k5{ .
 vfgfx? ;s];Dd kmnfdsf ef“ 8fx?df ksfP/ vfg' kb{5 .
 z/L/df nfO{/g tyf /utsf] dfqf cfjZostf eGbf sd x'g' g} /Qm– cNktf xf] .
/Qm– cNktfsf] 3/]n' pkrf/
 t/a'hf, s]/f, c+u'/, ;'Gtnf, cgf/, cl~h/, la6, sfh', abfd, ltnsf] u]8f, km;L{sf]
u]8f, km;L{sf] laof“ , ;"o{d"vL km"nsf] laof“ , df5f, df;', c08f, tf]km", 6';f pd|]sf]
rgf, xl/of] ;fukft, ufh/, ;nud, uf]ne]8f, d';'/f]sf] bfn vfg' k5{ .
 :jf:YosdL{sf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ cfO{/g tyf kmf]lns Pl;8sf rSsLx? ;]jg u/]/ /Qm–
cNktfnfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .
^=@$ km+u; -9';L_ ;+s|d0f
km+u; x'g] ;+qmd0fx?sf] j0f{g ug{ jf km+u; ;+qmd0f g} ePsf] xf] eGg cln ufx|f] x'G5 lsgls
ltgLx? x]bf{ leGg leGg k|sf/sf x'G5g . s]xL km+u;sf ;+s|d0fx? 5fnfdf uf]nf], /ftf] jf
kfth:tf] wAaf h:tf b]lvG5g / lrnfpg] u5{g . P8; ePsf dlxnfx?df af/Daf/ of]gLdf
km+u;sf] ;+qmd0f eO/xg ;S5 . vf;u/L sfvLd'lg, cf}nfsf sfk, s'lxgf]sf] leqkl§, hf“ 3
j/k/, dlxnfsf] :tgd'lg / z/L/sf cGo ljleGg efux?df km+u; ;+qmd0f x'g] ub{5g .

^=@% hg}] vl6/f -kfgL kmf]sf 3fpx¿ / xlk{; l;DKn]S;_
hg} vl6/f efO;/sf] sf/0faf6 x'G5 . of] kfgL el/Psf] 3df}/f h:tf] eP/ cfpg ;'? u5{ /
s]xL ;do kl5 km'6g ;S5 . of] Hofb} kL8fbfoL x'G5 . w]/}h;f] cg'xf/, 9f8 / 5ftLdf cfpg]
u5{ . of] ePsf 7fp“ df kf]Ng] / clt b'Vg] ub{5 . 3df}/f jf 8fj/ cfPsf] s]xL ;do /xG5
t/ b'vfO{ eg] kl5;Dd klg /xg ;S5 . hg} vl6/f z/L/sf laleGg efux? h:t} 9f8, k]6 /
lt3|fsf] sfkdf cfpg] ub{5g . z'?df /ftf] 8fa/ b]vf kb{5g / kl5 km}lnP/ kf]Ng] ub{5g .
xlk{; eg]sf] s] xf] <
xlk{; l;DKn]S;n] hLjf0f'x¿ dflg;x¿df ;ª qmd0f x'g] hLjf0f'x¿sf] Pp6f ;d'xnfO{ hgfpF5 .
hg} vl6/fdf h:t} xlk{; l;DKn]S;df klg 5fnfx¿ b'Vg] vfnsf] xG5 . 3fpx¿ lrnfpg], 6g6g
ug]{ k|foMh;f] klxnf] ;+s]tx¿ x'g, lj:tf/} kmf]sf p75 h'g h'g kl5 k'm65 . ;ª qmd0f
:gfo'sf]lzsfdf cb[io ?kdf l:y/ eP/ /lx/G5 . o;nfO{ …nf6]G;LÚ -cb[iol:y/_ elgG5 . t/
of] k]m/L ;r]t gu/fO{sg -yfxf gkfO{_ / nIf0f gb]vfO jf k|i6 xflg k'¥ofpg] ;+s]t gb]vfO{sg
;lqmo x'G5 .
xlk{; l;DKn]S; hLJff0f' ! -Pr P; eL !_ sf] sf/0faf6 k|foM kfgL el/Psf] vl6/f -d'vdf
vl6/f_ d'vsf] j/Lk/L x'G5 . Pr P; eL @ sf] sf/0faf6 ;fdfGotof hg]lGb|odf vl6/f cfpF5 .
tyfkL, of}glqmofsnfksf] dfWodaf6, Pr P; eL ! n] hg]lGb|osf] j/Lk/L / Pr P; eL @
d'vsf] j/Lk/L ;ª qmd0f ug{ ;S5 .
Pr P; eL @ sf] ;ª qmd0f dlxnfx¿nfO{ al9 x'G5 . o;sf] ;ª qmd0f k|To]s $ hgf dlxnf
dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ x'G5 / k'¿ifsf] af/]df eGg'kb{f k|To]s kfFr hgfdf Ps hgfnfO{ x'G5 .
hg]lGb|osf] ;ª qmd0fsf] sf/0faf6 aRrfx¿sf] nflu k|f0f3fts ;ª qmd0f x'g;S5 . olb
dlxnfnfO{ aRRff hGdfpg] ;dolt/ ;lqmo hg]lGb|o ;ª qmd0f 5 eg], k|foM h;f] k]6 lr/]/
aRrf hGdfOG5 .
;fdfGo k|lt/f]wfTds k|0ffnL ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ klg Pr P; eL bf]xf]l/g ;S5 . nfdf] cjlw
/lx xk]{; 3l/3l/ bf]xl/g' k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL sdhf]/ x'g'sf] nIf0f xf] . of] Pr cfO{ eL ePsfx?df
/ %) aif{ eGbf dflysfdf x'G5 . efUoj; oL nfdf] cjlwsf >[+vnfx? h'g ;L 8L $ sf] u0fgf
sd ePsf] Pr cfO{ eL nfu]sf dflg;x? afx]s c?df sd} dfq lgsf] x'g ;kmn x'Fb}gg .
o;sf >[vnfx? ;g !(() sf] bzsaf6 ha pRr ;lqmo lhjf0f' lj/f]lw pkrf/ -P cf/ 6L_
k|of]udf cfPkl5 lgs} dfd'nL ePsf] 5
Pr P; eL / PrcfO{eL
Pr P; eL s'g} To:tf] Pp6f ;ª qmd0f xf]O{g h'g P8;sf] cflwsf/Ls lgbfgsf] Pp6f lx:;f
xf] . tyfkL, h'g dflg;x¿ b'a} PrcfO{eL / Pr P; eLaf6 ;ª qmldt 5g ltgLx¿nfO{ lo
vl6/fx¿ k6s k6s km}lng ;Sb5 . logLx¿ km}n+bf PrcfO{eL gePsfx¿nfO{ eGbf PrcfO{eL
ePsfx¿nfO{ al9 ulDe/ / nfdf] ;do;Dd c;/ ul//xg] x'G5 . 3fpvl6/fx¿n] PRfcfO{eLsf]

nflu z/L/sf] k|lt/f]wfTDfs;Fu n8g] tl/sf jf af6f] lbG5 . / PrcfO{eL ;lhn};Fu ;ª qmd0f
x'G5 . xfn} u/]sf] cWoogdf Pr P; eL gePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ eGbf Pr P; eL ePsfx¿nfO{
PrcfO{eL ;+s|d0f x'g] vt/f # u'0ff a9L e]l6Psf] 5 . tTsfnsf] Ps cWoogaf6 Pr P; eLsf]
pkrf/n] PrcfO{eL hLjf0f'sf] ef/ 36fpg ;Sg] b]]lvPsf] 5 . tyfkL csf]{ cWoogaf6 b]lvP
cg';f/ hg]lGb|osf] vl6/fsf] pkrf/ ub}{df gofF PrcfO{eL ;ª qmd0f /f]lsPg . PrcfO{eL /
Pr P; eL b'a} ePsf dflg;x¿ klg xf]lzof/ x'g cfjZos b]lvG5 . pgLx¿sf] PRfcfO{eL
hLjf0f'ef/ k|foMh;f] w]/} g} al9/x]sf] x'G5, h;n] ubf{ PrcfO{eL c¿nfO{ ;lhn};Fu ;g{ ;Sb5 .
csf]{tk{m Pr P; eL sf] pkrf/tk{m PrcfO{eL ePsf dflg; / P; P; eL ePsfx¿n] cfˆgf]
hLj0f' ef/ 36fpg ;S5g . o;n] PrcfO{eL c¿nfO{ ;fg]{ vt/f klg sd u5{ .
Pr P; eL s;/L ;b{5 <
Pr P; eL ;ª qmd0f JolQmaf6 JolQmdf c;/ u/]sf] efu;Fu l;w} ;Dks{df cfpFbf x'G5 .
;ª qmd0f km}lngsf] nflu tkfO{sf] Pr P; eL vl6/fsf] d'v v'nf x'g}kb{5 eGg] 5}g . k|foMh;f]
dflg;x¿nfO{ pgLx¿ Pr P; eL ;ª qmldt ePsf 5g / c¿nfO{ ;fg{ ;S5g eGg] klg yfxf
5}g . oyfy{df cd]l/sfsf] sl/a (Ü dflg;x¿nfO{ dfq pgLx¿ Pr P; eL @ ;ª qmldt 5
eGg] yfxf ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 .
xlk{;sf] pkrf/ s;/L x'G5 <
Pr P; eLsf] :t/Lo pkrf/sf] nflu cf}iflw Pl;Snf]le/ d'vaf6 -rSsLsf] ¿kdf_ lbgsf] b'O{
b]lv kfFrk6s ;Dd vfg'kb{5 . P;fO{Snf]le/sf] csf]{ :j¿k en;fO{Snf]le/ xf] . of] lbgsf] b'O{
b]lv tLg k6s vfFbf x'G5, t/ of] P;fO{Snf]le/ eGbf Hofb} dxFuf] kb{5 . km]dlsSnf]le/ Pr P;
eL pkrf/sf] nflu k|of]u x'g] csf]{ cf}iflw xf] . lo cf}iflwx¿n] Pr P; eL ;ª qmd0fx¿nfO{
lgsf] kfb}{g . tyfkL, logLx¿n] 8/nfUbf] cj:yf, sd ug'{sf] ;fy} 3/L 3/L bf]xf]l/g] qmdnfO{ sd
ub{5 . lrlsTzsx¿n] Pr cfO{ le ePsf dflg;x¿ h;sf] PrcfO{eL bf]xf]l//xg] qmd x'G5,
To:tf dflg;x¿sf]nflu lgjf{x pkrf/sf] ¿kdf lbgx'F vfgsf] nflu hg]lGb|o vl6/f lj/f]wL
cf}iflwx¿ lbg] ub{5g . o;n] /f]u ylkO{/xg] qmdsf] /f]syfd x'G5 . o;n] s'g} ;+s]t gePtfklg
5fnfdf jf gfs, d'v / 3fF6Lleq hLjf0f' kQf nufpg ;lsg] eO{ lj:tf/} dlxgfdf cf}ifwL vfg]
lbgsf] ;+Vof 36fpF5 .
xlk{;sf] /f]syfd x'g;Sb5 <
Pr P; eL km}lngaf6 /f]syfd ug{ sl7g x'G5 . o:tf] x'g'sf] s]xL sf/0fdf w]/}h;f] ;ª qmldt
dflg;x¿nfO{ cfk'm ;ª qmldt ePsf] / c¿nfO{ ;g{ ;Sb5 eGg] af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g . Pr P; eL
;ª qmldt ePsf] yfxf x'g] dflg;x¿n] klg xlk{; vl6/fsf] d'v v'Nnf geP klg pgLx¿
;ª qmd0f ;fg{ ;Sb5g eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; g} ub}{gg . sG8dx¿n] Pr P; eL ;g{ ;Sg]
b/nfO{ 36fpF5 . tyfkL, logLx¿n] /f]Sg eg] ;Sb}gg . Pr P; eL ;ª qmd0fx¿ hg]lGb|oaf6 /
;fy} hg]lGb|osf] w]/}h;f] efux¿df km}lng ;Sb5 . h:t}M s§'n] 9fs]sf] efux¿ / d'vsf] j/Lk/L .
olb xlk{; ePsf] dflg;x¿n] en;fOSnf]le/ lbgx'F vfg] xf] eg] ltgLx¿n] xlk{; c¿nfO{ ;fg]{
vt/f sd ug{ ;S5g . Ps aif{df ( k6s ;Dd bf]xl/P/ xlk{; lg:sg] Pr cfO{ eL gePsf

AolQmx?sf] nflu b}lgs Psdfq dn;fOSnf]eL/ vfg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . t/ Pr cfO{ eL
ePsf] dflg;x? / >[vnfbf]xl//xg]nfO{ lbgsf] Ps k6s dfqf sd k|efjsf/L x'G5 .
cf}iflw sDklgx¿n] Pr P; eL /f]syfdsf] nflu vf]kx¿ lgsfNg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g . Pr P; eL
@ sf] lj¿4 Pp6f vf]kn] dlxnfx¿sf] nflu /fd|f] glthf b]vfof] t/ k'¿ifx¿sf nflu eg] b]vfpg
;s]g . Pr P; eL ;ª qmd0f /f]Sgsf] nflu cem};Dd s'g} vf]k :JfLs[t ePsf] 5}g . t/ o;
If]qdf cGf';Gwfg eg] eO{/x]sf] 5 .
^=@^ d'v ;'s]df s] ug]{ <
 ;kmf / dtftf] g"gkfgLn] s'Nnf ug]{
 dL7fO{x? gvfg] jf ;se/ sd vfg] .
 Soflkmg ePsf] a:t'x?, h:t} slkm, s8f lrof / s'g} k|sf/sf ;f]8fx? gvfg] .
 d'vdf jf hLa|f]df bfu b]vf k/]df .
 vfgf lgNg ;d:of ePdf .
^=@& 5fndf 8fa/ cfPdf s] ug]{ <
 af:gf gcfpg] ;fj'g / kfgLn] w'g] .
 5fnf ;kmf / ;'Vvf /fVg] .
 lrnfPsf] 7fpdf s]nfdfO{g nf];g nufpg] .
:jf:Yo ;+:yf hfg'sf]; olbM
k|lts"n c;/x? /lx/x]df 8fS6/;“ u k/fdz{ lng'xf]; .
^=@* cf]5ofgsf] 3fp (Bed Sore/Wound):
5fnfdf rf]6 nfu]/ 3fp x'g]u5{ . rf]6k6s nfUbf 3fp x'G5 eg] vl6/f k|foh;f] ls6f0f' jf
5fnfdf bjfj k/]/ x'g]u5{ . nfdf] ;do;Dd Pp6} la5of}gfdf ynf k/]/ ;'Tbf z/L/df bjfj
kg]{ / o;sf] sf/0fn] cf]R5ofg] 3fp (Bed Sores) x'g] ub{5 . of] ;+s|d0fo'St 3fp xf] .
sf6]sf], rf]6 nfu]sf] jf v'nf 3fpnfO{ ;kmf /fv]df ;+qmd0f x'g] 8/ x'“ b}g .
 w]/} a]/ ;Dd a]8df ;'Tbf l5g l5gdf :yfg abNg' k5{ .
 3fp ;kmf / ;'vf /fVg' k5{ .
 lj6fl8g (Betadine) n] 3fpdf 8«]l;Ë ug{' k5{ .
 :6]/fOon tl/sfjf6 3fp ;kmf ug'{ k5{ .
 3fp lgsf] gePdf jf a9b} uPdf t'/Gt c:ktfn hfg' k5{ / hrfpg' k5{ .
^=@( skfn em/]df s] ug]{ <
PlkmEof/]Gh -O=Pkm=eL=_ lnO/fv]sf] cjlwdf o:tf k|lts"n c;/x? b]vf kb{5g . s]xL
xKtfl5 tL cfkm} x/fp“ 5g .
 skfnnfO{ lau|gaf6 arfpg'xf];M skfn /+ufpg], a6fg]{, tGsfpg] jf 3'dfg]{ gug'{xf]; .

 em/]sf] skfn km]/L pdfg]{ k|nf]egdf gkg'{xf]; . To:tf s'g} j:t' glsGg'xf]; h;n]
t“ kfO{nfO{ skfn pdfg]{ jfrf ub{5 .
:jf:Yo ;+:yf hfg'xf];, olbM
To:tf k|lts"n c;/x? /lx/x]df 8fS6/sf] k/fdz{ lng'xf]; .
^=#) k]/Lkm]/n lgp/f]KofyL
k]/Lkm]/n lgp/f]KofyL s] xf] <
k]/Lkm]/n lgp/f]KofyL -kL Pg_ k]/Lkm]/n -jl/k/sf_ :gfo'x¿;Fu ;DaGwLt Pp6f /f]u xf] . o;
cGtu{t dl:tis tyf z'if'Dgfsf afx]s cGo ;a} :gfo'x¿ kb{5g . PrcfO{eL ePsf s/La #)Ü
dflg;df kL Pg ljsf; x'G5 . s]xL kL Pg dflg;sf] dl:tisdf r]tgf k7fpg] :gfo'x¿sf]
clGtd efu -PS;f]g_ 6'lqmP/ gfz ePdf x'g] ub{5 . slxn]sfFxL kL Pg :gfo' /]lzsfx¿sf]
dflyNnf] kq gi6 eP/ klg >[hgf x'G5 . o;n] dl:tisdf lk8f ;DaGwL ;+s]t ;+rf/ ug]{
sfo{df c;/ ub{5 .
kL Pgn] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;fgf] b'v jf sdhf]/L dxz'; u/fpg ;Sb5 . o; ;d:ofdf w]/]h;f]
kfO{tfnf tyf v'§fsf] a'9L cf}nfdf ;'O{n] 3f]r]sf] h:tf] x'g], kf]Ng], s8f x'g] / 5f]Psf] yfxf
gkfpg] -z+j]bgxLg_ dxz'; x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf z/L/sf] cËx¿Dff 3f]r]sf] h:tf], eGg g;Sg]
b'vfO{ / ;fdfGo cj:yfdf eGbf pRr ;+j]bgfsf] cg'e"tL x'G5 . kL Pgsf nIf0fx¿ cfkm} cfpg]
/ x/fpg] x'g ;S5g . uDeL/ kL Pgn] lx88'n ug{ jf ;'Tg s7LgfO{ x'G5 .
s] sf/0fn] kL Pg x'G5 <
:gfo' sf]lifsfdf PrcfO{eLsf] ;ª qmd0f, PrcfO{eL pkrf/df k|of]u ul/g] cf}iflwx¿ jf cGo
sf/0fx¿n] kL Pg x'g ;Sb5 . kL Pgsf] vt/gfs sf/0fx¿ cGtu{t PrcfO{eL hLjf0f' ef/,
dw'd]x, %) jif{eGbf dflysf] pd]/ / ef/L dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg kb{5g . ;fy} o;sf] cGo
sf/sx¿ sf]s]g -nfu' cf}iflw_ jf PDkm]6fdLg;sf] k|of]u, SofG;/sf pkrf/x¿, yfO{/jfO{8 /f]ux¿
jf le6fdLg aL!@ jf le6fdLg O{ sf] sdL x'g . ;g @))( df Ps cWoogn] lx:kflgS;x?df
kL Pg sf] pRr b/ x'g]kiQf nfu]sf] 5 . cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] cg'udg cWoog ug{ ;'emfj
u/]sf 5g .
PrcfO{eLsf] pkrf/df k|of]u ul/g] ljleGg cf}iflwx¿n] kL Pg x'g ;Sb5 . o;df d'nt æ8LÆ
cf}iflwx¿ -k|lt hLjf0f'_ h:t} 8L8LcfO{ -le8]S;_ / 8L$6L -h]/L6_ d'Vo x'g . PrcfO{eL
hLjf0f'sf] lj¿4df k|of]u ul/g] cf}iflwx¿;Fu ld;fP/ k|of]u ul/g] xfO{8«f]S;o'/Lof gfds cf}iflwn]
klg kL Pg x'g] vt/fnfO{ a9fpFb5 . P h]6 6L, PjfsfeL/, hLjf0f' s]Gb| ;dfg ¿k ljkl/t
gSsn ug]{ lgif]wsx¿ Jff Go"saf6 eg] kL Pg ;d:of ePsf] b]lv+b}g .
kL Pg s;/L klxrfg x'G5 <

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