Post by regional coordinator Uttam siwakoti from Biratnagar

1. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn

2. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn

3. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn!
o; cªsleq
/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn
k"jf{~rn If]qLo sfof{no
lj/f6gu/åf/f k|sflzt
jif{ %, c+s !@ ;fpg @)&@
;Nnfxsf/
;'bz{g ;'j]bL
/fdaxfb'/ sfsL{
;ltz rGb| emf
vu]Gb| axfb'/ e§/fO{
;Dkfbs d08n
lji0f'k|;fb a/fn
odaxfb'/ a:g]t
pQd lzjfsf]6L
bfdf]b/ l/hfn
/fh]Gb| bfxfn
Joj:yfkg÷ljt/0f
/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn
k"jf{~rn If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/
k|sfzs
/fli6«o ckf+u dxf;+3 g]kfn
k"jf{~rn If]qLo sfof{no
lj/f6gu/–!%, hgky6f]n df]/ª
kmf]g g+= )@!–$&!)**
Od]n M nfdnero@gmail.com
k|sfzg ;xof]u
Knfg g]kfn df]/ª sfo{qmd OsfO{
sDKo'6/ l8hfOg PG8 ;]l6ª
dfdf–efGhf 8]:S6k ;]G6/ lj/f6gu/–!#
d'b|0f
c/lgsf] 5fkfvfgf
lj/f6gu/ !%, hgky6f]n
kmf]g g+= )@!–%@^)&*
zLif{s ======================================== k[i7
gof“ ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutf ePsf
gful/sx?sf ;/f]sf/sf ;jfn
la:t[t ;'emfjx?
k|fs[lts k|sf]k / ckf+utf
sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f cem}
ablgotk"0f{ 5 ;/sf/L gLlt
b[li6laxLg lr/GhLljsf]
cf“6f dLn vf]Ng]] cf“6
æaf“sL hLjg s;/L u'hfg'{ <Æ
afx'g8F“uLsf ckfªu -sljtf_
pRrtxsf] k|fljlws lzIffno gx'“bf
cj;/af6 jl~rt
/fhgLlts kf6L{ leq ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutf
k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmddf lj/f6gu/
cf“vf c:ktfnsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf
km];a'sn] h'/fOlbPsf] k|]d
b'3{6gf sd u/fpg]
p2]Zon] ckf+usf] ljZjofqf
ckf+u ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f
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4. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
;DkfbsLo
@
;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfn] g;d]6]sf ;jfnx¿
g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] :yfkgfsf] em08} Ps bzs
kl5 bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t g]kfndf ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf
cfPsf] 5 of] cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] nfuL v'zL / uj{sf]
ljifo xf] t/ klg o; v';L leq pTkL8t ju{,If]q,lnË
efiff,;d'bfon] ckgTjaf]w ub}{ xiff]{Nnf; dgfpg' kg]{
xf] t/ d:of}bfn] ;j}sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ cf+lzs ?kdf
dfq ;+jf]wg u/]sf] x'gfn] ;j}} ju{ If]q oltv]/ cfGbf]lnt
eO/x]sf5g . g]kfndf bz jif{ ;Dd ePsf] hgo'4,
@)^@÷)^#sf] hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ngn] rfx]sf]
kl/jt{gsf] k|ltljDj o; d:of}bfdf cfpg' kYof]{ t/
lj8Djgf cfpg ;s]g cfd plTkl8t ju{,If]q,;d'bfosf
;jfnx¿sf] ;lx 9+un] ;Djf]wg x'g ;s]g o;n] cfd
hgtfdf Psvfnsf] lg/fzf / cfqmf]z hGdfPsf] 5 .
cflv/ olQsf 4G4 / cfGbf]ng s;sf nflu ul/Psf
lyo < s] g]tfx¿s} ;'v ;'ljwfsf nfuL ls b]zsf]
cfd'n kl/jt{gsf nfuL ulDe/ k|Zg lrGx v8f ePsf]
5 . P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efn] o;sf] xn ub}{g eg] s]
n] u5{ s}n] u5{ < ;w} el/ /fhlglts kl/jt{gs}nfuL
g]kfnL hgtfn] nl8/xg' kg]{ xf] < g]kfn cfly{s ljsf;sf]
qmflGt lt/ slxn] nfU5 < ef]sfPsf k]6x¿n] slxn]
k]6e/L vfg kfp5g < cfjfh ljlxgx¿sf] cfjfh
slxn] ;'G5 /fHon] < a]/f]huf/x¿n] slxn] /f]hufl/
kfp5g < klxrfg x/fPsfx¿n] klxrfg slxn] kfp5g
< k'0f{ czQm ckfËtf ePsf JolQx¿n] kl/jf/af6 /
/fHoaf6 kfng kf]if0fsf] xs slxn] kfp5g < ckfËtfsf]
cfwf/df ul/g] lje]bsf] cGTo slxn] xf]nf < /fHosf]
x/]s c+udf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf slxn]
x'G5 < oL ;du| ;jfnx¿sf] ;Djf]wg gug]{ ;+ljwfg
hfl/ eof] eg] km]/L b]zsf] Oltxf;df Ps yfg ;+ljwfg
t/ c;kmn ;+ljwfgsf] ?kdf ylkg] lgZrLt k|fo M
5 . ;+ljwfgn] slDtLdf klg %) jif{ kl5 ;Ddsf
;jfnx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ ;j} gful/sx¿sf] /fHodf
;dfj]zLs/0f sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] x'g' k5{ plTkl8t ju{
;d'bfonfO{ ljutdf k5f8L kfl/Psf] s'/fnfO{ cfTd;fy
ub]{ Iflt k'lt{ ;lxt eflj lbgdf ;dfg'kflts
;xeflutfsf] Uof/]G6Lsf] k|Tofe'lt lbnfpg ;Sg' k5{
xf]Og eg] nf]stGq km]/Lklg s]lx cf}nfdf uGg ;lsg]
JolQmsf] nfuLdfq x'g]5 .
g]kfnsf] x/]s P]ltxfl;s /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf]
cfGbf]ngdf ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] cx+ e'ldsf /xb}
cfPsf] 5 . s'g} klg /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ngdf
/ut gju]sf] Oltxf; 5}g rfx] Tof] zflGtk'0f{ xf]; rfx] Tof]
z;:q xf]; k|To]s cfGbf]ngdf xhf/f}sf] ;+Vofdf c+ue+u
ePsf 5g / ckf+utf ePsf 5g /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf]
hueg]sf]/utjufpg]x¿af6}plePsf]5eGbfcltof]lQm
gxf]nf . t/ hj /fhg}lts kl/jt{g x'G5 / cfGbf]ngsf
g]t[Tj ug]{ /fhg}lts bnx¿ zf;g ;Qf ;+rfng ug{
k'Ub5g dfgf} Tof] ;j} kl/jt{g PSn}n] u/]sf lyo . cfhsf]
o; nf]stGq k|fKtLsf nfuL !) cf} xhf/ JolQmn] ckf+utf
j/0f u/]sf 5g eg] ckf+utf j/0f u/]sf JolQmx¿n] klg
@)^@÷)^#sf] hgcfGbf]ngdf cu|Ld df]rf{df /x]/
cfGbf]ngnfOphf{lbPsflyot/hj/fhg}ltspknAwLnfO{
;+ljwfg dfkm{t ;+:yfut ug]{ j]nf cfof] of] a]nfdf pk]Iff
ul/Psf] 5 /fhg}lts clwsf/ s6f}lt ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/df
/x]sf pk–k|wfg tyf u[xdlGq h:tf] ul/dfdo kbsf
JolQmn] ckf+ux¿sf nfuL j:g] / vfg] lgltut Joj:yf
ldnfO lbG5f} /fhg}lts clwsf/ lsg rflxof] < eGg]
u}/lhDd]jf/L egfOn] l;+uf] ckfËtf If]q nfO ddf{xt
t'NofPsf] 5 / cfqmf]l;t klg jgfPsf] 5 . s] /fhg}lts
clwsf/ eg]sf] zf/Ll/s ?kdf ;jnx¿sf nfuL dfq xf]
< olb To;f] xf] eg] /fHosf] s/f}8f} ;Dklt vr]{/ pkrf/
u/]/ j:g] JolQm /fhg}lts bndf ;efklt / cWoIf lsg
x'g' < lsg k|wfgdlGq, dGqL x'g' < s] o;sf] hjfkm
/fhg}lts bnsf g]tfn] lbg ;S5g <
;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf ;fj{hflgs eO;s]kl5 tkfO{ xfdL
ckf+utfIf]qdfsfdug]{ckf+utfclwsf/sld{x¿n]/fhg}lts
clwsf/ ;'lgZrLttfsf] nfuL d:of}bfdflysf] 5nkmndf
;zQmpkl:ylthgfpb}df}lnsxsleqsf:jf:Yo;DjGwL
xs, /f]huf/ ;DjGwLxs / /fhg}lts clwsf/ ;DjGwLsf
xsdfxfd|f;jfnx¿p7fpgh?/L5eg]csf]{lt//fhg}lts
bnsfckf+utf;DjGwLsfeft[;+u7gx¿n]cfˆgf]/fhg}lts
bn÷ kf6L{ ;fd' d:of}bfdf 5'6]sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z
u/fpg] sfo{df / ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfo/ oyfl;3| ;zQm 9+un]
nfUg cfjZos 5 eg] dfxf ;+3df cfj4 ;+3 ;:yfx¿n]
ufFptx ;Dd k'u]/ xfd|f hfoh dfux¿sf ljifodf ;j}
;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ a'emfpg], :yflgo ;+hfnx¿nfO{ hfu?s
jgfpg] / d:of}bfdf ;'emfjlbg] sfo{ u/]/ cufl8 a9g'g}
clxn]sf] cfjZoQmf xf] .

5. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
e"ldsf Me"ldsf Me"ldsf Me"ldsf Me"ldsf M
sf]xL klg dflg; cfkm'n] rfx]/ cfÎgf] OR5f rfxgf
jf /xn] ckfªutf a/0F ub}{g . dflg; s'g} klg a]nf
ckfªutf j/0F ug{ ;S5 of] lttf] ;To xf] . o;nfO
g xfdLn] /f]Sg ;S5f} g t 6f/]/ 6fg{ . xfdL ckfªutf
Go'lgs/0F ug{ / ckfªutf ePkZrftplrt Joj:yfkg
ul/ hLjgnfO ;xh agfpg ;Sb5f} .
ckfªutf ePsf JoStLx? k5f8L kg'{df plgx?sf]
ckfªutf eGbfklg ;dfhn] ;w} ckfªutfnfO
c;Ôdtf;"u hf]8g', dfgj lgld{t ef}lts ;+/rgf
ckfªutf d}lq gx'g' / ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?k|lt
ul/g] Jojxf/ ;f]r gsf/fTds x'g' g} xf] .
;dfhdf ckfªutf ePsf JoQmL cg's'nsf] ef}lts,
;dflhs, gLltut Jofj:yf clje]bs/L ;dflhs
aftfj/0F ePsf] v08df ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?
/fi6«lgdf{0Fdf ;s[o ?kdf of]ubfg ug{ ;S5g eGg]
lJZjdfdfq geP/ xfd|f] ;dfhdf klg lgs} ;kmn
gof“ ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutf
ePsf gful/sx?sf ;/f]sf/sf
;jfn la:t[t ;'emfjx?
pbfx/0Fx? kfOG5g . h;nfO xfdL sf]xL s;}n] klg
gsfg{ ;Sb}gf} .
g]kfnsf] at{dfg /fhgLlts kl/jt{sfnfuL
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmL tyf o; ;d'bfosf] klg 7"nf]
of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . of] s'/f slx st} l5k]sf] n's]sf]
5}g x/]s cfGbf]ngsf] cu|k+ltdf ckfªutf ePsf
gful/sx? /x]sf] xfdL ;j}n] b]v]sf 5f} .
;+;f/sf s'g} klg kl/jt{gnfO /fhgLltn] k|ToÔ
k|efj kg]{ x'bf xfd|f] b]zdf kl/jt{gsfnfuL Oltxf;sf]
sfnvG8b]vL xfn;Dd w]/} /fhlglts ptf/r9fjx?
cfPsf 5g .
g]kfnsf] ljleGg ;dosf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf/L
cfGbf]ngx?df ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx? ;s[o ?kdf
cu|k+ltdf/xL ljleGg bnsf g]t[Tjk+ltnfO pTk|]/0Ff
hufpg] sfo{ u/]sf] ljlwt} 5 . bnx?sf ;xofqL
ag]sf ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO klxnf]
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k'/} j]jf:tf ul/of] eGbf
#

6. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
km/s kb}{g .
klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / lgjf{rg kZrft
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
x'g] ;xefuLtfnfO{ bnx?n] cfTd;fy ug{ g;Sbf
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg kZrft s]jn @ hgf dfq
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] ;xefuLtf x'bf ;d:t
ckfªutf ;d'bfonfO lgs} b'MvLt agfPsf] lyof] .
lautdf h] eof] clxn] klg ToxL lgolt bf]x/LPsf]
5 . ;+ljwfg;ef efu b'O{df ckfªutf ePsf gful/x?sf]
;+dfghgs k|ltlglwTj x'g g;Sbf ;Dk"0F{ ckfªutf
;d'bfo ddf{xt ePsf] 5 . lautsf] z;:q åGå /
/fhgLlts cfGbf]ng
;lxtsf] ckfªutfsf]
;+Vof #) nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 olt w]/} ;+Vofdf /x]sf
ckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?nfO ljsf;sf ;j} k|lqmofdf
;dfj]z / ;s[o ;xefuL x'g] cj;/sf] c´} ;[hgf
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
x/]s bnx?df ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf]
eft[;+u7g u7g eO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx?sf] /fhgLlglts clwsf/nfO bnx?n]
sd} k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfOG5 . o; cj:yfdf bnx?n]
ckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?nfO{ u/]sf] k'0F{ ckdfg
xf] . To;}n] cj jGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutf ePsf
gful/x?sf] clwsf/ k'0F{ ?kdf ;+/Ô0F ug{ bnx?
k|ltaGw x'g' clgjfo{ /x]sf] 5 . cªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?sf] ;jfnnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ lgDg cg';f/sf
;jfnx? lj:t[t ?kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 o;nfO{ oxf"n]
cj:o ;+jf]wg ug'{ x'g]5 eGg] xfdL cfzf ub{5f} .
!=!=!=!=!= ckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;Gbe{dfckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;Gbe{dfckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;Gbe{dfckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;Gbe{dfckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?sf] ;Gbe{df
at{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]z Mat{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]z Mat{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]z Mat{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]z Mat{dfg /fhgLlts kl/j]z M
lautdf Ps bzs b]vLsf] /fhlglts cl:y/tf/
cfGtl/s åGåsf] sf/0Fn] ubf{ /fi6« ljsf;sf x/]s
k|lsof cj?4 ePsf 5g . @)^@ / @)^# sf]
hgcfGbf]ng efu @ kZrft s]xL cfÈf hgtfdf
knfP klg cfÈf u/] cg'?k zflGt / lasf; lgdf{0F
k|s[ofsf sfo{x? cuf8L a9g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg .
Psflt/ /fi6« ljsf;sf] ultn] ;':ttf 5fPsf] 5 eg]
csf]{lt/ ;dfhsf ;j} eGbf ;Dj]bglzn / /fHon]
;Djf]wg ug}{ kg]{ ;d'bfosf] ?kdf ckfªutf ePsf
gful/sx?nfO{ kfvf nufOPsf] 5 .
s] /fHosf] 7'nf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?nfO cnUofP/ ljsf;, zflGt / ;+ljwfg
x/]s bnx?df ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx?sf] eft[;+u7g
u7g eO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf
klg ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?sf] /fhgLlglts
clwsf/nfO{ bnx?n]
sd} k|fyldstf lbPsf]
kfOG5
lgdf{0F k|s[of ;Dej 5 < o; lsl;dsf] lje]bsf/L
;+/rgfdf jg]sf] ;+ljwfgn] ;dtfd'ns ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0F ug{;S5 < o; laÈodf ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?
ulDe/ eO ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
ckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?nfO klg /fHosf cGo
gful/s ;/x cfly{s ;fdflhs gful/s /fhgLlts
clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] afgpg ;/sf/ /fhgLlts
bn at{dfg ;+;b ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|d'v ?kdf Wofg
lbg' kb{5 .
@=bnx?sf] ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?k|ltsf]@=bnx?sf] ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?k|ltsf]@=bnx?sf] ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?k|ltsf]@=bnx?sf] ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?k|ltsf]@=bnx?sf] ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?k|ltsf]
b[li6sf]0F Mb[li6sf]0F Mb[li6sf]0F Mb[li6sf]0F Mb[li6sf]0F M
bnx?n] hlxn] klg gful/s hgtfnfO ef]6a}ssf]
?kdf x]g{] k/Dk/fn] ubf{ ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf]
/fhgLlts ;xefuLtf ;Ddflgt / cy{k'0F{ ?kdf x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . bnx?n] hlt a]jf:tf u/]klg ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx? cfkmgf cf:yfsf cfwf/df bnxx?df
cfj4eO ;s[o /x]sf 5g . hgcfGbf]ng efu @
kZrft ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?n] klg bnx?;"usf]
;fldKotf / ;xsfo{ a9f]; elg ;+ul7t eO eft[;+u7g
$

7. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
vf]nL ;s[o ?kdf sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g .
s'g} klg s'/f Psf]xf]/f] x'g} ;Sb}g elgG5 lg Ps
xftn] tfnL aHb}g . To;}n] ;+l3o nf]stflGqs
u0FtGqsf] ;+:yfut ug]{ xf] eg] ;j} bnx?n] cf–
cfÎgf ;+u7gdf cf:yf /fVg] lqmofzLn ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx?nfO ;dfg cj;/ lbg lxlRsrfpg
x'b}g / ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO
/fhgLlts clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ bnx?n] cj
sGh';fO ug'{ x'b}g eGg] ;du| ckfªutf ePsf gful/s
/ ltgsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] egfO /x]sf] 5 .
klxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdfklxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdfklxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdfklxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdfklxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf
ckfªutfsf] ;jfnckfªutfsf] ;jfnckfªutfsf] ;jfnckfªutfsf] ;jfnckfªutfsf] ;jfn
klxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efdf /x]sf ljleGg ;ldltx?n]
cfkmgf] cfkmgf] k|ltj]bgdf ljleGg ;'´fjx? lbPsf
lyP . laleGg ;ldltx?sf] k|ltj]bgdf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?sf] ;jfn s] s;/L ;+jf]wg x'g ;s]sf] lyof]
lyPg elg lgDg cg';f/ laa]rgf ul/Psf] 5 .
!= df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs l;bfGt ;ldlt!= df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs l;bfGt ;ldlt!= df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs l;bfGt ;ldlt!= df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs l;bfGt ;ldlt!= df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs l;bfGt ;ldlt
df}lns xs eg]sf] ;j} eGbf dxTjk'0F{ xs xf] .
df}lns xsdf pNn]lvt laÈo a:t'n] ;+ljwfgsf cGo
laÈo a:t'nfO lgb]{lzt ub{5 . klxnf] ;+ljwfgsf]
d:of}bfdf df}lns clwsf/ tyf lgb]{zs ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bgdfæ cflys{ ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[i6Ln]
lk5l8Psf dlxnf blnt cflbjf;L hghftL dw]zL
ls;fg dhb'/ plTk8Lt Ô]q d'l:nd lk58f ju{
cNk;+Vos ;LdfGts[t nf]k'Gd'v ;d'bfo jf ljkGg
ju{ o'jf afnjflnsf h]i7 gful/s n}ªlus tyf
of}lgs cNk;+Vos ckfªutf ePsf JoQmL czQm jf
c;fo gful/ssf] ;+/Ô0F ;zQmLs/0F jf lasf;sf]
nfuL sfg"g 4ff/f ljz]È Aoj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g elg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oL afx]s
df}lns xs v08df ckfªutfnfO ;+jf]wg ug{ lgDg
cGo Jofj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] .
– 5'jf5't tyf e]befj la?4sf] xsMs'g} klg
JoQmLnfO hft, hflt plTkl8t ;d'bfo k]zf jf
zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5't
jf e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
– c;fo cgfy ;':t dg:lyltsf ckfªutf
ePsf åGåkLl8t la:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf /x]sf
afnaflnsfnfO /fHoaf6 laÈ]z ;+/Ô0F / ;'ljwf kfpg]
xs x'g] 5 .
– ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs M ;fdflhs ?kn] k5f8L
k/]sf dlxnf blnt dw]zL cflbaf;L hghflt
cNk;+Vos tyf l;dfGts[t d'l:nd n}ªlus tyf
of}lgs cNk;+vos ;d'bfo ckfªutfePsf JoQmL
o'jf k58f au{ ls;fg dhb"/ au{ tyf pk]lIftnfO
;dfg'kflts / ;dfj];L l;bfGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf]
;+/rgf yk ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLtnfO ljljwtfsf]
klxrfg ;lxt dof{bf / cfTd;fDdfg k"j{s hLjg
ofkg ug{ kfpg] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'jlwdf
;dfgkx'“rsf] xs x'g] 5 .
– ;fdflhs ;"/Ôf ;DjGwL xs MlakGgau{ czQm
c;focj:yfdf /x]sf Psn dlxnf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmL afnaflnsf h]i7gful/s cfÎgf] x]/rf/ cfkm}
ug{ g;Sg] JoQmL tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO
sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;"/Ôfsf] xs
x'g] 5 . o;sfn cnfjf /fHosf lgb]{zs l;bfGtdfklg
ckfªutfsf] ;fjfnnfO ;Djf]wg u/]sf] kfOG5 .
@= cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs@= cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs@= cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs@= cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs@= cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs
clwsf/ ;+/Ô0F ;ldltclwsf/ ;+/Ô0F ;ldltclwsf/ ;+/Ô0F ;ldltclwsf/ ;+/Ô0F ;ldltclwsf/ ;+/Ô0F ;ldlt
– zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ?kdf czQm jf ckfªu
%

8. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
cj:yf jf cGo s'g} x}l;ot h:tf s'g}
klg cfwf/df s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj
ug]{ 5}g .
t/ cflys{ ;fdflhs /fhlglts
z}lÔs / :jf:Yodf lk5l8Psf ;d'bfo
jf ju{sf] klxrfgu/L plgx?sf] ;+/Ô0F
ljsf; / ;zQmLs/0Fsf nflu /fHon]
ljutsf] plTk8gsf] Ôltk"lt{ ;lxt
;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df sg'g 4f/
fljÈ]z Joj:yf ug]{ 5 elgPsf] 5 t/
ckfªutf /flvPsf] 5}g .
– zfl/l/s jf dfgl;s ?kdf czQm
jf ckfªu cj:yf jf cGo s'g} x}l;ot
h:tf s'g} klg cfwf/df kfl/>lds
nufot s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
– jlx:s/0Fdf kfl/Psf] ;d'bfo
eGgfn] hflto lje]b / 5'jf5'tdf
kfl/Psf] eflÈs cflys{ ;fdflhs wflds{
;f+:s[t n}ªlus jf of}lgs jf Ô]lqo
lje]b / plTk8gdf kl/ jf zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s czQmtf jf ckfªutfsf sf/0F
/fHo ;TQfdf ;dfj]z x'g gkfPsf] au{
jf ;d'bfonfO ;D´g' kb{5 .
#= Gofk|0FfnL ;DjGwL ;ldlt#= Gofk|0FfnL ;DjGwL ;ldlt#= Gofk|0FfnL ;DjGwL ;ldlt#= Gofk|0FfnL ;DjGwL ;ldlt#= Gofk|0FfnL ;DjGwL ;ldlt
o; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf hflt
;d'bfo ju{ / wfld{s ;d'bfo elg pNn]v
ul/Psf] ePtfklg ckfªutfnfO ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] 5}g .
$= k|fs[lts >f]t, cfly{s clwsf/$= k|fs[lts >f]t, cfly{s clwsf/$= k|fs[lts >f]t, cfly{s clwsf/$= k|fs[lts >f]t, cfly{s clwsf/$= k|fs[lts >f]t, cfly{s clwsf/
tyf /fh:j jf“8kmf“8 ;ldlt Mtyf /fh:j jf“8kmf“8 ;ldlt Mtyf /fh:j jf“8kmf“8 ;ldlt Mtyf /fh:j jf“8kmf“8 ;ldlt Mtyf /fh:j jf“8kmf“8 ;ldlt M
o; ;ldltsf] d:of}bfdf klg
ckfªutfsf] ;jfn ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
5}g .
%= /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / /fHozQmLsf]%= /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / /fHozQmLsf]%= /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / /fHozQmLsf]%= /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / /fHozQmLsf]%= /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / /fHozQmLsf]
af"8kmf8 ;ldlt Maf"8kmf8 ;ldlt Maf"8kmf8 ;ldlt Maf"8kmf8 ;ldlt Maf"8kmf8 ;ldlt M
– o; ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf j[4 j[4f
ckfªu dlxnf / Psn dlxnf czQmtfsf]
Joj:yfkg eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . eg]
cGo s'/fx?df ckfªutfdf] ;jfn pNn]v
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
^= /fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0F^= /fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0F^= /fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0F^= /fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0F^= /fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0F
;ldlt;ldlt;ldlt;ldlt;ldlt
of] d:of}bf ax'dtn] kf; u/]sf] lyPg
/ o;df ckfªutfsf] ;jfn ;dfj]z
x'g ;s]sf] klg 5}g .
&= /fli6«o lxt ;+/Ô0F ;ldlt&= /fli6«o lxt ;+/Ô0F ;ldlt&= /fli6«o lxt ;+/Ô0F ;ldlt&= /fli6«o lxt ;+/Ô0F ;ldlt&= /fli6«o lxt ;+/Ô0F ;ldlt
o; ;ldltsf] d:of}bfdf /fHosf
bfloTj lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf /fHosf
gLltx?df ckfªutfsf] ;jfnfnfO
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
*= Joj:yfksLo c+usf] :j?k*= Joj:yfksLo c+usf] :j?k*= Joj:yfksLo c+usf] :j?k*= Joj:yfksLo c+usf] :j?k*= Joj:yfksLo c+usf] :j?k
lgwf{g/0F ;ldltlgwf{g/0F ;ldltlgwf{g/0F ;ldltlgwf{g/0F ;ldltlgwf{g/0F ;ldlt
o; ;ldltsf] d:of}bfdf klg
ckfªutfsf] ;jfn ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
5}g .
(= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ;+/rgf(= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ;+/rgf(= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ;+/rgf(= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ;+/rgf(= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ;+/rgf
lgwf{/0F ;ldltlgwf{/0F ;ldltlgwf{/0F ;ldltlgwf{/0F ;ldltlgwf{/0F ;ldlt
o; ;ldltn] ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf]
Jofj:yf ug]{ qmddf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmL cNk;++Vos Pjd l;dfGts[t
;d'bfo tyf lk58LPsf] ju{ / Ô]qsf]
lxt ;+/Ô0F cfof]usf] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .
!)= ;+j}wflgs ;ldlt!)= ;+j}wflgs ;ldlt!)= ;+j}wflgs ;ldlt!)= ;+j}wflgs ;ldlt!)= ;+j}wflgs ;ldlt
o; ;ldltn] cfÎgf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f
ug{ gkfpb} ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;do
;lsPsf] lyof] .
!!= ;fdflhs / ;f:s[lts!!= ;fdflhs / ;f:s[lts!!= ;fdflhs / ;f:s[lts!!= ;fdflhs / ;f:s[lts!!= ;fdflhs / ;f:s[lts
P]s]j4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0F ;ldltP]s]j4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0F ;ldltP]s]j4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0F ;ldltP]s]j4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0F ;ldltP]s]j4tfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0F ;ldlt
o; ;ldltn] ;dflhs ;"/Ôsf]
xsdf ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO
klg ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . h;df k|of]u
ul/Psf] k|:tfljt Joj:yf æ;z:q åGå
/ ljleGg hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf zlxb
ePsf dfl/Psf jf j]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf]
kl/jf/ tyf To; qmddf 3fOt] eO
ckfªu czQm ePsf / lj:yflktx?sf]
nflu plrt /fxt ;Ddfg / k'g:yfkgsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
gof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutfgof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutfgof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutfgof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutfgof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLsf] /fhgLltsePsf JoQmLsf] /fhgLltsePsf JoQmLsf] /fhgLltsePsf JoQmLsf] /fhgLltsePsf JoQmLsf] /fhgLlts
clwsf/sfnfuL bnx?sf] e"ldsfclwsf/sfnfuL bnx?sf] e"ldsfclwsf/sfnfuL bnx?sf] e"ldsfclwsf/sfnfuL bnx?sf] e"ldsfclwsf/sfnfuL bnx?sf] e"ldsf
bf];|f] ;+ljwfg ;efdf xfn}sf] @)^*
;fnsf] hgu0Fgfsf] tYofªs cg';f/
x/]s bnx?n] sDtLdfklg @ k|ltzt
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO :yfg
/fhlglts cf/Ô0F ug]{ ul/ bnx?n]
Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L :yfg lbbf
@)^* ;fnsf]@)^* ;fnsf]@)^* ;fnsf]@)^* ;fnsf]@)^* ;fnsf]
tYofªs cg';f/tYofªs cg';f/tYofªs cg';f/tYofªs cg';f/tYofªs cg';f/
x/]s bnx?n]x/]s bnx?n]x/]s bnx?n]x/]s bnx?n]x/]s bnx?n]
sDtLdf @ k|ltztsDtLdf @ k|ltztsDtLdf @ k|ltztsDtLdf @ k|ltztsDtLdf @ k|ltzt
ckfªutf ePsfckfªutf ePsfckfªutf ePsfckfªutf ePsfckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?nfOJoQmLx?nfOJoQmLx?nfOJoQmLx?nfOJoQmLx?nfO
/fhgLlts/fhgLlts/fhgLlts/fhgLlts/fhgLlts
cf/Ô0Fsf] Joj:yfcf/Ô0Fsf] Joj:yfcf/Ô0Fsf] Joj:yfcf/Ô0Fsf] Joj:yfcf/Ô0Fsf] Joj:yf
ug'{ kb{5ug'{ kb{5ug'{ kb{5ug'{ kb{5ug'{ kb{5

9. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
ckfªutfsf] ju{, ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx?
/ lajleGg cfGbf]ng / ;z:q åGåaf6
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO{ ;dfg
k|fyldstf lbb} /fhgLlts lgo'QmL nufotsf
Joj:yfdf klg ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO{
laÈ]z k|flydstf lbg' kb{5 .
– bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ckfªutf– bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ckfªutf– bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ckfªutf– bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ckfªutf– bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ckfªutf
ePsf ;d'bfon] vf]h]sf] :yfg MePsf ;d'bfon] vf]h]sf] :yfg MePsf ;d'bfon] vf]h]sf] :yfg MePsf ;d'bfon] vf]h]sf] :yfg MePsf ;d'bfon] vf]h]sf] :yfg M
;+;f/sf] Oltxf;nfO x]g]{ xf] eg] ;+ljwfg
;efsf] lgjf{rg b'Ok6s lj/n} cfpg] ub{5
t/ g]kfndf of] df}sf k'g kms]{/ cfPsf] xf] .
ljutsf] ;+ljwfg ;efdf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?nfO lbPsf] hlt klg k|fyldstf o;
;+ljwfg;efn] lbg g;Sbf ;du| ckfªutf
ePsf gful/sx? ddf{xt ePsf 5g .
To;}n] of] ;+ljwfg;efdf ckfªutf ePsf
gful/sx?sf] ;jfn lnlvt / d't{ ?kdf g}
;+jf]wfg x'g' kb{5 . jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;efaf6
;+ljwfg 3f]È0Ff x'bf ckfªutf ePsf
gul/sx?sf]nflu lgDg ;jfnx? clgjo{
;dfj]z x'g' kb{5 .
/fhgLltdf c/Ô0F M/fhgLltdf c/Ô0F M/fhgLltdf c/Ô0F M/fhgLltdf c/Ô0F M/fhgLltdf c/Ô0F M
!_ ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf]
/fhgLlts kx'"r a9fpgsf]nflu bnx?n]
lgjf{rgdf pd]bjf/ dgf]go ubf{ k|ToÔ
;dfg'kflts / dgf]gog ;j} :yfgdf
ckfªutf ePsf gful/sx?sf] clgjfo{
k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ .
– ;+ljwfgdf ljleGg :yfgdf l;dGts[t
k5f8L kfl/Psf ju{ h:t} dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L hghflt / dw];L, d'l:nd eGg]
:yfgdf clgjfo{ ckfªutf ePsf JoQmL
elg zAbfjnL /fVg' kg]{ .
@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf M@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf M@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf M@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf M@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf M
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?df /f]huf/L
ug{ g;Sg]sf] xsdf ;bf c?sf] e/df af“Rg'
kg]{ afWotf ePsf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?nfO af“Rg k'Ug] u/L ;fdflhs ;'/Ôf
k]G;gsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ .
– ;xof]uLsf] cfjZos kg]{ k'0F{ czQm
tyf clt czQm cfkfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?sf]nflu /fHon] ;xof]uL pknAw
u/fpg] Joj:yf ;dfj]; ug'{ kg]{ .
– af}lbs ckfªutf, dfgl;s ckfªutf,
x]df]km]nLof, cl6hd, 8fpgl;G8/f]d,
d:s'n/ l8:6«f]kmL, dlxnf ckfªutf ,
afn ckfªutfsf] nfuL ljÈ]z
Joj:yfx'g' kg]{ .
– /f]huf/L ug]{ jf}lbs ckfªutfsf
cleefjsx?nfO b}lgs sfo{ ug]{
;dodf s]xL ;x'nLot lbg' kg]{ .
#= efÈf ;+rf/ / gLlt M#= efÈf ;+rf/ / gLlt M#= efÈf ;+rf/ / gLlt M#= efÈf ;+rf/ / gLlt M#= efÈf ;+rf/ / gLlt M
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?dWo]
alx/f tyf ;':t >j0F ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx?sf] nflu bf]ef;],
gf]66]s/ / ;fªs]lts efÈfsf] ;xh
pknAwtf x'g] s'/f ;dfj]z u/fpg'
kg]{ .
– >j0F b[li6 ljlxgx?sfnflu
:k:6 ;+rf/sf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{
– l8lh6n OGkm/d]zg l;:6d
tyf cGo ;"rgf k|ljwLsf] ;jfn
;dfa]z ug'{ kg]{ .
– b[li6 lalxgx?sfnflu a|]n lnlk,
alx/fx?sfnflu ;fªs]lts efÈf /
bf]ef;], ;':t >j0Fsfnflu gf]66]s/,
>j0F b[li6lalxgx?sfnflu :kz{
ljlwaf6 ;+rf/ tyf k9g] Joj:yf
sf] Uof/]G6L ug'{ kg]{ .
$= /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ M$= /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ M$= /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ M$= /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ M$= /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/ M
– lzlÔt a]/f]huf/ ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx?nfO cfTd lge{/
agfpgsf]nflu /f]huf/Lsf] clgjfo{
Joj:yf ub}{ clzlÔt lg/Ô/ a]/f]huf/
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf]nflu
:j/f]huf/ d'ns sfo{qmd ug{ kfpg]
ul/ ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ .
– Psk6s /f]huf/Ldf k|j]z
ul/;s]sf ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO
cGo Joj:yf geP ;Dd lgsfNg gkfOg]
k|ltj4tf bnx?n] ug'{ kg]{ .
– ckfªutfePsf JoQmLx?sf]
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/nfO{ a9fpgsf]nflu
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO
/f]huf/L lbg] gLlh tyf Jofkf/Ls
k|lti7fgx?nfO ;x'lnot lbg] sfg'gL
Joj:yf u/fpg ;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg
ug'{ kg]{ .
ckfªutf
ePsf
JolQmx?df
/f]huf/L ug{
g;Sg]sf] xsdf
;bf c?sf]
e/df af“Rg' kg]{
afWotf ePsf
ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?nfO
af“Rg k'Ug] u/L
;fdflhs ;'/Iff
k]G;gsf] Joj:yf
ug'{ kg]{ .

10. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
=%=lzÔf M=%=lzÔf M=%=lzÔf M=%=lzÔf M=%=lzÔf M
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sfnflu kx'"r ;lxtsf]
cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s clgjfo{ lgz'Ns lzÔf
;lxtsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] ckfªutf
cg's'nsf] lzÔf k|fKt ug]{ cj;/sf] >Lhgf ug'{ kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLsf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ k9g
/fHon] lgz'Ns k9g kfpg] Uof/]G6L ;lxtsf] Joj:yfsf]
;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ .
^= :jf:Yo M^= :jf:Yo M^= :jf:Yo M^= :jf:Yo M^= :jf:Yo M
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf
;DjGwL kx'“r k'of{pg lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] ;xh
pknJwtf ;lxt c;fWo} /f]ux? h:t} d[uf}nf, d'6',
cj'{w - SoG;/_ h:tf /f]ux?sf] laÈ]z pkrf/sf]
Joj:yf ug{ ;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg ug'{ kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO clgjfo{ :jf:Yo
ladfsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] :jf:Yo
k'g:yf{kfgfsf sfo{x?df :yflgo :t/;Dd k'of{pg
;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg ug'{ kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx?sf] k|hgg :jf:Yosf]
clwsf/sf] ;+/Ô0F ug{ ;+ljwfgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] zf/Ll/s k'gyf{kgf
;xfos ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;xh pknJwtfsf] nflu
;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg ug{ kg]{ .
&= ;dfj]zL / lg0F{o k|s[ofdf ;xeflutf M&= ;dfj]zL / lg0F{o k|s[ofdf ;xeflutf M&= ;dfj]zL / lg0F{o k|s[ofdf ;xeflutf M&= ;dfj]zL / lg0F{o k|s[ofdf ;xeflutf M&= ;dfj]zL / lg0F{o k|s[ofdf ;xeflutf M
– /fhgLlts bnx?n] ug]{ ljleGg txsf] lg0F{o
k|lqmofdf ;+DjlGwt bndf cfj4 ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLx?nfO lg0F{o k|s[ofdf ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{ .
– ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO ljsf;
lgdf{0F,gLlt lgdf{0F sfof{Gjog k|s[ofdf ;dfj]zul/
;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{ .
*= lhjgsf] clwsf/ / ;DktLsf] ;+/Ô0F M*= lhjgsf] clwsf/ / ;DktLsf] ;+/Ô0F M*= lhjgsf] clwsf/ / ;DktLsf] ;+/Ô0F M*= lhjgsf] clwsf/ / ;DktLsf] ;+/Ô0F M*= lhjgsf] clwsf/ / ;DktLsf] ;+/Ô0F M
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?nfO ;Ddflgt hLjg
ofkg ug{ / ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] ;DkQLsf]
;+/Ô0Fsfnflu sfg'gL Joj:yf u/fpg ;+ljwfgn]
lgb]{zg ug'{ kg]{ .
(= gful/s clwsf/ / gful/stf ;lxtsf](= gful/s clwsf/ / gful/stf ;lxtsf](= gful/s clwsf/ / gful/stf ;lxtsf](= gful/s clwsf/ / gful/stf ;lxtsf](= gful/s clwsf/ / gful/stf ;lxtsf]
klxrfg Mklxrfg Mklxrfg Mklxrfg Mklxrfg M
u0FtGqsf] :yfkgf eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?n] cGo gful/sx? ;dfg
clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf]sf] x'“bf cGo gful/s ;/x
gful/s clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;'lglZrttf ug'{ kg]{ .
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf] k}t[s ;DktL x/0F ug]{
dg;fon] sltko kl/jf/sf ;b:on] gful/stf g}
gjfgfOlbg] x'bf ;j} eGbf klxnf ckfªutf ePsf
JoQmLnfO gful/stf s;/L lbnfpg ;lsG5 elg
gLltut Joj:yf ug{ ;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg ug'{ kg]{ .
!)= åGå tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf ckfªutf!)= åGå tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf ckfªutf!)= åGå tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf ckfªutf!)= åGå tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf ckfªutf!)= åGå tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf ckfªutf
ePsf AoQmLx?sf nfluePsf AoQmLx?sf nfluePsf AoQmLx?sf nfluePsf AoQmLx?sf nfluePsf AoQmLx?sf nflu
ljleGg ;dodf ePsf åGå bf]xf]/f] ´8k,
hgcfGbf]ng, dw]z cfGbf]ng nufot tyf /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ngsf qmddf 3fOt] c+ue+u eO ckfªutf
ePsf JoQmLx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg tyf ;Ddflgt
hLjg ofkgsfnflu ;+ljwfgn] lgb]{zg ug'{ kg]{ .
!!= ckfªutf zzQmLs/0F cfof]u!!= ckfªutf zzQmLs/0F cfof]u!!= ckfªutf zzQmLs/0F cfof]u!!= ckfªutf zzQmLs/0F cfof]u!!= ckfªutf zzQmLs/0F cfof]u
ckfªutfsf] ;jfnnfO ;+jf]wg ug{ Ps ckfªutf
zzQmLs/0F cfof]usf] u7g ug'{ kg]{ .
lgZsÈ{ MlgZsÈ{ MlgZsÈ{ MlgZsÈ{ MlgZsÈ{ M
s'g} klg /fi6« ;d'Ggt /fi6« aGgsf] /fHosf x/]s
gful/sx?n] ljgfe]befj clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'
kb{5 . hj ;Dd ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?n] k'0F{
?kdf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+s[lts, gful/s /
/fhgLlts clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg tj ;Dd /fi6«
ljsf; ;Dej 5}g .
To;}n] jt{dfg ;+ljwfg;efaf6 clgjfo{ ?kdf
ckfªutf ePsf JoQmLx?sf ;jfnx? ;dfj]z ug'{
kb{5 cGoyf #) nfv gful/snfO{ cGofo x'g]5 .
;jfn / ;'´fjx? tof/ kg]{;jfn / ;'´fjx? tof/ kg]{;jfn / ;'´fjx? tof/ kg]{;jfn / ;'´fjx? tof/ kg]{;jfn / ;'´fjx? tof/ kg]{
/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn/fli6«o ckfªu dxf;+3 g]kfn
kf]i6aS; g+ (!** sf7df08f}kf]i6aS; g+ (!** sf7df08f}kf]i6aS; g+ (!** sf7df08f}kf]i6aS; g+ (!** sf7df08f}kf]i6aS; g+ (!** sf7df08f}
;'bz{g ;'j]bL;'bz{g ;'j]bL;'bz{g ;'j]bL;'bz{g ;'j]bL;'bz{g ;'j]bL
;Dks{ (*%!)%(#^);Dks{ (*%!)%(#^);Dks{ (*%!)%(#^);Dks{ (*%!)%(#^);Dks{ (*%!)%(#^)

11. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
k|fs[lts ljktx?af6 s'g} klg b]z c5"t 5}g .
o:tf b}jL k|sf]knfO{ k"0F{ ?kn] 6fg{ g;lsP klg
To;sf] plrt Joj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0F eg]
lg;Gb]x ug{ ;lsG5 . b]zsf] cfly{s cj:yfn] klg
o:tf ljkt Joj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go'gLs/0Fdf k|ToÔ
k|efj kf5{ / ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf x'g] d'Vo
leGgtf klg oxL x'g;S5 .
;g @)!! ;fnsf] dfr{ !! sf] Tof] lbg ;fob
w]/}sf nflu Pp6f ljgfzsf/L / qf;bLk"0F{ lbgsf
?kdf c´} tfh} /x]sf] x'g'k5{, h'g lbgdf hfkfgdf
dxfe"sDk / ljgfzsf/L ;'gfdL cfPsf] lyof] . xhf/f}+
3fOt] ePsf, nfvf}+ lj:yflkt ePsf clg ´G8} @)
xhf/eGbf a9Ln] k|f0F u'dfPsf] Tof] 36gfnfO{ d}n]
klg k|ToÔ ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf] lyP" . a9bf] ;x/Ls/0F,
cJojl:yt a:tL, e"sDk k|lt/f]wL 3/x¿sf] lgdf{0F
gx'g' nufotnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ d s] eGg c;lhnf]
dflGbg eg] olb To:t} e"sDk xfd|f] b]z To;df klg
sf7df8f}+df hfg] xf] eg] xfdL w]/} cy{df ;dfKt x'g
;S5f}+ . e"sDkn] vf;} hfkfgnfO{ Ôlt gk'¥ofPsf]
eP klg To;kl5 cfPsf] ;'gfdLsf] e]nn] eg]
8f= sdn nfld5fg]
hfkfgnfO{ klg ck"/0FLo Ôlt eof] . l;ªuf] hfkfg
zf]sdf 8'Aof], lah'nL, kfgL / vfBfGgsf] cefj klg
eof], y'k|} ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ elTsP / b]zn] ;+s6sfn
3f]È0Ff u/L cfÎgf] ;Dk"0F{ zlSt To;df nufof] .
l;ªuf] ljZjn] Ps eP/ hfkfgnfO{ x/;Dej ;xof]u
u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} ;/sf/L txaf6 lg0F{o u/fP/
xfdLn] kfpg] u/]sf] tnadf &=* k|ltzt s6f}tL u/L
of] Ô]qsf nflu 5'6ofOPsf] lyof] / of] tnasf] s6f}tL
ug]{ qmd @)!$ ;fnsf] dWo;Dddf /xof] .
lj=;+= @)$% kl5 g]kfnn] ljgfzsf/L e"sDksf]
Tolt dx;'; ug{ gk/] klg x/]s jÈ{ xfdLnfO{ af9L
/ klx/f]n] ;tfO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L k|efljtx?sf] p4f/,
pkrf/, vfgf / a:g] Joj:yfsf nflu /fHon] alnof]
pkl:ylt hgfpg g;s]sf] s'/f aflx/ cfO;s]sf]
5 . hfkgdf Tolt 7"nf] k|sf]ksf a]nfdf klg sxL+
st} n'6kf6sf 36gfx? ePgg, vfBfGgsf] s[lqd
cefj vf;u/L d"Noj[l4 ug{ vf]Hg] xfd|f Jofkf/Lxµdf
b]lvg] lgs[i6 ;f]r slxNo} b]lvPg hfkfgLx?df . a?
:jo+;]jLsf ?kdf ;]GbfO{ / km's'l;dfsf hgtfnfO{
vfBfGg nufot cGo ;fdu|Lx? pknAw u/fpg] sfd

12. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
u/] Toxf“sf hgtfn] .
x'g t b]zleq / aflx/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?n] s]xL
cfly{s ;xof]u t ul//x]sf 5g, t/ lj:yflktx?nfO{
pgLx?sf] lalu|Psf] dfgl;s cj:yfnfO{ ;3fpgsf
nflu k|efjsf/L p4f/ / k'gM:yfkgf h?/L k5{, h'g
s]jn ;/sf/L txsf] dfq} k|of;af6 ;Dej gx'g
;S5 .
cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{ afx]s s] slxNo} xfdLn] ;f]r]sf
5f}+, To;/L k|efljt Ô]qdf xfdLn] ef}lts pkl:ylt
slt hgfPsf 5f}+ eg]/ . l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf klx/f] / cGo
Ô]qdf af9L hf"bf ;x/L Onfsfsf xfdLnfO{ b'Vg] ls
gb'Vg] < sf]zLn] k"j{df ljgfz lgDTofp“bf To; afx]ssf
cGo Ô]qsf xfdLnfO{ 5'g] ls g5'g] < k|fs[lts k|sf]kn]
h;nfO{ klg c;/ ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] o; ;DaGwL
ljBfno txb]lv g} ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ plrt hfgsf/L
lbg ;lsg]u/L kf7oqmdsf] ljsf; ul/g'k5{, h;n]
pgLx¿nfO{ ljktsf ;dodf s] ug'{k5{ eGg] k"0F{ 1fg
xf]; . Toltdfq xf]Og, pgLx¿df :jo+;]jL efjgfsf]
ljsf; x'g] vfnsf ljÈoj:t'x¿nfO{
;dfj]z ul/Pdf Psn] csf{nfO{ ;xof]u
ug]{ efjgfsf] ljsf; x'g;S5 .
hfkfgdf @)!! sf] pQm ljgfzsf/L
36gf ePkl5 Ps ;]d]:6/hlt sltko
ljBfno / ljZjljBfnox?n] aGb u/]
/ b}jL k|sf]k k|efljt Ô]qdf ;a}n]
:j:km't{ ?kdf ;3fpgsf nflu ;xefuL
eP . o;/L ;xefuL ePafkt
ljZjljBfnox?n] ljBfyL{x?nfO{
pgLx?n] cWoog ubf{ k|fKt x'g] qm]l86
:jtM lbg] Joj:yf ul/of] . of] Joj:yfaf6 Psflt/
ljBfyL{x?n] ljktdf k/]sfnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd ;xof]u
ug{ kfPsf] cg'e"lt ug{;s] eg] csf{lt/ cWoog u/]
;/x g} qm]l86 klg k|fKt ug{;s] . ca t lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno klg ;]d]i6/ k|0FfnLdf uPsf] 5, h;n]
o:tf Jofjxfl/s kÔnfO{ klg ;d]6g ;Sg]u/L lzÔsnfO{
tof/ ub}{ n}hfg ;Sg'k5{ .
k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] ;a} k|efljt x'g] eP klg dlxnf,
afnaflnsf, j[4j[4f clg ckfªu gful/sx? c´}
a9L uDeL/ cj:yfdf x'G5g . hfkfgsf] pSt
ljgfzsf/L 36gfdf klg j[4j[4f clg ckfªu
gful/sx?sf] cj:yf bogLo b]lvP kl5 cfhsn
o:tf gful/sx?nfO{ s;/L ljkt Joj:yfkgdf ;d]6g
;lsG5 eGg] af/]df Wofg s]lGb|t x'gyfn]sf] 5 /
@)!% ;fn k5fl8sf nflu to x'"b} u/]sf ljsf;sf
nIox?df k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ ;d]6g] k|of;x? eO/x]sf
5g . ;]GbfO{, h'g @)!! ;fnsf] e"sDk / ;'gfdLaf6
clt k|efljt Ô]q xf], Toxf“ g} cfufdL jÈ{sf] dfr{sf]
!$ b]lv !* tfl/v;Dd ljktsf hf]lvd Go'gLs/0F
;DaGwL x'g] ljZj ;Dd]ngdf ckfªutfnfO{ ljz]È
k|fyldstfdf /flvPsf] 5 .
b}jL k|sf]kdf ;a} dflg;x?n] p:t} vfnsf
hf]lvdsf] ;fdgf ug]{ eP klg s:tf dflg; a9L
k|efljt x'G5g eGg] s'/f pgLx?sf] cfly{s tyf
;fdflhs cj:yf, gful/s ;r]tgfsf] / ;zQmLs/0Fsf]
:t/ clg p4f/ ;fdu|Lx?df x'g] kx'"rn] e"ldsf v]Ng]
s'/f cWoogn] b]vfPsf 5g . rfx] Tof] b}jL k|sf]k
xf]; of åGå, ckfªu JolQmx¿ To;af6 a9L k|efljt
x'G5g eGg]df vf;} b'O{dt 5}g . xfO6Ldf @)!) df
uPsf] e"sDkdf 3fOt] eO{ sl/a @ nfvhlt dflg;x?
ckfªu ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
p4f/df kx'“r / cfkTsfnLg af;:yfgsf] Joj:yf
gx'g', vfB ;fdu|Lsf] ljt/0Fdf pgLx?nfO{ k|fyldstf
glbg' cflb b}jL k|sf]k eO;s]kl5 ckfªu
gful/sx?n] ef]Ug'kg]{ s]xL r'gf}tLx? x'g .
Psflt/ cfjZos k"j{tof/Lsf] cefjdf
ckfªu gful/sx?nfO{ b}jL k|sf]ksf
;dodf p4f/ gul/g] ;Defjgf /xG5
eg] csf]{lt/ ckfªu gful/sx?sf]
klxrfg ug{df g} 7"nf] ;d:of x'g;S5 .
pko'St / k|efjsf/L ;+oGq / s'g 7fp“df
slt ckfªu gful/sx? a:5g eGg]
tYofªssf] cefjdf .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s]Gb|Lo txdf
;+oGqx? eP klg tL ljkt Joj:yfkg / hf]lvd
Go'gLs/0Fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{eGbf klg k|fs[lts k|sf]k
e};s]kl5 k|ltlqmof hgfpgdf g} ;Lldt eP´}+ k|tLt
x'G5 . uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/ ug]{ / ljb]zdf tflnd klg
k|fKt ug]{ t/ b]zleq To;/L l;s]sf ;Lksf] k|of]u ug]{
cg's"n cj:yf tof/ gug]{ k|j[lQn] hgwgsf] ÔltnfO{
sd ug{ ;lsGg . ckfªutf ;DaGwL dxf;GwLsf] wf/f
!! n] :ki6;"u hf]lvd / cfkTsfnLg cj:yfdf ckfªu
gful/sx?k|lt /fHon] ug'{kg]{ bfloTjx? pNn]v u/]sf]
5 . o;}sf cfwf/df klg ca ckfªu JolQmx?sf]
cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{u/L ljkt Joj:yfkgsf
;a} lqmofsnfkx?df pgLx?nfO{ k|ToÔ ?kdf ;xeflutf
u/fOg'k5{, tfls o;/L agfOPsf sfo{qmdx¿ pgLx¿sf
nflu klg plQs} ?kdf k|efjsf/L x'g ;s'g .
sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf k|sflzt
ljkt Joj:yfkg /
hf]lvd Go'gLs/0fdf
Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{eGbf
klg k|fs[lts k|sf]k
e};s]kl5 k|ltlqmof
hgfpgdf g} ;Lldt

13. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
;]jfdf ;ljgo gd| lgj]bg of] 5 sL
lghfdlt ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL rl/qsf] lgdf{0f
ug{ v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdWo]
$% k|ltzt kb 5'6ØfO ;f] k|ltztnfO{
;tk|ltzt dfgL dlxnf ##, cflbjf;L
hghflt @&, dw]zL @@, blnt (, ckfªu
% / lk5l8Psf] If]q rf/ k|ltzt ;dfj]zL
sf]6fsf] Joj:yf u/L 5'§f–5'§} k|lt:kwf{af6
kbk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;} cg'¿k
@)%* ;fnsf] /fli6«o hgu0fgfn] g]kfn
clw/fHo leqsf s'n hg;+Vofsf] z"Go
bzdnj $^ k|ltzt ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿sf] hg;+VofnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/
lghfdlt ;]jfdf o; ju{sf nflu kfFr
k|ltzt ;dfj]zL sf]6f cf/If0f ul/of] .
olx Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df nf]s;]jf cfof]un]
x/]s jif{ k|To]s nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] If]qLo
/ c~rn sfof{nox¿sf nflu ckfªutfsf]
sf]6fx¿ a9Ldf b'O{j6f clwsf+; If]qdf
Ps / sltko s]Gb|sf ;fy} cGo lghfdlt
;]jf jf kbx¿df z"Go klg /x]sf] cj:yf
5 . o;/L cf/If0f ul/Psf] ckfªutf
sf]6fdf ;of}+ ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿n]
cfj]bg kmf/d e/L tf]lsPsf] ;dodf
k/LIffdf ;fd]n ePsf 5g . t/ ;kmntf
xft nfUg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf xf], / oL
cf/If0f sf]6fdf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L
hghflt, dw];L nufotsf] ;d'bfon] o;
ckfªutfsf] % k|ltzt ;dfj]zL sf]6faf6
/f]huf/L k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eGg]
k|df0fx¿ kl5Nnf] ;dodf b]vfkl//x]sf]
;Gbe{ xf] . of] gLlt of] ljlw / k|lqmofn]
ckfªutf ePsf ;a} hfthflt blnt,
cflbjf;L hghflt dw]zL, dlxnfx¿df
kl5Nnf] ;dosf] glthfn] k|ToIf ¿kdf
cGofo / lje]bdf kfl//x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
o:tf] glthf b]lvg'df pDd]åf/x¿sf]
sfof{Gjogsf] r/0f cem}
ablgotk"0f{ 5 ;/sf/L gLlt
c;Ifdtf dfq sf/stTj x}g, gLltdf
ePsf] lje]bsf] sf/0fn] b]vfPsf] kl/0ffd
xf] . blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt dw]zL,
dlxnfx¿df b]lvPsf] c;kmntf
pDd]åf/x¿sf] c;Ifdtf;Fu t'ngf eof] /
cf}+NofOof] eg] sdhf]/ ju{, ;d'bfo dfly
bf]if y'kf/]/ pGd'lQm kfpg] pkfo afx]s
cGo s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . h:n] k|ltjfb ug]{
;fx; /fVb}gg =======Û
;dfj]zL gLltsf] ;}4flGts w/ftn Tolt
a]nfsf] ljBdfg cj:yfdf /fHosf ;|f]t,
;fwg zf;g k4lt / zlQmsf afu8f]/
;dfn]sf ju{;Fu df}nfPsf gftfjfb /
s[kfjfbsf] ;+hfn / afFsL /x]sf hLljt
cjz]ifleq 5]pnfu]sf tyf kfvf kfl/Psf
ju{ ;d'bfonfO{ /fHo ;+rfngsf ;a}
;+oGqx¿df pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutf
z'lglZrt x'g jf hg;ªVofsf] cfwf/df
;dfj]zL x'g g;Sg] cj:yf / sf/0fx¿sf]
k[i7e"lddf cfwfl/t 5 . of] kl/l:yltaf6
d'lQmsfdL kl/jt{gsf nflu lghfdlt
;]jfdf $% k|ltzt ;dfj]zL sf]6f kfvf
kfl/Psf ju{ ;d'bfox¿sf nflu Joj:yf
u¥of] / cfkmgf] hftL cfkmgf] ju{,
;d'bfo;Fu ;xh ¿kdf k|lt:kwf{sf]
dfWodaf6 5gf}6 x'g] gLltut jftfj/0f
tof/ eof] . of] k|lqmof ;fdflhs Gofosf]
lx;fjdf klg pko'{Qm / j}1flgs cfwf/ g}
dfGg' kb{5 . t/ ckfªtfsf] If]qdf eg]
Tolx % k|ltzt ;dfj]zL sf]6fdf ckfªutf
ePsf a|fDx0f, If]qL, dlxnf, cflbjf;L
hghflt, blnt, dw];L lk58f
If]qnufotsf ju{ ;d'bfo nf]s;]jf
cfof]usf k/LIffx¿df jf ;/sf/L
/f]huf/Lsf nflu v'nf k|lt:kwf{ ul//x]sf
5g . t;y{ ckfªutf If]qsf] % k|ltzt
;dfj]zL sf]6f v'nf k|lt:kwf{Tds k|0ffnLdf
xfn;Ddsf]
glthfnfO{ x]g]{
xf] eg] klg
ckfªutf
ePsf
JolQmx¿sf
nflu ul/Psf]
% k|ltzt
;dfj]zL
sf]6fdf
cflbjf;L
hghflt,
blnt, dw]zL
;d'bfo, /
lk58f If]qsf
ju{, ;d"bfon]
/f]huf/L k|fKt
ug{ ;s]sf
5}gg .
rGb| /fO{

14. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
cfwfl/t 5 . hxfFaf6 dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt,
blnt, dw]zL lk58LPsf ju{ If]qsf ;d"bfodf /x]sf
ckfªtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] /f]huf/Ldf ;dfj]zLs/0f
/ ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf z'lglZrt x'g ;Sb}g .
;fy} xfn;Ddsf] glthfnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] klg ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu ul/Psf] % k|ltzt ;dfj]zL
sf]6fdf cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL ;d'bfo, /
lk58f If]qsf ju{, ;d"bfon] /f]huf/L k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf
5}gg . ;fy} oL ju{ ;d'bfo leqsf jf:tljs ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿n] cfkmg} ju{ ;d'bfoleqsf] ;dfj]zL
sf]6faf6;d]t cj;/ k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg .
To;sf/0f ckfªutfsf] ulDe/tf;d]tsf] ljljwtf
k|ltsf] pRr a'emfO{sf] sl7gfOn] x'g ;S5 gLltut
Joj:yfkgdf q'l6 x'g k'Uof] . hxfFaf6 ckfªutfsf]
If]qdf klg csf]{ lje]bsf] ;'¿cft eof] / h;n] xfn
cfP/ lje]bk"0f{ glthf b]vfpg yfNof] .
g]kfn ax'hflt, ax'eflifs ax';f+:s[lts / ax'wfld{s
¿kdf /x]sf] ju{ ;d'bfox¿df hLjg:t/ lzIff /
hgr]tgfsf cfodx¿df klg ljljwtf 5 . oL g}
cfwf/x¿nfO{ tYout cfwf/df s]nfpFbf hftLo,
If]qLo, n}lªus ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nflu ljz]if gLltaf6
cjnDjg ul/Psf pkofx¿ tyf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf]
nflu ul/Psf] ljz]if Jo:yfx¿ ;fdflhs Gofosf]
lx;fjdf csf6o 5g . tyflk ckfªutfsf] ;d:of
s'g} hflt ljz]if, wd{ ljz]if, ju{ / If]q ljz]if;Fu
dfq hf]l8Psf] ljifo x}g, ckfªutfsf] If]q klg oL g}
ax'kIfLo ;fdflhs w/ftn;Fu cGt/;DjlGwt ljifo
x'g . juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}ªuLs pTkL8gsf]
;jfnleq hf]l8Psf] csf]{ pTkL8gsf] ;jfn xf],
ckfªutfsf] If]q . oL juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo,
n}ªuLstfsf] ljifo jt{dfg cj:yfdf of] /fHosf]
k|d'v ;jfn Pjd d'2fx¿ ag]sf 5g . oL pTkL8gsf
;jfnsf] ;Djf]wg x'g] qmddf ToxLleqsf csf]{
pTkL8gdf /x]sf ckfªutf If]qnfO{ klxrfg /
ulDe/tfsf] cfwf/df ljz]if gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿
dfkm{t cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ul/g' kb{5 eGg] xf] . t;y{
Pstfdf cg]stf eO{ km}lnPsf ckfªutfsf] d'2f Pj+
;jfnx¿df gLltut txsf] ;+/rgfdf oL
;Dj]bgzLntf / dd{x¿ knfog x'g'n] lje]bsf] l;h{gf
ePsf] b]lvG5 / alx:s/0fdf k/]sf ju{, If]q /
;d'bfosf ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿df clwsf/ /
cj;/x¿ s6f}tL ePsf] cj:yf xf] To;sf/0f olb
gLlt ;a}sf nflu xf] eg] ljBdfg lghfdlt ;]jfsf]
kbk"lt{;DjGwL Joj:yf cGt/ut ;dfj]zLs/0fsf]
cfwf/nfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ cfjZos 5 gLltut q'l6af6
s;}nfO{ lje]b x'G5 eg] To:tf gLlt kl/dfh{g x'g
klg cfjZos 5 .
cGttM ckfªutf If]qsf nflu % k|ltzt ;dfj]zL
sf]6f Go"g ePsf] sf/0fn] of]Uotf k'u]sf / Ifdtf
ePsf ;Ifd ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿ /f]huf/Laf6
ljd'v / jl~rt x'g' kg]{ l:ylt l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 .
o;nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd Go"gLs/0f ug{ / ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu cj;/x¿ l;h{gf ug{ ;lsg]
cj:yf 5 . h;sf nflu jt{dfg lghfdlt ;]jf P]g
/ lgodfjnL leqsf kbk"lt{ ;DjGwL ;dfj]zL gLltnfO{
;dosf] dfusf] cfwf/df kl/dfh{g ug{ cfjZos
5 . h;sf nflu tklzn cg';f/sf] gLltut
k|fjwfgx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsPdf lje]b/lxt
;fdflhs Gofodf yk ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
ckfªutf If]qsf] % k|ltzt cf/If0f sf]6f
@)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfdf b]ze/sf ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿sf] hg;+Vof )=$^ k|ltztsf] cfwf/df
Joj:yf ul/Psf] xF'bf pQm % k|ltzt ;dfj]zL sf]6fnfO{
@)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfn] b]vfPsf] b]z e/sf
ckfªutfsf] hg;+Vof !=($ k|ltztsf] cfwf/df
ckfªutfsf] ;dfj]zL sf]6f % k|ltztdf yk j[l4
ug{ cfjZos 5 .
ckfªutfsf] jt{dfg !=($ k|ltzt
hg;ªVofsf] cfwf/df % k|ltztdf j[l4 ePsf
ckfªutfsf] ;dfj]zL sf]6f ;a} hflt, lnªu ju{
If]qleqsf ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] nflu v'nf
k|lt:kwf{sf] k|0ffnL cGt/ut g} ;'/lIft ug]{ .
Dflxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL ;d'bfosf
nflu ;dfj]zL] sf]6fleqaf6 % j6f sf]6f ePdf ! / !)
j6f sf]6f ePdf b'O{ j6f u/L Pjd k|sf/n] ToxL ;d'bfodf
/x]sf ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu cf/If0fsf]
Joj:yf x'g cfjZos 5 .
ckfªutfsf] ulDe/tfsf] cfwf/df k|fyldstfsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
– ufO{3f6, pbok'/
raic841@gmail.com

15. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
b[li6laxLg lr/GhLljsf]
cfF6f dLn vf]Ng]] cfF6
ckfªutf ePsfx¿nfO{ xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem} x]nfxf]rf] ug]{ / bofsf] kfq
agfpg] ul/G5 . t/ lr/GhLljn] u/]sf] ;+3if{n] ckfªutf x'g]x¿ lbgxLg x}gg
km/s Ifdtf ePsfx¿ x'g eGg] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
xKtfsf] zlgaf/ / d+unaf/
lr/lGhjLsf] sdfpg] lbg xf] . ha
lo b'O{ af/ glhs cfpF5g cl3Nnf]
lbgb]lv g} b'j} cfFvfdf Hof]lt
gePsf b[li6laxLg cwa+};]
lr/lGhjL zdf{ / pgsL >LdtL
ls/0fnfO{{ wfuf]df sfutL, n;'g /
vf];f{gL pGg EofO{ gEofO{ x'G5 .
>LdtLn] sfutL, n;'g / vf];f{gL
wfuf]df pgL lbPkl5 lr/lGhjL
x/]s zlgaf/ / d+unaf/ lbge/L
lj/f6gu/sf x/]s rf]s / ulNnsf
k;n k;n / 3/3/df uP/ laqmL
ub{5g . o;}af6 rn]sf] 5
b[li6laxLg lr/lGhjLsf] kl/jf/sf]
u'hf/f .
3/ k;nsf b}nfx¿df zlgaf/
/ d+unaf/ wfuf]df pg]sf] xl/of]
sfutL / vf]{;fgL em'08ofPdf
c?sf] gh/ nfUb}g eGg] cfd
ljZjf; 5 . oxL ljZjf; g} b'j}
cfFvfsf] Hof]lt gePsf
lr/lGhjLnfO{ kl/jf/ kflnlbg] /fd|f]
Jofkf/ ePsf] 5 .
#% a;]{ lr/lGhjL hGdb]lvs}
b[li6laxLg x'g . t/ lj/f6gu/sf
rf]s, ulNn / 3/–3/df 3'd]/
Jofkf/ ug{ pgL cfFvf b]Vg]x¿eGbf
sd 5}gg . pgnfO{ sxfF–sxfF
cfkmgf u|fxs 5g eGg] s07:y}
5 . tLg tnf dfly xf]; of ;fFu'/f]
ulNndf /x]sf] k;n, pgL cfkm"n]
;Fw} af]Sg] nf}/f]sf] ;xf/fn] ;lhn}
k'U5g . lj/f6u/ h:tf] Jo:t ofq'
/ ;jf/Lsf] cfjt–hfjt ePsf]
eL8ef8df klg lrl/lGhjL slxNo}
b'3{6gfdf k/]sf 5}gg . lrl/lGhjL
d+unaf/ / zlgAff/ pg]sf] sfutL
a]r]/ lbgsf] b'O{–tLg ;o cfDbfgL
ug]{ u/]sf] atfpF5g . c¿
a]nf pgL slxn] k':ts, slxn]
klqsf t slxn] Sofn]G8/ / wfld{s
k':tsx¿ ahf/df 8'nfP/ laqmL
u5{g . pgsf] nugzLntf b]v]/
s;}n] klg pgnfO{ b[li6laxLg /
sdhf]/ eGb}gg . 6«flkmsrf]s
klAns k':ts k;nsf ;+rfns
dfwj zdf{ hLjgaf6 x/]; vfPsf
;anfªux¿n] lrl/lGhjLsf]
;+3if{nfO{ a'em] hLjg dl/nfg x}g
ul/vfgsfnflu xf] eGg] k|]/0ff ldNg]
atfpF5g .
hGdb]lvg} cfFvf 7ØfDd} b]Vg
g;Sg] lr/lGhjL zdf{sf]
lj/f6gu/–* zlgdlGb/df ;fgf]
3/ 5 . ToxfF pgL b'j} cfFvfsf]
Hof]lt ePsL >LdtL;Fu} Ps 5f]/f
/ Ps 5f]/L;Fu a:5g . d]xgtL
lr/lGhjLn] g]qlxg eP/ klg b'j}
;GtfgnfO{ cfkm+}n] sdfPsf] k};fn]
;'ljwf ;DkGg ljBfnodf k9fpFb}
cfPsf 5g . pgL hGdhft
b[li6laxLg eP klg pgsf ;Gtfg
eg] cfFvfdf ltI0f Hof]lt 5 .
b[li6laxLg ePs}n] lr/lGhjLn]
k9g kfPgg . t/ pgsL >LdtL
ls/0fn] rfxLF & sIff k9]sL 5g .
;fgfltgf] Jofkf/ ub}{ hLjg kfNb}
cfPsf lr/lGhjLsf] k};f sdfP/
Pp6f cfF6f dLn vf]Ng] OR5f 5 .
t/ sfutL a]r]/ sdfPsf] k};f vfFb}
l7Ss x'g] ePsf]n] pgn] /sd
hDdf ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg . zlgaf/
/ d+unaf/ sfutL, slxn]sfFxL
k':ts / Sofn]G8/ a]r] afx]s
pgsf] csf]{ cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t klg
5}g . 8'n]/ pgsf] sfutL / vf];f{gL
laqmL ub}{ cfPsf lrl/lGhjL h'g;'s}
k};f / a:t' 5fd]s} e/df lrG5g .
lr/lGhjLdf sfutL–vf];f{gL
a]Rg ahf/ k;n 8'Nbf8'Nb}
/fhgLlts r]tgf klg a9]sf] 5 .
k|foM pgL cfkm";Fu ;xg'e'lt /fVg]

16. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
lzlIftx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ug{ ?rfpF5g . pgL ckf+usf]
eQf kfpg] cfzdf zfxLsfndf lj/f6gu/sf] j8f
cWoIf klg 5flgPsf lyP .
t/ pgn] dfl;s kfpg] eg]sf] @% ;o eQf rfFxL
kfPgg . t/ pgnfO{ eQf gkfPsf]df nfu]sf] b'Mv
eGbf klg gu/kfnLsf h:tf] ;+:yfdf k|ltlglw eP/
j}7sdf efulng kfpFbf ePsf] v';L w]/} xf] eGg]
nfu]sf] 5 . pgn] eg], …hgk|ltlglw ag]/ b'O{ j6f
j}7sdf efu lnPF gfd rNof] 7"nf] s'/f xf] eQf kfOg
eg]/ s] lrQ b'vfpg' .Ú
ckfªutf ePsfx¿nfO{ xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem}
x]nfxf]rf] ug]{ / bofsf] kfq agfpg] ul/G5 . t/
lr/lGhjLn] u/]sf] ;+3if{n] ckfªutf x'g]x¿ lbgxLg
x}gg km/s Ifdtf ePsfx¿ x'g eGg] k|dfl0ft ePsf]
ckf+u dxf;+3 If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/sf pQd
lzjfsf]6L atfpF5g . lzjfsf]6Ln] eg], …pTk|]/0ff eg{
;Sof] / cj;/ lbof] eg] c¿ klg lr/lGhjLn] h:t}
ul/vfg ;Ifd x'G5g .Ú
ckfªutf ePsfx¿nfO{ bof x}g cj;/ lbg'kg]{
lr/lGhjLsf] ljrf/ 5 . pgL zLk l;s]sf
ckfªux¿nfO{ /fHon] pBf]u Jofkf/ ;+rfng ug{
C0flbg] Jofj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{df hf]8 lbG5g . C0f
kfP cfF6f ldn ;+rfng u/]/ ;'v;Fu kl/jf/nfO{
kfNg] pgsf] OR5f 5 .
pgn] klg kF"hL gePs}n] n3' pBf]u ;+rfng ug{
g;s]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . cem} /fHon] ckfªux¿nfO{
lje]b u/]sf] lr/lGhjLnfO{ s6Ss b'v]sf] 5 . gofF
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gdf ckfªux¿k|lt ul/g]
lje]b x6f]; eGg] rfxgf /fv]sf 5g pgn] . ckf+utf
ePsf]n] /fHoaf6 cf+zLs eQf dfq kfpFb} cfPsf
lr/lGhjL b[li6laxLgx¿ ;a}nfO{ ;/sf/n] k"0f{ ckfªu
eQf lbg'kg]{ dfu u5{g .
ckf·utf ;DaGwL s]lx tYox?
!= ;+;f/df sl/j ^ s/f]8 %) nfv ckfËtf ePsf dflg;x? /x]sf 5g / of] hg;+Vof j[l4;Fu} j9bf]
ultdf /x]sf] 5 .
@= dflg;sf] cf}ift cfo' &) jif{ eGbf j9L ePsf d'n'sx?df x/]s JolQmn] cfkmgf] hLjgsf] cf}ift em08}
* jif{ cyjf !!=% k|ltzt cfkmgf] hLjgsf] ;do ckfËtf lnP/ jfFRg' k5{ .
#= /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdn] hgfP cg';f/ s"n ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx? dWo] *) k|ltzt ljsf:jGd'v
tyf cNk ljsl;t b]zdf 5g .
$= ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx? n}+lus tyf ckfËtfsf] sf/0fn] ul/g] lje]bsf] bf]xf]/f] df/df /x]sf 5g .
%= ;g @))$ df ef/tsf] pl8;f /fHodf ul/Psf] Ps gd'gf cWoogn] ;j}h;f] ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx?
3/df zf/Ll/s oftgfsf] lzsf/ x'g] u/]sf] / @% k|ltzt jf}l4s ckfËtf ePsf dlxnfx? jnfTsf/sf]
lzsf/ x'g] u/]sf] tYof ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .
^= o'lg;]kmsf cg';f/ #) k|ltzt ;8s jfns jf o'jfx?df s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ckfËtf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
&= 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L= n] hgfP cg';f/ % jif{ d'lgsf jfnjflnsfsf] d[To'b/ @) k|ltzt eGbf sd /x]sf
b]zdf ckfËtf ePsf jfnjflnsfsf] d[To' b/ *) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
*= ;+;f/sf s]jn $% b]zx?df dfq ckfËtf ;DjGwL jf lje]blj?4sf sfg"gx? 5g .
(= o'g]:sf]n] hgfP cg';f/ ljsfz;Ln b]zsf () k|ltzt ckfËtf ePsf jfnjflnsfx? ljBfno hfg
;s]sf 5}gg .
!)= cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] hgfP cg';f/ ;+;f/df # s/f]8 *^ nfv sfd ug]{ pd]/sf ckfËtf ePsf
JolQmx? 5g . j]/f]huf/ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;+Vof *) k|ltzt eGbf j9L 5 .
!!= o'4df x/]s Ps jRrf dfl/Fbf c? # hgf jRrf ckfË x'g] u5{g .
!@= ckfËtf ePsf jfnjflnsfdfly x'g] jfn lx+;f ckfËtf gePsf jfnjflnsfsf] t'ngfdf !=& u'0ffn]
j9L x'g] u5{ .
!#= ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] hgfP cg';f/ s]lx b]zx?df @% k|ltzt ckfËtf zf/Ll/s lx+;f / cGo
rf]6k6ssf] sf/0fn] x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
;fdfu|L >f]t M http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.dasp?id=18

17. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
pbok'/sf ^^ jlif{o /fds'df/
/fO{n] 7fg]sf lyP, xftv'§f nfu'Gh]n
u/]/} vfpFnf nfUg 5f8]kl5 ;'6'Ss}
hfpFnf . t/, pgsf] of] cfzf ca k'/f
gx'g] ePsf]sf] 5 . lsgeg] !@ j}zfvdf
uPsf] e"sDkn] pgsf] Pp6f v'§f dfq}
efFlrlbPsf] 5}g sDd/;d]t efFlrPsf] 5 .
* jif{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfd u/]/ 5f8]
klg cfkmg} kl/>ddf afFRb} cfPsf
/fds'df/n] ;f]r]sf klg lyPgg cfkm"
o;/L czQm ckf+u x'g] lbg klg cfpF5
eg]/ . b'O{ j6L >LdtL lax] u/]/ klg
PSnf] hLjg latfpg afWo ePsf pgn]
xftv'§ ;Un} ePsf]n] s;};Fu eLv dfu]/
vfPsf lyPgg . t/ lgb{oL e"sDksf]
df/n] ubf{ ca pgsf] hLjg …g dl/nfg'
g ul/vfg'Úsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . sf]zL
c~rn c:ktfnsf] xf8hf]gL{ ljefudf
pkrf/sfnflu nl8/]xsf j[4 /fdaxfb'/n]
eg], …hLjg kl/>d u/]/ latfpFnf eGg]
lyof] t/ PSnf] / ul/anfO{ g} b}j klg
nfUbf /x]5g .Ú Ps 5f]/f / Ps 5f]/Lsf
afa' /fdaxfb'/ b'j} >LdtLn] 5f8]kl5
PSnf ePsf x'g . clxn] pgnfO{
c:ktfndf x]l/lbg] klg sf]xL 5}gg .
w]/}n] eG5g, …ul/aL eg]sf] cfly{s
cefj xf] .Ú t/ /fdaxfb'/nfO{ nfUg
yfn]sf] 5, …k"0f{ ckf+u x'g' kf] ul/a x'g' xf] t, zl//
eP t k};f sdfpg ;lsxflnG5 lg .Ú pgn] cfkmgf]
ar]sf] eljZonfO{ ;Dem]/ sxflnFb} eg], …e'OFrfnf]n]
dnfO{ o;/L p7g} g;Sg]ul/ glsr]sf] eP t d}n]
o;/L ?g' kg]{ g} lyPg, an x'Gh]n u/]/ t vfGy]F lg .Ú
vf]6fªsf] afKn'–! df hGd]sf x'g /fdaxfb'/ .
@)@* lt/} pgL g]kfnL ;]gfsf hflu/] ePsf lyP .
t/ cf7 jif{d} hflu/ 5f8] . To;kl5 s'v'/f Jofkf/
u/]/ u'hf/f rnfpFb} cfPsf pgn] h]7Ln] 5f8]kl5
sfG5L >LdtL lax] u/] . sfG5Laf6 Ps 5f]/f / Ps
5f]/L eP . t/ sfG5Ln] klg 5fl8lbPkl5 pgL PSnf]
PSnf lyP /fds'df/ ca ckfªu klg eP, eG5g,
ljgfzs
f/L
ljgfzs
f/L
ljgfzs
f/L
ljgfzs
f/L
ljgfzs
f/L
e"sDksf] kL8f
e"sDksf] kL8f
e"sDksf] kL8f
e"sDksf] kL8f
e"sDksf] kL8f
…afFsL hLjg s;/L u'hfg'{ <Ú
ag] . a'9];sfn klg nfu]sf]n] pgn]
csf]{ lax] ug{ h?/L 7fg]gg . s]xL
jif{b]lv pbok'/sf] ufO3f6 ahf/df
lgdf{0f dhb'/sf] sfd ug{ ;lqmo lyP
pgL . Tof] k};fn] pgsf] PSnf] hLjg
rnfpg dgUu] k'u]s} lyof] . dg
nfu]sf] vfGy] / nfpFy] klg .
t/ !@ j}zfv lbpF;f] lqo'uf g=kf=–
@ xf]S;]df kfFrtn] 3/sf] ufx|f] agfpFb}
lyP /fdaxfb'/ . lbpF;f] PSsf;L
e'OFrfnf] cfof] . efUg ;Sg] hlt efu] .
t/ kfFrtnf dfly ePsf]n] c¿ h:tf]
efUg ;s]gg pgL . o;}n] pgL ev{/}
cfkm}+n] agfpFb} u/]sf] kvf{nn] lslrP/
3fOt] eP . pgsf] pkrf/ ;'?df
ufO3f6l:yt lhNnf c:ktfndf eof] .
t/ cj:yf ulDe/ ePsf]n] 8fS6/n]
lj/f6gu/l:yt sf]zL c~rn
c:ktfndf k7fOlbP . !% lbg
eO;Sof] c:ktfsf] cyf]{ ljefudf pgL
…xn g rnÚ ag]/ n8]sf] . cem} pgsf]
ck/];g ePsf] 5}g . v'§fdf /8
nufpg'k5{ eg]sf 5g 8fS6/n] .
cf]5Øfgdf ;'t]/} vfgf vfg afWo 5g
pgL . lb;flk;fa klg cf]5Øfgd}
u5{g . …d/]sf] eP 9'Ss} x'g]lyof], of]
cj:yfdf afFlrof] ca sfd klg ug{
;lsFb}g PSn] df]/fsf] hLjg s'Fhf] g} eof], s'g kfk
u/]5' d}n]Ú, /fds'df/n] ;':s]/f xfNb} lanf}gf u/] .
;/sf/n] h]gt]g lgMz'Ns pkrf/ t ul/b]nf t/
afFsL hLjg s] ul/ u'hfg]{ xf] eGg] pgnfO{ lrGtf
5 . ;/sfn] 3/ agfpg k};f lbg] eg]sf] 5, dg]{sf
kl/jf/nfO{ klg /fxt lbg] eg]sf] 5 t/ czQm 3fOt]
ePsfx¿nfO{ s]xL lbG5' eg]sf] yfxf kfPs} 5}gg
/fds'df/n] . pgn] cfzfnfO{ lg/f;fdf abNb} eg],
…v} e'OFrfnf]df xfdL h;/L ulDe/ 3fOt] ePsfx¿nfO{
klg ;/sf/n] x]l/lbP t 7Ls} x'GYof] xf]nf lg t/
PSnfsf] s'/f] s:n] ;'Gnf <Ú
e"sDkdf czQm
3fOt] ePsfx¿nfO{
/fHon] ;+/If0f
ug'kg]{ cfzf u5{g,
/fds'df/ h:tf
3fOt]x¿

18. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
gofF ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf ckfªutf ePsfx¿sf]
;fdflhs If]qdf ;xeflutfsf] ljifodf pNn]v ul/Psf]
5}g . lsgxf]nf<
gofF ;+ljwfgdf ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx¿sf] ;jfn
;dfj]z gePsf] xf]Og k|;:t ;jfnx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf
5g . xfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfgdf h]hlt ;jfnx¿ k/]sf 5g .
lt ;jfnx¿ @)$^ ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg @)^# ;fnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg eGbf k|ultlzn /x]sf] 5 . ;dfj]zL cfof]udf
;xeflutf lgMz'Ns lzIff ;fFs]lts efiff / a|]ndf k9g
kfpg] hf:tf ;jfnx¿klg ;dfa]z ul/Psf] 5 . dfq
/fhgLlts ;jfn ;dfj]z x'g ;s]sf] 5}g To;sfnfuL
xfdL ;dfj]z u/fpg k|oTglzn 5f} .
dxf;+3n] ckfªutf ePsfx¿nfO{ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf
cfwf/df x/]s If]qdf ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf u/fpg' k5{
eGg] cfjfh p7fpb} cfPsf] lyof] . t/d:of} bfdfpNn]v
ul/Psf] 5}g = gof aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutfePsfx¿ sf]
clwsf/ vf]l;g] cj:yf t cfPsf] xf]Og <
gofF ;+ljwfgdf ckfËtf ePsf gful/sx¿sf]
klxnf] ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ g;s]kl5
bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f]
;+ljwfg;efn] nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] ljjfbkl5
clwstd ;xdtdLaf6 ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes
tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . bf];|f] ;+ljwfg ;efsf]
d:of}bfdf ckfªutf ePsfx¿sf]
clwsf/ slQsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] eof]
t < o;} ljifodf xfdLn] /fli6«o
ckfªu dxf;+3sf cWoIf ;'b{zg
;'j]bL;Fu s'/fsfgL ul/Psf] 5 .
k|:t't 5 ;f]xL s'/fsfgL .
;dfg'kflts ;xefuLsf]nfuL
/fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfnn]
;b}a cu|k+ltdf al; cfjfh
p7fpb} cfO{/x]sf] 5 t/
bnx¿n] o; laifodf Wofg} lbPsf 5}gg . of] ;dfj]z
gx'g'df b'O{j6f sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g .
klxnf] sf/0f dxf;+3nfO{ ;j}n] cfTd;fy ul/
dxf;+3sf] 5ftfdf al; ;+o'Qm jsfnt ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf]
cem} lasf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . st} g]t[Tjn] h;kfp5sL
elg v'§f tfGg] h'g k|j[lQ xfdLdf 5 To;n] ubf{ xfd|f]
cfjfh z;Qm x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . h:sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f
;+ljwfg ;ef ! / @ df xfd|f] ;xefuLtnfO{ bnx¿n]
dxTj glbg' . csf]{ sf/0f xf] bnsf lzz{ g]tfx¿ cem}klg
clwsf/ lbg ;xdt 5}gg .
ckfËtf ePsf AolQmx¿sf] ;jfndf t emg ckfËtf
ePsf AolQmx¿n] k9g] n]Vg] ;+:yfdf a:g] 3/df a:g]
hflu/ /f]huf/L ug{ ;Sg]n] hflu/ /f]huf/L ug]{ gLlt
agfpg] 7fpdf lsg hfg kof]{ . gLlt agfpg] :yfgdf
hfb}df ;j} x'G5 / eGg] h:tf dfgl;stf af]s]sf 5g of]
dfgl;stf kl/jt{g gu/] ;Dd s]xL x'g] cj:yf 5}g .
gofF ;+ljwfgdf ckfªutfePsfx¿sf] xsclwsf/
;'lglZrt ug{ ca dxf;+3n]s:tf] e'ldsf v]N5 <
/fhgLlts
clwsf/
;'lglZrt ePg

19. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
gofF ;+ljwfgdf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/
;dfj]z u/fpg xfdL b]ze/Laf6 g} ;s[o eP/ nfu]sf
5f} . ;ef;b lhNnf lhNnfdf hfbf xfd|f ;b:o ;+:yfsf
;fyLx¿n] ;'emfj lbg'x'g] 5 xfdL s]G›df lgoldt vj/bf/L
ub}{ 5f} . s]xL ;ef;bx¿nfO{ cg'/f]w ul/ xfdLn] z+zf]wg
k|:tfj btf{ u/fpg] tof/L klg ub}{ 5f} .
ckfªutfePsfx¿sf] cGt/fli6«o ;GwLdf g]kfnn]
x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 . s] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ;GwLcg';f/ 5 t
gFof ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf <
;+ljwfg eg]sf] d'n sfg"g xf] o;df dxf;GwLdf
ePsf ;j} s'/f kg{' kb{5 eGg] 5}g lsgsL ;+ljwfgn] ;j}
sf/f ;d]6g ;Sb}g o;n] t lgb]{zg dfq ug]{ xf] .
;+ljwfgdf gk/]sf s'/fx¿ k5L sfg"g agfP/ ;dfj]z
ug{' kb{5 . gofF ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfljt k|fjwfgdf cGt/fli6«o
dxf;GwLnfO{ kfngf ug]{ elg n]lvPsf] 5 To;}n] ;+ljwfgn]
klg dxf;GwLnfO{ /fHosf] sfg"g ;/x dGotf lbPsf] 5 .
ut a};fvdf uPsf] k|fs[lts ljktLdf k/]sf ckfªutf
ePsfx¿sf] k'g:yfkgf / p4f/sf lgDtL dxf;+3n] s]
u/L /x]sf] 5 <
/fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfnn] ut a}zfv !@ df
uPsf] e"sDk kZrft ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] cj:yf
klxrfg / ;]jf k'of{pg] x]t'n] ;dfj]zL lakt Aoj:yfkgsf
sfo{qmdnfO{ cuf8L NofO{ !& lhNnfdf *) hgf
:jo+;]jsx¿ kl/rfng ul/ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . ljz]iful/
e"sDksf] sf/0fn] ckfËtf ePsf e"sDk cuf8L ckfËtf
ePsf t/ lakbaf6 k|efljtx¿sf] oyfy{ tYofÍ ;+sng
ul/ plgx¿sf] cfjZoQmtf cg';f/sf] ;+jlGwt
lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjoul/ ;]jf k'of{pg] sfo{ ul//x]sf]
5 . z'?df xfdLn] /fxft ;fdfu|Lx¿ klg lat/0f uof}{ .
/fHon] ckfªutfePsfx¿sf] ;+/Iffsf lgDtL s:tf
sfdx¿ug{ h?/L b]Vg'x'G5 <
lakb eg]sf] afhf ahfP/ cfpb}g . lakbn] ;fgf]
7'nf] wlg ul/j s]xL eGb}g . lakbsf] sf/0fn] dflg;
;+s6df kg]{ xf]O{gsL dflg;n] agfPsf ;+/rfsf] sf/0fn]
lakb h:t} af9L klx/f] e"sDk hfbf hg wgsf] gf]S;fgL
x'G5 . x/]s lakbaf6 Iflt Go'g ug{ ;lsG5 To;sfnfuL
lakbk|lt/f]wL ;+/rgf / ckfËtfd}qL ;+/rgf agfpg' kb{5
o;df /fHon] Wofg lbg' kg]{ h?/L b]Vb5' .
clxn] dxf;+3sf] ultljwL s:tf] 5 <
/fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfn eg]sf] ;j} ckfËtf ePsf
JolQmx/f] ;+:yfx¿sf] Psdfq 5ftf ;+:yf xf] . laz]iful/
dxf;+3n] gLlt jsfnt ;b:o ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf lasf;
/ hgr]tgf sf ;jfndf a9L sfo{/t /x]sf] 5 .
dxf;+3sf ;b:o ;:yfx¿sf] ljsf;sf lgDtL s;/L
cl3a9g] ;f]rdf x'g'x'G5 <
/fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfndf sfo{ut Ps r'gf}lt lyof]
Tof] s] eg] dxf;+3;Fu ;fem]bf/L ul/ sfo{ ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx¿sf]
cfˆg} sfo{If]q x'g] / Tof] ef}uf]lns l;dfdf al; sfo{ ubf{
dxf;+3 &% lhNnfdf km}lnPsf] eg] klg Tof] x'g ;ls/x]sf]
lyof] . d}n] g]t[Tj ;dfn]kZrft o;nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ lgs}
k|oTg u/]klg of] ;Dej x'g ;s]g lsgsL Pp6f lglZrt
sfof]{hgf tof/ ul/ d}n] g]t[Tj ug{' eGbf cuf8Lsf] g]t[Tjn]
agfPsf] / ;Demf}tf u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] kl/lwleq al; sfo{
ug{' kg]{ afWotf lyof] . t/ at{dfg ;fem]bf/x¿ / gofF cfpg]
;fem]bf/x¿;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ubf{ clxn] pxfFx¿ xfd|f] ;jfndf
;xsfo{ ug{ /fhL ePsf] cj:yf xf] . o;nfO{ xfdLn] cj;/sf]
?kdf lnP/ /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfnn] a[xt ;+:yfut
kl/of]hgf -BroaderOrganizationDevelopment
Project_ ;+rfng ub}{ 5f} . o; kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo
xf] ufpFufpFdf dxf;+3 eGg] gf/fnfO{ ;fy{s kfg{ ;b:o
;+:yfx¿sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ul/ k'0f{ ?kdf cfTd lge{/
agfpg] / cGo ;+:yf / ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] agfpg]
/x]sf] 5 . o; kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;kmn agfpg %)) hgf
ckfËtf clwsf/ k|jw{gstf{, :jo+;]js / ;Dks{ AolQm /fvL
sfo{ ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .
s]lGb|o clwj]zg cfpb} 5 . g]lqTjsf r'gf}tLx¿ s:tf
5g <
/fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfnsf #)) j6f ;b:o
;+:yfx¿ 5g . lt ;b:o ;+:yfx¿dWo] () k|ltzt
;+:yfx¿sf] cj:yf bolgo 5 . xfdL #)) ;+:yfx¿ 5g
eg]/ Psflt/ uj{ ub{5f} eg] csf]{ lt/ () k|ltzt
;+:yfx¿ x/]s aif{ gljs/0f ug{ klg g;Sg] cj:yfsf
5g To;}n] dxf;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;ef clwj]zg ;+rfng
ug{ nfUg] h'g vr{ xf] . Tof] vr{ h'6fpg g]t[Tsf]nflu
r'gf}lt xf] . Pp6f ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg ug{ slDtdf
klg @% nfv nfUb5 of] dxf;+3df hf] g]t[Tjdf /x]klg
r'gf}lt xf] .
clxn]sf] g]lqTjn] u/]sf pknJwLx¿ s:tf s:tf 5g <
xfdLn] k|;:t pknJwLsf sfo{x¿ ug{ ;kmn ePsf
5f} . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿sfnfuL ef}lts kx'Fr tyf
;+rf/ lgb{]lzsf hf/L u/fpg ;kmn eof} . ckfËtf
ePsf JolQmx¿sfnlu gofF law]os sfg"g Nofpg dGqL
kl/ifbaf6 ;}4flGts ;xdlt eO{;s]sf] 5 / clxn] of]
law]ossf] d:of}bf sfg"g dGqfnoaf6 kf; eO{;]sf] 5 .
pknJwLx¿nfO{ ;:yfutug{ s:tf] /0flgtL agfpg'
ePsf] 5 <
d}n] o; eGbf cuf8L g} elg ;s] dxf;+3 tjdfq
bx|f] x'G5 hj ;b:o ;+:yfx¿ ;Ifd cfTdlge{/ eO{ sfo{
ug{ ;Sb5g . dxf;+3n] ;+:yfut lasf;df nufgL ug{'
kg]{ h?/L b]Vb5' . clxn] /fHo kl/jt{gsf] df]8df /x]sf]
5 . b]z ;+l3otfdf hfb} 5 . dxf;+3n] klg cfˆgf] lawfg
/ gLltnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{' h?/L x'g cfpb5 . /fli6«o
ckfË dxf;+3 g]kfnn] laut tLg aif{df y'k} c;n sfo{
u/]sf] 5 dxf;+3sf] ;+:yfut lasf; u/]sf] 5 cj o;nfO{
ufp ufpdf n}hg] xfd|f] ;f]r /x]sf] 5 .
k|:t'lt M xl/ clwsf/L

20. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
afx'g8FuLsf ckfªu
– ljgf]b cfrfo{
b]zsf xfdL cu|;/,
b]zsf xfdL g]tf xf}+
afx'g8f“uLsf xfdL ckfªu
;a} cfh Ps 5f}+ .
5f}+ xfdL ckfªu w]/} k|sf/sf
afx'g8fFuLdf sfd u¥of+}, xfdL ckfªun] w]/} ;kf/sf
vf]Nof} xfdLn] ;xsf/L, Nofof+} xfdLn] PDj'n]G;
ckfªusf] lxtsf] nfuL xfdL cfkm}+ n8of}+
afx'g8FfuLdf cfh xfdLn] /fd|f];Fu h/f] uf8of+}
agfof}+ xfdLn] ckfªusf] ejg
Nofof} xfdLn] ToxfF l;kd"ns sfo{qmd
ub}{5f}+ xfdL ckfªun] afx'g8fFuLdf ckfªusf]
lxtsf] sfd
xfdL ;a} b]zsf ckfªu Psh'6 aGg'k5{
ca xfdL g]kfndf s]xL g s]xL ug{'k5{
ca aGg] ;ljwfgdf ckfªunfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'k5{
ckfªusf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g'k5{
eGg] s'/f u5{g clxn] afx'g8fFuLsf ckfªu
Tof} eP/ klg h'6]sf 5g afx'g8fFuLdf
ckfªunfO{ ;xof]u ug{ w]/} ;kfªu
o:t} 5 xfd|f] afx'g8fFuLsf ckfªusf] sfd
Tof} eP/ xfdL b]z e/sf ckfªu ;Fw} ;a} Ps h'6 xf}+
wGojfb Û
n]vs– g]kfn /fli6«o ckfªu k'gM:yfkgf ;ldlt
afx'g8fFuLsf] sfof{no k|d'v x'g'x'G5 .
d}n] lax] ug'{ c/]
j;Gtsf] jxf/jlg lhGbuLdf cfof} ltdL
;'v b'Mv s] xf] elg ;donfO{ lrgfpg] ltdL
cfh ;'g] ltd|f] dg cGt st} ;of]{ c/]
vj/ 5f]8of} ltldn] dnfO{ d}n] ljx] ug'{ c/] .
;+of]u xf] jf ljj:yf ltdL ;u e]6 eof]
;s];Dd dfofF nfPF cflv/Ldf 3ft eof]
cf8Dj/L dfofF /}5 em'6f s;d vfg] ltdL
cfh ;'g] ltd|f] dg cGt st} ;of]{ c/]
vj/ 5f]8of} ltdn] dnfO{ d}n] ljx] ug'{ c/] ..
hfxfF 5f} v';L x'g' ;'v} ;'v ltd|f]nflu
rf]6 lk/ Joyf cf;' ;f/Llbg' d]/f] nflu
lxhf] ;Dd d]/f] xh'/ elg slQ ?g] ltdL
cfh ;'g] ltd|f] dg cGt st} ;of]{ c/]
vj/ 5f]8of} ltdn] dnfO{ d}n] ljx] ug'{ c/] ...
eGg] uYof}{ ltDn] dnfO{ d]/f] dfofF gjf8g' x}
x'G5 elg s;d vfGy] slQ w]/} /dfO{ /dfO{
efUodfgL /}5' elg dgdg} ubub x'Gy]
cflv/Ldf rf]vf] dfof nTofP/ uof} ltdL
cfh ;'g] ltd|f] dg cGt st} ;of]{ c/]
vj/ 5f]8of} ltDn] dnfO{ d}n] ljx] ug'{ c/] ....
– ;/f]h lqvlq
;flxTo

21. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
p7
ltld k'mnjf/Ldf k'mn km'Nof] eG5f}
t/ d k'mnjf/Ldf sf]kLnf dfq b]V5' .
ltld lhjg nfO{ ;dtn eu/ eG5f} .
t/ d sl7g kxf8} kxf8 dfq b]V5' .
ltdL k|s[lt nfO{ r'Db} lx8g] ko{6s aG5'
eG5f} .
t/ d cfkm' nfO{ 7'nf] ef/L jf]s]/ lx8g]
el/of b]V5' .
ltld / d df lsg of] km/s cfof]
ltld dfq s[ltd xf];f] xf:g vf]H5f} s]jn
d c?nfO{ x;fP/ /dfpg] u5'{ .
ltdL ;fgf] b'vdf klg cfGbf]lnt x'G5f} .
d b'Mvdf cfzf ld;fP ;Gt'lnt x'G5' .
ltld dfq pHofnf]sf] sNkgf u5f}{ .
d cWof/f] jf6 pHofnf] tkm{ hfg] k|oTg u5'{ .
To;}n] ltdL / d df w]/} km/s 5
ltld zAb xf} d sljtf x'
ltld xfjfsf] j]u xf} d l;tntf x'
ltld lstfj xf} t/ d 1fg x'
ltld snd xf} t/ d cIf/ x'
To;}n] ltdL / d df km/s 5 .
P b[li6 gx'g] ltdLx? p7
P jf]nL g;'Gg] ltdLx? p7
P v'6f gx'g] ltdLx? p7
P l;Sg sl7g x'g] ltdLx? p7
P klxrfg gx'g] ltdLx? p7
P lzIff gkfpg] ltdLx? p7
P :jf:Yo ;'ljwf gkfpg] ltdLx? p7
P clwsf/ vf]l;Psf ltdLx? p7
P ;dfh jf6 6fl8Psf ltdLx? p7
P /f]huf/ gkfPsf ltdLx? p7
;j} hf] hxfF hxfF 5f} uf]nj4 x'b} p7
cfkgf clwsf/sf] dfu ub}{ p7
;dfhn] jfw]sf] jGwg tf]8b} p7
cfkm'df ePsf] cfTdlj:jf; hufpb} p7
Ps g Ps lbg ;dfj]lz ;dfh jgfpg]
;kgf b]Vb} p7
ef]s / ul/lj nfO{ lrg]{ cfTdflge{/
lhjgsf] ;kgf b]Vb} p7
gful/s / /fhg}lts clwsf/sf] k"0f{
pkef]u ;lxtsf] lhjgsf] ;kgf b]Vb}
p7
ltd|f] efiff / klxrfg ;lxt u'0f:t/Lo
lhjgsf] ;kgf b]Vb} p7 .
pQd lzjfsf]6L
If]lqo ;+of]hs,
/f=c=d=k'=If]=sf=
lj/f6gu/
l;cf/kL8L ;DaGwL sfo{;fnf
t]x|y'd – /fli6«o ckfË dxf;F3 g]kfnn] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf
;dfh sNof0f dGqfno ;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf t]x|y'd lhNnfdf Ps
lbg] ;Lcf/lk8L ;DjGwL sfof{zfnf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;fnfdf
To; If]qsf ckfªutf ePsf JoQmL / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf
lyof] . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ ;DjGwL dxf;GwL
@))^ sf] af/]df :yflgo :t/df 1fg tyf hfgsf/Ldf clej[4L
ub{] o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k"of{pg' kg{] ;xeflux?n] hf]8
lbPsf lyP . cGt/s[ofaf6 t]x|y'd lhNnfdf #! hgf :yflgo
ckfËtf ePsf JolQm ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf ckfËtf ePsf
JolQmsf cfkmGtx? ;xeflu lyP . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cWoIf 8f]n]j/
u8tf}nf / k|d'v cltlysf] ?kdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no
t]x|y'd hfgsL s'j/ /f7L /x]sL lyOg .
l;/fxf– To;}u/L l;/fxfdfklg ;L=cf/=lk=8L ;DjGwL Ps
lbg] sfof{zfnf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . /fli6o
ckfË dxf;F3 g]kfnn] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;dfh sNof0f
dGqfno ;Fusf] ;fem]bf/L cGt{ut l;/fxf lhNnfdfklg Ps lbg]
ckf+utf ePsf JolQm tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ ;Lcf/lk8L
;DjlGw cled'lvs/0f sfof{zfnf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .
ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ ;DjlGw dxf;GwL
@))^ sf] af/]df :yflgo :t/df 1fg tyf hfgsf/Ldf clej[4L
ub{] o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'/ofpg] pb]Zon] sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . sfo{qddf l;/fxf lhNnfsf $$
hgf :yflgo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf k|ltlgwL tyf ckfËtf
ePsf JolQm / ltgsf cleefjsx?n] ckfËtf ePsf
JolQmx?sf ;xeflutf lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;:yfsf
cWoIf ;+ho cu|jfnn] u/]sflyP . eg] k|d'v cltlysf] ?kdf
dxlnf tyf afnjflnsf sfof{no l;/fxfsL k|d'v ljgf yfkf
/x]sL lyOg . sfo{qmddf lbks l3ld/], /fdljnf; ;fx,
;'/]zs'df/ du/ftL, ljgos'df/ ofbj, nvgnfn ;fx,
zlt;rGb| emfsf] pkl:ytL lyof] .
;+v'jf;ef – ;+v'jf;efdf klg sfo{;fnf ;L cf/ lk8L
;dGwL ;+v'jf;efdfklg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5 .
/fli6«o ckfËu dxf;F3 g]kfnn] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;dfh
sNof0f dGqfno ;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf
;+v'jf;ef lhNnfdf ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx? tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfosf k|ltlglwx? ;xeflu lyP . ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf]
clwsf/ ;DjlGw dxf;GwL @))^ sf] af/]df :yflgo :t/df
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] pb]Zob] cfof]lht
sfo{qmddf lhNnfsf ## hgf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf] ;xeflutf
lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ljdnf a'9fyf]sLn] u/]sL lyOg
eg] k|d'v cltyLsf] ?kdf dxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no
clws[t ;+v'jf;ef ldgf kf}8]n /x]sL lyOg

22. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
lj/f6gu/ . k|fljlws pRr lzIffno gx'Fbf
>j0fzlQm sdhf]/-alx/f_ ePsfx¿ cj;/af6 jl~rt
eO/x]sf 5g .
;/sf/n] alx/fx¿sf] z}lIfs ljsf;sf nflu
pRrtxsf] k|fljlws ljBfno :yfkgf gul/Fbf
dfWoflds:t/;Dd cWoog u/]sf alx/fx¿ yk
k|fljlws lzIff lng] cj;/af6 jl~rt eO/x]sf x'g .
xfn;Dd g]kfndf alx/fx¿n] ;Lldt ljBfnox¿
df ;f+s]lts efiff dfkm{t !) sIff;Dd dfq cWoog
ul//x]sf 5g . b'O{ dfWoflds ljBfnox¿ lj/f6 alx/f
dflj lj/f6gu/ / wf}nflu/L alx/f dflj afUn'+ªdf
pRrtxsf]
k|fljlws
lzIffno gx'“bf
cj;/af6
jl~rt
u0f]z nD;fn
dflj txsf ljBfyL{n] -l;len OlGhlgol/ª_ k|fljlws
lzIff klg lnO/x]sf 5g . t/ pRr txdf k|fljlws
lzIffno gx'Fbf pgLx¿ z}lIfs cj;/af6 jl~rt
eO/x]sf 5g .
lzIff ljefusf cg';f/ xfn alx/fx¿sf nflu
ljBfno:t/df b]ze/ Ps ;o ^( j6f ;|f]t sIff /
!( j6f ljz]if sIff ;+rfngdf 5g . t/ tL sIffx¿df
alx/fx¿ ;f+s]lts efiff dfkm{t cf}krfl/s lzIff
dfq} cWoog ug]{ u/]sf 5g . dfWoflds sIff plQ0f{
u/]kl5 eg] cf}krfl/s pRr lzIff cWoog ug{ klg
jl~rt eO/x]sf 5g . alx/fx¿sf nflu pRrdfljx¿
sf7df8f+} / kf]v/fdf dfq ePsf]n] ;a}sf] kx'Frdf
gk'Ubf pgLx¿ cWogaf6 jl~rt x'g'k/]sf] sf]zL
alx/f ;+3sf cWoIf df]xg ltjf/L atfpF5g . pgL
eG5g, …alx/fx¿nfO{ pRr lzIff k9g ;f+s]lts
efiffsf] ;d:of /x]sf]n] k|fljlws lzIff g} pko'{Qm
x'g] x'Fbf ;/sf/n] ;a} If]qdf pRr k|fljlws
dxfljBfno :yfkgf ug'{ k5{ .Ú
xfn alx/fx¿sfnflu ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 afUn'+ªdf
wf}nflu/L lzIffno ;+rfngdf 5 . o;}u/L bftfsf]
;xof]udf lj/f6gu/l:yt la/f6 alx/f dfljdf klg
dfWoflds txdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x¿n] k|fljlws
lzIff cWoog ul//x]sf 5g . t/, pgLx¿nfO{ k|fljlws
pRr lzIff cWoog ug]{ ljBfno eg] cem} :yfkgf
ePsf] 5}g .
alx/fx?nfO{ k|fljlws -l;lan OlGhlgol/ª_ lzIff
lbg ;s] pgLx¿ b]zsfnflu pTkfbg sfo{df dxTjk"0f{

23. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
of]ubfg lbg ;Sg] la/f6 alx/f
dflasf cWoIf /d]zrGb| kf}8Øfn
atfpF5g . pgn] h]gt]g dfWolds
tx;Dd k9]sf alx/f ljBfyL{x¿n]
k|fljlws lzIffnosf] cefjdf
lzIffsf] cj;/af6 jl~rt
x'g'kl//x]sf] atfP . ;a}n] kf]v/f
/ sf7df8f}+ uP/ pRr lzIff
cWoog ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gePsf]n]
slDtdf ;/sf/n] x/]s If]qdf
k|fljlws ljBfno :yfkgf ug'kg]{df
pgsf] hf]8 5 .
alx/fx¿ p;}klg lzkd"ns
sfddf a9L cle?rL /fVg]
:jfefjsf x'G5g . o;}n]
pgLx¿nfO{ sDKo'6/, c6f]df]afOn,
8sdL{, l;sdL{, :k]o;{ kf6{;, cGo
OlGhlgl/ª ljifosf] k|fljlws lzIff
lbg' pko'{Qm x'g] ckf+u dxf;+3
k"jf{~rn If]qLo cWoIf /fd sfsL{
atfpF5g .
wf}nflu/L alx/f dfljsf cWoIf
s]kL /fgf du/ ;/sf/n] l;l6le6L
dfkm{t Ps ;o k|fljlws
lzIffnox¿ ;+rfngsf] cg'dlt
lbP klg alx/fx¿sf nflu eg]
a]jf:tf u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpF5g .
pgsf cg';f/ afUn'+udf ;'? ePsf]
dflj txsf] k|fljlws lzIff lgSs}
hf]8an kl5 dfq :yfkgf ul/Psf]
xf] . pgL alx/fx¿ klg g]kfnL
gful/ssf 5f]/f5f]/L /x]sf] / b]zsf
s0f{wf/ ePklg ;/sf/n] lzIffdf
a]jf:tf ul//x]sf] atfP .
g]kfndf @)^# b]lv l;l6le6L
dfkm{t k|fljlws lzIff ;+rfng
ePsf] xf] . xfn;Dd /fHon] s/f]8f+}
/sd k|fljlws lzIffsfnflu vr{
ul/;s]sf] 5 . t/ pknlAw eg]
rfx]h:tf] kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . o;}n]
klg ckf+ux¿nfO{ k|fljlws lzIffdf
kx'Fr a9fpg /fHon] rf;f] lbg'kg]{
ckf+u dxf;+3sf ;lrj lji0f' a/fn
atfpF5g . pgsf cg';f/ 5]d]sL
d'n'sx¿df alx/fx¿ k|fljlws
k|d'v dfq geP/ lrlsT;sx¿
;d]t eO;s]sf] kof{Kt pbfx/0f
/x]sf]n] g]kfndf klg alx/fx¿nfO{
k|fljlws lzIfftkm{ cu|;/ u/fpg'
kg]{ pgsf] hf]8 5 .
ckf+utf ePsf] dxf;lGwn]
ckf+ux¿nfO{ /f]uhf/sf] Uof/]G6L
u/]sf]n] ca alx/f eg]/
pgLx¿nfO{ clwsf/af6
j~r]tLs/0fdf /fVg gx'g] lj/f6
alx/f dfljsf cWoIf /d]zrGb|
kf}8]n atfpF5g . pgsf cg';f/
g]kfndf )^# b]lv ;'?
alx/fx¿sf nflu k7g–kf7g ;'?
eP klg cem} klg ;/sf/n] k"0f{
lhDdf lnO;s]sf] 5}g . cem} klg
dflj:t/sf ljBfnox¿ ;/sf/sf]
l;ldlt b/aGbL dfq 5 . k|foM
ljBfnox¿ bftfx¿s} ;xof]udf
;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g .
g]kfndf @)#( df lzIff
cfof]un] k|fljlws lzIff
kl/ifbcGt{ut tLg jif]{ k|fljlws
lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] xf] .
To;kl5 qmdzM Joj;flos
k|fljlws lzIff kl/ifb :yfkgf u/]/
b]ze/ k|fljlws lzIff k|bfg ug{
yfn]sf] xf] . t/, xfn ;+rfng
eO/x]sf k|fljlws lzIffdf
alx/fx¿sf] ;xefuLtf z"Go k|foM
5 . lzIff ljefusf cg';f/ xfn
g]kfndf b'O{ ;o $! hgf alx/f
ljBfyL{x¿ k"j{k|fylds txdf, ;ft
xhf/ k|fylds txdf, @# ;o
lgdfjL txdf, cf7 ;o &% dflj
txdf / Ps ;o %) hgf alx/fx¿
pRrdflj txdf cWoog/t 5g .
t/ k|fljlws txsf] pRr lzIffdf
eg] pgLx¿n] cj;/ kfPsf 5}gg .
lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs 8f=
l8NnL/fh l/dfn ;+ljwfg
sfg"gb]lv /fhgLlts bnsf
3f]if0ffkqx¿df;d]t k|fljlws
lzIffsf] ljsf;sf nflu hf]8 lbO{Psf]
/ ckf+utf ePsf]x¿sf] ;+/If0fdf
k|lta4tf hgfOPsf]n] ;/sf/
alx/fx¿sf] k|fljlws lzk
ljsf;sfnflu rf;f] lbO/x]sf]
atfpF5g . pgn] alx/fx¿sfnflu
pRr lzIff kl/ifb jf l;l6le6L dfkm{t
pRr txdf k|fljlws lzIffsf nflu
cj;/ l;h{gf ul/g] atfpF5g .
dxflgb]{zs l/dfn eG5g, …t/ o;sf
nflu kl/dflh{t lzIff P]g cfjZos
5, Tof] cem} cfO;s]sf] rfFxL 5}g .Ú

24. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
;jf/L b'3{6gfn] j[4cf>d k'¥ofof]
lj/f6gu/ . hLjgsf] #% jif{ rfns eP/ latfPsf
^$ jifL{o /w'jL/ yfkf Ps jif{b]lv lj/f6gu/–!#
df /x]sf] lj/f6]Zj/ j[4 cf>ddf 5g . dsjfgk'/
x]6f}+8f–$ 3/ ePsf pgnfO{ pgsf cfkmGt /
3/kl/jf/n] ;d]t a]jf:tf u/]sf 5g . sf]xL e]6g
uPsf 5}gg .
nfdf] ;do gfcv !%*^ gDa/sf] 6Øfªs/
rnfPsf pgL kl5Nnf] ;do lj/f6gu/df :s'n a;
s'bfpFy] . @)^% k'; !* ut] lbpF;f] df]/ªsf] 6+sL–!
df ef/tLo 7"nf] 6«sn] 7Ss/ lbFbf pgL b'3{6gfdf
k/] . 7Ss/af6 pgn] rnfPsf] :s'na;n] ;8s 5f8]sf]
lyof] . t/, a; / ljBfyL{nfO{ s]xL x'g lbPgg pgn] .
ePg . pgL rfxL+ ulDe/ 3fOt] eP . Ps dlxgf
c:ktfn a:g' k¥of] lgsf] x'g . nfdf] pkrf/kl5
pgL lgsf] eP klg afofF v'§f sf6g' k/]kl5 pgL
ckf+u eP .
b'3{6gfdf k/]/ ckf+u ePkl5 a]/f]huf/ eP pgL .
s]xL lbg pgnfO{ g]kfn oftfoft :jtGq dhb'/
6Øfªs/ ;+3n] kfNof] . t/ ;Fw} To;/L u'hf/ rNg
;Dej gePsf]n] pgn] s]xL jif{ hf]udgLaf6 XjLn
r]o/df pkef]Uo j:t'sf] cf];f/–k;f/ klg u/] . t/
ckf+unfO{ ;dfg laqmL ug{ ;d:of ePkl5 5fl8lbP .
To;kl5 ;fyLefOs} ;Nnfxdf eG;f/If]qdf rGbf
;+sng u/]/ u'hf/ rnfpg yfn] . To;/L dfu]/ afFRg
pgnfO{ lrQ a'em]g . o;}n] pgL Ps jif{cl3
j[4cf>dsf] z/0f lng afWo eP . …cf Û an x'Gh]n
;a}sf] xfOxfO{ ljkQLdf sf]xL x'Fb}gg /5g bfh'efO{Ú,
pgn] ;':s]/f xfNb} eg], …ca t cf>dd} d5'{ .Ú
…b'3{6gfdf k/]kl5 :s'nn] pgnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg
dfg]g, o;}n] rsf]{ bafa lbP/ Ps nfv %) xhf/
lbnfO{ lbPsf 5f}+, g]kfn :jtGq oftfoft dhb'/
;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lszf]/ wdnfn] eg] . /3'jL/n]
Tof] k};f a}+sdf /fv]sf 5g . …lj/fdL k/] pkrf/df
sfd nfU5 eg]/ ;fFr]sf] xF'Ú, pgn] eg] .
cf>ddf Ps bh{g hlt :s'n] gfgLx¿ klg 5g .
cfOP;Dd k9]sf /3'jL/ laxfg a]n'sf 6o';g k9fpF5
g . lbpF;f] 3'Dg dgnfu] XjLn r]o/df aflx/
lg:sG5g . dg gnfu] cf>dleq} l6eL x]5{g, kqklqsf
k95g / cfk"m h:t} b'MvL j[4j[4fx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL
u/]/ dgaxnfpF5g .
cfkmGtx¿ x]g{ e]6g cfpg eGg] cfzf d/]sf] 5}g
pgsf] . lalaP;;Dd k9fPsf lyP pgn] 5f]/fnfO{ /
5f]/Ln] cfOP u/]sL lyOg . t/, vf]O{ b'3{6gfdf k/]kl5
sf]xL e]6g cfPgg, o;}n] pgnfO{ klg 3/ kms{g
dg nfu]g . /3'jL/n] eg], …ca t ;Demg klg
5fl8;s]+ .Ú
…b'3{6gfdf rfns PSn} bf]ifL xF'b}g, k'/fgf] uf8L,
;fx'sf] hah{l:t, ofq'sf] Jofjxf/, ;fF3'/f] ;8s, rfns,
a6'jf / ofqLn] 6«flkms r]tgfsf] kfngf cflbdf ;'wf/
NofP b'3{6gf 36b} hfG5Ú, /3'jL/n] eg] . c3f]lift
ljgf; o'4 ag]sf] b'3{6gfn] w]/}sf] larNnL agfPsf]
5, ca x'glbg'xF'b}g, /3'jL/n] OR5f JoQm u/] .
…oftfoft sd{rf/Lx¿ lgDg cfly{s cj:yfsf
x'G5g . ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' / cªueªu
ePdf a9L b'Mv kfpF5g, w]/}sf] sGt lahf]u 5Ú,
otfoft dhb'/ ;+u7gsf s]lGb|o ;lrj eLd
/fO{n] eg] .

25. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
/fhgLlts kf6L{ leq ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutf
/fhgLlt eg]sf] s] xf] eg]/
clxn]sf] hdfgfdf s;}nfO{ ;f]Wg'
cfkmg} d'v{tfsf] kl/ro lbg' h:t}
xf] . t/, s] /fhgLlt eGg] s'/f
cfh–ef]lns} h:tf] x'GYof] t
ljutdf < ljutdf, /fHo rnfpg]
gLltnfO{ g} ;/n efiffdf /fhgLlt
eg]/ a'l´GYof] / /fhgLlt ug]{x¿
lzlIft, ;';+:s[t / b'/bzL{
x'g'kYof]{ . s] clxn] klg /fhgLlt
/fHo rnfpg] gLlt s} ?kdf
kl/eflift eO/x]sf] 5 ls o;n]
c¿ w]/} s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]l6;s]sf]
5 t <
klxn]–klxn] /fhgLlt leq k|j]z
ug]{ dflg;x¿ 7"nf] OHht ePsf
dfq} x'Gy] / pgLx¿sf] k|j]zn] b]z
;+rfngdf lgSs} 7"nf] of]ubfgsf]
sfd uYof]{ t/ s] clxn] To:t} 5
t < s] clxn]sf] /fhgLltdf OHht
ePsf dflg;x¿ k|j]z ug{
?rfpmF5g t < s] clxn]sf]
/fhgLltdf lzlIft, ;';+:s[t /
b'/bzL{ dflg;n] dfq} k|j]z
ul//x]sf 5g t < ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
s'/f], s] cfhsf] /fhgLltdf k|j]z
ug]{x¿ k|lt ljuts} h:tf] cfd
dflg;x¿df 7"nf] OHht 5 t <
s] cfhsf /fhgLlt1x¿n] b]z
leq–aflx/ ePsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{
;dfwfg ug{ ;S5g eg]/ cfd
dflg;x?n] ljZjfz u5{g t <
cfhsf] /fhgLlt klxn]–klxn]sf]
/fhgLlt eGbf w]/} g} km/s
eO;s]sf] 5 / cfhsf] /fhgLltn]
cfkmgf] 5lj laufb}{ uO/x]sf] 5 .
k'?iff]Qd e08f/L

26. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
olt x'Fbf–x'Fb} klg, dflg;x¿ h] 5
To;}nfO{ /fhgLlt dfg]/ cl3
al9/x]sf 5g / lg/Gt/ a9b} hfg]
5g .
olb clxn]sf] /fhgLltn] k'/fgf]
/fhgLlt eGg] zAb sf] kl/efiffnfO{
abn]/ gofF 9+un] kl/eflift x'g
vf]Hb}5 eg] clxn]sf] /fhgLltdf
c? s]–s] s'/fx? ylkg' k5{ xf]nf
t < k'/fgf] hdfgfdf b'O{ –rf/
hgf lzlIft, ;';+:s[t / b'/bzL{
dflg;x?n] rnfPsf] /fhgLlt h:t}
cfhsf] /fhgLlt To;/L g} rNnf
t jf rln/xg ;Sg] 5 t <
cr]n t /fhgLltdf ;dfj]zL
/fhgLltsf] a8f] hf]8–tf]8n] cfjfh
3lGs/x]sf] 5 . ;a} hft–hflt,
lnªu, wd{, k]zf / 7fpmFsf
dflg;x¿nfO{ /fHo ;+rfng df
;xefuL agfP/ b]zsf] /fHo
;+rfng ug]{ eg]/ rf/}lt/ 7"nf]
cfjfh pl7/x]sf] 5, h'g :jfefljs
klg dflgg yfn]sf] 5 .
ha /fhgLltsf] gfddf s]lx
d'¶L e/ dflg;n] b]zsf] cfDbfgLdf
a|Xd–n'6 ug{yfn], To:tf s'/fsf]
rf/}lt/ lgGbf x'g yfNof] /
kl/jt{gsf] dfu x'g yfNof] .
kl/0ffd:j?k, ;dosf] dfucg';f/
/fhgLltn] klg cfkmgf] bfP/f
km/flsnf] agfpmFb} uof] / cfhsf]
;dfj]zL /fhgLltsf] ?k wf/0f ug{
afWo eof] .
To;f]eP, /fhgLltn] lsg o:tf]
Jofks ?k lnP/ cfof] eGof t
;a} dflg;sf] eftgLlt ldnfpg
kf] /x]5 . gvfO{sg s'g} klg hLj
afFRg ;Sb}g . c¿ hLjn] cfkmg}
lsl;dsf] /fhgLlt u5{g xf]nf t/
xfdL hLjdf klg ;j{>]i7
sxlnPsf dflg;n] rflxF k|ToIf
?kn] ;a}n] b]Vg] / dxz'z x'g]u/L
s:tf] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf 5f}+ eGg]
s'/f g n's]sf] 5 g n'sfP/ n'sfpg
g} ;lsG5 .
ca d"n s'/f] lt/ nfuf}+ . s]
To;f] eP cfhsf] /fhgLltn] ;a}
If]q, hft–hflt, lnªu, wd{, k]zf
/ 7fpmFsf dflg;nfO{ ;dfg¿kn]
;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 t < dlxnf nfO{
## k|ltzt ;xefuL agfpg] eg]/
cGtl/d–;+lawfgdf n]lvPsf] s'/f,
cfhsf /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n]
slQsf] dfqfdf kfngf u/]sf 5g
< To;/L g} ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿nfO{ s'g–s'g /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿n] slt k|ltzt ;dfj]z
u/]sf 5g t <
cflv/ cfhsf] /fhgLltsf]
clGtd nIo hftgLlt, eftgLlt
/ cf–cfkmgf lgDtL ul/Psf]
cfTdgLlt g} xf] eg] ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿sf]
;xeflutfsf]af/]df rfxLF
/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ s] eG5g t <
olb ;a}n] cf–cfkmgf] xs–
clwsf/ hf]ufpg / eft sf]
;'lglZrttf ug{ s} nflu v]lng]
v]nnfO{ /fhgLlt elgg yflnPsf]
xf] eg] t ckfªutf ePsf
Joltx¿n] klg cfkmgf] xs–
clwsf/sf] /Iff ug{ clxn] s}
cj:yfsf] /fhgLltdf klg
;xeflutf t hgfpg} k5{ xf]nf,
ls s;f] <
ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{
/fhgLltdf ;dfj]z s;/L ug]{ jf
ul/Fb} 5 t < cfhsf ;fgf–7"nf
;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] o;
ljifodf cflwsfl/s wf/0ff s] 5
t < s'g–s'g /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿n]
s'g–s'g 7fpmFaf6 slt k|ltzt
ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{
;+ljwfg;efsf] nflu slt j6f l;6
5'6ØfPsf 5g t < sL /fhgLlts
kf6L{x¿n] klg ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿k|lt pxL k'/fgf] / ?9LjfbL
;f]rfO{ /fv]/ c´};Dd e]b–efj
g} ul//x]sf 5g t <
cfhsf] o'u eg]sf] lj1fgsf]
o'u xf] . cfh s'g} klg s'/f ck"0f{
/xg kfpmFb}g . lj1fgsf] rdTsf/n]
h] klg ug{ ;Ifd eO;s]sf] 5 .
kf}/fl0fs syfx¿df j0f{g ul/Psf
x/]s /Qmlahaf6 /fIf;sf] pTkQL
eof] eGg] s'/f lx+hf];Dd sfNklgs
nfu] klg cfh Tof] s'/fnfO{
…Snf]lgªuÚ eGg] gofF j}1flgs
cfljisf/n] ;To 7x/fO{ lbPsf] 5 .
Ps yf]kf /utsf] kl/If0f u/]/
slxNo} lgsf] gx'g] c;fWo /f]ux¿
klg lgsf] kfg]{ k2ltsf] ljsf; x'g
uO/x]sf] 5 .
t/ s]lx dflg;x? clxn]sf]
o:tf] ;dodf klg pxL ;o aif{
cl3sf] h:tf] ;f]r /fv]/ lx+l8/x]sf
5g . a¿ ;o aif{ cl3 ul/g]
/fhgLltdf Pp6f cfsif{0f lyof] t/
clxn] To:tf] ;Ddfghgs
/fhgLltnfO{ klg 3[0ffsf] v]n
agfO/x]sf 5g .
lxhf] @–$ hgfn] ug]{
/fhgLltdf klg xhf/f}+sf] enfOnfO{
cfwf/ agfP/ gLlt–lgodx¿
agfP/ sfd ul/Yof] t/, clxn]
xhf/f}+sf] ;xeflutf xF'bf klg @–
$ hgf dfq} df]6fpg], lrNnf
uf8Ldf x'OFlsg] / 7"nf–7"nf
clnzfg dxndf a:g] gLlt–
lgodx¿ agfOG5 .
b]zdf ePsf pBf]u,
snsf/vfgf / Joj;fo lbg–lbg}
w/f;fO xF'b}5g . kl/0ffd:j?k, b]z
c¿sf] pklgj]z eP/ cfkmgf]
cl:tTj u'dfO /x]sf] 5 . ;lx
cy{df ;dfj]zL x'g' eg]sf] /f]hL,
/f]6L, ufF;, af; / skf;sf nflu
eP klg xhf/f}+ o'jfx¿ csf{sf]
d'n'sdf uf]7fnf] a:g hfg' kg]{
cj:yf 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfaf6 d'n'snfO{ kf/
nufpg g;Sg] kf6L{sf g]tfx¿

27. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
rflx+ ;kfªu < clg pgLx¿n]
rnfPsf kf6L{df ;xeflutf kfpg'
k¥of]{ eGb} lrRofpg] s]lx c+ue+u
ePsf JolQmx¿ rflxF ckfªunfO{
klg sf]6f lbg'k5{ eGb} s/fpg' kg]{
< oxL xf] ;dfj]zL /fhgLlt < olx
xf] b]z / hgtfnfO{ d'lQm lbg]
/fhgLlt < o:t} gLlt ckgfpg]
´'08x¿ rfxLF /fhgLlts kf6L{ <
lbPsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"/f ug{
g;Sg], tna eQf / ;'ljwf hlt
;a}yf]s cfkmg} kfnfdf a9fP/
eljZosf] nflu ;'lglZrt ug]{,
cfkmgf] xft–huGgfy u/]/, …d}+
vfpmF, d}+ nfpmF, ;a df]h d}+ u?F,
c? ;a d?g b'a{nx? .Ú sf] 3l6of
;f]r /fv]/ lx+8g] u'6sf gfO{s] rflxF
/fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tf x'g / <
clg xfdL ;+ul7t¿kn] rNg'
kg]{ dflg;x? ltg} gfOs]sf kl5–
kl5 nfu]/ lgl/x aGb}, nf}g afaf Û
xfdLnfO{ klg vfg b]cf]g eg]/ b}nf]
rfxfg'{ kg]{ < lsg xfdL ef]6;{ x}gf}+
/ < ef]nL xfd|f] kfnf] cfpFb}g / <
g]kfn el/ 5l/P/ /x]sf xfdL c+u–
e+u ePsf, lbdfu e+u ePsf 5}gf}+
lg, xfdLn] xfd|} g]tfnfO{ ef]6 xfnf}+
t, ef]nL s] x'Fbf] /x]5 < t/ xfdL
To;f] ub}{gf}+, lsg < lsg xfdL lt
u'6–pku'6sf kl5 nfU5f}+ < lsg
cflv/ lsg <
clg ha–ha ;/sf/
kl/jt{gsf] xNnf rN5, xfdL
g]tfsf 9f]sf–9f]sf rfxf5f}+{, lsg
< xfd|f] cfkmg} ;+u7g 5}g / < s]
ef]nL ltgLx¿n] xfd|f 3/sf] 9f]sf
9s–9Sofpg' kb}{g / <
lt hdfgf uP, hlxn] e]8f–
afv|f h;/L x'ndf uP/ ef]6
vf;flnGYof] . clxn] t Ps kl/ro–
kq a/fa/ Ps ef]6sf] hdfgf 5,
xfd|f] ef]6 lng] klg sDKo'6/ 5 /
uGg] klg sDKo'6/ g} x'G5 . o:tf]
hdfgfdf klg xfdL c¿sf kl5
nfUg] <
xfd|f] sb/ u5{g / xfd|f nflu
5'6ofPsf] l;6 OHhtsf ;fy
lbG5g eg], xfd|f] clwsf/ xf],
xfdL klg OHhtsf ;fy pgLx¿
;/x g} ;+ljwfg–;efsf] 9f]sf
leq l5g'{ k5{ . x}g, pgLx¿n]
xfdLnfO{ b]Vb}gg eg], sf] ckfªu
< xfdL ls pgLx? < To;kl5
xfdL cfkm}+n] km};nf ug'{ k5{ /
pgLx?nfO{ cfFvf b]Vg g;Sg]
b[li6laxLgsf] sf]6fdf /fVg'k5{ .
;+ljwfgn] eg]sf] s'/f] g;'Gg]nfO{,
;':t>j0f sf]6fdf /fVg'k5{ /
af]Ng, ;'Gg g;Sg]nfO{ alx/f–
nf6fsf] sf]6fdf k7fpg' k5{ .
xfdL lsg pgLx¿nfO{ u'xf/ ub}{
lx+8]sf < ;f]rf}+, ljrf/ u/f}+ /
lg0f{o u/f}+ .
g]kfn /fli6«o ckfªu k'gM:yfkgf ;ldlt afx'g8fFuL emfkfn] PDa'n]G; ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5 . Ps
dlxgfcl3af6 PDj'n]G; ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 afx'g8fFuL / cf;kf;sf :yfgLoaf;Ln] ;xh dx;'; u/]sf
5g . !) nfv ?k}ofFdf PDj'n]G; vl/b u/]/ ;~rfngdf NofPsf] g]kfn /fli6«o ckfªu k'gM:yfkgf
;ldltsf cWoIf ;lrg lg/f}nfn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn] eg], …PDj'n]G; ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 afx'g8fFuL dfq
xf]Og cf;kf;sf uflj;sf ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ ;xh ePsf] 5 .Ú

28. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmddf lj/f6gu/
cfFvf c:ktfnsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf
…k|sfz zlQm a|Xd ¿k xf] . Hof]t g} hLjg xf] .
Hof]ltdo hLjg g} ;fy{s Pjd pQd x'G5 . o;}
sf/0fn] ef}lts / cfWoflTds ;To xf]Ú– hLjg Hof]lt .
cbe"t cnf}lss / k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{nfO{ b[li6ut
ul/ dfgj hLjgnfO{ wGo agfpg] pklgifbLo efjaf6
pbjf]lwt ;Daf]lwt xfd|f] lj/f6gu/ cfFFVff c:ktfn,
lj/f6gu/ tyf rf/ j6f cfFvf pkrf/ s]Gb|sf] cfFvf
pkrf/ ;]jfsf] dfWodaf6 u/fpFb} cfPsf] :jLs[lt
b]z–ljb]zsf b'/ b/fhsf b}lgs xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf
cf]Ol/P/ cfpg] u/]sf /f]uLx?af6 a'lemG5 g} .
ljZjsf nfvf}+ nfv dflg; dw'd]x, pRr /Qmrfk,
cfFvfdf ljleGg rf]6k6ssf sf/0f b[li6laxLg x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . zx/Ls/0f / k|ljlw ljsf;sf] a9bf]
cj:yf;Fu} cfFvfsf] la/fdLsf] u|fkm klg psfnf] nfUb}
uPsf] 5 . ;j{]If0fn] b]vfPcg';f/ g]kfndf xfn !&
k|ltzt hgtf s'g} g s'g} lsl;dsf] cfFvfsf]
;d:ofaf6 kLl8t 5g . g]kfndf sl/a @ nfveGbf
a9L JolQmx? b[li6laxLg 5g . tL ;d:ofx?nfO{
Wofgdf /flv lj/f6gu/ cfFvf c:ktfnn] x/]s jif{
b'O{ nfveGbf a9L JolQmx¿nfO{ alx/ªu ljefuaf6
;]jfx¿ k'¥ofpFb} cfO/x]sf 5geg] utjif{ ^) xhf/
eGbf a9L JolQmx?sf] cfFvf ;DalGw /f]usf] zNolqmof
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . t/ oL ;]jfx? k'¥ofpFbf klg b[li6
;DalGw ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;/sf/ tyf
;dfhsf] tkm{af6 x'g'kg]{ ;]jfd'vL sfo{qmdsf] cefj
dx;'; u/L c:ktfnn] ;g @)!# b]lv ;d'bfodf
cfwfl/t k'gM:yfkgf -l;=la=cf/=_sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf]
5 .
lj/f6gu/ cfFvf c:ktfn sf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t
k'gM:yfkgf sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo b[li6 ;DalGw
ckfªutf ePsf JolQmnfO{ ;dod} klxrfg u/L k"0f{
?kn] ;d'bfodf k'gM:yfkgf ug{' xf] . xfn of] sfo{qmd
df]/ª lhNnfsf] pQ/k"jL{ e]usf !! j6f uf=lj=;= -
/ªu]nL, l;h'jf, 6s'jf, uf]ljGbk'/, cd/bx, x:gbx,
zlgZr/], ky/L, a/8ªjf, dxfb]jf / em'ls{of _ x?df
;+rfng xF'b} cfO/x]sf 5g .
s'df/ k[y' ckmfs cgj/
;L= aL= cf/= sfo{qmdn] ub{} cfO{ /x]sf sfo{x¿ M
o; c:ktfnn] sfo{qmdsf] z'?jftdf Pp6f
;j{]If0f k|lzIf0f k|fKt sfo{stf{x¿af6 Pp6f ;j{]If0f
u/fPsf lyP, tL ;j]{sf] glthfcg';f/ ;j]{If0f ul/Psf
!! j6f uf=lj=;= x?df !)* hgf b[li6laxLg ePsf
JolQmx?nfO{ ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] lyof] / tLdWo] xfn;Dd
$% hgfeGbf a9L b[li6laxLg JolQmx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos
k'gM:yfkgf ;DalGw tflndx¿ h:t} cf]/]G6];g /
df]laln6L, b}lgs hLjgofkgsf ;Lkx?, x:tsnfsf
;fdu|L agfpg] ;Lk tyf Joj;fod"ns ;Lkx?
;DalGw tflndx? k|bfg u/]sf 5g .
To:t} Go"gb[li6 ePsf JolQmnfO{ ;dod} klxrfg
u/L Go"gb[li6 ;DalGw ljleGg pks/0fx¿ lgMz'Ns
k|bfg ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g .
xfdLn] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k'gM:yfkgf If]qdf
;do–;dodf hfFr u/L e]l6Psf b'O{6} cfFvfdf
df]ltlaGb' eP/ b]Vg g;Sg] aRrfx?nfO{ ;dod}

29. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
c:ktfn NofO lgMz'Ns zNolqmof u/L tL aRrfx?sf]
hLjgdf Hof]lt k|bfg u/]sf 5g .
;d'bfodf ePsf JolQmx?df ckfªutf ;DalGw
hgr]tgf km}nfpgsf nflu tL ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx?df
;do–;dodf ljleGg lsl;dsf hgr]tgfd"ns
sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5 .
ljBfno hfg] afnaflnsfx¿df ckfªutf
;DalGw hgr]tgf km}nfpgsf nflu ljBfno:t/df
ljleGg lsl;dsf hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿df
;xefuL u/fpg'sf] ;fy} hgr]tgfd"ns ;fdu|Lx?
ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
;dod} cfFvf ;DalGw ;d:of klxrfg ug{sf
lgldQ lgoldt¿kdf lgMz'Ns cfFvf, sfg lzlj/x¿
;+rfng ub{} cfO/x]sf 5f}+ .
c:ktfnn] ;d'bfodf sfg ;DalGw /f]uaf6
u|:t eP/ b}lgs hLjgofkg lgjf{x ug{ sl7gfO{
ef]lu/x]sf] JolQmsf] nflu lgMz'Ns sfg hfFr u/L
zNolqmof ug'{sf] ;fy} ljleGg sfgsf] >j0f zlQm
j[l4 ug]{ pks/0f;d]t ljt/0f ul//x]sf] 5 .
;/sf/n] b[li6laxLgtfsf] If]qdf cem a9L k|efjsf/L
9+uaf6 nfUg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . ljb]zdf b[li6laxLg
JolQmsf] lzIffsf] nflu cl8of] / sDKo'6/ k|0ffnLaf6
k9fO tyf k/LIff lng]] Joj:yf ePklg xfd|f] b]zdf o:tf]
tslgsLsf] cefj b]lvG5 . Go"gb[li6 jfnaflnsfsf] k/LIff
lnFbf nfh{ lk|G6df k|Zg kq agfP/ hfFr lnP ljBfyL{sf]
lzIff:t/df clej[l4 x'GYof] t/ Ps kfOnf cufl8 a9]/
;f] dfq klg g]kfndf nfu" gx'g' ;/sf/sf] Go"g b[li6
emlNsG5 . tflnd k|fKt lzIfs / kof{Kt z}lIfs ;fdu|L
pknAw u/fpFb} b[li6laxLg lzIff gLlt ;/sf/n] cjnDag
u/] ufpF tyf zx/sf s'g} s'gfdf n's]/ a;]sf yk
b[li6laxLg jfnaflnsfn] ;d]t snd lstfa af]s]/
lzIff¿kL pHofnf] 3fdaf6 jl~rt x'g] lyPgg .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jf:Yo If]q x]g]{ lgsfo :jf:Yo tyf
hg;+Vof dGqfnon] clxn];Dd cfFFvf pkrf/ ;]jfsf] nflu
:ki6 gLlt tyf lgb]{zg hf/L ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o:tf]
cK7Øf/f] kl/l:yltdf klg lj/f6gu/ cfFvf c:ktfnn] g]kfn
g]q Hof]lt ;+3, If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo
sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no,
gu/kflnsf, :yfgLo Snax¿, :yfgLo jf}l4s ju{ tyf bft[
lgsfox¿ ;Fu ;Gbe{–ljdz{ u/L cfˆgf] sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjL
9ªuaf6 sfo{Gjog ul//x]sf] 5 . jt{dfg ;dodf ;dfhaf6
o;sf] d"Nofªsg x'g' cfjZos 5 . ;dfhdf ;a} rfxG5g
sL kl/jt{g xf]; tyf /fd|f] cj;/sf] l;h{gf xf]; . s'g} klg
;+:yfåf/f ;dfhdf kl/jt{g Nofpg ljleGg vfn] cflGt/s
tyf AffXo l:ylt, kl/l:ylt tyf k|of;df lge{/ ub{5 . t/
klg lj/f6gu/ cfFvf c:ktfnn] ljZj;gLo¿kdf ;fdflhs
;r]tgfhufpFb}cfˆgf]ultljlwsf]u|fkmnfO{dfly;Ddk'¥ofpg
;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmdaf6 k|ToIf¿kdf
;dfh nfeflGjt ePsf] 5 eGg] ck|ToIf¿kdf ;/sf/nfO{
;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .

30. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
lj/f6gu/ .!*jif{nuftf/pkrf/ubf{5f]/fsf]v'§fgrn]kl5
lj/f6gu/ zflGt rf]ssf /fdaxfb'/ k|wfgn] cfkmgf] PSnf] 5f]/fsf]
ljjfx x'G5 eGg] slxn} ;f]r]sf lyPgg . hGd]sf] * dlxgfb]lv v'§f
grNg] 5f]/fsf] pkrf/df pgL !* jif{;Dd g]kfn ef/tsf
c:ktfnx¿ k'u] t/ pgsf] 5f]/fsf] v'§f rNg ;s]g . 5f]/fsf] v'§f
hftL gePkl5 pgL ;Fw} ;f]Rg] uy{] …afa'cfdfn] t ;s'Gh]n;Dd x]5f{}+
t/ xfd|f] ;]vkl5 s:n] x]5{ <Ú t/ ca eg] pgn] 5f]/fsf] :oxf/ ug{]
Ps c;n a'xf/L kfPsf 5g . a'xf/L h'/fO lbPsf] xf] km];a'sn] .
b'j} v'§f rNg g;Sg] lj/f6gu/ zflGt rf]ssf ljho
k|wfg XjLnr]o/sf] ;fx/fdf dfq lx+88'n ug{ ;S5g .
XjLr]o/sf] ;fx/fdf lx+8]klg k|ljlw ;“u;“u} cl3 a9]sf pgn]
cfkmgf] hf]8L cfkm} v]h]sf x'g km];a'ssf] dfWoodaf6 . @@
a;{] k|wfgn] sf7df8f+} nlnk'/ y]rf]–@, sL dlg;f dxh{g;“u
ljjfx u/]sf x'g . Kn; 6' cWoog ub{} cfPsL ;kf+u dxh{gn]
zf/Ll/s ¿kdf ckfªu ljho;“u ljjfx u/]sL x'g .
Ps jif{cl3b]lv km];a'saf6 dfof a;]kl5 pgLx¿n]
d+unaf/ ljjfx u/]sf x'g . dlg;f z'qmaf/ sf7df8f}+af6
lj/f6gu/ ljhosf] 3/df cfPkl5 pgLx¿sf] ljjfx
ul/lbPsf] a'af /fdaxfb'/n] hfgsf/L lbP . ljho cfkm"
ckf+u ePsf] ePklg ;kf+ueGbf s]xL sd gePsf]
atfpF5g . pgn] eg], …;'?df cfk"m ckf+u 5' eGg] s'/f
n'sfP . kl5 ;a} s'/f ;'gfP/ dnfO{ P;]K6 u5f{} eg]/
;f]w+] p;n] u5'{ elgg .×Ú
cfkm"x¿n] ;fFrf] dfof u/]sf sf/0f ljjfx ePsf]
pgn] atfP . pgn] yk], …;'?df ljZjf; g} nfu]sf] lyPg
pgL cfpFl5g eg]/ . km];a's t d]/f]nflu eujfg g} xf] .
dnfO hf]8L ldnfOlbof] .Ú Jofkfl/s 3/fgfsL 5f]/L dlg;f
cfk"mn] ;fFrf] dfof u/]sf sf/0f ;a} Tofu]/ cfPsf] atfOg .
pgn] elgg, …km];a's d} eP klg xfd|f] …;fFrf] dfofÚ lyof] .
dfof a;]kl5 kl/jf/ Tofu]/ cfPF .Ú
;fFrf] dfofFsf cufl8 zf/Ll/s :j¿kn] s]xL km/s gkfg{]
pbfx/0f ag]sf 5g dlg;f / ljhosf] hf]8L . ljhon] sfd
ug{ g;s]klg cfk"m k;n u/]/ >LdfgnfO{ kfNg] dlg;f
atfpFl5g . ljutnfO{ ;lDemb} pgn] elgg, …3/kl/jf/df klg
dnfO{ /fd|f] ub}{g y] . klxn] jf:t} nfUb}g lyof] t/ af]Nb} uP
kl5 5f]8g ;lsFg / ;“u} hLjg latfpg cfP .Ú ljhon] g;s]
klg cfk"m d]xgt u/]/ kfng kf]if0f ug{] pgn] atfOg .
km];a'sn] ubf{ cfk"mn] g;f]r]sf] s'/f k'/f ePsf ljhosf
a'af /fdaxfb'/n] atfP . pgn] eg], …d}n] 5f]/fsf] ljjfx xf]nf
eGg] ;f]r]sf] lyPg . t/ km];a'sn] d]/f] 5f]/fsf] hf]8L h'/fOlbof] .Ú
5f]/fsf] af/]df ;a} s'/f kmf]gd} dlg;fnfO{ atfpFbf :jLsf/ ug{]
ePkl5 ljjfx ul/lbPsf] pgn] ;'gfP . k"j{ ef/tLo ;]gf
/fdaxfb'/n] eg], …dlg;fsf a'afklg cfPsf lyP . 5f]/L 3/
kms{g dflgg .Ú sIff * ;Dd cWoog u/]sf ljhonfO{
sDKo'6/sf] xf8{j]o/ ;DaGwL /fd|f] 1fg 5 pgn] eg], …cem}
sDKo'6/ xf8{j]o/ l;S5' .Ú
km];a'sn]
h'/fOlbPsf] k|]d

31. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
b'3{6gf sd u/fpg]
p2]Zon] ckf+usf] ljZjofqf
…b]vf ;]vL ul/vfÚ df]/ªsf]
;'Gb/k'/ b'nf/L gu/kflnsf
a9x/f vf]nf6f]nLsf !( jlif{of
lgzfg rf}w/Lsf] Pp6f xftsf]
cf}+nf g} 5}g . t/ pgL ;Fw}
vf]nfdf k'u]/ a]Nrfn] afn'jf
vg]/ prfnL Ps xftn]
6«ØfS6/df nf]8 ug]{ sfd
u5{g . hlGdb} ckf+utf ePsf
pgsf afa'cfdf klg vf]nfd}
lu6L afn'af rfNg] sfd
u5{g . afa' cfdfsf] sdfO{n]
kl/jf/ wfGg ufx|f] ePkl5 tLg
jif{b]lv pgL klg afa' cfdf;Fu}
ul5of vf]nfdf uP/ sfd ug{
yfn]sf x'g .
lj/f6gu/ . cf]vn9'+uf lhNnf kmfKrf–$ sf
t]haxfb'/ sfsL{sf] hLjgdf !$ jif{cl3
csNkgLo 36gf 36of] . sf“s8le§f–sf7df8f}+
?6sf] /flqa;sf rfns sfsL{ @)%& ;fn df3
@# ut] crfgs b'3{6gfdf k/] . pgn] xf“s]sf]
/flqa; wflbªsf] hf]ludf/faf6 b'O{ ;o ld6/
tn lqz'nL gbLdf v:of] . a; v:bf ;jf/ #@
hgfsf] d[To' eof] . pgL ;“u} !) hgf ofq' afFr] .
;jf/L rnfpFbf pgL ;s';n lyP . ha pgsf]
xf]; v'Nof] TotL a]nf pgL 5fFufaf6 v;] . a;
;“u} lq;'nLdf v;]sf pgL xf];df cfpFbf cfkmgf]
sDd/d'gLsf] efu u'dfO{ ;s]sf lyP .
a;;“u} v;]sf pgL nfdf] pkrf/kl5 af“Rg
t af“r] . t/ pgsf] sDd/d'gLsf] ;a} efu
sf6g'k¥of] . b'3{6gf ePsf] tLg dlxgfkl5 xf];
v'Nbf pgL c:ktfndf lyP . To;a]nf;Dd pgsf]
sDd/d'gLsf] efu sfd gnfUg] ePkl5 sf6]/
kmfln ;lsPsf] lyof] .
…lqz'nLsf] eL/df uf8L u'8fpFbf u'8fpFb}
crfgs :6]l/ªn] sfd u/]g . pgn] eg], …:6]l/ªn]
sfd gu/]kl5 k5f8L kms{]/ ;a} ofq'nfO{ x]/] .
lgbfO{ /x]sf lyP . ;a} dbf{ cfkm" lsg PSn}
afFRg' em}+ nfUof] dnfO, TolQs}df uf8L v:of] .Ú
b'j} v'§f sf6]kl5 pgL XjLnlro/sf] ;fx/f
lagf lx+8g g;Sg] eP . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf ckf+u
hLjg lhp“bf ef]u]sf] kL8fn] pgnfO{ lj:tf/}
lk/f]Ng yfNof] .
b'j} v'§f u'd]klg pgn] lxDdt xf/]sf lyPgg .
ckf+un] klg s]xL ug{ ;S5g eGg] pT;fx lyof]
pgL ;“u . pgL eG5g, …a; v:bf d efUon]
afFr]5' sxfFaf6 s;n] nu]/ pkrf/ u¥of] s]xL
yfxf 5}g . ;fob ljZjofqf ug{s} nflu afr]sf]
x'“ h:tf] nfU5 .Ú sfsL{n] ljZj ;fOsn ofqfdf
lgl:sPsf k':s/ zfxsf] cGt/jftf{ l6eLdf x]/]sf
lyP . …Tof] cGt/jftf{ x]/]kl5 hLjgn] gof“ df]8
lnof],Ú sfsL{ eG5g, …dnfO{ klg ljZjofqfdf
lgl:sg dg nfUof] .Ú
cGtt M @)^! ;fn h]7 $ ut] . s]xL ;xof]uL

32. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
lnP/ sfsL{ XjLnlro/sf]
;xf/fdf ljZj ofqfdf lgl:sP .
sfsL{n] xfn;Dd cf7 j6f b]z
e|d0f ul/;s]sf 5g .
…g]kfn, ef/t, e'6fg,
a+unfb]z, >Lnªsf, dflNbE;,
kfls:tfg / ckmuflg:tfg
3'ld;s]+,Ú pgL eG5g, … b'3{6gf
sd u/fpg] p2]Zo;lxt
XjLnlro/af6 ljZjofqf u/]/
lulgha'sdf gfd n]vfpg]
OR5f 5 .Ú
cfkm" b'3{6gfdf k/]]/ ckf+u
ePklg pgL c¿sf] Hofg
hf]ufpg 8«fOe/nfO{ ;r]t
u/fpFb} lxF85g . pgL eG5g,
…uGtJodf gk'u];Dd ;a} ofq'sf]
hLjg 8«fOe/sf] xftdf x'G5 .Ú
blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«
3'ld;s]kl5 pgL ef/t x“'b}
Dofgdf/sf] ofqfdf lgl:sPsf
lyP . t/ Dofgdf/df
xjfOhxfhaf6 cfpg' eGb} Toxf“sf
;]gfn] kmsf{O lbP . ;]gfn]
kmsf{Pkl5 pgsf ;xof]uLx¿n] klg
;fy 5fl8lbP . cGtt M @)&)
;fn df3df g]kfn kmls{g'kg]{
afWotf cfOnfUof] . 3/ kmls{P klg
pgn] lxDdt xf/]gg . sfsL{ km]l/
rf/ dlxgfcl3 g]kfnaf6 ofqfdf
lgl:sPsf lyP . ef/tsf]
snsQfdf k'u]kl5 pgsf] :jf:Yodf
;d:of b]vf k¥of] .
w]/} XjLnlro/df a;]sf sf/0f
k5fl8 3fp eP5 . 3fp lgl:sP/
XjLnlro/df a:g g;Sg] sfsL{
lj/f6gu/ kmls{P . sf];L c~rn
c:ktfndf pkrf/ ul/Pkl5 pgL
km]/L ofqfdf g} lgl:sPsf 5g .
XjLnlro/af6 ljZj e|d0f ug{]
;kgf af]s]sf pgL ckf+uklg
;kf+ueGbf s]xL sd 5}gg eGg]
b]vfpg rfxG5g . /fli6«o emG8f
af]s]/ b]zsf] uf}/j a9fpFb} lx+8]sf
pg} sfsL{n] ;/sf/af6 eg] s'g}
;xof]u kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg .
pgn] eg], …ljb]zdf hfFbf
ljleGg b]zdf ;xof]u u/] t/
cfkmg} b]zaf6 ;xof]u t s]
ofqf cg'dltkq kfpg;d]t w]/}
b'Mv v]Kg' k¥of] .Ú g]kfn ;/sf/n]
ckfªutf ePsfx¿nfO{ jf:tf
gug{] pgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . pgL
eG5g, …xfd|f] ef]6 t ckf+u x'Fb}gg
t/ xfdLnfO{ ug{] Jojxf/rfxLF
lsg km/s <Ú c¿n] lbPsf]
;xof]uaf6 g} ljZjofqf ug{]
p2]Zo 5 pgL;“u . 3fp lgsf]
x'gf;fy rf/hgf ;xof]uL vf]h]/
ofqfdf lg:sg] pgL atfpF5g .
cf7 j6f /fi6« 3'ld;s]sf pgL
ca eg] dn]l;ofaf6 ofqf ;'?
ug{] tof/Ldf 5g .
b'3{6gf
sd u/fpg]
p2]Zo;lxt
XjLnlro/af6
ljZjofqf u/]/
lulgha'sdf
gfd n]vfpg]
OR5f

33. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
lj/f6gu/ . ;dfhdf dflg;
k/Dk/fut hLjg z}nLaf6 dfly
pSn]/ cfk"m nfO{ k|ljlw ;“u–;“u}
cl3 a9fpg vf]Hb}5g . t/
la8Dagf @! cf+} ztfAbLdf cfP/
klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf hftLo
5'jf5't / e]bjfa sfod} 5 .
hftLo e]befjnfO{ sfg'gn] g} unt
eg]sf] 5 . t/ klg k/Dk/fut z}nL
/ cGwljZjf;af6 c8]sf] g]kfnL
;dfhn] tNnf] hft / dflyNnf]
hftsf] Jojxf/ ug{ 5f8]sf] 5}g .
hftLo e]bjfe / 5'jf5'tn] h/f]
uf8]sf] g]kfnL ;dfh lj:tf/}
kl/jt{gtkm{ pGd'v xF'b} uPsf] 5 .
klxn] cGt/hftLo ljjfx :jLsf/
gug{] g]kfnL ;dfhn] lj:tf/}
:jLsf/ ug{ yfn]sf] 5 .
lj/f6gu/–!! sf ab|] cfndn]
pgs} l5d]sL zf/Ll/s ¿kdf
czQm /~hgf ljZjsdf{;“u dfuL
ljjfx u/] . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czQm
/~hgf / ab|]sf] rf/ jif{cl3 @)^&
;fndf ljjfx ePsf] xf] .
x]bf{ ;fdfGo nfu] klg oL ab|]
/ /~hgfsf] ljjfx cGt/hftLo
dfq geO{ cGt/wfdL{s / ckfªu
/ ;kfªu aLrsf] ljjfx klg xf] .
bflxg] v'§f grNg] ljZjsdf{
j}zfvLsf] ;fxf/fdf dfq lxF88'n
ug{ ;lS5g .
d':nLd ;+:sf/cg';f/ ;f]xL
;d'bfodf x's{]sf cfndn] lxGb"
;+:sf/ / /xg–;xgdf x'ls{PsL
/~hgf;“u dfuL ljjfx u/]sf x'g .
5'jf5't / e]bjfen] h/f] uf8]sf]
;dfhdf pgLx¿sf] hf]8L pbf/0fLo
g} ag]sf] 5 . l5d]sdf a:b} cfPsf
ab|] / /~hgf b'j}n] Ps csf{nfO{
/fd|/L a'em]sf lyP . pgLx¿ aLr
ab|] / /~hgfsf] pbfx/0fLo ljjfx
cGt/hftLo dfq geO{ cGt/wfdL{s /
ckfªu–;kfªuaLrsf] ljjfx
k|]d ;DaGw rn]sf] lyof] . km/s–
km/s ;d'bfosf b'j}n] cfkmgf]
k|]dnfO{ kl/jf/n] OGsf/ ug{] 8/n]
n'sfP/ g} /fv]sf lyP .
l5d]sdf a;]kl5 b}lgs h;f]
e]63f6 / af]nrfn x'GYof] ab|] /
/~hgfsf] . af]nrfn x'Fb} hfFbf b'j}n]
Ps csf{nfO{ 5f]8g g;Sg] eP .
k|]d k|;ªu rn]sf] b'O{ jif{kl5
pgLx¿n] kl/jf/sf] ;xdltdf
cGt/hftLo, cGt/wfdL{s /
ckfªu–;kfªuaLr dfuL ljjfx
u/]sf lyP .
k/Dk/fut z}nLdf u'h|L/x]sf]
g]kfnL ;dfhn] cfkmgf] k|]dnfO{
:jLsf/ u5{ eGg] ab|] / /~hgfn]
;f]r]sf lyPgg . t/ ToxL ;dfhdf
pgLx¿sf] hf]8L pbf/0fLo ag]sf]
5 . b'j}sf] k|]dnfO{ kl/jf/n] :jLsf/
u/]klg ;dfhn] klg pgLx¿sf]
;DaGwnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] .
rf/ jif{cl3 ljjfx u/]sf] of]
hf]8Lsf] xfn b'O{ a;{] 5f]/L 5 .
hftLo e]befjn] h/f] uf8]sf]
;dfhdf k|]dsf] cufl8 ;fdflhs
aGwgn] c;/ ub{}g eGg] bl/nf]
pbfx/0f lbPsf 5g .
…xfdL b'O{sf] k|]d ;DaGwnfO{
3/af6 :jLsf/ u/]sf] lyPgg . s]xL
lbgcl3 e]l6Psf cfndn]
ljutnfO{ ;lDemb} eG5g, …d}n]
eGbf a'afn] dfGg' x'Gg lyof] .
legfh'nfO{ a'afnfO{ ;Demflbg eg] .
a'afn] ;'?df gdfg] klg kl5 x'G5
eGg' eof] .Ú
a'afn] :jLsf/ u/] klg ab|]n]

34. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
/~hgfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ dgfpg' lyof] .
pgn] /~hgfsf] 3/df s'/f ug{ klg
legfh'nfO{ g} k7fP t/ cGt/hftLo
/ cGt/wfld{s eGb} pgsf] kl/jf/n]
dfg]gg . kl5 :jLsf/ ug{] jrg
lbPkl5 ljjfx eof] .
ab|]n] ljjfxkl5 lxGb"
;+:sf/sfdf x'ls{PsL /~hgfsf]
gfd d':nLd k/Dk/fcg';f/ g'/hxf
vft'g /flvlbPsf 5g . /~hgf
elG5g, …dg ldn] hft / wd{n]
s]xL ub{}g .Ú ;dfhdf pbf/0f ag]sf]
pgLx¿sf] hf]8L casf] ;do eg]
5f]/Lsf] eljio pHHjn agfpg
;ª3if{ ug{ nflu kg{] atfpF5g .
sf7 ld:qL ub{} cfPsf ab|] 3/
aflx/sf] sfd u5{g eg] pgsL
>LdtL /~hgf j}zfvLsf] ;x/fdf
3/sf] sfd ul5{g . bfxLg] v'§f
grNg] pgL j}zfvLsf] ;fxf/fdf
3/wGbf ul5{g .
l5d]sL /~hgf;“u 5f]/fsf] k|]d
a;]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 cfkm"n]
g/f]s]sf] ab|]sf a'af dxdb hlkm/
cfnd atfpF5g . pgL ;dfhdf
hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5't gePsf]
atfpF5g . pgL eG5g, …dfG5]sf]
hft b'O{ hft b'Oj6f x'G5g . Ps
k'?if csf{] dlxnf . t/ ;dfhdf
cg]sy/L hfteftsf s'/f x'G5g .Ú
ab|] / /~hgfsf] ljjfx ubf{ ;'?df
;dfhdf s'/f sf6] klg lj:tf/}
s'/f sf6g]sf] d'v aGb ePsf] pgL
atfpF5g .
tTsflng ;dodf ;/sf/n]
cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug{] hf]8LnfO{
k|f]T;fxg :j¿k Ps nfv /sd
k|bfg ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . ab|]
/ /~hgfsf] hf]8L cGt/hftLo
ljjfx u/]afkt k|f]T;fxg /sd k|Kt
ug{] g]kfn s} klxnf] hf]8L xf] .
cGt/hftLo ljjfx ubf{
;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxg /sd lbg]
eg]klg s;/L lbg] eGg] lgod
ag]sf] lyPgg . of] hf]8Ln] k|f]T;fxg
/sdsf nflu lgj]bg k]; u/]kl5
dfq lgod ag]/ k|f]T;fxg /sd
afFl8Psf] lyof] .
of] hf]8Ln] blnt clwsf/sf/sf]
If]qdf sfd ub{} cfPsf] ;+:yf l/8]km
g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf k|f]T;fxg /sd
k|Kt u/]sf] lyof] . ;dfhdf
cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug{] hf]8L
lj:yflkt x'g' k/] klg of] hf]8Ldfq
lj:tflkt gePsf] l/8]km g]kfnsf
cWoIf pd]z ljZjsdf{ atfpF5g .
pgL eG5g, …cGt/hftLo ljjfx ug{]
s]xL afx]s clwsf+z hf]8L ;dfhaf6
lt/:s[t 5 of t lj:yflkt ag]sf]
5 .Ú cfly{s ¿kdf ljkGg ePklg
;dfhdf pbfx/0f ag]sf] of] hf]8Ln]
lj/f6gu/ c;f]s rf]sdf 3'DtL
k;n ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
k;ndf /~hgf al:5g eg] ab|]
dhb'/L sfd ub{} cfPsf 5g .
– xl/ clwsf/L

35. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
p2]Zo -of] sfg'g lsg rflxof] <_p2]Zo -of] sfg'g lsg rflxof] <_p2]Zo -of] sfg'g lsg rflxof] <_p2]Zo -of] sfg'g lsg rflxof] <_p2]Zo -of] sfg'g lsg rflxof] <_
of] sfg'g ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ klg
c? dflg;nfO{ hlt g} 5 eGg] s'/f lglZrt ug{, pgLx¿n]
;a} dfgj clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ kfpg'k5{ / c¿ dflg;x¿
hlt g} :jtGq / OHhtsf ;fy af“Rg kfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f
lglZrt ug{ NofOPsf] xf] . s'g} sf/0Fn] bafOd"nf] jf
pkrf/ u/]/ klg lgsf] gx'g] u/L dfG5]sf] z/L/, OGb|Lo
jf lbdfuL cj:yfdf s]xL kl/jt{g jf ljrng cfPkl5
b}lgs sfdsfh, ;fdflhs sfdx¿, lzÔfbLÔf, sfd
Jofj;fo cflbdf ;fd]n x'g jfwf cj/f]w pTkGg u/]/ /
lgÈ]w u/]/ cK7of/f] / x]lkPsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf dflg;x¿
ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿ x'g .
• dxf;GwL :jLsf/ ug]{ b]zsf ;/sf/n] ug}{ kg]{ sfd
• of] dxf;GwLnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ ;a} b]zn] jf:tljs
Jojxf/d} ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/
u/]sf] ;'lglZrt x'g} k5{ .
• o; dxf;GwLnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ b]zx¿n] cfÎgf b]zdf
lgDg cg';f/sf sfd ug]{ eg]/ k|ltj4tf u/]sf 5g .
• lgod / sfg'g agfP/ ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ /
dxf;lGwdf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿;“u gldNg]vfnsf sfg'g
eP ltgnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{,
• b]z / hgtfsf] ljsf;sf nflu agfOg] ;a}
gLltx¿df ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] ;dfgtfsf]
clwsf/ ;dfj]z ug]{,
• of] dxf;lGwdf n]lvPeGbf ljk/Lt jf lj?4 x'g]u/L
s'g} klg sfd gug]{ / c¿nfO{ klg ug{ glbg],
• ;/sf/ / ltgsf lgsfox¿n] o; dxf;lGwdf
n]lvPsf Joj:yfx¿ cg';f/ sfd ug]{,
• ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ s'g} ;+:yf jf JolQm
s;}n] klg e]befj jf x]nf gu?g eGg] ;'lgZlrt ug{
;a}vfnsf pkfo ckgfpg],
• ;a} j:t' tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf ;a}n] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]u/L
agfpg] jf o;nfO{ cfjZos kbf{ ;lhn} kl/jt{g ug{
;lsg] u/L agfpg],
• ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ lx+88'n ug{ / b}lgs
hLjgofkgdf d2t x'g], ug]{ jf k'Ug]vfnsf ;fdu|L /
pks/0Fx¿ pknAw u/fpg] . To:tf ;fdu|L /
pks/0Fx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ k|ljlwx¿df cWoog /
cg';Gwfg ug]{ . ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg ;~rf/
ug{ / cfjZos ;"rgfx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;xh x'g]vfnsf
k|ljlwx¿ ljsf; ug]{,
ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;GwL
-;Lcf/kL8L_, @))^ sf] ;lhnf] g]kfnL ;+:s/0f
• ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf nflu
cfjZos kg]{ ;xof]uL ;fdu|L, ;]jf, k|ljlw h:tf s'/fx¿sf
af/]df pgLx¿n] k|fKt ug{ / k|of]u ug{ ldNg]u/L jf
pgLx¿sf] kx'“r k'Ug]u/L hfgsf/L / ;"rgfx¿ pknAw
u/fpg],
• of] dxf;lGwdf n]lvPsf ;]jf ;'ljwf / clwsf/x¿
/fd|f];“u pknAw u/fpg ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿ ;“u
sfd ug]{ dflg;x¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;a} tflndx¿
pknAw u/fpg],
• x/]s b]zn] cfkmgf] Ôdtfn] EofP;Dd ckfªutf
ePsf JolQmx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts
clwsf/x¿ k|fKt ug]{ k|ultzLn 9+un] kof{Kt ah]6
5'6ofp“b} hfg'kg]{ .
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] JofVofcfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] JofVofcfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] JofVofcfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] JofVofcfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] JofVof
cfly{s clwsf/ Mcfly{s clwsf/ Mcfly{s clwsf/ Mcfly{s clwsf/ Mcfly{s clwsf/ M ;DklQ sdfpg], ;DklQ /fVg
kfpg], cfÎgf] ;DklQ s;/L / sxf“ vr{ ug]{ eg]/ cfkm}“
lg0F{o ug{ kfpg], sfd ug{ kfpg], /f]huf/L ug{ kfpg] /
eQf, k]G;g nufotsf cfly{s ;xof]u kfpg],
;fdflhs clwsf/ M;fdflhs clwsf/ M;fdflhs clwsf/ M;fdflhs clwsf/ M;fdflhs clwsf/ M lzÔf / tflndsf] cj;/ kfpg],
JolQmTj ljsf; ug{ kfpg], c¿ ;/x g} ;dfhsf ljleGg
ultljlwdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg], cfÎgf cfjZostf /
5gf}6sf] af/]df lg0F{o ug{ kfpg], ljjfx / ;DaGw h:tf
s'/f sfod ug{ kfpg] cflb,
;f+:s[lts clwsf/ M;f+:s[lts clwsf/ M;f+:s[lts clwsf/ M;f+:s[lts clwsf/ M;f+:s[lts clwsf/ M cfÎgf] wd{ / ;+:s[lt dfGg
kfpg], v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hgdf efu lng kfpg], snf /
;+:s[ltsf Ô]qdf ;dfj]z x'g kfpg] cflb .
• ;a} b]zn] ckfªtf ePsf JolQmx¿, ltgsf ;+:yf
clg cleefjsx¿nfO{ sfg'g Pj+ gLltx¿ agfpg] k|lqmof
/ sfdx¿df ;xefuL u/fpg'k5{ .
• b]zx¿df klxn] g} s'g} ljÈodf w]/} ;'ljwf 5 jf
k/Dk/fb]lv rn]sf] rngn] yk ;'ljwf lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf]
5 eg] o; dxf;lGwdf sd Joj:yf 5 eg]/ To;nfO{
36fpg kfO“b}g .
• ;+3Lo /fHo ePsf b]zdf of] lgod ;a} ;+3df
a/fa/ nfu" x'G5 .
ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/
• ckfªutf ePsf dlxnf / s]6L -aflnsf, lszf]/L_
x¿n] ljleGg lsl;dsf lje]bsf] ;x]/ a:g' kl//x]sf]
s'/f :jLsf/ ug]{ / pgLx¿n] cGo dflg; ;/x ;a}
dfgj clwsf/ / :jtGqtfx¿sf] pkof]u ug{ kfpg] s'/f
;'lglZrt ug]{, of] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ h] h] pko'{Qm
sfdx¿ ug'{ kg]{ xf] Tof] ;a} ug]{,

36. ?kfGt/0f k"jf{~rn
• b]zx¿n] ckfªutf ePsf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿nfO{
pgLx¿sf clwsf/sf] k"/f pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] agfpg
pgLx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ Ôdtfjfg agfpg
;a} sfd ug]{ .
ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/
b]zx¿n] ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfx¿n] cGo
afnaflnsfn] h:t} ;a} xs clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ kfp“5g
eGg] s'/f :jLsfg'{k5{ / pgLx¿nfO{ tL ;a} clwsf/
pkof]u ug{ lbg ;a} pkfox¿ ckgfpg'k5{ . ckfªutf
ePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ cGo afnaflnsf ;/x ;dfg
x}l;ot lbg'k5{ / ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ .
ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu s'g} klg
sfd ubf{ jf lg0F{o ln“bf s] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] ;a}eGbf
pQd lxt x'G5, ToxL ug]{ .
ckfªutf ePsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] hLjgdf c;/
kfg]{ vfnsf] s'g} sfd ul/G5 jf pgLx¿sf nflu s'g}
lg0F{o lnOG5 eg] To;df :jod ckfªutf ePsf
afnaflnsfx¿n] cfÎgf cfjZostf / 5gf}6sf af/]df
af]Ng, ljrf/ /fVg, efjgfx¿ /fVg kfpg'k5{ . o:tf]
cj;/ lbgsf nflu b]zx¿n] x/]s ;Dej x'g] pkfox¿
ckgfpg'k5{ .
;a} 7fp“df c¿ ;/x k'Ug ;lsg] jf ef}lts ;]jf
;'ljwf / ;~rf/ ;]jf ;lhn} pkof]u ug{ kfpg] .
c¿ dflg;x¿n] ;/x ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{
cfTdlge{/ eP/ af“Rg ;Sg] / b}lgs hLjg rnfpg ;Sg]
agfpg jl/kl/sf ef}lts ;]jf ;'ljwf, oftfoft /
;~rf/sf k|0FfnLx¿ b]zx¿n] ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿n]
;d]t k|of]u ug{ ldNg]u/L agfpg'k5{ . ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿n] ;lhn};“u o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwf k|of]u ug{ kfPsf
5g ls 5}gg, k|ofu ug{ kfPsf 5}gg eg] s] s'/fn]
cj/f]w u/]sf] 5 eg]/ To;sf] klxrfg ug'{k5{ . b]zx¿n]
lgDg lnlvt s'/fx¿nfO{ ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿n]
;d]t ;dfg¿kdf pkof]u jf k|of]u ug{ ldNg]u/L
agfpg'k5{ .
!= ljBfno, a:g] 3/xµ, c:ktfnx¿, ;/sf/L sfof{no,
af6f] / 7"nf ;8s, oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿,
• ljB'tsf] k|of]u u/]/ lng] ;]jfx¿, cfkt–ljkb /
dxfdf/L kbf{ lbOg] ;]jfx¿,
• ;fj{hlgs 7fp“df /flvg] jf ;a} hgtfsf nflu
;/sf/n] lbg] ;"rgfx¿ .
@= o;afx]s c¿ lgDg lnlvt sfdx¿ klg ug'{k5{ .
• ;j{;fwf/0F ;a}n] pkof]u ug]{ u/L v'nf ul/Psf
;a} ;]jf ;'ljwf ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿n] ;d]t
;dfg¿kdf pkof]u ug{ ldNg]u/L agfpg cfjZos
lgb]{lzsf / dfkb08x¿ lgwf{/0F ug]{ / nfu" ug]{,
• ;j{;fwf/0Fsf nflu eg]/ lghL Ô]qn] lgdf{0F ug]{
jf pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿ klg ckfªutf ePsf
JolQmx¿n] k|of]u jf pkof]u ug{ ldNg] agfpg b]zx¿n]
lghL Ô]qnfO{ ;d]t o; ljÈodf Wofg k'¥ofpg nufpg] .
• ckfªutf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs 7fp“df
;]jf ;'ljwf / cj;/x¿ lngnfO{ s] s:tf jfwf /
cj/f]wx¿ 5g eGg] af/]df / tLgnfO{ s;/L x6fpg]
eGg] af/]df ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ tflnd lbg] /
l;sfpg],
• ;j{;fwf/0F ;a}n] k|of]u ug{ ldNg]u/L agfOPsf
3/–ejgx¿ leq a|]ndf jf ;a}nfO{ k9g / a'‰g ;lhnf]
x'g]u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf lrq jf ;ªs]tdf ;"rgfx¿
/fVg],
• o:tf 7fp“x¿df b[i6LljxLgx¿sf nflu af6f]
b]vfpg], alx/fx¿sf nflu ;fªs]lts efÈfsf bf]efÈ] /
;xof]uLx¿ pknAw u/fpg],
• OG6/g]6, sDKo'6/ k|ljlw / cGo ljleGg k|sf/sf
;"rgf lng] / ;~rf/ ug]{ ;fwg / k|0FfnLx¿df ckfªutf
ePsf JolStx¿sf] ;xh kx'“r k'of{pg cfjZos pkfo
nufpg],
• olb s;}n] ckfªutf ePsf JolStx¿sf nflu
;d]t ;xh x'g]u/L ;"rgf k|0FfnL / ;~rf/ ;]jfsf] ljsf;
ug{ vf]H5 jf u5{ eg] To:tf] lgsfo jf JolStnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ug]{,
• ckfªutf ePsf JolStx¿sf] nflu ;xh x'g]u/L
jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0FnfO{ ljsf; ug{ / ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf
k|0FfnLsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|ljlwsf] pTkfbg /
k|j4{g ug]{ .
;a}sf nflu v'nf ul/Psf ;]jf ;'ljwf eg]sf];a}sf nflu v'nf ul/Psf ;]jf ;'ljwf eg]sf];a}sf nflu v'nf ul/Psf ;]jf ;'ljwf eg]sf];a}sf nflu v'nf ul/Psf ;]jf ;'ljwf eg]sf];a}sf nflu v'nf ul/Psf ;]jf ;'ljwf eg]sf]
s] xf] <s] xf] <s] xf] <s] xf] <s] xf] <
;a}sf nflu v'nf ul/Psf jf ;j{;fwf/0F ;a}n] pkof]u
ug{ ldNg]u/L v'nf ul/Psf ;]jf ;'ljwf eGgfn] dgf]/~hg
ug{ hfg] kfs{, gfr3/, l;g]df xn, au}“rf, ;fj{hlgs
zf}rfno, v]n d}bfg, ;ef–;Dd]ngx¿ ug]{ 7fp“, ;a}
;/sf/L sfof{nox¿, xf]6]n, ahf/ jf lsgd]n ug]{ 7fp“x¿,
;8s, c:ktfn, a}ªsx¿, ljBfno, Sofk;, ljZjljBfno,
d7 dGlb/, tflnd lbg] 7fp“x¿, oftfoftsf ;fwg,
6]lnkmf]g ;]jf, 6]lnlehg ;]jf, OG6/g]6 ;]jf, ;fj{hlgs
wf/f cflb .
lx“88'n ug]{ kfpg]lx“88'n ug]{ kfpg]lx“88'n ug]{ kfpg]lx“88'n ug]{ kfpg]lx“88'n ug]{ kfpg]
b]zx¿n] ckfªutf ePsf JolStx¿nfO{ cGo ;/x
:jtGq / :jlge{/ eP/ lx“88'n ug{ ldNg] aftfj/0F
agfpg ;Sbf] k|of; ug]{5g . o;sf nflu lgDg lnlvt
s'/fx¿ ;d]t ug]{5g–
• lx“88'nsf nflu :jlge{/ x'g cfjZos kg]{ ;a}
;xof]ux¿ lbg], o:tf ;xof]u / ;]jfx¿ pgLx¿n] rfx]
h:tf] tl/sfsf jf pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ x'g'k5{ .
ckfªutf ePsf JolStsf cfjZostf cg';f/ eGgfn]ckfªutf ePsf JolStsf cfjZostf cg';f/ eGgfn]ckfªutf ePsf JolStsf cfjZostf cg';f/ eGgfn]ckfªutf ePsf JolStsf cfjZostf cg';f/ eGgfn]ckfªutf ePsf JolStsf cfjZostf cg';f/ eGgfn]
lgDg s'/f a'´fp“5–lgDg s'/f a'´fp“5–lgDg s'/f a'´fp“5–lgDg s'/f a'´fp“5–lgDg s'/f a'´fp“5–