Some of the most commonly occurring legal issues that impact on nursing and nursing practice are those relating to informed consent and refusing treatment as previously detailed, licensure, the safeguarding of clients' personal possessions and valuables, malpractice, negligence, mandatory reporting relating to gunshot....
Some of the most commonly occurring legal issues that impact on nursing and nursing practice are those relating to informed consent and refusing treatment as previously detailed, licensure, the safeguarding of clients' personal possessions and valuables, malpractice, negligence, mandatory reporting relating to gunshot....
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gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
American Hospital AssociationMANAGEMENTADVISORYA Patient’s Bil.docxgalerussel59292
American Hospital Association
MANAGEMENTADVISORY
A Patient’s Bill of Rights
A Patient's Bill of Rights was first adopted by the
American Hospital Association in 1973.
This revision was approved by the AHA Board of Trustees on October 21, 1992.
Introduction
Effective health care requires collaboration between patients and physicians and other health care professionals. Open and honest communication, respect for personal and professional values, and sensitivity to differences are integral to optimal patient care. As the setting for the provision of health services, hospitals must provide a foundation for understanding and respecting the rights and responsibilities of patients, their families, physicians, and other caregivers. Hospitals must ensure a health care ethic that respects the role of patients in decision making about treatment choices and other aspects of their care. Hospitals must be sensitive to cultural, racial, linguistic, religious, age, gender, and other differences as well as the needs of persons with disabilities.
The American Hospital Association presents A Patient's Bill of Rights with the expectation that it will contribute to more effective patient care and be supported by the hospital on behalf of the institution, its medical staff, employees, and patients. The American Hospital Association encourages health care institutions to tailor this bill of rights to their patient community by translating and/or simplifying the language of this bill of rights as may be necessary to ensure that patients and their families understand their rights and responsibilities.
Bill of Rights
These rights can be exercised on the patient’s behalf by a designated surrogate or proxy decision maker if the patient lacks decision-making capacity, is legally incompetent, or is a minor.
1. The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care.
2. The patient has the right to and is encouraged to obtain from physicians and other direct caregivers relevant, current, and understandable information concerning diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Except in emergencies when the patient lacks decision-making capacity and the need for treatment is urgent, the patient is entitled to the opportunity to discuss and request information related to the specific procedures and/or treatments, the risks involved, the possible length of recuperation, and the medically reasonable alternatives and their accompanying risks and benefits.
Patients have the right to know the identity of physicians, nurses, and others involved in their care, as well as when those involved are students, residents, or other trainees. The patient also has the right to know the immediate and long-term financial implications of treatment choices, insofar as they are known.
3. The patient has the right to make decisions about the plan of care prior to and during the course of treatment and to refuse a recommended treatment or plan of care to the extent permitted by law and hospital polic.
The American Hospital Association presents A Patient’s Bill of Rights with the expectation that it will contribute to more effective patient care and be supported by the hospital on behalf of the institution, its medical staff, employees, and patients. The American Hospital Association encourages health care institutions to tailor this bill of rights to their patient community by translating and/or simplifying the language of this bill of rights as may be necessary to ensure that patients and their families understand their rights and responsibilities.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
4. Patients right
A patient's bill of rights is a list of guarantees for those
receiving medical care.
It may take the form of a law or a non-binding declaration.
A patient's bill of rights guarantees patients information, fair
treatment, and autonomy over medical decisions among other
rights.
4
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
5. Definition
Patient rights are the basic rule of conduct between patient and
medical care givers as well as the institutions and people supporting
them.
It is a general statement adopted by most healthcare professionals,
covering matters such as access to care, patient dignity,
confidentiality, and consent to treatment.
5
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
6. Contd…
People often don’t realize
their specific rights at time
of care as these rights are
not clearly defined or included
in the written form.
6
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
7. Contd…
Patient rights encompasses legal and ethical issues in the
provider- patient relationship, including a person’s right to
privacy, right to quality medical care without prejudices, right
to make informed decisions about care and treatment
options, and right to refuse treatment.
- US ADVISORY COMMISSION (1998)
7
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
8. Contd…
Rights vary among different countries and in different
juridictions often depending upon prevailing cultural and
social norms.
Rights are guaranteed by federal law.
8
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
9. Patient’s rights
To receive reasonable,
respectful and safe access
to health services by
competent personnel.
9
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
10. Contd…
Right to respect for cultural,
psychosocial, spiritual and
personal values, beliefs and
preferences.
10
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
11. Right to freedom of choice
Patient has right to choose freely, change his/her physician and
hospital or health service institution.
Patient has right to ask for opinion of another physician at any
stage.
11
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
12. Right to self-determination
• The patient has right to self determination, to
make free decisions.
• The patient should understand clearly purpose of
any test or treatment.
• The physician will inform the patient of the
consequences of his/her decisions.
12
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
13. Contd…
The patient has the right to refuse to participate in research or
the teaching of medicine.
However, patient do not have the right to demand
inappropriate or medically unnecessary treatment or services.
A mentally competent adult patient has the right to give or
withhold consent to any diagnostic procedure or therapy.
13
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
14. Right to know identity of person treating the patient
To be informed of the names and roles of all practitioners
and/or other clinical practitioners who are providing direct
care to the patient.
The medical personnel shall introduce themselves by
wearing a name tag.
14
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
15. Contd…
The patient also has the right to know the identity and
functions of the institutions.
The patient shall be informed of the hospital rules and
regulations applicable to his/her conduct as a patient.
15
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
16. Right to participate in development and
implementation of care
Patient have the right to effective communication and to
participate in ethical questions that arise in the course of care,
withholding resuscitative services, and withdrawing life-
sustaining treatment.
16
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
17. Right to receive information
Patient has right to receive information about his or her complete
medical condition, recommended treatment, risk of the
treatment, expected results ,and reasonable medical alternatives
in the terms the patient understands.
17
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
18. Contd…
If the patient is not capable of understanding the information, the
explanation shall be provided to his or her guardian and be
documented in the patient’s personal medical record.
To receive from the health facility an explanation of the reasons
for transferring the patient to another facility, information about
alternatives to the transfer.
18
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
19. Contd…
To be free from physical, mental abuse, neglect,
sexual harassment, sexual violence, exploitation.
Right to be free from restraints , except when it is
temporarily necessary to prevent injury to patient or
others.
Such emergency restraints is used in a safe manner
with respect.
19
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
20. Right to privacy
• To have personal and physical privacy during medical
treatment, procedure and personal hygiene functions,
such as bathing and using toilet, unless patient needs
assistance for his or her own safety and when hospital
personnel are discussing the patient;
• They have right to have visitors leave prior to an
examination and when treatment issues are being
discussed.
• Privacy curtains should be used in semi-private rooms.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 20
21. Contd…
To get confidential treatment, information in the patient’s
records:
oInformation, including medical records by the patient or by
the patient’s legally authorized representative and hospital
charges shall not be released to any one outside the
hospital except in the following situations; if the patient has
approved the request, if the request is permitted by law etc.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 21
22. Contd…
Patient have right to be involved in
development and implementation of
discharge plan.
Upon their request, a friend or family
member may be provided this
information.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 22
23. Patient’s rights during medication
To be informed of drug’s name, purpose, action
potential undesired effects.
To refuse a medication regardless
of the consequences.
To have qualified nurses, physicians
assess medication history, allergies
use of herbals.
23
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
24. Contd…
To be properly advised of experimental nature of medication
therapy and to give written consent for its use.
To receive labeled medications safely.
To receive appropriate supportive therapy in relation to
medication therapy.
Not to receive unnecessary medications.
To be informed if medication are a part of a research study.
24
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta
26. BILL OF RIGHTS FOR PATIENTS
•American Hospital Association has adopted a
“Patient’s Bill or Rights” as a national policy
statement and distributed it to its member
hospitals throughout the country.
•Summary of 12 rights:
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 26
27. 1. The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care.
2. The patient has the right to obtain from his physician complete
current information concerning his diagnosis, treatment and
prognosis in terms the patient can be reasonably expected to
understand.
3. The patient has the right to receive from his physician
information necessary to give informed consent prior to the
start of any procedure and / or treatment.
4. The patient has the right to refuse treatment to the extent
permitted by law, and to be informed of the medical
consequences of his action.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 27
28. 5. The patient has the right to every consideration of his privacy
concerning his own medical care program.
6. The patient has the right to expect that communications and
records pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential.
7. The patient has the right to expect that within its capacity a hospital
must make reasonable response to the request of a patient for
services.
8. The patient has the right to obtain information as to any
relationship of his hospital to other health care and education
institutions insofar as his care is concerned.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 28
29. 9. The patient has the right to be advised if the hospital proposes to
engage in or perform human experimentation affecting his care
or treatment.
10. The patient has the right to expect reasonable continuity of care.
11. The patient has the right to examine and receive an explanation of
his bill regardless of source of payment.
12. The patient has the right to know what hospital rules and
regulations apply to his conduct as a patient.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 29
30. EUROPEAN CHARTER OF PATIENTS’ RIGHTS
•FOURTEEN RIGHTS OF THE
PATIENT
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 30
31. 1-Right to Preventive Measures
•Every individual has the right to a proper service
in order to prevent illness.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 31
32. 2-Right of Access
•Every individual has the right of access to the
health services that his or her health needs
require.
•The health services must guarantee equal
access to everyone, without discriminating on
the basis of
•financial resources, place of residence, kind of
illness or time of access to services.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 32
33. 3-Right to Information
•Every individual has the right to access
to all kind of information regarding their
state of health,
•the health services and how to use
them, and all that scientific research
and technological
•innovation makes available.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 33
34. 4-Right to Consent
• Every individual has the right of access to all
information that might enable him or her to
actively
•participate in the decisions regarding his or
her health; this information is a prerequisite
for any
•procedure and treatment, including the
participation in scientific research.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 34
35. 5-Right to Free Choice
•Each individual has the right to freely choose
from among different treatment procedures and
providers on the basis of adequate information.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 35
36. 6-Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
• Every individual has the right to the
confidentiality of personal information, including
information regarding his or her state of health
and potential diagnostic or therapeutic
procedures, as well as the protection of his or her
privacy during the performance of diagnostic
exams, specialist visits, and medical/surgical
treatments in general.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 36
37. 7-Right to Respect of Patients’ Time
•Each individual has the right to receive
necessary treatment within a swift and
predetermined period
•of time. This right applies at each phase of
the treatment.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 37
38. 8-Right to the Observance of Quality Standards
•Each individual has the right of access to
high quality health services on the basis of
the
•specification and observance of precise
standards.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 38
39. 9-Right to Safety
•Each individual has the right to be free from
harm caused by the poor functioning of
health services,
•medical malpractice and errors, and the
right of access to health services and
treatments that meet high safety standards.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 39
40. 10-Right to Innovation
•Each individual has the right of access to
innovative procedures, including
diagnostic procedures, according to
international standards and
independently of economic or financial
considerations.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 40
41. 11-Right to Avoid Unnecessary Suffering and Pain
•Each individual has the right to avoid as much
suffering and pain as possible, in each phase of
his or her illness.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 41
42. 12-Right to Personalized Treatment
•Each individual has the right to diagnostic or
therapeutic programmes tailored as much
as possible to his or her personal needs.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 42
43. 13-Right to Complain
•Each individual has the right to complain
whenever he or she has suffered a harm
and the right to receive a response or other
feedback.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 43
44. 14-Right to Compensation
•Each individual has the right to receive sufficient
compensation within a reasonably short time
whenever he or she has suffered physical or
moral and psychological harm caused by a health
service treatment.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 44
45. Consumer Bill of Rights and Responsibilities
1. Information Disclosure.
2. Choice of Providers and Plans.
3. Access to Emergency Services.
4. Participation in Treatment Decisions.
5. Respect and Nondiscrimination.
6. Confidentiality of Health Information.
7. Complaints and Appeals.
8. Consumer Responsibilities.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 45
47. Advocacy in Nursing
Client Advocate:
It is the role of the nurse to protect the client.
They assist clients in exercising their rights and help
them speak out for themselves.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 47
50. Nurse as Client Advocate
• When acting as client advocate, the nurse’s first step is
to develop a meaningful relationship with the client.
• The nurse is then able to make decisions with the client
based on the strength of the relationship.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 50
51. Nurse as Whistleblower
• Whistleblowing refers to calling attention to unethical, illegal, or
incompetent actions of others.
• Whistleblowing is based on the ethical principles of veracity and
non-maleficence.
• Federal and state laws (to varying degrees) provide protection,
such as privacy, to whistleblowers.
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 51
52. Questions for Whistleblowers
• Whose problem is this?
• Must I do anything about it?
• Is it my fault?
• Who am I to judge?
• Do I have the facts straight?
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 52
53. Errors Due To Human Factors
• Poor Training
• Fatigue
• Staffing level
• Communication
• Distractions
• Punitive culture
Nurses
Many Roles One Profession
Prof. Dr. RS Mehta 53
Thank You