Karuwa ashoj 1

jif{ ! c+s ! @)&) c;f]h #! ut] ;ff]daf/ 16 September 2013, Monday k[i7 ;+Vof *+* d"No ? !)÷–
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aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . sxLFst} cfd kf7ssf] rfxgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{tkm{ eGbf
:jfy{ k|]l/t ;dfrf/ ;fdu|L k:sg] /j}ofn] kqsfl/tf k]zfk|ltsf] hgljZjf;nfO{
IfoLs/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;dfrf/ / ;"rgfdf eGbf ;fdflhs
;~hfnsf ;"rgfdf kf7ssf] ljZjf; a9bf] 5 . sltko ;~rf/dfWodn] cfkm"
jf cfkmgf] :jfy{ / cf:yf cg's"nsf ;dfrf/ / ljrf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] /
Ot/sf ljrf/nfO{ lgif]w ug]{ k|rng a9bf] 5 . To; ljkl/t ;fdflhs ;~hfndf
;a} ljrf/ c6fPsf 5g, hxfF kf7s :jo+n] 5fg]/ ;"rgf lng ;S5g . To;}n]
;fdflhs ;~hfnk|lt w]/}sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5 .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ldl8ofsf] ljsf; /x/nfUbf] 5 . t/ lgikIftfsf]
IfoLs/0f eg] 8/nfUbf] 5 . cf:yfsf cfwf/df ul/g] ld;g kqsfl/tf cr]n
:jfy{ s]lGb|t x'Fb} kf6L{ / u'6 kqsfl/tfdf ablnPsf] 5 . lbgk|ltlbg lgikIftf
/ hglxt kqsfl/tf sdhf]/ ag]sf] 5 . kf6L{ kqsfl/tf leq c;Gt'ngsf]
3grSs/ 5 . kf6L{ leq u'6 5g . u'6 leq klg JolQmTjsf] 6s/fj 5 .
o:tf] cj:yfdf kf6L{ kqsfl/tf lj:tf/} u'6kqsfl/tf / To;kl5 JolQmufgdf
k'u]/ cnkq k/]sf w]/} b[i6fGt 5g . ;a}sf ljrf/nfO{ ;d]6g] / kf7snfO{ g}
pQd ljrf/ 5fGg 5'6 lbg] gLltdf s?jfsf] b[9 ljZjf; 5 .
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ;+:yfut ug{ lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ xfd|f] bfloTjnfO{
xfdL e'Ng] 5}gf}+ . :yfgLo txdf nf]stflGqs k4ltsf] ljsf;, ljlwsf] zf;g,
gful/s clwsf/sf] /Iff / k|]; :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf s?jf cleofgfTds
e"ldsfdf h'6g] 5 . b]z bf];|f] ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgsf] ;Dd'vdf 5 . cfkm
gf k|ltlglwn] agfPsf] ;+ljwfgaf6 zfl;t x'g] hgrfxgfnfO{ a'emg / To;
cg's"nsf] e"ldsfdf pqg xfdL uf}/j 7fGg] 5f}+ . xhf/f}+n] Hofg u'dfP/ k|fKt
u/]sf] pknlAw /Iff ug'{ /fli6«o bfloŒj xf] . /fhgLlts g]t[Œj / /fHosf
c+ux?nfO{ kl/jt{gsf kIfdf 8f]¥ofpg ;~rf/ If]qsf] pNn]Vo e"ldsf /xG5 .
Jofj;flos :jtGqtf k|lts"n x'g]ul/ s;};Fu ;Demf}tf gu/L cfkmgf] e"ldsf
k"/f ug{ s?jf lg/Gt/ nfUg] 5 . s?jfaf6 klxrfg kfPsf] lhNnf kfNkfaf6
k|sfzg cf/De ePsf] s?jf klqsfn] lhNnfsf] OHht / k|lti7fnfO{ cem
pFrf] /fVg k|oTg ug]{5 . o;sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ kfNkfnL cfd hg;d'bfosf]
/rgfTds ;'emfj / ;Nnfxsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf 5f}+ .
Jojxf/d} lgikIf
k|sfzsLo
kfNkf, kfNkfsf] lgjf{rg If]q gDa/
tLg lhNnfdf dfq} x}g /fli6«o
/fhgLltd} rrf{df 5 . cl3Nnf]
;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgdf k|d'v
tLgbn g]skf Pdfn], PsLs[t
g]skf dfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL
sf+u|];aLr If]q # df s8f k|lt:kwf{
ePsf] lyof] . Pdfn]sf s'nk|;fb
g]kfnn] ljho k|fKt u/]sf] of]
If]qdf dfcf]jfbLsf g]q kf08] /
sf+u|];sf xl/ g]kfnn] klg xf/fxf/L
dt NofP/ ljh]tfnfO{ 6Ss/ lbPsf
lyP .
of] k6s /fli6«o
/fhgLltdf rrf{df /x]sf k"j{ cy{
;lrj /fd]Zj/ vgfn;Fu hf]l8P/
If]q # yk rf;f] / rrf{sf] s]Gb|
ag]sf] 5 . vgfn g]kfnL sf+u|];af6
k|ToIf pd]bjf/ aGg] laifon] sf+u|];
leq / aflx/ xnrn NofPsf] 5 .
If]q # df sf+u|]; / Pdfn]af6
cfsf+IfL pd]bjf/ ;+Vof klg lgs}
7"nf] 5 . To;}n] kf6L{ kl/jf/d}
cGt/snx ;d]t rsf]{ b]lvPsf]
5 . kfNkfsf afFsL b'O{j6f lgjf{rg
If]q eGbf If]q # of] k6s rf;f] /
rrf{df 5 .
k|d'v tLg bn ;lxt
oxfF cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;fgf bnx?
klg r'gfjL tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5g .
ut ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgdf kfPsf]
dtnfO{ x]bf{ ;fgf bnx?sf]
r'gfjL bf}8df kfNkf
pkl:ylt bdbf/ 5}g . To;}sf]
cfwf/df ;fgf bn vf;} rrf{df
klg 5}gg . tLg k|d'v bn Psn]
csf{nfO{ k|lt:kwL{ 7fg]/ r'gfjL
/0fgLlt agfpg sl:;Psf 5g .
kfNkfsf tLgj6}
lgjf{rg If]qdf tLg bnsf
cfsf+IfLsf] ;+Vof ;oeGbf a9L 5 .
l;kmfl/;df k/]sf pd]bjf/ /
pd]bjf/ ;Da4 u'6x? l6s6 xft
kfg]{ bfpdf clxn] lhNnf /
/fhwfgLdf ;lqmo 5g . l6s6sf
nflu kf6L{ leq g]tfx?aLrdf :j:y,
c:j:y ;a}vfn] ;+3if{ rn]sf] 5 .
k'/fgfs} rfxgfM
k':tf x:tfGt/0f / gofF
g]t[Tj lgdf{0fdf s]Gb|Lo /fhgLltdf
JofKt ;d:of lhNnf txdf klg
5 . nfesf] kb / cf]xf]bfsf nflu
;fdflhs /fhgLlts d"No dfGotf
la;{g] kl/kf6L /fhgLlts ;+:sf/
h:t} ag]sf] 5 . b'O{ bzsb]lv Pp6}
JolQm s'g} bnsf] s]Gb|ljGb' alg/xg'
gofF g]t[Tj lgdf{0fsf] dfu{df kvf{n
aGg' xf] . bnx?n] l;kmfl/;
u/]sf sltko gfdx? k/LIf0f
e};s]sf ‘cn/]8L 6]:6]8’ 5g .
$* ;fndf pDd]bjf/
ag]/ ef]6 dfu]sf kfqx? g}
clxn] &) ;fndf klg p;}u/L,
pxL :yfgdf, pg} k|lta4tf
af]s]/ ef]6 dfUg lxF8g]
kl/l:yltn] s] bzf{pF5 <
xhf/f}+sf] kf6L{ ;b:o /x]sf]
kf6L{df s'g} Ps /fhgLlts
lhNnf:t/sf g]tfx?sf]
pDd]bjf/Lsf] ljifodf rrf{
rln/x]sf] kl5Nnf] ;dodf
kfNkfsf] r'gfjL jftfj/0f eg]
;~rf/sdL{x?sf] rrf{n] tft]sf]
5 . tLg 7"nf bnsf ;Defljt
pDd]bjf/sf] ?kdf lhNnfsf kfFr
;Dkfbssf] gfd l;kml/; ePkl5
kl5Nnf] ;do o;n] 7"n} rrf{ kfPsf]
5 . lhNnfaf6 k|sflzt x'g] b'O{
@)$* ;fn
If]q ! – sfn'/fd /fgf -sfFu|];_
If]q @ – uDeL/h+u sfsL{ -sf+u|];_
If]q # – xl/ g]kfn -sf+u|];_
@)%! ;fn
If]q ! – bnaxfb'/ /fgf -Pdfn]_
If]q @ – ;f]dk|;fb kf08] -Pdfn]_
If]q # – lji0f' kf}8]n -Pdfn]_
@)%^ ;fn
If]q ! – eb|axfb'/ yfkf -Pdfn]_
If]q @ – ;f]dk|;fb kf08] -Pdfn]_
If]q # – ofbjaxfb'/ /fodfemL -Pdfn]_
@)^$ ;fn
If]q ! – bnaxfb'/ /fgf -Pdfn]_
If]q @ – lnnf;f]d} du/ -dfcf]jfbL_
If]q # – s'nk|;fb g]kfn -Pdfn]_
kfNkfsf kfFr ;Dkfbs klg r'gfjL bf}8df
tfg;]g 6S;f/sf] kfNkfnL s?jf pBf]udf sfd ub}{ sflnu9 .tfg;]g 6S;f/sf] kfNkfnL s?jf pBf]udf sfd ub}{ sflnu9 .
b}lgs, b'O{ ;fKtflxs / Pp6f klxn]
kfNkfaf6} / clxn] /fhwfgLaf6
k|sflzt x'g] ;fKtflxs u/L kfFr
klqsfsf ;Dkfbsx? o;k6s
kfNkfaf6 pDd]bjf/sf] l;kmfl/;df
k/]sf 5g .
kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt
x'Fb} cfPsf] kfNkf b}lgssf k|wfg
;Dkfbs g]q kf08] PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbLaf6 k|ToIftkm{ l;kmfl/;
ePsf 5g . pgL kf6L{sf kfNkf
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;d]t x'g . pgL
cl3Nnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf
;d]t If]q g+= # af6 k|ToIf
pDd]bjf/ /xL lemgf] dtn] k/flht
ePsf lyP. lhNnfsf] csf]{ b}lgs
gjhgr]tgfsf ;Dkfbs hubLz
e§/fO{nfO{ g]kfnL sf+u|]; u'NdL
If]q g+= ! n] ;dfg'kfltstkm{sf]
zDe' >]i7zDe' >]i7 g]q kf08]g]q kf08] d]3/fh zdf{d]3/fh zdf{ emk]Gb| ulx/]emk]Gb| ulx/] hubLz e§/fO{hubLz e§/fO{
afFsL k[i7 # df
afFsL k[i7 # df
bnx?aLr ;xdlt gePkl5 k"j{
k|zf;sx?sf] g]t[Œjdf lgb{nLo ;/sf/
agfpg] rrf{ rln/x]sf a]nf u[x tyf k//
fi6«dGqL dfwj l3ld/] kfNkf cfP . ToxLa]
nf e}/j:yfg dlGb/ k'u]/ pgn] ‘efsn’;d]
t u/]sf] rrf{ ;'lgof] . kl5Nnf] k6s ebf}
sf] t];|f] ;ftf u[x lhNnf kfNkf cfPsf
pgL / e}/jafafaLr ‘cfef/ cfbfgk|bfg’
k[i7 # dfeof] . lj:t[t ;fdu|L
/fdk'/ If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ! s/f]8
^ nfv lghL wg vr]{/ @^ lsnf]ld6/
;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ nIdL 1jfnL olta]nf
u'dgfd 5g . s] ub}{5g pgL < casf]
of]hgf s] 5 xf]nf < ;jf s/f]8sf]
nfutdf agfPsf] sfnLu08sL Eo"6fj/
k|of]uljxLg 5 . gofF ;+sNk lnP/ h'Fuf
kfNg yfn]sf kfNkfnL bfgjL/ nIdL *
k[i7 !$ dfdlxgf ef] /fdk'/df b]lvPsf 5}gg .
o;cl3sf lgjf{rgsf ljhoL pDd]bjf/x?
Karuwa_1.indd 1Karuwa_1.indd 1 9/16/2013 11:16:04 AM9/16/2013 11:16:04 AM

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
lhNnfaf6 /+uLg k[i7 ;lxt ‘s?jf’ cw{ ;fKtflxs klqsf k|sfzg
ug{ nfu]sf]df w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] o'u ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] o'u xf] . k|ljlwsf] ;d'lrt
k|of]u / gjLg ;f]rn] df]km;ndf cfjfhx?nfO{ /fli6«o /
cGt/f{li6«o tx;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy kfNkfnL
o'jfn] u/]sf] of] k|of; lgs} ;x|fgLo 5 .
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{
df}lnsxssf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf :jtGq k|]; dfkm{t
gful/ssf] df}lns xssf] /Iff ub}{ b]zsf] ;du| ljsf;df of]ubfg
k'¥ofpg of] ;fKtflxs ;kmn x'g] ljZjf; lnFb} k|sfzgsf] ;kmntfsf]
sfdgf ub{5' .
lzj/fh hf]zL
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L kfNkf
z'esfdgfz'esfdgf
;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] If]qdf cu|0fL
kfNkf lhNnfsf] ;+rf/ If]qdf ‘Jojxf/d}
lgikIf’ eGg] gf/f ;lxt kfNkf lhNnfdf
lqmofzLn kqsf/x?sf] kxndf kfNkf
‘Jojxf/d} lgikIf’ d"n gf/fsf ;fy k|sfzg k|f/De x'g
yfn]sf] o; ;+rf/ ;+:yfn] cfd ;+rf/ dfWods} ¿kdf ;dod} ;xL
tYok"0f{ ;dfrf/nfO{ kf7s ;dIf k'¥ofpg ;Sg'kb{5 . kqsfl/tfsf
cfwf/e"t dfGotf / l;4fGtnfO{ k"0f{ lz/f]k/ ub}{ o; If]qsf
cfrf/;+lxtf / ;fdflhs dfGotfnfO{ Vofn /fVb} of] klqsfn]
nf]stGq, ;fdflhs d"NodfGotf, cv08tf, cljefHotf / ljsf;
cleofgnfO{ sfod /fVg / :t/ pGgt kfg{ rf}yf] c+usf] ¿kdf
v]Ng'kg]{ kx/]bf/Ldf s'g} s;/ afFsL g/fVg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
ckgfpg' kb{5 .
cfhsf] o'udf ;+rf/ dfWod :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug{
cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'a} 5g . o;y{ cefj, k|efj / bjfjdf gk/L
;Demf}tflxg 9+un] gful/snfO{ ;';"lrt ug]{ s'/fdf o; ;+:yfn]
gd"gf k|bz{g ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . jt{dfg ;Gbe{df lgjf{rg cfrf/;+lxtf
;d]t k"0f{ sfof{Gjog u/L :jtGq / eo/lxt lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ /
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{, k|]; :jtGqtf jxfnL ug{ /
kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ st} sxLaf6 cfhsn x]g{ yflnPsf] unt
b[li6sf]0fnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{÷u/fpg Jojxf/d} lgikIftf c+ufNb} cl3
a9f]; . lg/Gt/tf k|fKt ul//xf];, ;dfrf/ / ljrf/sf] ;femf
d~r aGg ;sf]; . xfd|f] tkm{af6 k|ultsf] oxL z'esfdgf .
eujfg e08f/L
cWoIf
g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, kfNkf
z'esfdgfz'esfdgf
kqsfl/tfsf] pj{/ e"ld kfNkfsf] tfg;]gaf6
csf]{ cfofdsf] ¿kdf ‘s¿jf’ cw{ ;fKtflxs
klqsf k|sfzg ;'? x'g nfu]sf] va/n] xfdLnfO{
v';L nfu]sf] 5 .
k|sfzs nufot ;Dk"0f{ kqsf/ ldqx?nfO{ xflb{s s[t1tf JoQm ug{
rfxG5' . oxfFx?sf] k|of;n] ;To, tYo ;"rgf kfpg] gful/ssf] df}lns
clwsf/sf] ;Dj4{g ug{ pNn]Vo 6]jf k'Ug]5 eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf cfd gful/ssf] ;"rgfsf] kx'Fr
;/n, ;xhtj/n] k'¥ofpg b[9 ;+sNksf ;fy k|sfzg x'g nfu]sf] o;
cw{;fKtflxs k|sfzgn] s]jn kfNkf lhNnfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df dfq s]lGb|t geO{
b]ze/sf ufpFufpF a:tLa:tLdf 5fpg ;sf]; eg]/ z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' .
vfkfvfgf ljB'tLo ;~rf/af6 k|]lift x'g] tYok/s ;dfrf/n] /fli6«iotf,
nf]stGq, sfg'gL zf;g / dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g ug]{ s'/fnfO{ pRr
k|fyldstfdf /fVg' kb{5 . To:t} ;To, tYo ;"rgfn] ;fdflhs Pstf, ;befj
sfod /fVb} ;d'Ggt ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ x'Fbf o;tkm{
klg s?jf klqsf ;b}j ;+j]bgzLn /xg]5 eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .
cGTodf, of] klxnf] Pj+ ljz]if c+s ;a}sf nflu k7gLo /
cg's/0fLo x'g ;sf]; eGg] xflb{s z'esfdgfsf ;fy k|sfzgdf ;dlk{t
x'g'ePsf ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx?nfO{ awfO{ tyf oxfFsf] ;'vb eljiosf] sfdgf
;d]t ub{5' . s'a]/ l;+x /fgf
k|x/L dxflg/LIfs
z'esfdgfz'esfdgf
‘Jojxf/d} lgikIf’ gf/f;lxt lqmofzLn
kqsf/x?sf] kxndf kfNkf lhNnfaf6 ‘s?jf’
gfds cw{;fKtflxs klqsf k|sfzg x'g nfu]sf]
va/n] dnfO{ Hofb} v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . o; ;'vb
38Ldf z'e]R5fsf b'O{ zAb /fVg] df}sf lbg'ePsf]df
/fd ;f?
kfNkf, 3/]n' d}bfgdf ;DkGg
cf7f}+ hg/n rf]O{ :d[lt cfOl6Pkm
t]SjfGbf] /fli6«o k|ltof]lutfdf
kfNkfn] jr{Zj kfPsf] 5 . pRr
dgf]an lnP/ v]n]sf v]nf8Ln]
lhNnfsf] OHht arfP .
cfOl6Pkmdf kfNkfn]
lg/Gt/ kfPsf] ;kmntfsf] >[ª
vnf o;k6s klg sfod /fv]sf]
5 . kfNkfn] !^ :j0f{ kbs ;lxt
klxnf] :yfg ;'/lIft u¥of] .
cfOtaf/ tfg;]g 6'Fl8v]n
d}bfgdf ;DkGg k|ltof]lutfsf]
clGtd k|lt:kwf{df oxfFsf]
a]ynn] ;ft, db/Nof08n]
rf/, Kof/fugn] tLg, tfg;]g /
;g/fOhn] Ps–Ps u/L !^ :j0f{
kbs ;lxt k|yd ePsf] xf] .
kfNkfn] !* /ht kbs ;d]t xft
kf/]sf] 5 .
k|ltof]lutfdf nlntk'/
gf} :j0f{ ;lxt låtLo / cf7 :j0f{
;lxt sf7df8f}+ t]>f] ePsf] 5 .
z'qmaf/b]lv ;~rfng ePsf]
k|ltof]lutfdf k'?if tkm{
nlntk'/sf ;+ho yfkf du/ /
dlxnf tkm{ sf7df8f}sL lgZdf
a:ofn pTs[i6 v]nf8L 3f]lift
ePsf cfO{l6Pkm kfNkf cWoIf
lg/axfb'/ ;f?n] atfP .
h'lgo/tkm{ dxfnIdL
nlntk'/sf zf}/e s];L / /Gh'
k'nfdL pTs[i6 v]nf8L 3f]lift
ePsf 5g . ljhoL v]nf8Lx?nfO{
g]kfn OG6/g]zgn t]Sjf08f]
dxf;+3sf sfo{jfxs cWoIf
cGh'gfy >]i7, dxf;lrj /]jt
/fgf Pj+ kfNkfsf k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/L lzj/fh hf]zL /
tfg;]g gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L
clws[t lg/g e§/fO{n] k'/:sf/
tyf kbs k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
k|ltof]lutfdf b]ze/Lsf *!
8f]hf·sf % ;o !# v]nf8Lsf]
;xeflutf lyof] . :kfl/·, Kof6g{,
;]Nkm l8km]G;, :k]zn 6]lSgs,
t]SjfGbf]df kfNkfsf] ar{Zj
kfj/ a|]ls· u/L cfOl6Pkm
t]SjfGbf]sf kfFr ljwfdf k|lt:kwf{
ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn OG6/g]zgn
t]SjfGbf] dxf;+3sf] cfof]hgf tyf
kfNkf cfO{l6Pkmsf] Aoj:yfkgdf
k|ltof]lutf ePsf] xf] . z'qmaf/
k|x/L dxflg/LIfs s'j]/ l;+x
/fgfn] k|ltof]lutf pb3f6g
u/]sf lyP . cfOl6Pkmn]
t]SjfGbf]sf ;+:yfks hg/n rf]O{
xf]· xLsf] :d[ltdf k|To]s jif{ of]
k|ltof]lutf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]
;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /
fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf k|sfzg cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf k|sfzg cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/
k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .
z'ef/Desf]z'esfdgfz'ef/Desf]z'esfdgf
/f]on Og/f]on Og
/fhs'df/ v8sf -Dofg]h/_/fhs'df/ v8sf -Dofg]h/_
j;Gtk'/–^, tfg;]g, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–%@@&*), (*$&$(%)@$j;Gtk'/–^, tfg;]g, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–%@@&*), (*$&$(%)@$
 g]kfnL, g]jf/L vfgf, vfhfg]kfnL, g]jf/L vfgf, vfhf  Breakfast, Lunch, DinnerBreakfast, Lunch, Dinner
 Free Home deliveryFree Home delivery  Free Wi-ﬁ spotFree Wi-ﬁ spot

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
z'ef/Desf] z'esfdgfz'ef/Desf] z'esfdgf
Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6
k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]
;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf /;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf /
hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsfhglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf
k|sfzg cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/ k|ultsf]k|sfzg cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/ k|ultsf]
xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .
k|f]= ;'Gb/ nf]xgLk|f]= ;'Gb/ nf]xgL
tfg;]g–!% c;g6f]n, kfNkf kmf]g M (*$&)$#^@(tfg;]g–!% c;g6f]n, kfNkf kmf]g M (*$&)$#^@(
;TojtL ;'grfFbL k;n;TojtL ;'grfFbL k;n
;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ cl3 a9f]; .;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ cl3 a9f]; .
klqsf k|sfzg cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/ k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .klqsf k|sfzg cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/ k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .
la P08 la d]6n pBf]ula P08 la d]6n pBf]u
k|f]= lji0f' ;f]d}k|f]= lji0f' ;f]d}
tfg;]g–!) u}/fufpF, ldzg/f]8, kfNkftfg;]g–!) u}/fufpF, ldzg/f]8, kfNkf
xfdLsxfF kmnfd ;DagwL ‰ofn 9f]sf ;6/, r]su]6 nufot cGo ;fdfg agfOG5 .xfdLsxfF kmnfd ;DagwL ‰ofn 9f]sf ;6/, r]su]6 nufot cGo ;fdfg agfOG5 .
;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs} lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{
s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf k|sfzg cf/Desf] of]s]Gb|laGb'df /fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf k|sfzg cf/Desf] of]
cj;/df lg/Gt/ k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .cj;/df lg/Gt/ k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .
Pk]S; sDKo'6/Pk]S; sDKo'6/
k|f]= ydg ;f¿k|f]= ydg ;f¿
tfg;]g–$, l;Nvfg6f]n, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%%@)*!&tfg;]g–$, l;Nvfg6f]n, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%%@)*!&
sDKo"6/ ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ k9fO{ tyf sf]l/og efiff klg k9fOG5sDKo"6/ ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ k9fO{ tyf sf]l/og efiff klg k9fOG5
;fydf sDKo"6/ v/Lb lalqm tyf dd{t klg ul/G5 .;fydf sDKo"6/ v/Lb lalqm tyf dd{t klg ul/G5 .
Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxtJojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt
kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]
;"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs};"rgf k|jfxsf] sfddf ;fFlRrs}
lgikIftf / hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'dflgikIftf / hglxtnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'df
/fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf k|sfzg/fv]/ cl3 a9f]; . klqsf k|sfzg
cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/cf/Desf] of] cj;/df lg/Gt/
k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .k|ultsf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf .
xf]6n l;Gb'/ k|f=lnxf]6n l;Gb'/ k|f=ln
g]kfnu~h/f]8 a'6jn, ?kGb]xL kmf]g M )&!–%$)(*@g]kfnu~h/f]8 a'6jn, ?kGb]xL kmf]g M )&!–%$)(*@
kfqsf nflu b'O{ bzs ;do Hofb}
w]/} xf] . b'O{ bzs cjlwdf lhNnf
txaf6 c~rn, If]q x'Fb} s]Gb|
tx;Dd cfkmgf] x}l;ot :yflkt
ug]{ ;fdYo{ Tof] kfqdf x'g'kg]{
xf] . Tof] ;fdYo{ gx'g]n] gofF
g]t[TjnfO{ 7fpF 5fl8lbg' kg]{
/fhgLlts ;+:sf/ v} < bn /
g]tfx?df o:tf] ;+:sf/ vf]Hg] ‘;r]t
/ kl/jt{g kIfw/’ sfo{stf{ tof/
gx'g' klg csf]{ b'ef{Uo xf] . o'jf /
;Ifd k':tfnfO{ /fhgLltdf cfslif{t
ug'{kg]{df pN6} ljslif{t ul/Psf]
5 . Pp6} kfqn] b'O{÷rf/
bzs;Dd ef]6f] km6fln/xg] xf] eg]
gofF lhpdf slxn] ef]6f] nfUg] xf] <
x/]s kf6L{df gofF /
;Ifd g]t[Tj tof/ kfg]{ sfd
g]t[Tjsf] xf] . r'gfjL ;Gbe{df
Pp6f egfO{ 5– ‘/fhg]tf Tof] xf]
h;n] ;Ifd gofF k':tf tof/ kfg'{
cfkmgf] p2]Zo 7fG5, e|i6 g]tf
Tof] xf] h:n] r'gfj g} Psdfq
p2]Zo 7fG5 .’
tLg bnsf k|ToIfsf pDd]bjf/x?
g]skf Pdfn]
If]q g+= ! af6 /fwfs[i0f sF8]n,
gf/fo0f cfrfo{, o'j/fh vgfn,
b]jLk|;fb nfld5fg], /fh]Gb|nIdL
u}/] . If]q g+= @ af6 ;f]dk|;fb
kf08], 7fs'/ u}/] / bof/fh
a:ofn . If]q g+= # af6 ofbjaxfb'/
/fodfemL, s'nk|;fb g]kfn,
wg]Gb|/fh l3ld/], gf/fo0fL zdf{
l3ld/], gf/fo0f lh;L, zDe' >]i7,
b'uf{ vgfn / cf]daxfb'/ 3tL{ .
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] k|ToIf /
;dfg'kflts g5'6ofO{ !% hgfsf]
gfd s]Gb|df l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .
gfdfjnLdf a;Gt zdf{ s'zn, g]q
kf08], rqmJo'x yfkf, s[i0f e'iffn,
dy'/f 9sfn, sdn e§/fO{, /fh]Gb|
ljs, s0f{axfb'/ sfsL{, lbn' nfdf,
g/l;+x /fgf, ;"o{k|sfz ;'gf/,
t'n;f /fgf, zfGtf ljs, t'nf/fd
u/Dhf, /fh]z >]i7 5g .
g]kfnL sf+u|];
If]q ! af6 k|ToIftkm{ ljho/fh
l3ld/], b]j/fh 9sfn, /d0f yfkf,
sNk kf}8]n, s[i0f clwsf/L,
bfgaxfb'/ k5fO{ If]qL, 1fgaxfb'/
ufxf, ;Ltf b]jsf]6f kf08]o . If]q
g+= @ af6 aL/axfb'/ /fgf, dfwj
g]kfn, /fhgk|;fb kGt, odnfn
ltldlN;gf, gf/fo0f sf]O/fnf /
/fd]Zj/ kGyL . If]q g+= # df
xl/k|;fb g]kfn, e"if0f /fhnj6,
chodfg sdf{rfo{, ljwfg >]i7 /
ljdn 9sfn .
r'gfjL bf}8df===
k"j{ d'Vo ;lrj dfwj
l3ld/] e}/j:yfgsf] cfzLjf{bn]
u[xdGqL ePsf] /x:o v'n]sf] 5 .
dGqL x'g'eGbf s]xL dlxgf klxn]
kfNkfsf] xfyf]{sdf a}+ssf] zfvf
pb3f6gsf nflu l3ld/] kfNkf
cfPsf lyP . Tof] a]nf b]zdf
gofF ;/sf/sf] vf]hL e}/x]sf]
lyof] .
k"j{ k|zf;sx?nfO{
klg dGqL agfpg] rrf{ lyof] .
/x/nfUbf k"j{ k|zf;s l3ld/]sf]
rrf{ gx'g] t s'/} ePg . To;}
d];f]df l3ld/]n] e}/j dlGb/ bz{g
u/]/ ‘x] e}/j afaf dnfO{
cfzLjf{b lbg';’ eGb} k'sf/f
u/]sf lyP . pgn] cfkm" dGqL
eP e}/j afafsf] ;]jf ug]{ efsn
;d]t u/]sf lyP . af]sf, /fFuf],
s'v'/f jf k/]jf Nofpg] efsn
lyPg pgsf] . g t k~rjnL g}
r9fpg] eg]sf lyP . pgn] t
‘gub bfg’ sf] efsn u/]sf
lyP .
e}/j afafn] l3ld/]sf]
s'/f ;'g]–u[x Pj+ k//fi6« dGqL
kSsf ef] . l3ld/] klg jrgsf
kSsf lg:s] . e}/j afafsf]
cfzLjf{b e'n]gg pgn] . efsn
cg';f/ e}/j afafsf] kfpdf !
s/f]8 6qmofO5f8] . e}/j:yfgsf]
ljsf;sf nflu ah]6 efif0fd} !
s/f]8 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 3f]if0ff
ul/of] . l3ld/] o;sf k|d'v
;"qwf/ lyP .
l3ld/] ;ftfcl3
dlGqkl/ifb cWoIf lvn/fh
/]UdL;Fu;+u} klxnf] k6s dGqLsf]
x}l;otdf u[xlhNnf cfPsf
lyP . pgL x'lQP/ e}/j:yfg
k'u] . ToxfF pgn] dgUo] ;do
vr]{ . /ftL cj]/;Dd pgL /
e}/j afafaLr ‘cfef/ jftf{’
rNof] . l3ld/]n] e}/j afafnfO{
cfef/ k|s6 u/], e}/j afafn]
l3ld/]nfO{ . s8f ;'/Iff
3]/faLr rn]sf] of] jftf{ w]/}n]
kQf] kfPgg . t/ l3ld/]n]
cfkm" lgs6sf s]xL ldqhgnfO{
;'gfP–‘;fFlRr e}/j afafs}
cfzLjf{bn] d cfh of] :yfgdf
k'u]sf] x'F .’
e}/j:yfg dlGb/sf]
lh0ff]{4f/, kfs{ lgdf{0f, x]lnKof8
lgdf{0f, vfg]kfgL, ;8s, lj>fd
:yn, wd{zfnf nufot zLif{sdf
ah]6 vr{ x'g] atfOPsf] 5 .
l3ld/] cfkm}n] :ynut cWoog
u/]/ sxfF s] s] ug]{ eGg] ;d]t
‘cfO{l8of’ lbPsf a'lemPsf] 5 .
u[xdGqLnfO{ e}/j:yfgsf] cfzLjf{b
pDd]bjf/ agfPsf] 5 . u'NdL
lhNnfsf] xld{rf}/df hlGdPsf
e§/fO{ b'O{ bzsb]lv kfNkfdf
lqmofzLn kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf
5g .
sf7df8f}+af6 k|sflzt
x'Fb} cfPsf] b[li6 ;fKtflxssf
;Dkfbs zDe' >]i7nfO{ g]skf
Pdfn] kfNkf If]q g+= # n] k|ToIftkm{
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . b'O{ bzsb]lv
kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf >]i7sf] klqsf
b[li6 klg Pdfn]lgs6 dflgG5 .
kqsfl/tfdf ‘l;lgo/’sf] >]0fLdf
kg]{ >]i7 k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnsf]
;b:o;d]t eO;s]sf 5g .
kfNkfsf cu|h kqsf/ ufpFn]
b]p/fnL ;fKtflxssf ;Dkfbs
d]3/fh zdf{nfO{ g]skf Pdfn]n]
;dfg'kfltstkm{sf] pDd]bjf/
agfPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf] csf]{
;fKtflxs kfNkf 6fOD;sf
;Dkfbs emk]Gb| ulx/]klg g]kfnL
sf+u|]; kfNkfaf6 ;dfg'kfltssf]
l;kmfl/;df k/]sf 5g .
l;kmfl/;df k/]sf
kfFrdWo] Pdfcf]jfbLsf g]q kf08]dfq
a9L /fhgLlt1 / sd kqsf/sf
?kdf kl/ro agfPsf JolQm
x'g . pgLafx]s afFsL rf/}hgf
lhNnfsf] kqsfl/tfdf cu|hsf]
>]0fLdf k5{g . Pdfn]sf zDe'
>]i7 Pdfn]lgs6 k|]; rf}tf/Lsf]
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf;d]t eO;s]sf JolQm
x'g . o;afx]s ufpFn] b]p/fnLsf
;Dkfbs zdf{ / kfNkf 6fOD;sf
;Dkfbs ulx/] g]kfn kqsf/
dxf;+3 kfNkfsf] ;efklt eO;s]sf
x'g . zdf{n] k|]; :jtGqtf
;]gfgLsf] ;Ddfg;d]t kfO;s]sf
5g . b'j} clxn] dxf;+3 kfNkfsf
;Nnfxsf/x? x'g . gjhgr]tgf
b}lgssf ;Dkfbs e§/fO{ sf+u|];lgs6
g]kfn k|]; o'lgogsf lhNnf ;efklt
eO;s]sf JolQm x'g . pgL cl3Nnf]
;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf klg u'NdL
sf+u|];sf ;dfg'kflts pDd]bjf/ lyP .
kfNkfsf kfFr===

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
>L d]6n pBf]u>L d]6n pBf]u
k|f]= xl/s[i0f s];L -sfsL{_k|f]= xl/s[i0f s];L -sfsL{_
tfg;]g–!), kfNkftfg;]g–!), kfNkf
xfd|f ;]jfx¿M cfNd'lgodsf ‰ofn 9f]sf clkm; 8]sf]/]zg ;fy} cGo sfd k/]df t'–;Dks{ ug'{xf]; .xfd|f ;]jfx¿M cfNd'lgodsf ‰ofn 9f]sf clkm; 8]sf]/]zg ;fy} cGo sfd k/]df t'–;Dks{ ug'{xf]; .
Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf] Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxt kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt x'g nfu]sf]
dgsfdgf xf]6ndgsfdgf xf]6n
k|f]= s]z s'df/k|f]= s]z s'df/
xf]nfËbL, tfg;]g, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–%@!*%)xf]nfËbL, tfg;]g, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–%@!*%)
vfg, a:g / sf/ a; -/fgLdxn :t/Lo ;]jf_ l/hj{sf] nflu ;Demg'xf]; .vfg, a:g / sf/ a; -/fgLdxn :t/Lo ;]jf_ l/hj{sf] nflu ;Demg'xf]; .
g]klnh o'gfO6]8 xf]6ng]klnh o'gfO6]8 xf]6n
k|f]= u0f]zaxfb'/ af]x/fk|f]= u0f]zaxfb'/ af]x/f
;'Gwf/f sf7df8f}+ g]kfn kmf]g M (*%!)*&&^(;'Gwf/f sf7df8f}+ g]kfn kmf]g M (*%!)*&&^(
xfd|f ;]jfx¿M :jR5 ;kmf vfgf tyf cf/fdbfoL af;sf] ;fy} ljb]z hfg]sf nflu xjfO l6s6 sf6g' k/]sf xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf]; .xfd|f ;]jfx¿M :jR5 ;kmf vfgf tyf cf/fdbfoL af;sf] ;fy} ljb]z hfg]sf nflu xjfO l6s6 sf6g' k/]sf xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf]; .
k|f]= zDe' 9'+ufgfk|f]= zDe' 9'+ufgf
lrt'{Ëwf/f–*, lrnfËbL, kfNkf kmf]g M (*%&)^)*($lrt'{Ëwf/f–*, lrnfËbL, kfNkf kmf]g M (*%&)^)*($
lglvn a]sl/hlglvn a]sl/h
k|f]= g]qnfn >]i7k|f]= g]qnfn >]i7
/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/ kfNkf/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/ kfNkf
dgsfdgf km]G;Ldgsfdgf km]G;L
Propiter : Shushil DhunganaPropiter : Shushil Dhungana
Rampur, PalpaRampur, Palpa
Perfect Computer InstitutePerfect Computer Institute
lai6 9'jfgL ;]jflai6 9'jfgL ;]jf
s[i0faxfb'/ lai6s[i0faxfb'/ lai6
k|f]k|fO6/k|f]k|fO6/
tfg;]g–!!, afx'g6f]n, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–%@@)!!, (*$&!)#%!(tfg;]g–!!, afx'g6f]n, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–%@@)!!, (*$&!)#%!(
xfdLsxfF 9'Ëf afn'jf, O{6f, 58, l;d]G6, nufotxfdLsxfF 9'Ëf afn'jf, O{6f, 58, l;d]G6, nufot
lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;'ky d"Nodf kfOG5 .lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;'ky d"Nodf kfOG5 .
>Lgu/ Doflhs Pj+ df]afO{n xfp;>Lgu/ Doflhs Pj+ df]afO{n xfp;
k|f]= v'daxfb'/ d>fËLk|f]= v'daxfb'/ d>fËL
;xsf/L ky, /fdk'/, kfNkf;xsf/L ky, /fdk'/, kfNkf
/]d08 6]n;{/]d08 6]n;{
k|f]= s[i0faxfb'/ bhL{k|f]= s[i0faxfb'/ bhL{
/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/, kfNkf/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/, kfNkf

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
czf]s >]i7czf]s >]i7
>]i7 On]lS6«sN;>]i7 On]lS6«sN;
uf]ljGbk|;fb b]jsf]6fuf]ljGbk|;fb b]jsf]6f
u08sL Kofno Pj+ Unf; xfp;u08sL Kofno Pj+ Unf; xfp;
n]vgfy e§/fO{n]vgfy e§/fO{
zfvf k|aGwszfvf k|aGws
zfvf sfof{no , /fdk'/, kfNkfzfvf sfof{no , /fdk'/, kfNkf
ul/df ljsf; a}+s ln=ul/df ljsf; a}+s ln=
k|f]= ;'o{ vgfn, bLkf vgfnk|f]= ;'o{ vgfn, bLkf vgfn
;"of]{bo km]G;L;"of]{bo km]G;L
lbnaxfb'/ bnf{dLlbnaxfb'/ bnf{dL
tf/f xf]6]n P08 nhtf/f xf]6]n P08 nh
e}/j d]l8sn xne}/j d]l8sn xn
O{Zj/Lk|;fb la=;L=O{Zj/Lk|;fb la=;L=
/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–$)))@!/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–$)))@!
n'lDagL k':ts k;nn'lDagL k':ts k;n
k|f]= slkn a:tfsf]6Lk|f]= slkn a:tfsf]6L
rGb|;"o{ xf8{j]o/rGb|;"o{ xf8{j]o/
k|f]= dw';'bg e§/fO{k|f]= dw';'bg e§/fO{
la/axfb'/ ;f¿la/axfb'/ ;f¿
zfvf k|aGwszfvf k|aGws
zfvf sfof{no, /fdk'/, kfNkfzfvf sfof{no, /fdk'/, kfNkf
klZrdf~rn 8]enkd06 a}+s ln=klZrdf~rn 8]enkd06 a}+s ln=
/fdk'/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=/fdk'/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=
e"klt kf08]oe"klt kf08]o
Joj:yfksJoj:yfks
ch'{gk|;fb >]i7ch'{gk|;fb >]i7
/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–$))$*)/fdk'/–$, a]emf8ahf/, kfNkf kmf]g M )&%–$))$*)
dgsfdgf c6f] jS;{ -ahfh zf]¿d_dgsfdgf c6f] jS;{ -ahfh zf]¿d_

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
;DkfbsLo;DkfbsLo
cfd gful/ssf] ;d[l4, nf]s–
sNof0fsf/L /fHo–Joj:yf, Gofo
tyf ;dfgtf k|To]s ;dfh / b]zsf]
/x]sf] kfOG5 . log} ljifodf
y'k|} ‘jfb’ 5g / k|To]sdf ljjfb
5g . /fhgLlts ;f]r tyf k|0ffnL
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/fi6«sf] ¿kdf pbo x'g'n] g]kfnsf]
/fi6«lgdf{0fdf k|ToIf k|efj kf5{ eGg]
:ki6 5 . t/ xfdLx¿ clxn] klg
/fhf dx]Gb| / hjfx/nfn g]x¿sf]
kfnfsf] rLg / ef/tsf] ;DaGwnfO{
c6n dfg]/ /fi6«lgdf{0f ug{
vf]lh/x]sf 5f}F . of] s'/f /fhgLlts
¿kn] ck|f;+lus / cJofjxfl/s x'G5
elg/fVg' kb}{g .
cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLlts
;DaGwdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfpg'sf]
;fy} nf]stGq, dfgjclwsf/, tyf
nf]sftflGqs clwsf/x¿df klg
u'0ffTds kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .
clxn]sf] /fi6« lgdf{0f dfgjclwsf/,
jftfj/0fLo rf;f], nf]stGq,
hg;xeflutf oL ;a}nfO{ a]Un}
sf]0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ug'{ kg]{
x'G5 . To;dfly ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/
k|ljlwn] dfgj hLjgsf x/]s kIfdf
NofO/x]sf] kl/jt{gn] /fi6«lgdf{0fsf]
cjwf/0fdf g} cfd"n kl/jt{g NofpFb}
5 . /fi6« lgdf{0fdf Kof/f8fOd
l;km6 ePsf] 5 . gofF Kof/f8fOd
aGb}5 . gofF Kof/f8fOd ;"rgf
tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t 5 .
;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] cy{ xf]
v'nfkg, kx'Fr, sg]lS6le6L, g]6jls{ª,
nf]stGqLs/0f, ljs]Gb|Ls/0f .
g]kfndf /fi6«lgdf{0fdf
h'g vfnsf] df]8]nsf] ax; eO/x]sf]
5 Tof] k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] PsLs/0f
ug'{ eGbf klxn]sf] df]8]n xf] . h'g
s'/f ca Jojxf/df ;Dej 5}g .
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf] lel8of] agfof]
eg] To;nfO{ pN6fP/ x]bf{ b]Vg
;lsPnf . g]kfndf ;o hgfdf
c;L hgfsf] xftdf df]afOnkmf]g
k'lu;s]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] s'g} efudf
g]kfnLn] b'Mv kfof] eg] tTsfn} Tof]
va/ g]kfnLsf] 3/3/df k'Ug ;Sg]
cj:yfsf] l;h{gf eO;s]sf] 5 .
;"rgf k|ljlwn] ubf{ ljZj sg]S6]8
5 . b"/L eGg] s'/f ;dfKt eO;s]sf]
5 . s'g} klg :yfgLo 36gf tTsfn}
cGt/f{li6«o aG5 . /fli6«otfsf] ca
s'g} cy{ 5}g . b]zsf ;Ldfgf
d]l6O;s]sf 5g . dflg; 3/df
a;]/ ljZjsf] s'g} efusf] sfd
ul//x]sf] x'g ;S5 . clk|msfsf 3gf
h+undf a;]/ cd]l/sfsf] a}Fs n'6g
jf o'/f]kdf cft+s dRrfpg ;S5 .
ef/t, rLg / ljZjsf ljleGg
d'n'ssf s/f]8f}F dflg;x¿ cfkmg}
ufpF, 3/, ;x/df a;]/ cd]l/sf,
o'/f]k / hfkfgh:tf cly{s ¿kn]
ljsl;t b]zsf 7"nf sDkgLx¿sf]
nflu sfd ul//xsf 5g . t/
g]kfnsf] lj8Dagf xfdL ef}lts ¿kn]
g} ofqf u/]/ ;DalGwt b]zdf uP/
zf/Ll/s >d a]Rg' kl//x]sf] 5 .
;"rgf k|ljlw, vf; u/L df]afOn
kmf]gn] dflg; JolQmnfO{ olt
zlQmzfnL agfPsf] 5 ls p;n] ca
cfkmgf] lg0f{o ug{ c¿sf] d'v tfSg'
kb}{g . dflg; olt zlQmzfnL klxn]
slxNo} ePsf] lyPg . ;"rgf k|ljlwn]
x/]s JolQm, ;dfh, ufpF, ;x/nfO{
l;+uf] /fHosf] zlQm lbg;Sg] cj:yf
5 t/ xfdL k[YjLgf/fo0fsfnLg
/fHosf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}F .
o;}n] ca /fi6«lgdf{0fsf] gofF df]8]n
cfjZos ePsf] xf] . ca v]nsf gofF
lgodx¿ cfPsf 5g . t/ g]tfx¿n]
of] s'/f a'em]sf 5}gg . pgLx¿ v]nsf
k'/fg} lgoddf cEo:t 5g . kf6L{x¿
/ g]tfx¿sf] sfd ug]{ tl/sf zlQmsf]
yf]qf] l;F9L xfo/fsL{df cfwfl/t 5 .
cfkm"nfO{ s]Gb| gagfO{ pgLx¿ ;f]Rg}
;Qm}gg . hlt g]tf plt b[li6sf]0f 5 .
xfdL;Fu gofF cf}hf/
/ ;fwgx¿ 5g t}klg xfdL k'/fg}
tl/sfn] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F .
PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] ofqfdf xfdLn]
xfd|f] s'Dnf] s'6'/f] aL;f}F ztfAbLdf
5f8g' k5{ / PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdf
afFRg yfNg' k5{ . ;a} sfd gofF
tl/sfn] ug{ yfNg' k5{ . /fi6«
lgdf{0fsf] gofF df]8]n agfpg' k5{ .
o:tf] df]8]n hf] hg;xeflutf,
nf]stGq, dfgjclwsf/ h:tf df}lns
/fi6«lgdf{0fsf] gofF df]8]n / k|ljlwd"NodfGotfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 .
o;}dfly gofF cf}hf/af6 lgdf{0f ub}{
hfg' k5{ . cfh s;}n] klg o;df
Wofg lbPsf 5}gg . xfdLn] g]zgn
Ph]G8f agfpg] sfddf nfUg' k5{ .
xfdL;Fu g]zgn Ph]G8f 5}g .
xfdL;Fu kf6L{ Ph]G8f 5g . xfd|f]
b]zsf] g]zgn Ph]G8f s] xf] eg]/
s;}nfO{ ;f]Wof] eg] s'g} g]tfn] ;xL
hjfkm lbg ;Qm}g .
g]zgnPh]G8fgagfP;Dd
xfdLn] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLdf /fi6« lgdf{0f
ug]{ xfd|f] /0fgLltx¿ agfpg ;Qm}gf}F .
g]zgn Ph]G8fn] nf]stGqsf s]xL
cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿ :ki6 kfg'{ k5{ .
g]zgn Ph]G8f agfpgsf nflu s]xL
cfwf/e"t s'/fx¿df ;a}sf] ;xdlt
x'g' h?/L 5 . h:t} /fhgLlts Joj:yf,
cfly{s k|0ffnL, k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwgsf]
pkof]u, jftfj/0f, ul/aL, :jf:Yo,
lzIff cflb . o:tf ljifodf h'g kf6L{
;Qfdf uP klg ljjfb jf km]/abn
gx'g] u/L lg0f{o x'g' k5{ . t/ g]zgn
Ph]G8fsf] s'/f s;}n] p7fpFb}g .
xfd|f] k|0ffnL xfo/fls{sn / kmo'8n
ePsf]n] ;a} s'/f dflyaf6 cfpF5 .
g]t[Œjaf6 cfpF5 . clxn]sf] hdfgfdf
g]t[Œj eg]sf] ;'Joj:yfkg xf], zf;g
xf]Og . ca ;a} s'/f tnaf6 cfpg'
k5{ dflyaf6 xf]Og . nf]stGq
eg]sf] oxL xf] . dflyaf6 cfPsf
s'/fsf] dxŒj x'Fb}g . Psflt/ xfdL
nf]stGqsf] s'/f u5f}F t/ csf]{lt/
xfd|f kf6L{x¿df nf]stGq 5}g . o;}n]
/fi6«lgdf{0fsf]] klxnf] sfd g]zgn
Ph]G8fdf ;xdlt vf]Hg] x'g'k5{ .
/fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu nflu k|ljlw 7"nf]
cf}hf/ x'g;S5 . vf; u/L ;"rgf
tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlw . ;"rgf k|ljlwn]
v'nfkg, kf/blz{tf Nofpg ;S5 .
kf/blz{tfn] e|i6frf/ 36fpF5,
lhDd]jf/L a9fpF5 . lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s
sfd eof] eg] nf]stGq alnof] x'
G5 . of] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ cf}hf/
xf] . /fi6«lgdf{0fdf o;nfO{ dxŒjk"0f{
cf}hf/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;S5f}F .
wGojfb . -n]vs /fli6«o ;"rgf
cfof]usf k"j{ k|d'vcfo'Qm x'g_
s?jf kfNkfdf aGb5 .
cGoq klg aGb5 t/ kfNkfnL s?jf
b]z ljb]z k|l;4 5 . s'l6/ pBf]udf
bh{ kfNkfnL s?jfsf] ahf/ k|z:t 5
t/ Joj:yfkg 5}g . hghgsf] dfof
t kfPsf] 5 t/ ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u
kfPsf] 5}g . k|r'/ ;Defjgf af]s]/
klg kfNkfnL s?jf nf]kf]Gd'v 5 .
dgL / hggLsf] k|jfx gu/L o;sf]
cl:tTj wflg/x]sf tfg;]g 6S;f/sf
sd{of]uL lbbLalxgL bfh'efOx¿nfO{
d]/f] ;nfd 5 . s?jfsf] zflAbs
cy{ / P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf af/]df d
Tolt lj1 xf]Og . o;sf] efjgfTds
;DaGwn] eg] dnfO{ ;w}+ cfslif{t
u/fO/xG5 . ef}lts t/ efjgfsf]
vfgL xf] s?jf . s]xL s?jf d;Fu
klg 5g . k|fKt u/]sf . d}n] klg P]g
df}sfdf k|bfg ljt/0f / x:tfGt/0f
u/]sf] 5' . k'/:sf/ ;Ddfg /
dfofsf] lrgf] :j¿k . vf]kfdf
xf]; jf b/fhdf o;n] s;}sf] dfof
k|]d bzf{O/x]sf] x'G5 . ;fx; /
k|ltefsf] sb/ ub{5 . zfg, zf}st /
;'Gb/tfsf] k|tLs klg xf] s?jf .
s?jf ca 5flkg] eP5
– xKtfdf b'O{k6s . kfNkfdf ;lqmo
s]xL kqsf/ ;fyLx¿sf] of] k|of;n]
ddf xif{sf] ;+rf/ ePsf] 5 . To;sf
sf/0fx¿ 5g . d :jo+ kfNkfnL
kqsf/ lyPF s'g}a]nf – To;}n] . gofF
gofF k|of]u / gofF gofF vf]hn] dnfO{
pT;fxL agfpF5 – To;}n] . of] l6ddf
d]/f cfTdLo / cGt/· ;fyLx¿
x'g'x'G5 – To;}n] . ;fyLx¿leq
ljrf/sf] ljljwtf 5 / vf]hsf]
tTk/tf 5 – To;}n] . Jojxf/d}
lgikIf o;sf] gf/f 5 – To;}n] .
cfkmgf] ofqfsf qmddf
o; l6dn] cfkmg} k|lta4tfk|lt
slQsf] v/f] pQg ;S5 Tof]
k|ltIffs} ljifo 5 . ;+;f/ ljZjf;df
c8]sf] 5 . cfzf u/f}+ kf7ssf]
ljZjf;df s'7f/f3ft x'g] 5}g .
kqsfl/tfdf Jojxfl/s lgikIftf
cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] / lgikIftf
kqsfl/tfsf] :jefljs s'/f klg .
lgikIftf lagfsf] kqsfl/tf ckf·
x'G5 . o:tf] kqsfl/tfn] lbuf] ofqf
ug{ ;Sb}g / uGtJodf k'Ug ;Sb}g .
lgikIf eGg] gf/f nf]slk|o 5 .
k|foM ;a} klqsfn] cfkm"nfO{ lgikIf
eG5g . Jojxf/df To:tf] b]lvFb}g .
;w}+ Ps kIfsf] u'0fufg / k[i7kf]if0f
u5{g . lgikIf eg]sf] Ps kIf dfq
t x'Fb} xf]Og . slxn] b'j} / slxn]
ljljw kIf xf] . s?jfsf n]vs
kqsf/ / ;Dkfbs d08n o;
ljifodf ;a}+ cAan 7xl/g' x'g]5 eGg]
d]/f] ljZjf; 5 . ;dfhdf ;w}+ b'O{
jf Tof]eGbf a9L kIfx¿ x'G5g . s'g}
klg kIf b'wn] g'xfPsf rf]vf x'Fb}gg .
b'j}tkm{ afh / k/]jfx¿ e]6g
;lsG5 . km/s olQ xf] Pp6f kIfdf
k/]jf w]/} x'G5g csf]{df afh .
dxfef/tsf] o'4df sf}/jsf] kIfaf6
n8]df eLid lktfdx jf0fsf] lgzfgf
ch'{gdfly nufpFb} ch'{gs} ;kmntfsf]
sfdgf ub{y] . s[i0f :jo+ s;}sf]
kIf glng arga4 lyP t/ s[i0fs}
sf/0f kf08jx¿n] o'4 lht]sf
lyP . kIf, ljkIf / lgikIfsf] of] >[ª
vnf zfob o;}u/L cufl8 al9/xG5
cfufdL nfvf}+ s/f]8f}+ jif{;Dd klg .
;fdfGo cy{df klqsfsf x/]s s'/f
;To tYo / lgikIf x'g'kg]{ xf] .
Jojxf/df 7ofSs} To:tf] kfpg
sl7g 5 . cd]l/sfsf k"j{ /fi6«klt
yf]d; h]km;{gn] w]/} cufl8 eg]sf
lyP ‘klqsfsf] ;a}eGbf ljZj;gLo
kIf eg]sf] lj1fkg xf] .’ g]kfnsf
;Gbe{df t of] egfO klg d]n
vfFb}g . oxfF t lj1fkgdf ;d]t
ljZjf; x/fPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
lgikIf kqsfl/tfsf] cfzf ug'{ /
ljZjf; lbnfpg' b'j} sl7g sfo{
x'g . Jojxf/d} lgikIf gf/f ;lxtsf]
Joj;flos kqsf/x¿sf] l6dn]
klqsf ;'? u/]sf] xf] . ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
sld6d]G6 eg]sf] kf]lnl6sn bfu
nfUg lbOg] 5}g . ;fyL 6]sgf/fo0f
e§/fO{n] n]v n]Vg cfu|x ub}{ k7fPsf]
Dof;]h n]Vg' ePsf] lyof] . olta]nf
d h]km;{gnfO{ sd / 6]sgf/fo0fnfO{
a9L ljZjf; ug{ rfxG5' .
kfNkfdf a;]/ d}n] afx|
jif{ kqsfl/tf u/]+ . kfNkf 5f8]sf]
^ jif{ eof] . ;do ablnof] ;Gbe{
ablnof] t/ ;d:of Ho"F sf To"F b]V5' .
kSs} klg Ps nfOg 6]lnkmf]gsf nflu
kqsf/x¿n] cfGbf]ng ug{ kb}{g
cfh . kmf]g gePsf ;+rf/sdL{nfO{
dfq df]jfOn l;dsf] l;kmfl/; ug{
kb}{g kqsf/ dxf;+3n] . ;f]daf/
5flkg] klqsfsf nflu zlgaf/sf]
/fqLa; r9]/ lrtjg xflGgg' kb}{g
cfh . k};fn] lsGg] j:t' / ;]jfx¿
glhs / ;xh ePsf 5g . t/
kqsf/sf] kl;gfn] cem} klg plrt
d"No / :yfg kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
>dsf] oy]i6 Hofnf kqsf/x¿n]
klg kfpg] lbg slxn] cfpnf
< kqsf/sf dflnsx¿n] klxn]
sDKo'6/, lk|G6/ / :Sofg/ clgdfq
n]vs ;+jfbbftfx¿nfO{ dfof ug]{
k|j[lQ cem} slt rln/xnf < Pp6f
PkmPddf cfwf 306f lg/Gt/ af]Ng]
;+rf/sdL{n] af]Nbf vr{ ePsf]
Sofnf]/Lsf] dfq} zf]wegf{ klg cem}
lsg kfO/x]sf] 5}g < klxnf dfG5]
/ p;sf] lbdfunfO{ k"hf ug]{ clg
d]lzg k'5g] dflnssf] cfjZostf
5 xfdLsxfF . hf]Tg hfg] uf]?
/ xnLnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxnf vfg
lbg' k5{ eGg] r]tgf cgsG6f/
ufpFsf] cgk9 ls;fg;Fu klg
5 . ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] gLlt /
lylt ldnfpg Wofg glbPs} sf/0f
b]zsf o'jf sRrf dfn ag]/ ljb]z
vkt eO/x]sf 5g . kqsf/x¿ t
km8s] lsgf/fsf ;fIfL dfq x'g .
s?jf cw{;fKtflxsnfO{
z'esfdgfsf oL zAbu'R5f pGb}
ubf{ d}n] p7fPsf] kqsf/x¿s}
;d:ofsf k|;· s]jn k|;·sf nflu
xf]Og . oxfF d}n] kqsf/ ;fyLx¿
/ ;Dkfbs d08nnfO{ ;r]t klg
agfpg vf]h]sf] x'F . lxhf]sf
klqsfx¿ To;/L rn] xfdLn] o;/L
rnfpFnf eg]/ ;f]emf] lx;fan]
casf klqsfx¿ rNb}gg . cfkm"n]
bx|f];Fu 6]Sg ;lsof] eg]dfq
n/v/fPsfx¿nfO{ ;xf/f lbg
;lsG5 . xfd|f j/k/ cem} klg
xhf/f}+ ljifo / d'2fx¿ 5/k:6
5g . h;nfO{ p7fg / a}7fg
ug{ afFsL g} 5 . x/]s ;d:ofsf
pk/ cfj]z, cfj]u, cfu|x /
k"jf{u|xsf] cfFvf xf]Og cfjZostf
/ 1fgsf] cfFvfn] lgofn]/ dfq
bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfgsf] kxn ug{
;lsG5 . ax; / 5nkmn rnfpg]
lhDdf kqklqsfx¿, /]l8of]x¿,
6]lnlehg / cgnfOgx¿s} xf] .
s?jfsf] pkl:yltn] o; sfof{df
;xof]u k'uf]; . o;sf x/]s
n]vn] hLjg af]n'g . x/]s c+s
ljz]if c+s ag'g . s?jf hLjGt
xf]; / bLuGt xf]; . sfuhsf]
s?jfdfkm{t 1fgsf] h?jf k|jflxt
eO/xf]; . z'esfdgf ¤
-xfn cd]l/sfdf /x]sf n]vs klxn]
kfNkfdf kqsfl/tf uy]{_
1fgsf] h?jf agf]; s?jf
ljgos'df/ s;h"
;tLz rfkfufO{

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
kfNkfsf] gfpF ;'Gg]
lalQs} ;]gsfndf afO;] /fHox?dWo]
zlQmzfnL ;]g /fHo, g]kfn
clw/fHodf ljno ePkl5 klZrd
g]kfnsf] k|efjzfnL k|zf;lgs O{sfO,
;ft ;fnsf] kl/jt{gsf] k"j{ ;GWofb]lv
g} klZrd g]kfnsf] k|d'v lzIff s]Gb|sf]
?kdf /x]sf] kfNkf x/]s g]kfnLsf]
dfg; k6ndf cfpg] u5{ . kfNkfsf]
gfdfs/0fsf] ljifodf O{;f eGbf
@%)) jif{ k"j{b]lv O{=;+= &)) ;Dd
s"df{rndf sTo"/L j+zsf] /fHo /x]sf]
kfOG5 . tL sTo"/L /fHox?sf] ;fd|fHo
l;Ssd x'Fb} g]kfnb]lv sfa'n;Dd
km}lnPsf] lyof] . sTo"/L ;fd|fHoleq
pgLx?sf] dftxtdf y'k|} df08lns
/fhfx? lyP . 5qwf/L sTo"/L ;d|f6n]
cfÇgf] gfpFsf] k5fl8 ‘b]j’ n]Vg] ub{y]
/ df08lns /fhfx?n] cfÇgf] gfdsf]
k5fl8 ‘kfn’ n]Vg] ub{y] . ‘b]j’ /
‘kfn’ 5qwf/L / df08lns /fhfx?sf]
kbjL lyof] . lj/f6 sTo"/L ;fd|fHo
;–;fgf :jtGq /fHodf ljeQm x'g
uPkl5 kfn /fhfx?n] o; e]u;Dd
klg :jtGq /fHo rnfPsf lyP . kl5
kfnx?sf] /fHo klg lj36g ePkl5
of] e]u kfnx?sf] clwgaf6 5'6]sfn]
o; e]unfO{ kfn–kf eGg] ul/of] .
du/ efiffdf ‘kf’ eGgfn] 5'6]sf] eGg]
cy{ cfpF5 . To;}n] kfn /fhfx?sf]
cwLgaf6 5'6]sf] e"ld ePsf]n] o;
7fpFsf] gfpF kfNkf /xg uof] .
lnR5jLx?sf] zf;g / du/x?sf]
/fHo ePsf] o; 7fpFdf kl5 v;
/fHosf] :yfkgf clg kGw|f} ztfAbLsf]
pQ/f4{df cfP/ v; /fHosf] lj36g
ePkl5 s0ff{nL k|b]zdf afO{;L / u08sL
k|b]zdf rf}aL;L /fHosf] pbo x'g uof] .
rf}aL;L /fHox? dWo]sf] kfNkf klg Ps
zlQmzfnL /fHo lyof] .
P]ltxfl;s ynf]sf] ?kdf
kl/lrt klZrd g]kfnsf] kxf8L lhNnf
kfNkf sTo"/L j+z, kfn j+z, v;,
du/fFt / ;]gj+z To;kl5 ;]gsfnLg
kfNkf /fHo g]kfn clw/fHodf ljno
ePkl5 zfx j+zsf Oltxf;;+u
hf]l8Psf] 5 . oxfFsf y'd, yf]s, sf]6
/ 7fpF 7fpFsf u9Lx?df ;do ;dodf
zf;g ug]{ zf;sx?sf] Oltxf;
sf]l/Psf 5g . oxfFsf d7 dlGb/x?
To;df vfldPsf] snfsf}zn / eJo
/fhk|f;fb / b/af/x? h;df ljleGg
sfnv08sf :yfkTo snf ;d]l6Psf
5g, oL snf sf}zn / :yfkTo snf
oxfFsf P]ltxfl;s / wfld{s w/f]x/
x'g . P]ltxfl;s, ;fF:s[lts / wfld{s
w/f]x/ af]s]sf] kfNkf k|eftsfndf
d7 dlGb/x?df aHg] z+v 306sf
gfb;Fu} AoF"emG5 clg ;GWofsfndf
dlGb/x?df aHg] z+v306sf gfb;Fu}
lgzfsf] ulx/fO{;Fu lgb|fb]jLsf] sfvdf
k'U5 . dfbn'sf] yfk;Fu} ufOg] emfd|],
7"nf] gfFr, sf}/f g[To clg afnL, afn'g,
8fkmf ehg, tLh, e}nf] cflb kfNkfsf
;fF:s[lts cfofdx? x'g . v; /fHosf]
lj:tf/;Fu} k"j{lt/ ;b}{ cfPsf] ;+:s[lt,
oxfFsf /}yfg] du/x?sf] ;+:s[lt,
;]gsfndf /fhk'tfgfaf6 ;]gx?n]
leœofPsf /fhk'tfgf ;+:s[lt / /fHo
lj:tf/s} qmddf sf7df08f}+ vfN8f]af6
kfNkf lelqPsf g]jf/L efiff, l/ltl/jfh
;fy} g]jf/L ;F:s[ltx?sf] OGb|wg'ifLo
ldng laGb"sf] ?kdf /x]sf] kfNkf xf] .
of] OGb|wg'ifLo ldngsf]
Pp6f cjoj g]jf/ hflt / pgLx?sf]
;+:s[lt xf] . g]jf/ hfltsf] cfudg;Fu}
g]jf/L ;F:s[lt klg o; e]udf lelqPsf]
kfOG5 . sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]af6 g]jf/x?
kfNkfdf cfpg] qmd ;]g sfnb]lv g}
ePsf] kfOG5 . efiff j+zfjnLdf pNn]v
eP cg';f/ g]kfn ;Djt ^@@ lt/
/Tg dNnsf] kfnfdf s's' gfdsf ef]6]
b]jfg cflb ef]6]x? w]/} cfO{ b'Mv lbFbf ;]g
/fhfsf u'? lt/f]xltof rf/ a|fÞd0fx?nfO{
kfNkf k7fO{ ;]g /fhfx?;Fu ;}lgs
;xof]u lnO{ ef]6]x?nfO{ df/]sf] pNn]v
5 . o; k|;+un] sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]sf
dNn /fhfx? / kfNkfsf ;]g /fhfx?sf]
;DaGw /fd|f] ePsf] b]lvG5 . Tolt a]nf
g} g]jf/x? Jofkf/ Joj;fo / lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] nflu kfNkf cfPsf lyP eGg]
s'/f k'/fgf] kfNkf xfnsf] kfNkf lhNnfsf]
e}/j:yfg uf=lj=;= / ;]/f]km]/f]df b]lvg]
g]jf/L z}nLsf 3/ / 3/sf emofn 9f]sf,
yfdx?df s'lbPsf sfi7snfsf a]hf]8
gd"gf ;fy} g]jf/L ;F:s[lt, l/lt–l/jfh,
e]ife"iff, vfgkfgn] k'li6 ub{5 . g]jf/
eGg] lalQs} ldng;f/, ldlxg]tL / ;/n
ldhf;sfhfltsf]ememNsf]dfg;k6ndf
cfpg] u5{ . b]Vbf km/fl;nf / xFl;nf
b]lvg] g]jf/x? ldlxg]tL / ldng;f/
klg plQ g} x'G5g . g]jf/x?sf] pb
ud :yn sf7df08f}+ vfN8f] xf] . t/
g]jf/x? g]kfnsf] ljleGg 7fpF nufot
l;lSsd, bflh{ln·, e'6fg, cf;fd, adf{
cflb 7fpFx?df cfkmg} df}lns klxrfg
af]sL k'vf}{b]lv a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf 5g .
g]jf/x? dlGb/sf 6'F8fnx?df e]l6G5g,
8fkmf ehgdf e]l6G5g, xl6ofdf
e]l6G5g, a]nljjfxdf e]l6G5g, lwd]
afhfsf] gfb;Fu} e]l6G5g . hfqf kj{x?df
e]l6G5g . o;/L cfÇgf] df}lns ;+:s[ltnfO{
HoF" sf ToF" /fvL cfÇgf] klxrfgnfO{ sfod
/fVb} sf7df8f}+ vfN8f]af6 Tolt a]nf
oftfoftdf ;'ljwf gx'Fbf klg vf]nfgfnf
t/L 8fF8f–sfF8f l5rf]Nb} g]kfnsf ljleGg
7fpFdf s;/L k'u] xf]nfg lh1f;f p7g
;Sb5 . Tof] a]nf ljleGg k|lts"ntfsf]
afjh"b klg oL g]jf/x? b]zsf ljleGg
7fpFdf k'uL cfÇgf] snf sf}zn, ;+:s[lt,
l/lt–l/jfh, efiff, e]ifnfO{ HoF" sf To"F /fVb}
cfpg' dfs]{an s'/f xf] .
;+:s[tdf ‘;d’ pk;u{
k"j{s ‘s[ wft'af6 ‘lStg’ k|Too nfu]/
‘;+:s[lt’ zAb ag]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{
‘e"if0fe"t ;Dos s[lt’ cyf{t ‘e"if0fo'Qm
;Dos -plrt_ s[ltx? clg r]i6f’ xf]
eg] csf]{ cy{df k/Dk/fut cg':o"t
-ufFl;Psf]_ ;+:sf/ eGg] af]w x'G5 .
;fwf/0ftof l;+ufg'{, cn+s[t ug'{, ;]jf
ug'{, lzlIft kfg'{, z'4 kl/dfh{g ug'{,
;+lrt ug'{ cflb ;+:s[lt xf] . c+u|]hL
efiffdf ;+:s[ltnfO{ ‘sNr/’ zAb k|of]u
ul/G5 . of] zAb Nofl6g efiffsf]
‘sN6d’ zAb af6 cfPsf] xf] . h;sf]
cy{ ‘e"ldnfO{ hf]Tg'’, ‘s[lifsd{’ eGg] af]w
x'G5 . c+u|]hLdf o;};Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] zAb
‘Plu|sNr/’, ‘xl6{sNr/’ cflb /x]sf
5g . sfnfGt/df of] zAbsf] cy{
/fd|f] sfdsf] nflu k|of]u x'g yfNof] .
sNr/nfO{ c+u|]hLdf ;+:sf/, kl/isf/,
zf/Ll/s ;'wf/, dfgl;s ljsf;nfO{
cyf{pg] ul/G5 . ;+:s[lt eGgfn] /fi6«
jf /fi6« leqsf hfltsf cfrf/, ljrf/
/ snf sf}zn / af}l4s ljsf; eGg]
a'lemG5 . /fi6«sf] cfly{s cj:yf, g}lts
k/Dk/f tyf 1fg Pjd snf cflb
cfj/0f kIfnfO ;Eotf elgG5 eg]
To;sf] cGt/laGb" jf u'bL ;+:s[lt x]f .
/fi6«sf] klxrfg af·fl6·f cj:yfsf]
jf ;'ne / ;'ljwf k"0f{ ;Ldf /]vfdf
afFlwPsf] klg x'g ;S5 t/ ;+:s[lt
lxhf]sf] 36gfrqm, cfhsf] kl/j]z
clg ef]lnsf] laxfgL;Fu ;fl6Psf]
x'G5 . /fi6«sf] ;Ldf/]vf ablng
;S5, zf;sLo :j?k km]l/g ;S5 t/
k/Dk/fb]lv rln cfPsf] ;+:s[lt ablng
Tolt ;xh x'Fb}g . bf]>f] ljZjo'4
kZrft v'lDrg' k/]sf] la|l6z ;fd|fHosf]
la|l6z sNr/n] cem} klg ljZjnfO{
un{Dd ufFh]sf] 5 . To;}n] xf]nf o'4
ljh]tfx? ;fF:s[lts ljhonfO{ dxŒj
lbg] u5{g . xfd|f] ;+:s[ltn] w]/} e·fnx?
kf/ ub}{ cfkm"nfO{ kl/dfh{g ub}{ clxn]
g]kfnL ;+:s[lt, g}lts k/Dk/f, 1fg,
snf sf}znsf] ;Da4{g ub}{ oxfF;Dd
kfNkf / ;+:s[ltcfOk'u]sf] 5, Tof] cf]lhnf] kf6f] xf] .
/fi6« lgdf{0fdf ljleGg hfthfltx?sf]
/ut kl;gf h;/L vlr{Psf] 5 To;/L
g} xfd|f] ;+:s[ltdf ljleGg hfthfltx?sf
;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f klg vfldPsf] 5 .
o;}n] xfd|f] ;+:s[lt ;femf eg]/ uf}/j ug]{
7fpF /x]sf] 5 . k/Dk/fb]lv rlncfPsf]
bz}+, ltxf/, g]jf/x?sf df}lns kj{x?
u'gLk'gL -hg}k"l0f{df_, ;fkf?-ufO{hfqf_,
O{xL -a]n;Fu ljjfx_, jfx|f tou' -u'kmf
/fVg]_ clg du/x?sf] d08nL k"hfb]lv
u'?·x?sf] cf]nL;Dd ;fy} dflg;sf
;[hgfTds /rgfx? ;+:sf/, /Lltl/jfh,
njfO vjfO, af]nL rfnL, ;flxTo snf
Pjd ;+uLt cflb h'g OGb|wg'ifLo ldng
5 Tof] g} xfd|f] ;+:s[ltsf] ljz]iftf xf] .
;+:s[ltn] :fdfh / /fHosf] klxrfg
u/fpFb5 . s'''g} :fdfh / /fHosf] >]i7td
pknlAwx? g} ;+:s[lt xf], h;n] ;dfh
/ /fHonfO{ lrgfpg] sfd ub{5 . /fHo
jf /fHo leqsf hfltsf] k/Dk/fut
cfrf/–ljrf/, snf sf}zn / af}l4s
ljsf;sf] k|ltlaDa g} ;+:s[lt xf] . ;+:s[lt
dfgj hfltsf] Tof] /rgf xf] h:n] Ps
csf{nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf NofP/ pgLx?sf
aLr ;f}xfb{sf] efjgf k}bf ub{5 ;fy}
dflg;x?nfO{ Ps cfk;df hf]8g]] /
ldnfpg] sfd ub{5 . ;+:s[lt cfWoflTds
Pjd dfgl;s kmfF6sf] ljsf;sf] ;"rs
xf] . ;+:s[lt cfEoGt/ xf] . o;sf]
;DjGw lgZrog} wfld{s ljZjf;df
x'G5 / of] cfTdfsf] cEo'Tyfgsf] nflu
k|blz{sf xf] . o;n] dflg;sf] cfGtl/s
/ dfgl;s sl7gfOx? dfly sfa"
k|fKt ug{df ;xfos l;4 x'g] ub{5 .
o:tf] cfef aLrsf] >[+vnfsf] s8L xfd|f]
;dfhdf hLjGt /x]sf] 5 . du/fFt
/fHo cGt{ut kg]{ of] e]u du/ efiff,
;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / e]ife"iffdf wgL 5
eg] v; /fHosf] lj:tf/;Fu} o; e]udf
k|j]z u/]sf a|fÞd0f, If]qLx?sf] efiff,
;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh / e]ife"iff hLjGt
/x]sf 5g . ;]gj+zsf] /fHosfndf
tyf kfNkf /fHo g]kfn clw/fHodf
uflePkl5 g]kfn vfN8f]af6 ljleGg
;do / ljleGg sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf
g]jf/x? tfg;]g cfPsf lyP .
ltgLx?n] klg cfÇgf efiff, ;+:s[lt,
/Lltl/jfh / e]ife"iffnfO{ hf]ufO /fv]sf
5g . log} sf/0fn] xf]nf dflg;x?n]
cfÇgf] hLjgnfO{ ;+odk"0f{ tyf ;'/Do
agfpg cg]s ;+:sf/, k|yf, ;+:s[ltx?sf]
;+/rgf, ;+of]hg / ljsf; u/]sf]
kfOG5 . o;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu
dflg;n] bfloTjsf] ?kdf canDag
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+:sf/, k|yf,
;+:s[lt cflb dflg;x?sf] ;[hgfsf]
k|tLs xf] . ;fFRr} eGg'kbf{ ;[hgfsf]
k|ltljDj xf] . dflg;n] cfÇgf]
;[hgfnfO{ lz/f]wfo{ ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . o;sf/0f ;+:sf/, k|yf, ;+:s[lt
hfltx?sf] k|tLsfTds x'g uPsf]
5 . ;fy} p;sf] klxrfg ag]sf] 5 .
-n]vs ;F:s[ltsf cWo]tf x'g_
–lgd{n >]i7
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljZjd}
;jf]{Ts[i6 dflgPsf] k'/:sf/ xf] . h'g
k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf :jL8]gsf ljZj
ljVoft j}1flgs cNk|m]8 gf]a]nn] u/]sf
x'g . gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{ gf]a]n
kmfpG8]zgsf] :yfkgf ;g !())
sf] h'g @( tf/]vdf ePsf] lyof] eg]
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug{ ;g !()!
b]lv yfngL ul/Psf] lyof] .
:jL8]gsf j}1flgs
cNk|m]8 gf]a]nn] cfkmgf] hLjgsfndf
hDdfhDdL tLg;o krkGg j6f
cfljisf/ u/]sf lyP h;dWo]
;g !*^& df u/]sf] 8fogfdO6
ljikmf]6s kbfy{sf] cfljisf/n] ;j{q
txNsf dRrfpg ;kmn eof] .
pgnfO{ lj1fgsf If]qdf x'g] ljWj+zs
zlQmx?sf] af/]df 7"nf] 1fg lyof] .
8fogfdfO6 ljikmf]6s kbfy{sf]
cfljisf/kl5 o;sf] b'?kof]u u/]/
ljWjz dRrfpg yfn]kl5 pgnfO{
cfkmgf] cfljisf/k|lt uj{ nfu]g .
o:tf] unt j:t' cfljisf/ u/]/ d}n]
e"n u/F] ls eGg] cg'e"lt ug{ yfn] .
pgnfO{ cfkmgf] cfljisf/n] ljZjdf
ePsf] zflGt / cdgrog vNalng]
lrGtf eof] . To;kl5 pgn] ckf/
;DklQsf] Ps c+zaf6 Pp6f 6«i6
vf]Ng] ljrf/ u/]/ ;'/lIft /fv] .
pQm /sd :jLl8z s]Gb|Lo l/S;
a}°df /fv] / clxn];Dd klg /flvPsf]
5 . cNk|m]8 gf]a]nn] 6«i6sf] nflu 5'6
ofPsf] pQm /sdsf] Aofhaf6 pgs}
rfxgf cg';f/ ;g !((% df gf]a]n
k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . ;fy}
pQm k'/:sf/ k|To]s jif{ dfgj hfltsf]
lxt / sNof0fsf nflu clåtLo
of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] ljlzi6 JolQm tyf
;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;Ddfgsf] nflu k|bfg
ug{ yflnPsf] xf] .
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|To]s
jif{ b /f]on :jLl8z Psf8]dL ckm
;fOG;];, b :jLl8z Psf8]dL, b
sf/f]lnG:sf OlGi6Ro'6 Pj+ b gj]{lhog
gf]a]n sld6Låf/f k|bfg ug{ yflnof] .
of] ;a} pg} j}1flgs cNk|m]8 gf]a]nsf]
rfxgf adf]lhd ul/Psf] xf] . zflGt,
;flxTo ef}ltszf:q, /zfogzf:q,
lrlsT;fzf:q / cy{zf:qsf If]q,
ljifo tyf ljwfdf pTs[i6 of]ubfg
lbg ;Sg] ;+;f/e/sf hf] sf]xL JolQm
tyf ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ of] k'/:sf/ k|bfg
ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; k'/:sf/sf]
k|zf;sLo lhDd]jf/L gf]a]n kmfpG8]zg
gfds ;+:yfn] k"/f ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . zflGt, ;flxTo ef}ltszf:q,
/zfogzf:q, lrlsT;fzf:q h:tf
ljifo jf ljwfdf ct'ngLo of]ubfg ug]{
JolQm tyf ;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ ;g !()!
b]lv g} of] k'/:sf/ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5
eg] cy{zf:qsf If]qdf cd"No of]ubfg
k'¥ofpg]x?nfO{ To;sf] ^& jif{kl5 dfq
;g !(^* b]lv k|bfg ug{ yflnPsf]
xf] . oL k'/:sf/x? cnucnu
;ldltåf/f k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf]
5 . h;cg'?k b /f]on :jLl8z
Psf8]dL ckm ;fOG;];åf/f ef}ltszf:q,
/;fogzf:q / cy{zf:qsf If]qdf
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]nfO{, b :jLl8z
Psf8]dLåf/f ;flxTosf If]qdf of]ubfg
lbg]nfO{, b sf/f]ln+G:sf OlG:6Ro'6åf/f
lrlsT;fzf:qsf If]qdf of]ubfg
ug]{nfO{ / b gj]{lhog gf]a]n sld6Låf/f
zflGtsf If]qdf of]ubfg lbg]nfO{ k|bfg
ul/G5 . k|To]s k'/:sf/ ljh]tf JolQm
tyf ;+:yfx?nfO{ Pp6f d]8n, Pp6f
l8Knf]df ;l6{lkms]6 / Pp6f df]g]6/L
cjf8{ k|bfg ug]{ kl/kf6L /x]sf] 5 .
k|yd gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tfdWo]
ef}ltszf:qsf If]qdf ljnxd sfg/]8
/f6hg, /zfogzf:qdf h}sfa; Pr
jfg 6L, lrlsT;fzf:qsf If]qdf Oldn
jfg a]xl/+u, ;flxTodf ;'nL k|'wf]d tyf
zflGtsf If]qdf x]g/L 8«gfG6 k|m]8l/s
kf;L x'g . logLx?n] ;g !()! d} of]
k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf lyP . ;g !()!df
k|yd g]fa]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tfsf] k'/sf/sf]
/fzL !,%),&*@ :jLl8z qmf]g/df
lyof] . of] k'/:sf/ :jL8]gsf] /fhwfgL
:s6xf]ddf !) l8;]Da/sf lbg Ps
eJo ;df/f]xsf aLr k|bfg ul/G5 .
cNk|m]8 gf]a]nsf] d[To' ;g !*(^ sf]
l8;]Da/ !) sf lbg ePsf] x'Fbf pgs}
:d[lt lbj; kf/]/ pQm k'/:sf/ k|bfg
ug]{ yfngL ul/Psf] lyof] . xfn;Dd
*)) eGbf a9L JolQm tyf ;+3
;+:yfx?n] of] k'/:sf/ k|fKt ul/;s]sf
5g . k'/:sf/ ljh]tfdWo] $ gf]a]n
k'/:sf/ lng /fHon] cg'dlt lbPsf]
5}g . To;df hd{gLsf zf;s P8f]Nkm
lx6n/n] hd{gLsf tLg hgfnfO{ /
;f]leot o"lgog ;/sf/n] Ps hgfnfO{
k'/:sf/ lng /f]s nufPsf lyP .
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug{ /fHoaf6 /f]s
nufOPsfx?df hd{gLsf l/r8{ sxg
-/;fogzf:q, !(#*_, c8f]Nkm a'6]g+6
-/;fogzf:q, !(#(_ / u/xf8{ 8f]dfUs
-lrlsT;fzf:q, !(#(_ x'g eg] ;f]leot
o"lgogsf af]l/; kf:6/gfs -;flxTo,
!(%*_ x'g . b'O{ gf]a]n k'/:sf/ eg]
JolQm cfkm}n] c:jLsf/ u/]sf x'g . cfkm}
c:jLsf/ ug]{x?df hLg kfn ;f/q]
-;flxTo, !(^$_ / nL 8s yf] -zflGt,
!(&#_ x'g . logLx?df nL 8s yf]n]
leotgfdsf] v/fa l:yltsf sf/0f of]
k'/:sf/ lng c:jLsf/ u/]sf x'g .
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tfx?df ^ j6f
;+3;+:yf jf JolQmn] Ps k6seGbf
w]/} k'/:sf/ lht]sf 5g . logdf b
OG6/g]zgn sld6L ckm b /]8qm;
;f];fO6Ln] tLg k6s;Dd gf]a]n zflGt
k'/:sf/ lht]sf] lyof] . clxn];Dd
#% hgfeGbf a9L dlxnfx?n] klg
of] k'/:sf/ lhlt;s]sf 5g . gf]a]n
k'/:sf/ ljh]tf k|yd dlxnf Dof8d
d]/L So"/L lyOg . pgn] ;g !()#
df ef}ltszf:q ljifoaf6 gf]a]n
k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sL lyOg . ;fy} ;g
!($) / !($@ df låtLo ljZjo'4sf]
jLlelifsfn] ubf{ gf]a]n k'/:sf/ g}
k|bfg ul/Psf] 5}g .
o;/L :jL8]gsf k|l;4
j}1flgs cNk|m]8 gf]a]nn] cfkmg}
gfddf ljZjd} 7"nf] / dxTjk"0f{
dflgPsf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf
u/]/ zflGt, ;flxTo, ef}ltszf:q,
/;fogzf:q, lrlsT;fzf:q /
cy{zf:qsf If]qdf ct'ngLo of]ubfg
lbg ;kmn JolQm tyf ljleGg
;+3;+:yfx?nfO{ pQm k'/:sf/
k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfPsf lyP .
b'ef{Uojz o:tf] dxTjk"0f{ k'/:sf/
xfn;Dd klg s'g} g]kfnLsf] xftdf
kg{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
-n]vs ;~hLjgL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf
;b:o x'g ._
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ Ps kl/ro
zf/bf vgfn

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
cvaf/, /]l8of],
6]lnlehg / lxhf] cfh cgnfOg
nufotsf cfd;+rf/sf] dfWodx?nfO{
pkof]u u/L ;dfrf/Lo d"Nosf
;fdu|L ;+sng pTkfbg ;Dkfbg tyf
k|]if0f ug'{nfO{ kqsfl/tf elgG5 .
kqsfl/tfsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotfaf/]
k|l;4 kqsf/ hf];]km k'lnTh/ eG5g
‘k|]; o:tf] ;+:yf xf] h;n] xd]zf
k|ult / ;'wf/sf] nflu ;+3if{ ul//xg'
k5{ . cGofo / e|i6frf/nfO{ slxNo}
;xg' x'Fb}g . ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf
l;4fGtxLg g]tfx?;Fu h'Wg'k5{ .
cfkm" :jo+ s'g} kf6L{sf] x'g'x'Fb}g .
;dfhsf zf]ifsx?sf] lj/f]w ug'{k5{ .
lgd'vfx?k|lt ;xfg'e"lt slxNo} u'dfpg'
x'Fb}g . ;fj{hlgs lxtsf lglDt ;w}F
k|lta4 x'g'k5{ . va/ 5fk]/ dfq}
;Gt'i6 x'g'x'Fb}g . ;j{bf, ;j{yf :jtGq,
cfTdlge{/ /xg'k5{ . cGofo rfx]
xTof/f ;DkGgtfn] u/]sf] xf]; ls
3fts ljkGgtfn] u/]sf] xf]; s'g} klg
cGofodfly k|xf/ ug{ slxNo} 8/fpg'
x'+b}g’ jf:tjdf kqsfl/tfsf] dd{ / wd{
klg oxL xf] .
clxn] g]kfndf vf; u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf]
kqsfl/tf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . -s_
k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tf -v_ u|fdL0f
kqsfl/tf . k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tfsf]
nlIft ;d"x zx/L / lzlIft ju{
x'G5g eg] ;dfrf/sf] k|fyldstfdf
/fhgLlt, ck/fw, of}g / v]ns'b
x'G5 . ;dfrf/sf] cfwf/ 36gf x'G5
eg] ;dfrf/df k|of]u ul/g] efiff
lSni6 / ;';+:s[t x'G5 . ;dfrf/sf]
k|s[lt h;/L ePklg ;g;gLk"0f{
agfpg] x'G5 . u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfdf
nlIft ;d"x u|fdL0f cw{ lzlIft ;d'bfo
x'G5g . ;dfrf/sf] k|fyldstfdf
ljsf; lgdf{0f, :jf:Yo, s[lif, dfgj
clwsf/, :yfgLo ;/sf/ hgrfxgf
/ ljleGg cfsf+Iff / ljsf;sf ljjfb
x'G5g . ;dfrf/sf] cfwf/ k|lqmof
x'G5 eg] ;dfrf/df k|of]u ul/g]
efiff ;s];Dd ;/n / ufp“n] efiff
k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 . ;dfrf/sf] k|s[lt
;g;gLk"0f{ geO lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ x'G5 .
k/Dk/fut kqsfl/tfeGbf u|fdL0f
kqsfl/tf ug{ sl7g 5 . To;}n]
w]/}sf] Wofg u|fdL0f kqsfl/tftkm{
uPsf] b]lvb}g . s]xL klqsfn] clxn]
u|fdL0f kqsfl/tf ul//x]sf] ePtf klg
pgLx? klg o;nfO{ 5f]8]/ k/Dk/fut
kqsfl/tfdf nfUg] t/v/df 5g .
nf]stGq k|flKtkl5
g]kfndf ;"rgf / 1fgsf dfWodx?
cvaf/ PkmPd /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgsf]
af9L g} cfof]] t/ of] af9L /fhwfgL
/ ;x/x?df dfq ;Lldt /Þof] . gof“
kqklqsf /]l8of] / 6]lnlehg klg ;]jf
eGbf Joj;flos :jfy{sf nflu ;~rfng
x'g yfn]sf 5g . cfd ;~rf/
dfWodx?nfO{ ;dfhsf] ljsf;df
nufpg Wo]o ;]nfO ;s]sf] 5 .
;+rf/sf] of] o'udf Psflt/ ljsl;t
d'n'sx?df a:g] tyf s]xL lzlIft /
;DkGg dflg;x? ;"rgfsf] klx/f]n]
k'l/P/ lg:;fl;g] l:ylt 5 eg] csf]{
lt/ g]kfn h:tf] cNk ljsl;t b]zdf
;"rgfsf] cefjn] u|fdL0f tyf b'u{d
Onfsfdf a:g] ljkGg dflg;x? ;fdfGo
/f]u / To;sf] pkrf/af/];Dd
hfgsf/Lsf] cefjdf bogLo cj:yfdf
afRg afWo 5g .
g]kfnsf b'u{d tyf u|fdL0f
If]q vf; u/L /]l8of] / cvaf/b]lv
kfvf k/]sf hgtfnfO{ ;"rgf / cfd
;~rf/sf] dfWodaf6 ;r]t agfO
pgLx?nfO{ dfgjf]lrt hLjg af“Rgsf]
nflu geO gx'g] hfgsf/L pknAw
u/fpg'sf] ;fy} ufp“sf] ljsf;sf] ult
cufl8a9fpgcfhufp“g} ufp“n] ag]sf]
g]kfndf u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfsf] cToGt}
vf“rf] 5 . u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfsf] nlIft
;d"x ufp“df a:g] ;fIf/ jf lg/If/ ;a}
u|fdL0f hgtf x'g . o;df >dhLjL /
k|d'v ?kdf s[lif k]zfdf nfu]sf ljkGg
tyf pk]lIft ufp“n]x?nfO{ pkof]uL tyf
cfjZos hfgsf/L tyf pgLx?sf]
cfTd ljZjf; a9fpg] ;fdu|L 5flkG5 .
w]/}h;f] 5flkg] s'/fx? ufp“d} ljleGg
Joj;fo u/L a;]sf dflg;x?;“u
k|ToIf 5nkmn u/L tof/ kfl/G5 .
ufp“n]x?nfO{ ;'xfp“bf] cfd ;+rf/sf]
dfWodaf6 ;jn agfpg' pgLx?sf] cfo
;|f]t a9fpg ;3fpg' u|fdL0f hLjgnfO{
ul/dfdo agfpg' / ljsf;sf] ultnfO{
tLa| kfg'{ u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfsf] p2]Zo
xf] .
u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfn] ufp“sf
hgtfnfO{ af]nL lbg] cyf{t pgLx?nfO{
af]Ng ;Sg] agfpg] gj ;fIf/nfO{
k9g k|]l/t ug]{ ufp“n]x?nfO{ u|fdL0f
If]qdf e}/x]sf ljsf; ultljlwaf/]
hfgsf/L u/fpg] ufp“sf ;d:ofx?
;/sf/ / ;DalGwt lgsfodf k'¥ofpg],
nf]stflGqs cEof;nfO{ ;3fpg],
cfo;|f]t a9fpg] ult ljlwx?af6
ufpFn] hgtfnfO{ ;3fpg] pko'Qm gof“
k|ljlwaf/] hfgsf/L lbg], jftfj/0f
;+/If0f / lbuf] ljsf;af/] r]tgf
hufpg], dlxnfx?sf] ljsf; /
;Ddfg ug]{ sfdnfO{ ;3fpg], ufp“sf
k|ltef / ;dfh ;]jLx?nfO{ kl/lrt
/ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, ufp“df ePsf c;n
sfd / ;kmntfsf syfx? k|sflzt
u/L k|f]T;flxt ug'{sf] ;fy} ?l9afbL
s'/fx?nfO{ ufp“n];“u} ldn]/ e08fkmf]/
ug]{ h:tf sfd u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfaf6
x'G5 . u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfn] ljsf; sfo{
tyf c;n ;dGjo / ;Dk{ssf] nflu
ufp“n]x?nfO{ kl/rfng u/]/ ;3fpg
;S5 .
clxn] kfNkfaf6 k|sflzt
ufp“n] b]p/fnL ;fKtflxs, bfªaf6
k|sflzt ufp“3/ / cGo @÷$ j6f
klqsfn] u|fdL0f kqsfl/tf s]xL xb;Dd
ul//x]sf 5g . t/ oL klqsfnfO{
st}af6 s'g} vf; ;xof]u gePsf]n]
aGb x'g] cj:yfdf 5g . u|fdL0f
kqsfl/tf s;}sf] s'g} ;xof]u lagf
cfTdlge{/ x'g g;Sg] clxn] u|fdL0f
kqsfl/tf ul//x]sfx?sf] cg'ej 5 .
;a}n] g]kfndf u|fdL0f kqsfl/tfsf]
cfjZostf dx;'; ub{5g t/ ;xof]u
ug{ t k/} hfcf]; ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{
s'/f;Dd p7fp“b}gg . jf:tjdf u|fdL0f
kqsfl/tf rnfpg] >f]t clxn] ;Dd
xft yfk]/ h'6fOPsf] 5 To;nfO{
lg/Gt/ rnfpg cfjZos >f]t lgdf{0f
ug]{ lt/ vf]hL x'g' cfjZos 5 .
lxhf]cfh cfkmgf] /fd|f
sfdx?nfO{ ;dfhsf] ;fd' b]vfP/
;dfhnfO{ To:t} /fd|f] sfd ug{ k]|l/t
ug]{ / cfkmgf] klg ;dfhdf ljlzi6
:yfg agfpg To:tf sfd ug]{ JolQm jf
;+:yfx?n] cfkmgf sfo{qmdx? b]vfpg
kqsf/x?nfO{ af]nfpg] u5{g . s;}n]
s'g} ljz]if cg';Gwfg u/]sf] xf];,
s;}n] s'g} k':ts} n]v]sf] xf]; jf s'g}
ljifodf cfkmgf] /fo ;fj{hlgs ug{ xf];
kqsf/x?nfO{ af]nfP/ ;fj{hlgs ug]{
rngn] tLa|tf kfp“b} u/]sf] cj:yf
5 . clxn] dfly n]lvPsf afx]s
;/sf/L jf s'g} u}/ ;/sf/L c+usf]
e|i6frf/ tyf nfk/jfxLb]lv lnP/
7"n–7"nf ck/fwx?sf];Dd vf]hLgLtL
ug]{, ;fj{hgls ug]{ / ck/fw sdL{nfO{
;hfo lbnfpg ;3fp k'¥ofpg] h:tf
sfdx? klg kqsfl/tfn] ug]{ ePsf]n]
To:tf v/fj rl/qsfx?n] cfkmgf]
s's[Tosf] kbf{kmf; gu/f]; eg]/ klg
kqsf/sf] dof{bf dfq xf]Og rfs/L /
v';fdb klg ug]{ u5{g . xfd|f] ;dfhdf
kqsfl/tfsf] dof{bf kqsfl/tfn] ug]{
;sf/fTds l;h{gfTds /rgfTds
sfdsf] sf/0fn] eGbf klg cfkmgf]
s's[Tosf] e08fkmf]/ g xf]; tyf cfkmgf
/rgfTds sfdsf] k|rf/af6 cfkm"nfO{
;dfhdf :yfg agfpg ;xof]uL xf];
eGg] p2]Zon] ug]{ ul/G5 . ck/fw
ug]{x? 8/fpg' eg]sf] ;dfhsf] lglDt
;sf/fTds pklAw xf] .
kqsfl/tf;“u a9L
8/fpg] rfxL ck/fwL eGbf klg /fHo
xf] . /fHon] ug]{ cGofo, e|i6frf/ /
clwsf/sf] b'?kof]u ;fj{hlgs ug]{
ePsfn] /fHo kqsf/;“u 8/fp“5 .
ck/fwL kqsf/;“u eGbf k'ln;;“u
a9L 8/fp5 . kqsf/sf] kx'“r klg
xTof lx+;fsf ck/flw;Dd sd} x'G5 .
;km]bkf]; ck/fwL cyf{t /fHooGqdf
sfd ug]{ 3':ofxf sdLzgvf]/ kb /
clwsf/ b'?kof]u ug]{ xflsdx?, of]hgf
k|d'v sxf“ eg] kqsf/sf] kx'“r ;lhn}
x'G5 . To;}n] ;d;fdlos kqsfl/tfdf
lbglbg} h;f] d'n'ssf 7fp“–7fp“df x'“b}
/x]sf] xTof lx+;f ckx/0f lkm/f}tL
dfUg] h:tf ck/fwsf] ;dfrf/ t
cfp5 . To;sf] gfnLafnL cfp“b}gg jf
sd cfp“5 . t/ /fHosf c+ux?af6
ePsf uNtL q'l6 nfk/jfxL jf e|i6frf/
clwsf/ b'?kof]u tyf csd{0otfsf
;dfrf/ eg] a9L cfp“5g . ck/fw
w]/} t JolQmut g} x'G5g . ;d"xut
?kdf eP klg /fHooGqsf] t'ngfdf
guGo eGg' k5{ . /fHo w]/} zlQmzfnL
klg x'G5 / slxn] sf“xL lg/+s'z
Jojxf/ klg gful/s dfly u5{ .
xfd|f] h:tf] ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zdf /fHon]
;a} gful/ssf] ;+/IfsTj ;dfg?kn]
lgefO/x]sf] x'“b}g . /fHon] gful/ssf]
cleefjsTj lng' kg]{df Tof] lng' t
k/} 5 gful/sn] /fHoaf6 glnO{
:jtGq?kdf pkef]u u/L /x]sf]
clwsf/ ;d]t vf]:5 . xfd|f] b]zsf]
jt{dfgsf] ;Gbe{df rf“xL /fHoaf6
gful/s clwsf/sf] j]bvfnLsf]
k[i7e"ldfdf bnx? / ltgsf g]tfx? klg
/x]sf] cj:yf xf] . aGb rSsfhfd
ePdf sf7df8f}+df OGwg, vfBfGg ePg
eg] ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 :sl6ª u/]/ eP
klg cfk"lt{ u5{ t/ b'u{d s0ff{nLdf ef]s
;xg g;s]/, gful/sn] 5f]/f 5f]/L
;lxt vf]nfdf xfd kmfnL cfTd xTof ubf{
;d]t vfBfGg cfk"lt{df ;lqmo x'Gg .
/fHon] h] klg ug{ ;Sg] s'/fsf] Pp6f
pbfx/0f ;af]{Rr cbfnt ;d]taf6
ck/fw k|dfl0ft eP/ ;j{:j ;lxt
hGds}bsf] ;hfo tf]lsPsf km/f/
cleo'Qmsf] ;hfo ldgfxf ug{ xfd|f]
;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]/ /fi6«klt sxf“
k7fPsf] s'/fnfO{ klg lng ;lsG5 .
kqsfl/tfn] o:tfvfn] s'/fx?
;fj{hlgs u/]/ gful/s clwsf/sf]
/Iff ub}{ /fHo oGqnfO{ hyfeflj ug{af6
/f]S5 . /f]Sg] bafa l;h{gf u5{ .
To;}n] kqsfl/tfnfO{ /fHosf] rf}yf]
c+u elgG5 . cfw'lgs /fHo Joj:yfdf
/fHonfO{ Joj:yflksf Gofokflnsf /
sfo{kflnsf u/L tLg c+udf ljeflht
ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;+ljwfg lgod sfg'gn]
oL tLg c+u dWo] s'g} lg/s'+z gxf];
eg]/ zlQm ;Gt'ng ldnfPsf] x'G5 .
of] zlQm ;Gt'ng x'“bf ;d]t /fHooGqsf
s'g} c+un] ug]{ gful/s xs xgg /f]Sg
kqsfl/tfn] cxde"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 .
To;}n] kqsfl/tf /fHosf] rf}yf] c+u
elgG5 / dof{lbt 5 .
kqsfl/tf s'g} cd"{t
s'/f geP/ s]xL dflg;x?n] g} ug]{
xf] . ;dfhdf ck/fw hut eP h:t}]
dfgjLo u'0f bf]if kqsf/df klg x'g'
:jefljs 5 . c?nfO{ rl/qjfg aGg
l;sfpg] kqsf/n] cfkmgf] rl/qnfO{
eg] ;w} pHofnf] /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . t/
kqsf/x?sf] rl/qsf] ;DjGwdf klg
;dfhdf s'/f sfl6g] u5{g . dLl8ofx?
kqsf/x? s} xftdf x'g] ePsf]n]
dLl8ofn] cfkmg} ju{sf] e08fkmf]/
ug{ cfrf/ ;+lxtfljkl/t x'g] eGg]
gfddf dLl8ofdf kqsf/ lj?4sf s'/f
cfp“b}gg . oBlk JolQmut ?kdf lxnf]
5ofkfofk eg] obf sbf x'g] u/]sf]
5 . dLl8ofx?n] cfkmg} ju{df sfd
ug]{ kqsf/sf] :jefj rl/q /
cfr/0f ;DjGwdf n]Vg] af]Ng] jf
b]vfpg] gu/] klg v'nf ?kdf x]g{ b]Vg
;'Gg a'emg ;lsg] s'/f ;a}n] b]v]sf
;'g]sf a'em]sf x'G5g . To;} cfwf/df
;dfhdf kqsfl/tfsf] klg 6Lsf
l6Kk0fL x'G5 . df]km;nsf gf}l;v'jf
/ ev{/ ;+rf/sf] b'lgofdf cfPsf
kqsf/x?sf] s'/f a]Un} xf] . af“sL
k'/fgf cg'ejL / kqsfl/tfsf] dlxdf
a'em]sf kqsf/sf] ;DjGwdf klg s'/f
sfl6G5g . s'/f sfl6g'df kqsf/sf]
sdL sdhf]/Ln] cjZo sfd u/]sf]
g]kfnL kqsfl/tf / cfrf/;+lxtfx'G5 . xfdL sxf“ ePsf w]/} dLl8of
xfp; s'g} g s'g} /fhg}lts larf/
jf bnsf] lgs6 5g . v'nf cyjf
gv'nf To:tf dLl8ofdf sfd ug]{
kqsf/ klg k|fo ToxL larf/df x'g'
:jefljs xf] . To:tf kqsf/af6 cfkm
gf] kIfsf] bf]if n'sfpg] / u'0fufg ug]{
t/ csf]{ kIfsf] pl5tf] sf6g] ug]{
klg ul/G5 . To;f] x'g' ;DjlGwt
/fhg}lts bnsf] lglDt kqsfl/tf
aG5 xf]nf t/ cfd kf7ssf lglDt
of] rflx+ kf6L{ k|rf/ dfq x'G5 . o;
afx]s kqsf/ lj?4 s'/f s6fp
kqsf/ x'g] JolQmsf] JolQmut
cfr/0fsf sf/0fn] klg x'G5 . ;+rf/
k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ;+;f/sf] cfsf/
;f+3'l/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L d'n'sx?aLr
cfly{s ;fdflhs /fhg}lts ;DjGw jf
cGt/lge{/tf klg a9]sf] 5 . Ps
/fi6«sf] csf]{ /fi6«;“u ljleGg ljifodf
;/f]sf/ x'g] u5{ . To;;“u ;“u;“u}
Toxf“sf pBf]uklt Jofkf/L, ck/fwL
;Ddsf] klg ;/f]sf/ a9g' / :jfy{
uf“l;g' a'lemg] s'/f xf] . o:tf :jfy{ k"/f
ug{ klg s;}n] Toxf“sf] kqsfl/tfsf]
;xf/f lnPsf] x'G5 .
xfdL sxf“ g} åGåsfndf
Ps csf{sf] lj?4 kqsfl/tf u/]
jfkt /fHo / ljb|f]xL b'j} kIfaf6
k|tfl8t ul/Psf lyP . To:tf]af6
;xof]u k|fKt kqsfl/tfn] ;xof]uLnfO{
v';L kfb}{ ;xof]u hf/L /fVg cfkmg}
b]z ;d'bfo / gful/ssf] ljkIfdf
klg kqsfl/tfsf] b'?kof]u u5{g eg]
u'gf;f] ;'Ggdf cfp“5 . kqsf/ x'g'sf]
cx+n] cfkm" eGbf h]i7 tyf d'n'ssf]
7"nf] bfloTj ;DxfnL /fv]sf] dfG5]nfO{
cgfb/ x'g] njh k|of]u u/]sf] klg
kfOG5 . s]xL kqsf/nfO{ a9L /S;L
vfg] JolQmut rfnrng /fd|f] gePsf]
k};f eGbf dl/xQ] ug]{ ANofs d]lnª
ug]{ h:tf nfG5fgf klg obfsbf nfUg]
u5{ . obfsbf st} To:tf] ePsf] klg
kfOG5 . csf]{ tkm{ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf
s]xL k|d'vx?n] lhNnfdf l;h{gfTds
km'§L sfd gug]{ t/ sfof{nosf]
jh]6af6 cfly{s k|nf]eg lbP/ /fli6«o
ld8Lofx?df cfkmgf] u'0fufg ufpg
nufP/ s]Gb|sf xflsdx?nfO{ v';L kfg]{
u/]sf] klg obfsbf b]Vg kfOG5 .
h:tf] ;'s} abdf;L u/] klg /fli6«o
ld8Lofn] /fd|f] eg]kl5 ;a} bf]if
d]l6G5 eGg] k|j[lt klg a9]/ uPsf]
b]lvG5 . :j:y cfnf]rgfnfO{ xfdL sxf“
krfpg] jftfj/0f cem alg;s]sf]
5}g . csf]{ lt/ /fli6«o ld8Lofx?n]
cfkmgf] k|ltlglwn] lhNnfdf s:tf] sfd
u/]sf] 5 < slt a:t'lgi7 eP/ ;dfrf/
k7fp“5 < ;dfhdf p;sf] 5lj s:tf] 5
o;af/] vf;} rf;f] lnPsf] b]lvb}g .
h;n] ubf{ kqsfl/tfdf ljs[lt lelqg
d2t k'u]sf] 5 .
kqsf/nfO{ ;dfhk|lt
pQ/bfoL agfpg ld8Lofx?n] cfkm
gf] k|ltlglwx?sf] sfo{sf] cg'udg
ug{ lgTofGt cfjZos 5 . ljsl;t
/ ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df kqsfl/tfdf
;jn / u'0f:t/o'Qm z}lIfs cfwf/sf]
sdL, jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t tflndsf]
cefj, pkof]uL sfd l;Sg] 7fp“sf]
cefj, vfg k'Ug] kfl/>ldssf]
cefj, ljZj;gLotfsf] cefj, pT;fx
/ k|]/0ff k|bfg ug]{ jftfj/0fsf] sdL,
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] sdL, ;x/ s]Gb|Lt
kqsfl/tfsf sf/0fn kqsfl/tfn]
;dfhsf] h'g ljZjf; lhTg' kg]{ xf] .
Tof] ljZjf; lhTg g;s]sf] s'/f s6'
;To xf] . of] ;Toaf6 g]kfn klg
aflx/ 5}g .
clxn] s'g} s'/fsf] ;xL
hfgsf/L kfpg #÷$ j6f cvjf/
gk9L ;xL hfgsf/L kfpg g;Sg]
l:ylt xfd|f] kqsfl/tfdf 5 . clxn]
klg b]v]sf] n]v]sf] x]g{ gkfOg],
x]/]sf] n]v]sf] b]Vg gkfOg] ;d:of
ljBdfg 5 . hj;Dd kqsfl/tfn]
hgtfnfO{ ;xL ;"rgf lbb}g ta;Dd
hgtfn] ;xL lg0f{o ug{ ;Sb}gg .
clxn] g]kfndf ;xL ;"rgfsf] sdL
ePsf]n] hgtfn] ;xL hgk|ltlglw
r'Gg ;s]sf 5}gg . h;n] ubf{ b]z
nyfln·sf] cj:yfdf 5 . of] ;a}n]
hfg]sf] ef]u]sf] s'/f xf] .
kqsf/nfO{ ;xL af6f]df
lx8fpg] kqsf/sf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf
clxn] xfQLsf] b]vfpg] bf“t h:tf]
ag]sf]n] kqsfl/tfdf ljleGg
ljs[lt lelqPsf 5g . cfrf/
;+lxtf s8fOsf ;fy kfng x'g] xf]
eg] clxn] b]lvPsf ljs[lt x6g]
b]lvG5 . kqsfl/tf hutnfO{ cfkmgf]
st{Jo pQ/bfloTj / lhDd]jf/Lk|lt
;hu / ;r]t t'NofO kqsfl/tfnfO{
d'n'ssf] ;jf{l·0f ljsf;sf nflu
pTk|]l/t / vj/bf/L ug]{ ;+:yf k|];
sfplG;n /fhgLlts efuj08fsf]
v]ndf /dfP/ a;]sf] 5 . To;}n]
kqsfl/tfdf va/bf/L ug]{ sf]xL
gePsf]n] o; If]qdf lbg k|ltlbg
lj;+ult / ljs[lt df}nfp“b} uPsf]
5 . kqsfl/tfsf] cfj/0fdf
clxn] t:s/L sfnf]ahf/L / unt
lqmofsnfkn] k|>o kfpg yfn]sf]
5 . To;}n] g]kfnL kqsfl/tf cfkm
gf] df}lns e"ldsf st{Jo bfloTjaf6
ljrlnt ePsf] b]lvG5 . of]
kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL kqsfl/tfnfO{
s;/L nf]stGqsf] jf:tljs
kx/]bf/L ug]{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg]
agfpg ;lsG5 < o;af/] g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3 / k|]; sfplG;nn]
;f]Rg cfjZos 5 . csf]{tkm{ kqsf/
cfkm}n] klg nf]stGqsf] kx/]bf/L
ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / kqsf/ cfrf/
;+lxtf cIf/; kfng ug]{ g}lts
cg'zf;gn] cfkm"nfO{ v/f] ptfg{
;Sg' k5{ . clxn] xfd|f] kqsfl/tfdf
oxL s'/fsf] sdLn] ubf{ kqsfl/tf
hutdf klg ef8e}nf] 5 .
kqsfl/tf dof{lbt k]zf
ePsf]n] kqsfl/tfdf nfUg]x?n]
c?x?sf] q'6L cf}+Nofpg] dfu{bz{g
ug]{ 1fg af8g] ub}{ ubf{ cfkm" s'g}
k|sf/ nfl~5t gx'g] cj:yf agfpg
;t{s eO/x“bf kqsfl/tfsf] lgikIftf,
:jtGqtf ljZj;gLotf sfod ug{
;lsG5 / kqsfl/tfsf] dof{bf klg
c? a9g] b]lvG5 .
-n]vs ufp“n] b]p/fnL ;fKtflxssf
;Dkfbs x'g ._
d]3/fh zdf{

@)&) efb| #! ut] ;f]daf/ 
@)$^ ;fnsf]
k|hftGqsf] k"g:yf{kgf kl5 d"n's
v'nf cy{tGqdf k|j]z u¥of] . v'nf
cy{tGqnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ ljB'tLo
;+rf/dfWod cGt{ut /]l8of] :6]zg
vf]Ng z'?jft eof] . /]l8of] g]kfnn]
@)%@ df3 @* ut] Pkm=Pd=
k|;f/0fsf] cg'dlt lnPsf] lyof] .
g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"xn]
@)%$ h]i7 @ ut] klxnf] ;fd'bflos
/]l8of] ;u/dfyfsf] cg'dlt lnPsf]
lyof] . ToxL jif{ sflGtk'/ Pkm=Pd=n]
kmfu'g ^ ut] klxnf] Jofj;flos
/]l8of]sf] cg"dlt kq lnPsf] lyof] .
o;/L x]bf{ g]kfndf Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]sf]
z'?jft sl/a @ bzs cuf8Lb]lv
ePsf] b]lvG5 . To; otf ;+rf/
d+qfnosf cg';f/ $!& j6f
Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]n] k|;f/0f cg"dlt
lnPklg xfn #!% j6f Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of] lgoldt k|;f/0fdf 5g .
;/sf/n] Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of]sf] k|;f/0fsf] cg'dlt
:yflgo lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf,
;xsf/L, k|fOe]6 sDkgL, sn]h,
u'7L nufotnfO{ lbg] u/]sf] 5 .
x'g t ;/sf/af6 cg'dlt ln+bf
Jofj;flos / ;fd'bflos /]l8of] egL
s'g} juL{s/0f gePtfklg k|fO{e]6
sDkgLn] ;+rfng u/]sf /]l8of]nfO{
Jofj;flos / cGonfO{ ;fd'bflos
eGg] wf/0ff ag]sf] 5 . o;/L btf{sf]
k|s[lt cg';f/ JofVof u/]tf klg
;/sf/n] lng] cg'dltkq b:t'/, s/,
/f]oN6L cflb ;d]t ;dfg ?kdf lng]
u/]sf] 5 .
@)^@.^# sf]
hgcfGbf]ngdf :jtGq /]l8of]x?n]
k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP
kmn:j?k hgcfGbf]nsf] ;dodf
cfGbf]ng/t bnx?n] /]l8of]n]
v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] pRr d'Nofªsg
ub}{ /]l8of]sf] ljsf; / :yfloTjsf]
nflu gLltut Joj:yf ug]{ k|ltj4tf
JoQm u/]sf lyP . tTkZtft k|To]s
;/sf/n] /]l8of]x?n] ltg'{kg]{ jflif{s
gljs/0f z'Ns klxnf] jif{ ldgfxf
/ c? jif{ bz k|ltztsf b/n]
ltg'{kg]{ Joj:yf dfq u/]/ cfkmgf]
lhDd]jf/Laf6 pDsLb} cfPsf] 5 .
;/sf/n] 5fkf dfWod / ljB'tLo
dfWodaf6 ;+rflnt /]l8of] :6]zg
km/s km/s xf] eGg] ;f]rsf ;fy
lj1fkg gLlt klg ;f]xL cg';f/ ub}{
cfO/x]sf]df s]xL jif{ cuf8L ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] km};nfn] ljB'tLo k|;f/0f
dfWod / 5fkf dfWod Pp6} xf] eGg]
km};nf u/]sf] lyof] . t} klg clxn]
klg sltko ;/sf/L lgsfodf oxL
;f]r n] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 hf] v]bhGo
5 .
g]kfndf k|;fl/t /]l8of]
:6]zgx?n] s/La @ ca{ eGbf
a9L nufgL u/]sf 5g . jf:tjdf
/]l8of]x? gfkmf sdfpg] eGbf
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj axg ug]{ Pp6f
pTs[i6 ;]jf pBf]u xf] eGg]df b'O{dt
5}g . t;y{ klg ;/sf/n] of] If]qnfO{
;fdflhs pBf]usf] ?kdf x]g'{k5{ /
lgltut ?kdf /]l8of]x?sf] pks/0f
v/Lb, a}+s shf{, ljB't dxz'n / s/
nufotsf ljifodf ;'ljwf lbg' lgtfGt
cfjZos 5 .
g]kfn h:tf] e'agf]6 ePsf]
d"n'sdf hgtfnfO{ ;";"lrt u/fpg
5fkf dfWod eGbf Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]
lgs} k|efjsf/L 5 . ljsf;f]Gd'v b]z
g]kfndf ;"rgf, ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0fsf]
;fy} r]tgfsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu /]l8of]
cToGt} pkof]uL dfWod alg/x]sf]
5 . k|ljlwdf cfPsf] ;xhtfn] /]l8of]
;]6 sd d"Nodf k|fKt x'gfn] cem
/]l8of] a9L nf]slk|o / k|efjsf/L
ag]sf] 5 . h'g;'s} JolQmn] vNtLdf
/fv]/ dgnfu]sf] ;dodf dg nfu]sf]
lkm|Sj]G;Ldf 6o'g ug{ ;S5g . ;a}
u|fdL0f Onfsfdf ljB't / OG6/g]6sf]
kx'Fr ;xh gePsf] l:yltn] ubf{
klg cem s]xL jif{;Dd /]l8of]sf]
k|efjsfl/tf / nf]slk|otf sfod
/xG5 . ;/sf/n] /]l8of] vf]Ng
O{hfht ;xh u/fP/ /fd|f] u/]sf]
5 h'g k|z+;gLo sfd klg xf] t/
;/sf/n] O{hfht lbP/ dfq} kG5Lg
ldNb}g p;n] /]l8of]sf] ;+/If0f ;Dj4{g
/ ljsf; ug'{ uxg bfloTj xf] .
s]xL ;do cl3 ;/sf/n] ;+efJotf
cWoog ljgfsf] cg'dlt kq k|bfg ug]{
kl/kf6L / ;dfhdf l;h{gzLntfsf]
cefj / b]vfl;sL ug]{ k|j[ltn] kl5Nnf]
;dodf /]l8of] vf]Ng] xf]8afhL rn]sf]
5, h;n] ubf{ ;fgf ;fgf gu/ /
ufFpdf klg /]l8of] vf]lnPsf 5g .
o;sf] pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf sf7df08f}+
pkTosfdf dfq} $) eGbf a9L /]l8of]
;+rfngdf 5g eg] tfg;]g h:tf] ;fgf]
gu/ hxfF pBf]u, snsf/vfgfx?
5}gg, o:tf] 7fpFdf klg %)) ld6/sf]
b'/Ldf # j6f /]l8of] / u|fdL0f
Onfsfdf @ j6f /]l8of] ;+rfngdf
5g . hyfefjL /]8Lof] vf]Ng] Ohfht
lb+bf lk|mSj]G;Lsf] To:t} ;d:of 5 .
kl5Nnf] qmddf lk|mSj]G;L ;lsPsf]n]
/]l8of]sf] cg'dltkq /f]lsPsf] lyof]
eg] xfn !)) jf6sf] dfq ;DefJotf
cWoog u/]/ lbO{Psf] 5 . o;/L
cWoog ljgf /]l8of] vf]Ngfn] xfn
clwsf+z /]l8of]x? cfly{s ;+s6df
k/]sf 5g . clws+fz /]l8of]sf
;+rf/sdL{x?n] kfl/>lds ;Dd
kfPsf 5}gg eg] kfPsfx?n] $.%
dlxgf kl5 kfPsf] oyfy{tf klg 5 .
cem Go"gtd kfl/>lds cfof]un]
l;kmfl/; u/] cg'?ksf] tna kfpg'
t stf xf] stf ¤ Rofpem} pld|Psf
/]l8of]x?n] k|:t't ug]{ sfo{s|dx?df
s'g} k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g t/
lj1fkgsf] b//]6df k|lt:kwf{ eO/x]sf]
5 . cGttf]uTjf o;n] /]l8of]
:6];g aGb x'g] l:ytL lgDTofp5 .
/]l8of]sf] ;+VofTds j[l4 / sfo{qmdsf]
:t/lxgtfn] klg /]l8of]n] >f]tf vf]Hg]
a]nf cfPsf] 5 g sL >f]tfn] /]l8of]
vf]Hg] . t;y{ /]l8of]df of] klg gofF
r'gf}tL b]lvPsf] 5 . /]l8of]df aHg]
lj1fkg ahf/sf] sl/a *) k|ltzt
lx:;f sf7df08f+} pkTosfdf /x]sf]
5 . t}klg sf7df08f}+ pkTosfdf
;+rflnt /]l8of] :6]zgsf] cfly{s
;Ifdtf / ;antf sxfnLnfUbf] 5
eg] aflx/sf] s] xf]nf <
s]xL jif{ cuf8L
a|f]8sfl:6· Pzf]l;og ckm g]kfn,
sf7df08f}+ pkTosf Pkm=Pd k|;f/s
;+3 / ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/0f ;+3n]
;+o'Qm ?kdf /]l8of]df em]Ng'k/]sf
;d:ofx? / ;dfwfgsf pkfosf
af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ Wofgfsif{0f
u/fPsf] lyof] t/ vf;} pknlAw
xfl;n x'g ;s]g . ;fIf/ hg;+Vof
sd / ;a} If]qdf 5fkf dfWodn]
hgtfnfO{ ;";"lrt ug{ c;Dej
ePsf] a]nfdf hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] xs
/ cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] kIfdf jiff}{
b]lv /]l8of]]x?n] of]ubfg lbO/xFbf klg
nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkgsf] gfpFdf
Go"g cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{ b"ef{Uo g}
dfGg'k5{ . @)^@.^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng
;kmn agfpg xf]; jf @)^$ ;fnsf]
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;xh?kdf
;DkGg ug{ /]l8of]x?n] v]n]sf] e"ldsf
P]ltxfl;s / ct'ngLo 5 . t;y{ klg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnO/x]sf] /f]oN6L /
gljs/0f z'Ns gLltut ?kd} vf/]h
ul/g' k5{ . o;n] klg /]l8of]sf]
;+rfngdf lbuf]kgf / u0ftGqnfO{
;+:yfut ug]{ ;jfndf /]l8of]
:6]zgnfO{ yk phf{ ldNg]5 . To:t}
/]l8of]nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng
ug{ klg ;+rf/ dGqfnodf /]l8of] x]g]{
5'§} lgsfo x'g' lgs} cfjZos 5 .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf hfthfltsf] cfwf/df
/]l8of] vfNg] k|j[lQ klg lelqPsf] 5 .
st} kl5 uP/ o;n] xfd|f] hflto
Pstf / /fli6«otfdf jh|kft x'g]
t x}g, o;df klg ;+rf/ dGqfno
;+j]bgzLn x'g' cfjZos 5 . ;fy}
:yfgLo x'g' kg]{ /]l8of]x? sf7df08f}+df
a;]/ g]6jls{· ug]{ k|rngsf] cGTo
ug{ ;lsof] eg] klg /]l8of]sf]
k|efjsfl/tf cem a9g] 5 .
cfh d'n"sdf #) jf6 b]lv
!) lsnf]jf6;Ddsf] sflGtk'/ Pkm=Pd
k|;f/0f eO/x]sf 5g . Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of]nfO{ rflxg] ;Dk"0f{ pks/0fx?
ljb]zaf6 cfoft ug'{ k5{ . Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of] hxfF lk|mSj]G;Ln] sfd u5{,
of] ;'/Iffsf] ;+j]bgzLntf;Fu k|ToIf
ufFl;Psf] sf/0fn] klg ;/sf/;Fu
cg'dltkq lng'k5{ . g]kfndf xfn
cl8of] leh'Pn On]S6«f]lgS; k|f=ln=
/ ;'l:dt OG6/g]zgnn] g]kfn
;/sf/;+u cg'dlt lnP/ pks/0f
a]r]sf 5g eg] oL afx]s km'6s/
/]l8of] pks/0fx? a]Rg] s]xL :yfgLo
Ph]G6x? klg 5g .
cl8of] leh'cn
On]S6«f]lgS;n] O6fnLdf lgld{t
CTE Digital Broadcast sf
pks/0f a]Rb} cfPsf] 5 eg] ;'l:dt
OG6/g]zgnn] a]nfot, cd]/Lsf,
:k]g / O6fnLsf pks/0fx? a]Rb}
cfPsf] 5 . ljz]if u/L a]nfotdf
lgld{t Ol8:6f]g, P;laP; la8ANo"
a|f]8sf:6 / O{6fnLdf lgld{t l8 aL
On]S6«f]lgS; ;fdfg a]Rb} cfPsf]
5 . /]l8of]df nufgLsf] k|s[lt x]g]{ xf]
eg] :yfgLo :t/sf hgtfx? ldn]/
k|f=ln=, ;xsf/L dfkm{t nufgL u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 eg] sltko ;fd'bflos
/]l8of]x?nfO{ 8flg8f, o'P;P8, lala;L
/]l8of]n] s/f]8f}+sf] pks/0f / cfly{s
;xof]u u/]sf 5g . cfly{s jif{
)^(.&) df dfq} ;/sf/nfO{ sl/a
@ s/f]8 /f]oN6L a'emfPsf 5g .
k|To]s /]l8of]n] cfˆgf] cfDbfgLsf] @
k|ltzt jf s"n gfkmfsf] !) k|ltzt
df h'g a9L x'G5 ;f]xL /sd -xfn
cfDbfgLsf] @ k|ltzt dfq Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5_ /f]oN6L a'emfpg'kg]{ sfg'gL
k|fjwfg 5 . o;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf]
eg] /]l8of]n] pQm cjlwdf sl/a !
c/asf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf]] b]lvG5 .
d'n"se/ vf]lnPsf]
/]l8of]x?n] gful/ssf] ;"rgfsf]
xssf] k|Tofe"ltsf] cltl/Qm /f]huf/L
;[hgf u/]sf 5g . o;n] klg
hLjgsf] pj{/ ;do ljb]zL e"lddf
ljtfpg] xfd|f] ;+:sf/nfO{ s]xL
xb;Dd lgoGq0f u/]sf] 5 . d'n"se/
s/La ^ xhf/ eGbf a9L JolQmn]
k|ToIf /f]huf/ kfPsf 5g eg] ToxL
;]/f]km]/f]df ck|ToIf /f]huf/ kfPsf
5g . cfly{s >f]tsf] cefjn] sltko
/]l8of]n] ;+rf/sdL{nfO{ :jo+;]jssf]
?kdf kl/rfng u/]sf 5g eg]
csf]{tkm{ sltko /]l8of] :6]zg tflnd
s]Gb| ag]sf 5g . To:t} bIf hgzlQm
ljb]z knfog x'gfn] d'n"se/ :yflkt
#!% /]l8of] pks/0fsf] dd{t ;Def/
Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]sf] cj:yfs/La *÷!) hgf OlGhgLo/n]
u/L/x]sf 5g .
;+rf/sf] ;zQm dfWod
Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] k|lt h'g;'s} ;/sf/
cfPtf klg Tolt ;sf/fTds kfO{Psf]
5}g . ha;Dd /]l8of] k|lt ;/sf/sf]
;sf/fTds ;f]r x'b}g ta;Dd
/]l8of]sf] eljio pHjn 5}g .
o;sf] nflu a|f]8sfl:6· Pzf]l;Pzg
ckm g]kfn, Psf]¥ofa / sf7df08f}
pkTosf Pkm=Pd k|;f/s ;+3n] ;+o'Qm
zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng ug''{sf] ljsNk
5}g . jf:tjdf Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]x?
;"rgf / dgf]/~hgsf] e/kbf]{ dfWod
ag]sf 5g . xfd|f] h:tf] ef}uf]lns
jgfj6 ePsf] If]qdf Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of]sf] kxF'r ax't k|efjsf/L 5
To:t} ;xhtf 5 lsgeg] Ps ;osf]
Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] cyjf df]afOn4f/f
ef/L af]Sg] e/Lofb]lv ls;fg / Jofkf/L
;a}n] ;"rgf / dgf]/~hg k|fKt ug{
;s]sf 5g . ljB'tLs/0fsf] cefj
/ kqklqsf ;xh kx'Fr gePsf]
b"/b/fhdf emg /]l8of]n] ;a}nfO{
df]xgL nufPsf] 5 . v]tdf sfd
ug{ hfg] ls;fgsf] v]tsf cflndf
xf]; jf ef/L af]Sg] el/ofsf] ks]6df
Pkm=Pd /]l8of] 3lGs/x]sf] 5 .
cem sltko :yfgLo JolQmx?n]
cfkm'n] af]n]sf s'/fx? /]l8of]af6
;'Gg kfpbf b+u 5g . cfh d"n'ssf]
sltko 7fpdf ls;fgn] cfkmgf] 3/
a;L a;L pTkfbg u/]sf] s[lifhGo
pkhx? a9L d"Nodf a]Rg kfPsf
5g . d"n'sdf gful/ssf] r]tgf
hfu[t u/fpg] ;jfndf Pkm=Pd=
/]l8of] /fd|f] ;+jfxs ag]sf] 5 t;y{
klg o;sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{
nufgLstf{, g]kfn ;/sf/, pBf]uL,
Jofkf/L / :yfgLo gful/ssf]
;xsfo{sf] lgs} cfjZos 5 .-n]vs
>Lgu/ Pkm=Pd=sf cWoIf x'g ._
eLd;]g sfsL{
l6sf/fd kf}8]nl6sf/fd kf}8]n
u]emf, kfNkfu]emf, kfNkf
s0f{axfb'/ sfsL{s0f{axfb'/ sfsL{
tfg;]g !), w|'j3f6, kfNkftfg;]g !), w|'j3f6, kfNkf
ç ;fO ODkf]l/odç ;fO ODkf]l/od
;f]dgfy kf08];f]dgfy kf08]
dvg6f]n–$, tfg;]g, kfNkf kmf]g M (*$&%@%*)$dvg6f]n–$, tfg;]g, kfNkf kmf]g M (*$&%@%*)$
;Dk"0f{ ljb]zL tyf :jb]zL sk8fsf ;fy} aRrfsf, n]l8h, h]G;;Dk"0f{ ljb]zL tyf :jb]zL sk8fsf ;fy} aRrfsf, n]l8h, h]G;
;fdfgx? ;'ky d"Nodf kfOG5 . ;fydf km]G;L n]an a|fG8]8 h'Qfx¿ .;fdfgx? ;'ky d"Nodf kfOG5 . ;fydf km]G;L n]an a|fG8]8 h'Qfx¿ .

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