The document discusses various agricultural practices and products, providing insights into different crop types and their management. It highlights the significance of understanding specific needs and adaptations required for optimal growth in diverse conditions. Several examples of crop varieties and their respective cultivation challenges are also mentioned.

3. ?
a+u'/kfng Aoj;fo cfDbfgLsf] >f]t a(fpg] Ps Aoj;fo xf] . of] Aoj;fo laif]z
;d'bfon] k/fk"a{sfn b]vL cfkmgf] #/sf] cfDbfgLsf] >f]t a(fpg tyf clgsfn / cGo
c;xh l:ytLaf^ aRgsf] nfuL of] Aoj;fo ul/Psf] % . a+u'/ sd ;dodf a(L kf&fkf&L
pTkfbg lbg], kfNg ;lhnf] / sd ;dodf a(L df;' pTkfbg lbgsf] nfuL pkof]uL x'G% .
of] Aoj;foaf^ ;:tf] / sd vlr{nf] k|lalwaf^ klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL lng ;lsG% .

?
 ;:tf] / ;/n e';, #f+;, s^, ds}, cflb ;'jfP/ kfNg ;lsg] .
 yf]/} hUufdf klg of] Aoj;fo ;'? ug{ ;lsg] –Ps ao:s a+u'/sf] nfuL 30 au{
lkm^ / kf&fkf&L ;lxtsf] dfpm a+u'/sf] nfuL 80 au{ lkm^ &fpm eP k'Ug] .
 s[lif / s[lif pBf]uaf^ lg:sg] by product nfO{ cfxf/fsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/L /fd|f]
cfDbfgL lng ;lsg] .
 yfgLo df;', kf&fkf&L pTkfbg hlt u/]klg xfn ahf/sf] la:tf/ eO{ /x]sf] .
 a+u'/sf] df;'sf] dfu a(L /x]sf] x'bf lbg k|ltlbg a+u'/ kfng Aoj;fo nf]slk|o x'b}
uO{/x]sf] % .

cfDbfgL a(L lngsf] nfuL nufgL cg';f/ kmfd{sf] ;fOh ;fgf] agfpg] . kmfd{
:ykgf ubf{ ahf/sf] glhs, oftfoftsf] ;'lawf ePsf] &fpm /f]Hg] . a+u'/ kfng kmmfd{
klxnf b]vL kfn]sf s[ifsx? sxf+ ug]{, hf];+u a+u'/kfng :DaGwL Aoxf/ls !fg klg x'G%
. s[ifsx?af^ g} ahf/sf] dfunfO{ larf/ u/L a+u'/sf] kf&fkf&L lalqm ug{ / a+u'/
df;'sf] nfuL pTkfbg u/L ahf/sf] dfunfO{ k'/f ug]{ . bfgf sd vlr{nf] :yfgLo :t/af^}
kfpg] Crop by product xl/of] #f+;, xl/of] ;fukft, s^ cflb lbg] . a+u/sf] vf]/
agfpbf sd vlr{nf] :yfgLo :t/dfg} pknAw x'g] >f]t ;fwfgaf^ agfpg] . h:df kof{Kt
dfqfdf xfjfsf] ;+rf/ x'g], ;km fug{ ;lhnf] / cGo afXo hLahGt'af^ klg arfpg ;Sg]
vfnsf] agfpg] .


 
:yfgLo hftsf] ;+'u'/ xf] . o;sf] /+u k|foM sfnf] x'G5 . kf]yL ;+'u'/df * b]lv
!@ uf]6f y'g x'g] ub{5g . of] hftsf] ;+'u'/n] Ps j]tdf ;/b/ % b]lv ^ j6f kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 .
Ps jif{df ;/b/ b'O{ k6s Aofpg] ub{5 .

4.  
x'/f{ :yfgLo hftsf] ;'Fu'/ xf] . of] g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf kflnG5 . of] cUnf] x'G5 / dfp kf]yL *
b]lv !@ uf]6f y'g ePsf] kfOG5 . o;n] Ps k6sdf ;/b/ $ b]lv % j6f kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 . Ps
jif{df ;/b/ !=*^ k6s AofpF5 .

  (Yorkshore):

of] a]nfotL hftsf] a+u'/ xf] . ;/b/ Ps j]tdf !! b]lv !@ j6f kf7fkf7L o;n] hGdfpg] ub{5 .
o; hftsf] efn] j0f{z+s/ lgsfNgdf pkof]u ul/G5 . g]kfndf of] hftsf] a+u'/ w]/} kflnG5 . jo:s
efn]sf] tf}n #))–$%) s]hL / kf]yLsf] tf}n @%)–#%) s]hL ;Dd x'G5 .
  (Landrace):
of] hftsf] a+u'/ 8]gdfs{af6 g]kfndf cfoft ePsf] xf] . o;nfO{ g]kfndf w]/}n] dg k/fpF5g .
To;}n] ls;fgx?n] w]/} ;+Vofdf kfln/x]sf] kfOG5 . Ps j]tdf ;/b/ !) b]lv !! j6f kf7fkf7L
hGdfpF5 . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n #!) b]lv $)) lsnf] ;Dd x'G5 eg] dfp kf]yLsf] tf}n @%) b]lv
#%) lsnf];Dd x'G5 . cGo a+u'/sf] t'ngfdf o;df cfdfdf x'g' kg]{ u'0f al9 kfO{Psf] 5 .
  (Duroc):
of] hftsf] a+u'/ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfndf cfoft ul/Psf] xf] . o; hftsf] a+u'/n] g]kfndf
k|l;l4 kfpFb} uPsf] 5 . of] hft /fd|f] df;'sf] nflu k|Voft 5 . Ps j]tdf ;/b/ ( b]lv !) j6f
kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] ub{5 . of] hftsf] efn]nfO{ j0f{ z+s/ pTkfbg ug]{ sfddf k|of]u ul/G5 . jo:s
efn]sf] tf}n #*) lsnf] x'G5 / kf]yLsf] tf}n #)) lsnf] ;Dd x'G5 .

5.   (Hampshire):
of] hftsf] a+u'/ klg ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfndf cfoft ul/Psf]
xf] . of] hftsf] a+u'/ g]kfndf st} st} dfq kflnPsf] kfOG5 . Ps j]tdf
;/b/ * b]lv ( j6f ;Dd kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] ub{5 . efn]nfO{ df;'
pTkfbgsf] nflu k|hgg u/fOG5 . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n #)) lsnf]u|fd /
kf]yLsf] tf}n @%) lsnf]u|fd x'G5 .
  (Meishan):
of] rLgdf pTklQ ePsf] hft xf] . sfnf] z/L/, 5f]6f] v'§f, 7"nf]
k]6, ulx/f] 9f8 / sRofs s'r's k/]sf] cg'xf/ x'G5 . of] hftsf
cf};t !^ b]lv !* uf]6f y'g x'G5g . Ps k6sdf !$ b]lv !& uf]6f
kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 / !! b]lv !# uf]6f x'sf{pg] ub{5 . ;fgf kf7fkf7L
hGdfpg] -cf};t hGd tf}n ()) u|fd_ / lj:tf/} a9g] ub{5g .
  (Pakhribas Black):
of] hft kflv|af; s[lif s]Gb| wgs'6fn] lgsfn]sf]n] kflv|af; sfnf]
hft eg]/ lrlgG5 . of] sfnf] /+usf] x'G5 / Ps k6sdf cf}ift !) j6f
kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] ub{5 . :yfgLo ;+'u'/ eGbf w]/} kf7fkf7L kfpg],
rfF8f] a9g] ePsf]n] s[ifsn] dg k/fpFb5g . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n !&)
s]=hL= x'G5 eg] kf]yL dfpsf] tf}n !^) s]=hL= x'G5 .
 { (Taemworth):
of] a]nfotL hftsf] a+u'/ xf] . o;sf] /+u /ftf] x'G5 . o;sf]
6fpsf] / y't'gf] nfdf] x'G5 . sfg 7f8f x'G5g . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n
#%) lsnf] x'G5 eg] kf]yLsf] tf}n @%) b]lv #)) lsnf];Dd x'G5 .
g]kfndf o;sf] kfng u/]sf]vf;} b]lvPsf] 5}g .

 7fpF klZrd blIf0f df]x8f kms]{sf], oftfoft, lah'nLsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .
 kof{Kt 7fpF -eljiodf kmfd{ a9fpg' kg]{ ePdf a9fpg ;lsg]_ x'g' kb{5 .
 /fd|f];Fu xfjf cfpg] / hfg] 7fpF x'g'kb{5 .
 kfgLsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 .

6.  kf7f–kf7L ;fydf ePsf] dfp a:g] 7fpFsf] tfkqmd !% b]lv @)
l8=;]= x'g'kb{5 .
 xfjfdf kfgLsf] dfqf %) b]lv *) k|ltzt;Dd x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
 clS;hg cfk"lt{sf] nflu vf]/sf] jl/kl/ ?v nufpg' kb{5 .
 k|hggsf] nflu kflng] efn] a+u'/sf] a:g] 7fpFsf] tfkqmd !) b]lv
!% l8=;]= x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
s]xL cfw'lgs tyf k/Dk/fut vf]/sf gd"gfx? tn lbO{Psf 5g .



 dfp tyf luN6 a+u'/sf] Ct'sfndf k|j]z x'g'eGbf cf};t @=& lbg cufl8 b]lv z'? e} @=&
Ct'sfnkl5 cf};t @=$ lbg;Dd Ct'sfnsf nIf0fx? b]vfO /xG5g . t'ngfTds ?kdf
Ct'sfnsf] cjlw -;do_ dfp eGbf luN6df yf]/} ePsf] kfOG5 . Ct'sfndf dfp tyf luN6n]
b]vfpg] nIf0fx? o; k|sf/ 5gM
 bfgf dg nufP/ vfFb}g .
 ;'tjf6 ;]tf] kbfy{ cfpg] ub{5 .
 ;'t ;'lgg] / u'nfkmL /ftf] b]lvg] ub{5 . c? a+u'/dfly r9g] ub{5 .
 c? a+u'/ cfk"m dfly pSnFbf jf xftn] lyRbf cfgGb;Fu ple/xg] ub{5 .
 Ct'sfn z'? ePsf] #* 306f;Dddf ;a} l8Dasf] pTkfbg eO;S5 .
 Ps ks6sf] Ct'sfndf a+u'/sf] slt ;+Vofdf l8Da lgl:sG5 eGg] s'/f hft, tf}n, pd]/ /
df};d cflbdf e/ kb{5 .
 ;fwf/0ftof luN6n] t];|f] Ct'sfndf w]/} l8Da lgsfN5 .

7.  csf]{ s'/f xf8gftfaf6 hlGdPsf] luN6 eGbf j0f{ z+s/af6 -vRr8_ hGd]sf] luN6n] w]/} l8Da
pTkfbg ub{5 .
 efn] vf]h]sf] a+u'/df afnL nufpg] ;do km/s km/s eP klg ;fwf/0ftof Ct'sfndf k|j]z
u/]sf] !) b]lv @@=% 306f;Dd klxnf] k6s / @@=% b]lv $) 306f;Dddf bf];|f] k6s jfnL
nufpFbf w]/} kf7fkf7L hGdG5g .

;+'u'/÷ a+u'/af6 a9L cfDbfgL lngsf] nflu ltgLx?nfO{ afFRgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ kf]if0feGbf a9L
yk]/ lbPsf] kf]if0ftTjaf6 g} zf/Ll/s j[l4, ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg h:tf sfo{x? x'g] ub{5g . o;/L yk]/
lbOg] bfgf klg ;Gt'lnt x'g'kb{5 . zf/Ll/s cj:yfn] dfu u/] cg'?k zlQmj4{s, k|f]l6g, lrNnf]
kbfy{, ldg]/N; / le6fldgx? cfjZos kl/df0fdf ld;fP/ agfPsf] cfxf/fnfO{ g} ;Gt'lnt cfxf/f
elgG5 .

:yfgLo txdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/f agfpFbf tn lbPsf] dfqf cg';f/ bfgfdf sRrf kbfy{x? ld;fpg'
kb{5 .
zlQm lbg] sRrf
kbfy{x?
ds} #& s]hL
*)
ux'F !$ s]hL
wfgsf] w'6f] @@ s]hL
ux'Fsf] rf]s/ )& s]hL
k|f]l6g k|fKt x'g] sRrf
kbfy{x?
e6df; $ s]hL
!*
tf]/Lsf] kLgf * s]hL
x88Lr"0f{ @ s]hL
df;'r"0f{ ! s]hL
/Qmr"0f{ ! s]hL
df5fsf] l;b|f @ s]hL
vlgh kbfy{ / le6fldg @=)
s'n hDdf !)) s]hL
bfgfdf x'g] k|f]l6gsf] dfqf !^ k|ltzt

8. 
a+u'/kfng ug]{ dflg;x?n] a+u'/nfO{ /f]u nflu;s]kl5 pkrf/df w]/} k};f vr{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{
a+u'/nfO{ /f]u nfUg} glbg] pkfox?sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . a+u'/x?nfO{ /f]u gnfuf]; eg]/ lgDg
pkfox? ug{ ;lsG5 .
 a+u'/sf] vf]/df k|j]z ug]{ sL6f0f', ljiff0f' / 9';Lsf ;|f]tnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ 9f]sfdf / jl/kl/
r'g, lkmg]n cflb 5l//xg' kb{5 .
 a+u'/ tyf a+u'/ a:g] vf]/ ;+w} ;kmf ug]{ .
 vf]/df gofF a+u'/ k|j]z u/fpFbf /f]u nfu]sf] x'g' x'Fb}g .
 b'O{j6f vf]/sf] b'/L ! ls= ld6/ x'g'kb{5 . a+u'/sf] vf]/df lbg] kfgLsf] ;|f]t sL6f0f', ljiff0f' /
9';L gePsf] x'g'kb{5 .
 a+u'/sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug]{ dflg; nufot cGo vf]/df k:g] dflg;n] xft v'§fsf gË sf6]/
;fa'g kfgLn] ;kmf u/]/ nufPsf] n'uf -ls6f0f' /lxt n'uf_ nufP/ k|j]z ug'{kb{5 . vf]/sf]
efF8fs'F8f ;w}+ ;kmf ug'{ kb{5 .
 vf]/sf] jl/kl/sf] If]qdf ;do ;dodf r'g, lkmg]n 5l//xg' kb{5 .
 a+u'/nfO{ bfgf v'jfpg eGbf Ps lbg cufj} xfjf cfjthfjt ug]{ sf]7fdf vfgf /fv]/
ˆo"ldu]zg u/]/ dfq v'jfpg' kb{5 .
 a+u'/sf] dnd'q Ps 7fpFdf y'kf/L s'lxP kl5 v]tjf/Ldf k|of]u ug'kb{5 .
 a+u'/nfO{ v'nf 7fpFdf sf6g' x'Fb}g .
 a+u'/n] vf]/ aflx/ lx88'n ug]{ v'nf 7fpFdf sL/f tyf r/fx? k:g g;Sg] u/L gfOng tyf
tf/ hfnLn] a]l/ lbg'kb{5 .

 
of] /utsf] sdLaf6 x'g] /f]u xf] . dfpsf] b"waf6 cfO/g gk'u x'g ;S5 . r/gdf 5f8]/
kf7fkf7LnfO{ kfNof] eg] logn] cfO/g k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g . hGdg] ljlQs}sf kf7fkf7L rg{ klg g;Sg]
/ bfgf klg gvfg] ePsf] x'Fbf kf7fkf7L hGd]sf] # lbgkl5 klxnf]k6s ! ldlnln6/ cfO/gsf] ;'O{
lbg'k5{ kb{5 . cfO{/g k|fKt ug{sf] nfuL hénsf] ;kmf /ftf] df6f], bfgfdf kmnfd
o'Stm cf}ifwL tyf ;kmf /ftf] df6f]sf] k]i6 agfP/ dfpmsf] kmf+rf]df blnlbg] / cGo s'/fsf] ;Nnfx
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf kz' ;]jf s]Gb|af6 kfpg ;lsG5 .
 
of] lrnfpg] /f]u xf] . o;n] a+u'/sf] sfg, uw{g tyf kmfFrf]df a9L c;/ ub{5 . ;/;kmfO{ g}
/f]u nfUg glbg] ;aeGbf /fd|f] pkfo xf] . /f]u nflu xfNof] eg] ;kmf u/]/ uf]N8]g nf];g / lxd]S;
dnd nufpg' kb{5 .
 

9.  of] ;?jf /f]u xf] . of] vt/gfs x'G5 . 3fF6L / lha|f] ;'lgg] ePsf]n] vfgf vfg Zjf; km]g{ uf¥xf]
x'G5 . pkrf/ ePg eg] dg{ klg ;S5 . To;}n] /f]u lj?4 klxn] g} vf]k nufpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . /f]u
nfu]sf] yfxf x'g] ljlQs} lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf uO{ ;Nnfx lng'kb{5 .
 
of] ljiff0f'af6 nfUg] vt/gfs ;?jf /f]u xf] . of] /f]un] a+u'/sf kf7fkf7LnfO{ a8L c;/ ub{5 /
s'g} cj:yfdf d[To'b/ zt k|ltzt klg x'g ;Sb5 . Hj/f] cfpg], lb;fdf /ut b]vLg], gfs d'vaf6
t/n kbfy{ aUg], vfgf sd vfg] h:tf nIf0f b]vf k/]df kz' ;]jf s]Gb|af6 ;Nnfx lng'kb{5 .
 
kf7fkf7LnfO{ a9L c;/ ug]{ ;?jf /f]u xf] . d'v, lha|f]df vl6/f cfpg] ePsf] x'Fbf ¥ofn aflx/
lg:s]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] b]lvPdf lkm6ls/Lsf] emf]n ! k|ltzt jf lkmg]nn] v'§fdf ;kmf u/L lxd]S;
dnd nufOlbg' kb{5 .

 
of] Zjf;k|Zjf;df cK7of/f] x'g] /f]u xf] . of] /f]u sL6f0f' / hLjf0f'af6 x'g] /f]u xf] . o;sf]
pkrf/ x'Fb}g . ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
 
uf]nf] / lkmQ] h'sf, h'd|f, lsgf{ nufotsf ;a} vfn] leqL / aflx/L k/lhjLx? a+u'/df nfUb5g .
glhssf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb| jf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ sfd ug'{kb{5 .