This document discusses primers and propellants used in firearms. It defines a primer as the chemical or device that initiates propellant combustion, propelling a projectile out of the gun barrel. There are two main types of primers: Boxer and Berdan. The primer contains an impact-sensitive lead styphnate igniter that ignites when struck by the firing pin. Propellants like black powder or smokeless powder fill the cartridge and generate gas pressure when ignited by the primer to push the bullet down the barrel. Forensic analysis of primers and propellants can help identify bullets and link firearms to crime scenes.

1. Primers & Propellants
Faculty name:-Asst professor Ketan sir
Presentation by:-Deepika patel

2. Primer:-
👉In firearms and artillery, the primer is the
chemical and/or device responsible for initiating
the propellant combustion that will push
the projectiles out of the gun barrel.
👉Primer is a high explosive substance.

3. Primer

4. Types of primer:-
There are two types of primers
1. Boxer :-developed in 1866 by Colonel Boxer of the
Laboratory at the Royal Woolwich Arsenal, England.
2. Berdan:- was designed in 1866 by Colonel Berdan
of the US Army Ordnance Department.

5. Berden primer👇. Boxer primer👇

7. How does the primer works...?
• When you pull the trigger of a gun, a spring mechanism
hammers a metal firing pin into the back end of the
cartridge, igniting the small explosive charge in the primer.
The primer then ignites the propellant—the main
explosive that occupies about two thirds of a typical
cartridge's volume.

8. What chemicals are used in primer..?
• Primers are made of a copper or brass alloy cup with a
brass anvil and are filled with an impact-sensitive lead
styphnate igniter. The metal parts of the primer are
usually nickel-plated to resist corrosion. Propellants can
vary from black gunpowder to a more modern smokeless
powderwhich contains nitrocellulose.

9. PROPELLANT
• In general, propellant or gunpowder is a chemical substanceused
in the production of energy or pressurized gas that is subsequently
used to create movement of a fluid or to generate propulsion of
a projectile, or other object.
OR
• In firearm ballistics, propellants fill the interior of an ammunition
cartridge or the chamber of a gun or cannon, leading to the
expulsion of a bullet or shell.
• Gunpowder is a low-explosive substance that is used as a
propellant in firearms.

10. Types of propellent
• Black powder
• Smokeless powder
• Semi-smokeless powder

11. Black powder:-

15. Semi- smokeless powder:-
• Semi-smokeless is not a mix of BP and smokeless. It's just
really poor smokeless.
• Very early smokeless power was exactly smokeless and
some powders today aren't either
• Forr example.
Gun Cotton is the common name for nitrocellulose.

16. Forensic analysis:-
• With the help of primers and propellent forensic identification of
bullets and firearms can b done.
• As the gunpowder can found from the scene of firing, from victims
and On culprit too, therefore identification of GSR(gun shot
residue) can b done.