This document discusses encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection. It notes that herpes simplex virus is a common cause. There are two main types: primary encephalitis results from direct viral infection of the brain, while secondary encephalitis results from an immune system response to infection elsewhere in the body. Symptoms can range from mild headaches and sensitivity to light to confusion, slower movements, hallucinations, and coma. Diagnosis involves tests such as PCR, virus culture, and ELISA to detect viral antigens in the brain or antibodies in the blood. Treatment options for herpes simplex encephalitis include antiviral drugs like aciclovir.

1. Presented by:
Pallavi G. Shiwankar
St. Francis De Sales College,
Seminary Hills, Nagpur

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Etiology
 Types
 Pathogenesis
 Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment
 References

3. Encephalitis is the
inflammation of brain
caused by the viral infection.
The annual incidence of
HSVE is estimated to be 1-4
cases/1000000.
70% of cases results from
reactivation of latent
infection.
30% results from 10
infection.
ENCEPHALITIS

4. ETIOLOGY
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS(HSV)
•Enveloped, icosahedral virus.
•Family: Herpeviridae.
•Genome: double stranded linear
DNA(152kb).
•Diameter: 110-200nm.
•81 viral proteins
HSV
HSV1 Oral herpes
HSV2 Genital herpes

5. There Are Two Main Types Of
Encephalitis:
•when a virus or other
agent directly infects
the brain.
Primary
encephalitis
•Resultsfrom a faulty
immune system.
Secondary
encephalitis

6. PATHOGENESIS

7. Comparison Between The Normal
Brain And Infected Brain

8. SYMPTOMS

9. some mild
symptoms
Sensitivity to light
Confusion
Slower
movements
Coma
Hallucinations
Unconsciousness

10. Constant crying
Body stiffness
Poor appetite

11. DIAGNOSIS
METODS
PCR
Virus
culture ELISA

12. ELISA
 Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay.
 For detection of antigen.
Direct ELISA Indirect ELISA
Sandwich ELISA
Competitive
ELISA

13. DIAGNOSIS
(a) Direct ELISA

14. (b) Indirect ELISA

15. (c) Sandwich ELISA

16. (d) Competitive ELISA

17. TREATMENT
Aciclovir Ganciclovir Famiciclovir
Paracitamol Valaciclovir
Topical
lidocaine

18. REFERENCES
 Michael J. Brashaw, Arun Venkatesan(2016).Herpes
simplex virus encephalitis in adults:
pathophysiology, diagnosis and management,
neurotherapeutics, pp.493-508,v.13(3)
 Gaurab Karki(2018). Herpes simplex virus(HSV):
structure and genome, mode of
transmission,pathogenesis, infection, laboratory
diagnosis and treatment, pp.2-5.

19. REFERENCES
 Janis Kuby, Barbara A. Osborne(1992).Immunology,
5th edition.
 Dr. Charles Bryan. Infectious disease chapter ten,
central nervous system infections, University of
South Carolina school of medicine.
 P E G Kennedy, A Chaudruri. Herpes simplex
encephalitis, Neurology, Neurosurgery and
Psychiatry, vol.73, Issue 3.
 WWW.assignmentpoint.com/science/medical/enc
ephalitis.html