Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the most common reason for liver transplantation
In the United States, an estimated 1.2 million Americans are living with chronic Hepatitis B and 3.2 are living with chronic Hepatitis C
Many do not know they are infected
Each year an estimated 21,000 persons become infected with Hepatitis A; 35,000 with Hepatitis B, and 17,000 with Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A – fecal/oral, contaminated food, vaccine available
Hepatitis B – blood, semen, vertical (mother-child), vaccine available
Hepatitis C – blood (IV drug use, transfusion, organ donation, unsterile injecting equipment, sexual intercourse)
Hepatitis D – survives only in cells co-infected with hepatitis B
Hepatitis E* – contaminated food or water, fecal/oral
*causes short-term disease and is not a chronic carrier state
all information about
it include :-
1- DEFINITION
2- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3- MECHANISM
4- RISK FACTOR
5- COMPLICATIONS
6- PRECAUTION
7- PREVENTION
8- EPIDEMIOLOGY
9- TREATMENT
and finally video about the mechanism of action
if you van not open it
hit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuUfGeoN_cw
i hope it meet what you want
Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and the most common reason for liver transplantation
In the United States, an estimated 1.2 million Americans are living with chronic Hepatitis B and 3.2 are living with chronic Hepatitis C
Many do not know they are infected
Each year an estimated 21,000 persons become infected with Hepatitis A; 35,000 with Hepatitis B, and 17,000 with Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A – fecal/oral, contaminated food, vaccine available
Hepatitis B – blood, semen, vertical (mother-child), vaccine available
Hepatitis C – blood (IV drug use, transfusion, organ donation, unsterile injecting equipment, sexual intercourse)
Hepatitis D – survives only in cells co-infected with hepatitis B
Hepatitis E* – contaminated food or water, fecal/oral
*causes short-term disease and is not a chronic carrier state
all information about
it include :-
1- DEFINITION
2- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
3- MECHANISM
4- RISK FACTOR
5- COMPLICATIONS
6- PRECAUTION
7- PREVENTION
8- EPIDEMIOLOGY
9- TREATMENT
and finally video about the mechanism of action
if you van not open it
hit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuUfGeoN_cw
i hope it meet what you want
Hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection a silent epidemicAung Zayar Paing
Myanmar is one of the countries with high HBV prevalence. Compared to other diseases like TB, HIV and malaria, HBV received less attention than it should to be educated, tested, vaccinated and treated.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. OBJECTIVES
Introduction
Mode of transmission
Viral structure
Acute hepatitis B infection
Chronic hepatitis B infection
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
Prevention
3. INTRODUCTION
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver
The condition can be self limiting or can
progress to scarring(fibrosis), liver cancer or
cirrhosis.
4. INTRODUCTION…..
Hepatitis viruses are the common cause of
hepatitis
Other causes are alcohol, drugs and
autoimmune diseases
There are five main hepatitis viruses, type A,
B, C, D, and E
5. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Transmitted through intravenous routes
Infected blood product
Contaminated needle of intravenous drug
abuser
Tattooists
Heterosexuals with multiple partners or
contact with infected persons
Sexual intercourse in male homosexual
Vertical transmission mother to child during
delivery
6. VIRAL STRUCTURE
The virus is Dane particles consists:
Outer surface coat – the hepatitis surface
antigen(HBsAg)
Inner core - consists double strand DNA
polymerase/reverse transcriptase
Core antigen(HBcAg) and e
antigen(HBeAg).
hepatitis e antigen is produce in excess
during active viral replication and its
detection in the serum show a higher
7. ACUTE HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Acute HBV infection may be asymptomatic or
symptomatic
Seldom associate with rashes, or polyathritis
affecting the small joints
If HBsAg is present a full profile is performed
8. ACUTE HEPATITIS B INFECTION….
The Viral marker of HBV:
HBsAg- is originate in acute Hepatitis and
persists in chronic carriers
HBsAg with HBeAg – is presence in acute
hepatitis, its existence in chronic HBV
infection is associated with increased
infectivity and progress to chronic liver
diseases
9. ACUTE HEPATITIS B INFECTION…..
HBsAg with anti-HBe – occurs in
improvement on acute infection, in chronic
infection specify decreased infectivity
Anti- HBs – come out late and signify
immunity
HBV DNA – imply constant viral replication
10. ACUTE HEPATITIS B INFECTION…..
Most patients recover completely from acute
HBV, this marked by the disappearance of
HBsAg, development of antibody to surface
antigen(anti-HBs)and immunity to
subsequent infection
Minority of patient do not clear HBsAg from
serum and become chronic carriers.
11. ACUTE HEPATITIS B INFECTION….
Risk of developing chronic HBV infection is
inversely related to age at the time of
infection
90% of infants infected at birth will become
chronically infected with HBV, but only about
5% of adult
12. CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION
About 3-5% of patients with acute HBV
progress to chronic hepatitis
The condition may be asymptomatic, or
presence with established liver diseases and
the sign of chronic liver disease in physical
examination
13. CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION…..
Serum liver biochemistry transferase is
usually abnormal, liver biopsy and
histological examination will show the
severity of diseases varying from mild
inflammatory changes to established
cirrhosis
14. CLINICAL FEATURES
Jaundice
Fever
Loss of body hair
Spider naevi
Gyenacomastia
Finger clubbing
Liver(small/large)
Dupuytren’s
contracture
Scratch mark
Testicular atrophy
Ascites
Edema
Hepatic flap
Splenomegally
15. INVESTIGATION
Hepatitis B panel
HBV DNA test
Serum bilirubin
PT, PTT, INR
AST, ALT
HIV test
CBC
Gamma-glutamyl
transpeptidase
(GGT)
Alkaline
phosphatase (ALP)
Alphafetal protein
16. TREATMENT
The primary treatment goals for patients
with hepatitis B (HBV) infection are:
To prevent progression of the disease,
particularly to cirrhosis, liver failure, and
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
17. TREATMENT…..
Risk factors for progression of chronic HBV
include the following :
Persistently elevated levels of HBV DNA
and, in some patients, alanine
aminotransferase (ALT)
Male sex
Older age
18. TREATMENT…..
Family history of HCC
Elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Coinfection with hepatitis D (delta) virus
(HDV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
19. TREATMENT….
For acute HBV give:
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or
Entecavir (ETV).
In patients with HBV who are coinfected with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it may
be possible to simplify treatment regimens
with agents that have dual effectiveness
against both viruses e.g Tenoforvir +
Lamivudine + Efarvirenz
20. PREVENTION
Screening prenatal pregnancy women to
prevent vertical transmission
Hepatitis B vaccine
The three major risk groups (heterosexuals
with multiple partners or contact with infected
persons, injection-drug users, and men who
have sex with men)should be vaccinated
against HBV.
