What is HEAT?
Form of energy and measured in JOULES
Particles move about more and take up more room if heated – this is why things expand if heated
It is also why substances change from: solids liquids gases when heated
“HEAT”
Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer bodies to colder bodies.
It is viewed as a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
The SI unit of heat is joule (J).
Common unit of heat is calorie.
CALORIE the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one gram of water from the pressure of the atmosphere.
TEMPERATURE
LAYMAN’S TERM
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Molecular level
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of these molecules.
Based from our sensory experiences:
“Can we use our senses to determine temperature?”
THERMOMETER
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
The most common type of the thermometer.
THERMOCOUPLE
-two different metals (usually copper and iron) that are twisted together
INFRARED THERMOGRAMS
-a device (camera) that measures the amount of radiant energy given off by an object
TEMPERATURE SCALES
TEMPERATURE SCALES
Heat is the energy transferred from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.
Energy in the form of heat always flows from hot to cold.
“HEAT”
Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer bodies to colder bodies.
It is viewed as a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
The SI unit of heat is joule (J).
Common unit of heat is calorie.
CALORIE the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one gram of water from the pressure of the atmosphere.
TEMPERATURE
LAYMAN’S TERM
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Molecular level
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of these molecules.
Based from our sensory experiences:
“Can we use our senses to determine temperature?”
THERMOMETER
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
The most common type of the thermometer.
THERMOCOUPLE
-two different metals (usually copper and iron) that are twisted together
INFRARED THERMOGRAMS
-a device (camera) that measures the amount of radiant energy given off by an object
TEMPERATURE SCALES
TEMPERATURE SCALES
Heat is the energy transferred from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.
Energy in the form of heat always flows from hot to cold.
Transmission of heat. Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Applications, Workin...Aq Sa
Heat is the thermal energy that flows from an object at higher temperature to an object at lower temperature.
The transfer of heat energy from one object to the other is called transmission of heat. Heat energy transfers in three ways,
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
Conduction
If one end of a metal rod is heated with a flame,
the other end will also get heated up after a while. The heat energy is transferred from one end of the rod to the other without the actual movement of particles (atoms or molecules) of the rod. Such a mode of transmission of heat is called conduction.
The transfer of heat through matter without the actual movement of particles from their position is called conduction.
Conduction occurs in solids, liquids and gases, but solids usually conduct heat better than liquids or gases.
In solids, the particles are held very close to each other. They vibrate constantly. When we heat one part of a solid, the particles gain heat energy and start vibrating faster. During their vibration they collide nearby particles and also cause them to vibrate fast. In this way, the particles of hot part of a solid transfer heat to those in the colder parts.
Good and Bad Conductors
Different materials conduct heat at different rates. Materials which allow heat to flow through them easily are called good conductors of heat. Solids such as metals are good conductors of heat.
Materials which do not allow heat to flow through them easily are called bad conductors of heat or heat insulators. Solids such as wood, glass, plastic, styrofoam, etc. are bad conductors of heat. All liquids (except mercury which is a liquid metal) and gases are also bad conductors of heat.
Why metals are better conductors than non-metals?
All solids (metals and non-metals) are made of tiny particles called molecules. But, some solids conduct heat better than others. Put a metal and a plastic spoon in hot water. Which one is a good conductor of heat, metal or plastic? When both spoons receive heat energy, the particles (atoms or molecules) at the hot end of each spoon vibrate fast and collide into neighbouring particles. These particles transfer heat energy to next neighboring particles.
Particles in metals are packed more closely together than non-metals. Metals can transmit heat energy more readily than non-metals (wood, plastic, etc.). The presence of free electrons also speeds up the transfer of heat in metals. When the metal spoon gets heated, the free electrons gain kinetic energy and move farther towards the colder parts of the metal spoon. They collide the atoms in the colder parts and transfer heat energy to them. In metals, heat energy is transferred from one place to another both by the vibrations of particles as well as by the movement of free electrons. That is why metals are good conductors of heat than non-metals(insulators).
Conduction in Liquids and Gases
The process of conduction in liquids and gases is very slow as compared to solids.
Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so. Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries, but over time more and more of a democratic country's inhabitants have generally been included.
Kasanayan sa pagsulat
Filipino
Ang Filipino , ay ang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Itinalaga ang Filipino kasama ang Ingles, bilang isang opisyal na wika ng bansa. Isa itong pamantayang uri ng wikang Tagalog, isang pang-rehiyong wikang Austronesyo na malawak na sinasalita sa Pilipinas.
Filipino 11
Akademikong Pagsulat Abstrak
Ang Filipino , ay ang pambansang wika ng Pilipinas. Itinalaga ang Filipino kasama ang Ingles, bilang isang opisyal na wika ng bansa. Isa itong pamantayang uri ng wikang Tagalog, isang pang-rehiyong wikang Austronesyo na malawak na sinasalita sa Pilipinas.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
1. HEAT ENERGYHEAT ENERGY
What is HEAT?
Form of energy and measured in
JOULES
Particles move about more and take up
more room if heated – this is why things
expand if heated
It is also why substances change from:
solids liquids gases
when heated
Visit www.worldofteaching.com for more free powerpoints
2. Heat and TemperatureHeat and Temperature
The temperature of an object tells us how
HOT it is
Measured in degrees Celsius - °C
It is NOT the same as heat energy although
the two quantities are related.
e.g. a beaker of water at 60 °C is hotter
than a bath of water at 40 °C BUT the
bath contains more joules of heat energy
3. Heating and CoolingHeating and Cooling
If an object has become hotter,
it means that it has gained heat energy.
If an object cools down, it means it has
lost energy
4. Heating and Cooling cont…Heating and Cooling cont…
Heat energy always moves from:
HOT object COOLER object
e.g.Cup of water at 20 °C in a room at 30°C -
gains heat energy and heats up – its temperature
rises
Cup of water at 20 °C in a room at 10°C
loses heat energy and cools down – its
temperature will fall.
6. Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales
Three different ones get used
Fahrenheit- the one we use
Celsius- metric standard
Kelvin- starts at absolute zero but
same degree size as Celsius
7. HistoryHistory
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Chose two reference points
Coldest (mixture of salt, water, ice) 0F
Body temperature 96 (slightly in error = 98.6)
First to utilize mercury
Anders Celius
His two reference points: boiling point of water and
the freezing point of water
Lord Kelvin
Zero point is absolute zero (-273.15o
C) and 0o
C is
273.15 K
9. Sample ProblemsSample Problems
1.Water freezes at 32°F, what is this in
Celsius?
2. Water boils at 100°C. What is this in
Fahrenheit? In Kelvin?
3. Methanol boils at 75°C, what is this in
Fahrenheit?, in Kelvin?
11. ConductionConduction
Heat is transferred through a material by
being passed from one particle to the next
Particles at the warm end move faster and
this then causes the next particles to move
faster and so on.
In this way heat in an object travels from:
the HOT end the cold end
12. Conduction cont…Conduction cont…
Occurs by the particles hitting each other
and so energy is transferred.
Can happen in solids, liquids and gases,
Happens best in solids-particles very close
together
Conduction does not occur very quickly in
liquids or gases
13. ConductorsConductors
Materials that conduct heat quickly are
called conductors
All metals are good conductors of heat
Copper is a very good conductor of heat
Pans for cooking are usually made with a
copper or aluminium bottom and plastic
handles
14. Insulators/poor conductorsInsulators/poor conductors
Materials that conduct heat slowly or poorly are
called insulators
Glass, wood, plastic and rubber are poor
conductors (good insulators)
Nearly all liquids including water are poor
conductors (good insulators)
Gases, including air are poor conductors,e.g., wool
feels warm because it traps a lot of air
A fridge has insulation material round it to keep it
cold – reduces amount of heat conducted to inside
from the warmer room
15. ConvectionConvection
Takes place in material where particles can
move around inside the material, i.e. liquid or
gas
The heat is carried by the particles themselves
moving Convection
currents
Occur because an area with warm particles
expands and becomes less dense than the
cooler areas nearby. The warm area rises.
Cooler particles fall into the space left by the
warm particles and convection current is set up
16. Convection CurrentsConvection Currents
Hot liquids and gases expand and rise
while the cooler liquid or gas falls
1. Hot air rises
2. Goes across
3. Then down
4. And across
17. Convection cont…Convection cont…
The sun can cause large convection
currents - WINDS
During daytime the land warms up more
than the sea. The warm air rises over the
land and cool air falls over the sea. So we
feel a sea breeze.
Rising convection currents can be uses by
glider pilots to keep their planes in the air
and by birds to stay aloft.
18. RadiationRadiation
Transfer of heat directly form the source to the
object by a wave, travelling as rays.
Heat radiation is also known as
All objects that are hotter than their surroundings
give out heat as infra-red radiation
Heat transfer by radiation does not need particles
to occur and is the only way energy can be
transferred across empty space
INFRA-RED
RADIATION
19. EmittersEmitters
Hotter objects emit (give out) heat
Different surfaces emit heat at different speeds
A dull black surfaces loses energy more
quickly – it is a good radiator
A bright shiny or white surface is a poor
radiator
Marathon runners need to keep warm at the end
of races, covering in shiny blankets reduces
radiation and therefore heat loss.
21. AbsorbersAbsorbers
Cooler objects absorb (take in) heat
Substances absorb heat at different speeds
Dull, black surfaces absorb heat quickly
Bright, shiny surfaces absorb heat slowly
In hot countries, people wear bright white
clothes and paint their houses white to reduce
absorption of energy from the sun.
Petrol storage tanks sprayed silver to reflect
sun’s rays