This document discusses different types of energy including chemical, mechanical, heat, and kinetic energy. It provides examples of energy transformations, such as chemical energy from food being transformed into heat and kinetic energy when muscles contract. Potential energy is stored energy an object has due to its position or state, while kinetic energy is energy of motion. Thermal energy deals with heat transfer, and can move through radiation, conduction, or convection. Temperature is a measure of the average thermal energy of particles in an object or system.

1. Energy Chapter 12

2. Energy Energy is the ability to cause change. It could change temperature, speed, position, shape or direction of an object. There are many different types of energy. There is heat energy in the form of light. There is chemical energy in the form of food. There is mechanical energy when you drive your car. When you use energy to change things, the energy used often changes as well. An example is when the chemical energy in fireworks turn into light and heat energy.

3. Energy Whenever energy changes its called an energy transformation. This occurs in your bodies also. When you eat pasta or a big Mac you are eating chemical energy. When your muscles contract you use the chemical energy and turn it into heat energy so that you can play and run around. That is why you get warm when you play and eventually sweat.

4. Energy Fats are a macromolecule that contain the most energy. They contain 3x more energy than sugars. Our bodies do not use fats our first source of energy though because they are hard to break down. We use sugars and carbohydrates first because they breakdown much easier.

5. Potential & Kinetic Energy These two energy types deal with motion. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object which has motion - whether it be vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. Everything that moves has a different amount of kinetic energy, and it all depends on the mass and speed of the object. What would have more kinetic energy, a car going 5mph, or a lion running at 5mph? The car, b/c it has a lot more mass then a lion.

6. Potential & Kinetic Energy Potential Energy- is considered to be stored energy in an object. When a boulder is held at the top of the hill but is not moving it has potential energy. Its has potential to roll down the hill at a certain speed. Once the rock does roll down the hill, the potential energy transforms into kinetic energy. Potential energy goes to kinetic energy when something acts to release the stored energy. The more potential energy something has the more kinetic energy it will have.

7. Potential & Kinetic Energy A good example is a pendulum on a clock. If you pull the pendulum and hold it you are creating potential energy. When you let go, the pendulum swings and turns the potential energy into kinetic energy. The farther back you pull the pendulum the more kinetic energy will be made when you release it to swing.

8. Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy can be transferred from one object to another, when objects interact with each other. An example is when you throw a bowling ball toward the pins. When the ball interacts the pins, the move and the energy from the ball is transferred to the pins. When the ball gives some of its kinetic energy to the pins the ball actually looses energy, and slows down. H.W. pg 327 ques 1-4

9. Thermal Energy Thermal energy deals with the transfer of heat energy. When you go out in the cold and than have a cup of hot cocoa the cocoa warms you up because of its high thermal energy. Thermal energy moves from objects that are warmer to ones that are cooler. The thermal energy that moves from the warmer object to the cooler one is what we call heat.

10. Thermal Energy We base our temperatures on thermal energy. Normal body temp is 98.6 C, if you were sick it might be 102 C. This means that the molecules in your body are causing more thermal energy than normal. We measure temperature with thermometers and we have 2 different scales: Fahrenheit and Celsius.

11. Fahrenheit and Celsius Celsius is the metric systems way of calculating temperature. It is based upon the temperature characteristics of water. This scale calls the freezing point of 0 o C and its boiling point is called 100 o C. Fahrenheit is also known as the British measurement of temperature. It has water freezing at 32 o F and boiling at 212 o F.

12. How Thermal energy moves When you bake a cake the thermal energy of your oven moves and heats up the kitchen. Thermal energy moves in thre ways. Radiation- this is thermal energy that moves away from its source in all directions in the forms of waves. Ex: The suns energy and a microwave oven uses radiation to heat things with thermal energy.

13. How Thermal energy moves Conduction- is the transfer of thermal energy from one molecule to another. If you put a spoon into a hot bowl of soup, the spoon will get warmer because it conducts heat from the hot soup. Convection- is the transfer of thermal energy from one place to another in a gas or liquid form. An ex: is the wind. Wind can move radiation energy from the sun across a body of water and cause the water to be heated. H.W. pg 342 ques. 1-10

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