This document discusses hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining controls according to OHSMS 45001:2018. It provides an overview of the hazard identification and risk assessment process, including defining hazards and risks, assessing probability and severity, and determining controls. The key steps in risk assessment are outlined, such as identifying hazards, evaluating risks, and recording findings. Templates for a HIRA matrix and register are also presented. Effective hazard identification and risk assessment is important for workplace safety and compliance with standards.

1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
RISK ASSESSMENT AND
DETERMINING CONTROLS
OHSMS 45001:2018
Put your soul into your work, not your hand or foot.

2. AGENDA FOR THE PRESENTATION
WHAT IS OHSMS 45001
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DETERMINING CONTROLS.
WHAT IS HIRA
TYPES OF HAZARD
WHAT IS RISK ASSESSMENT AND ITS STEPS
TERMINOLOGY
MAJOR HAZARDS
RISK EVALUATION AND HIRA MATRIX
CONTROLS
VULNERABLE MISSOUT IN HIRA
HIRA MATRIX TEMPLATE
TIME LINE FOR COMPLETION OF HIRA REGISTER
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3. WHAT IS OHSAS 18001?
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(OHSMS)
It is an auditable protocol, against which a company's health and safety
management system can be assessed
Internationally recognized model for Occupational Health and Safety
Management systems
Enable organizations to control their OH&S risks and improve their performance
Not intended to cover product and service safety
WHAT DOES OHSAS REQUIRE?
A Health and Safety Management System must be established and maintained
Instructions and procedures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel in
compliance with relevant national and international regulations.
Part of planning must include hazard identification, risk assessment and risk
control
Accidents & nonconformities are reported and corrective actions taken
The Health and Safety Management System must be monitored by your own
internal audit system
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4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAMME
• To enable the participants to carry out risk assessments in their own areas of
responsibility.
• To Develop competent Teams who can further lead OHS risk assessment at their
respective locations.
• To develop competence for Prioritization of OHS Risks for implementation of
Operational Controls.
PDCA
Plan
Assess risk, identify applicable regulations
Do
Identify responsibility and accountability, training, communicate, control and
prepare for emergencies.
Check
Monitor, Record, Audit (Check, Examination, Review, Assessment)
Act to improve
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5. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT
AND DETERMINING CONTROLS (4.3.1)
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the
ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment, and determination of necessary controls.
The procedure(s) for hazard identification and risk assessment shall take into account:
routine and non-routine activities;
activities of all persons having access to the workplace (including contractors
and visitors);
human behaviour, capabilities and other human factors;
identified hazards originating outside the workplace capable of adversely
affecting the health and safety of persons under the control of the organization
within the workplace;
hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by work-related activities under
the control of the organization;
infrastructure, equipment and materials at the workplace, whether provided by
the organization or others;
changes or proposed changes in the organization, its activities, or materials;
modifications to the OH&S management system, including temporary changes,
and their impacts on operations, processes, and activities;
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6. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT
AND DETERMINING CONTROLS (4.3.1) Con…
Any applicable legal obligations relating to risk assessment and implementation of
necessary controls (see also the NOTE to 3.12);
The design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/equipment, operating
procedures and work organization, including their adaptation to human capabilities.
The organization’s methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment shall:
be defined with respect to its scope, nature and timing to ensure it is
proactive rather than reactive; and
provide for the identification, prioritization and documentation of risks, and
the application of controls, as appropriate.
For the management of change, the organization shall identify the OH&S hazards and
OH&S risks associated with changes in the organization, the OH&S management
system, or its activities, prior to the introduction of such changes.
The organization shall ensure that the results of these assessments are considered
when determining controls.
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7. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT
AND DETERMINING CONTROLS (4.3.1) Cont…
When determining controls, or considering changes to existing controls, consideration
shall be given to reducing the risks according to the following hierarchy:
elimination;
substitution;
engineering controls;
signage/warnings and/or administrative controls;
personal protective equipment.
The organization shall document and keep the results of identification of hazards, risk
assessments and determined controls up-to-date.
The organization shall ensure that the OH&S risks and determined controls are taken
into account when establishing, implementing and maintaining its OH&S management
system.
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8. WHAT IS HIRA
A HIRA is a risk assessment tool that can be used to assess which hazards pose the
greatest risk in terms of how likely they are to occur and how great their potential
impact may be. It is not intended to be used as a prediction tool to determine which
hazard will cause the next emergency.
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9. TYPES OF HAZARD
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HAZARD - A potential source of harm
Chemical
& Dust
Hazard
Physical
Hazards
Ergonomic
Hazards
Biological
Hazards
Chemical Hazards
• Inhalation
• Skin Contact
• Absorption
• Injection
• Ingestion
Physical Hazards
• Electrical
• Fire /Explosion
• Noise
• Radiation
• Thermal stress
• Caught in/on between; pinch
points
• Spills/Falls
• Striking Against
• Struck by
Biological Hazards
• Blood borne pathogens
• Brucellosis
• Building-related illness
• Legionnaires Disease
• Mold
• Plant and Insect poisons
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Water and wastewater
Ergonomic Hazards
• Repetition
• Forceful exertions
• Awkward postures
• Contact stress
• Vibration
• Work area design
• Tool or Equipment
Work
Organizatio
n Hazards

10. WHAT IS RISK ASSESSMENT
What is Risk?
• It is measure of the likelihood of harm occurring and the severity of that
harm.
• Or to put it more simply:
Risk= Probability X Severity
What is Assessment?
• It is an evaluation / examination of a subject in detail
What is Risk Assessment?
• It is a careful Examination of what could cause harm to People, Equipment,
Environment and Property.
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11. WHY RISK ASSESSMENT
AND WHO CAN ASSESS
Requirement of Gerdau: General Rules
To Meet the requirement of OHSAS 18001:2007 Standard.
To know the OH &S hazards and risks involved in our jobs
To classify high risk activities, Processes and establish objectives and/ or controls to avoid
harm humans & assets by eliminating or controlling hazards and risks.
Prevent Death and Personal injury and the direct and indirect cost that follow on from
accidents
ASSESSORS
Competent People
 Training, Knowledge, Experience
Team approach is beneficial b’coz here we have a combination of designate of all levels
 H &S / Technical Specialists
 Workers familiar with tasks
 Line Managers
 Supervisors
 Workers / Operators
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12. MAKING A COMPLETE
RISK ASSESSMENT
State the name/Competence of assessor
Identify significant hazards and risks
Identify Persons at Risk
 Workers / Contract workers and others e.g. Visitors
Evaluate current controls
Identify Additional Controls
Enable Employer to Priorities controls
Appropriate to the nature of work
Proportionate to risks
State time period Valid
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13. TERMINOLOGY
RESIDUAL RISK
The process by which hazards are identified, and the level of risk is determined through
quantitative or qualitative analysis
ACCEPTABLE RISK
That risk for which the probability and severity of harm are determined to be as low as
reasonably practicable.
ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable)
The point at which the cost involved to reduce risk further would be substantially
disproportionate to the benefit gained.
PROCESS
A set of interconnected steps that have defined starting and finishing points, add value to
products and services, and meet the stakeholders requirements.
PROCESS STEP
A process subdivision, with an identified product, supplier and customer.
TASK
A set of ordered, interconnected, and successive activities carried out within a Process Step
with the objective of producing a specific result.
ACTIVITY
The smallest subdivision of the execution of a task.
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14. THE 6 STEPS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
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Identify the Hazards
Identify the Causes of Failure
Prepare the Process Flow Diagram
List out the Process and Process Step
List out the Task and Position Inventory
Identify the People who might be harmed and how
Evaluate the Risks
Record the Significant Findings
Review and update as necessary
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
STEP 6

15. Step -1 EXAMPLE
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If the process is analyzed in the Area level:
Process
Melt Shop
Steps
Scrap Yard
Refractory
Electric Furnace
Refine
Casting
Tasks
Scrap Receiving
Scrap Classification
Scrap Process
Melt shop charging
Activities
Uncover the truck
Inspection
Type of scrap evaluation
Weighing
PROCESS = MELT SHOP

16. Step - 2 EXAMPLE
Fall on the same level [Slips/Trips]
Fall from Height
Fall of Objects/Tools
Fall of Objects from Hoist/Sling/Crane
Contact/ Struck with Sharp Object
Contact with Objects in Motion
[Collision with vehicles]
Contact with Moving Machinery
Caught in-between
Hot Temperature Exposure
Cold Temperature Exposure
Exposure to Dust/Fumes
Engulfment
Entangled/ Caught In
Struck By
Struck Against
Exposure to CO Gas [Asphyxiation]
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Exposure to Excessive Noise
Exposure to Vibration
Poor Illumination
Stress / Fatigue
Working Alone under psychological
/ Physical pressure
Biological Hazards
Contact with stored Energy
Contact with Chemical
Contact with Electricity
Burns
Contact with hot Metal
Exposure to Electro Magnetic Field
Exposure to UV Radiation
Fire & Explosion
Overturn
Cobble
Others
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MAJOR HAZARDS

17. Step - 3 EXAMPLE
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Identify the People who might be harmed independent
of shifts how
 Employees
 Contract workers
 Visitors

18. Step – 4 EXAMPLE
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SCALE PROBABILITY DESCRIPTION
5 Almost certain Continuous, Occurs Daily
4 Frequent Frequent, Occurs Weekly
3 Occasional Occurs once or twice in a month
2 Remote Eventual, Occurs 3 to 4 times per year
1 Rare Occurs once or Twice in a Year
PROBABILITY

19. Step – 4 EXAMPLE
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SCALE SEVERITY DESCRIPTION
5 Catastrophic Fatality, Fatal diseases or Multiple Major Injuries
4 Major
Permanent loss with more than 1500 days Lost [Includes
amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries,
occupational cancer, acute poisoning)
3 Moderate
Permanent loss with less than 1500 days Lost [Includes
lacerations, 3rd degree burns, minor fractures, partial loss
of hearing/sight]
2 Minor
Injury or ill-health requiring first-aid only [includes minor
cuts and bruises, irritation, ill health with temporary
discomfort
1 Negligible Not likely to cause injury or ill-health
SEVERITY

20. Step – 4 EXAMPLE
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Risk -A Risk-B Risk-C
HIRA MATRIX
Rare (1) Remote (2) Occasional (3) Frequent (4) Almost Certain (5)
Catastrophic (5) 5 10 15 20 25
Major (4) 4 8 12 16 20
Moderate (3) 3 6 9 12 15
Minor (2) 2 4 6 8 10
Negligible (1) 1 2 3 4 5
Severity
Probability

21. Step – 4 EXAMPLE
CONTROLS
PHYSICAL / EQUIPMENT BARRIER
Elimination
Engineering
Substitution
SYSTEMIC / PROCEDURE BARRIER
Standard Operating Procedure
Operational Control Procedure
Risk Control Procedure
BEHAVIOUR / PEOPLE BARRIER
Training
Personal Protective Equipment
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22. Step - 5 EXAMPLE
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Record the Significant Findings
 The record needs to be indexed and controlled
for regular review and updation.
 This assessment verifies that the remedy actions
have reduced the risks to an acceptable level.
.
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23. Step - 6 EXAMPLE
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Review and update as necessary
 This assessment verifies that the remedy actions
have reduced the risks to an acceptable level..

24. RISK MANAGEMENT DECISION
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25. VULNERABLE MISS OUT IN HIRA
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CONSULTATION
Worker / Operator ( Do category) to be consulted invariably in respect of Section /
Department / Activity to ascertain their occupation related issues.
CONTRACTING / SUB CONTRACTING
Contract Work / Subcontracting / Job work within the premises to be included in
the HIRA and wherever controls are planned monitoring persons are to be
assigned.
PERIODICAL REVIEW
WHENEVER THERE IS PROCESS / SUB –PROCESS / ACTIVITY CHANGE
WHENEVER THERE IS EXTENSION / EXPANSION
WHEN AN ACCIDENT TAKES PLACE

26. HIRA BENEFITS
Adoption of international best practice in relation to risk management
Ensures health and well-being of employees, sub-contractors and the public
Minimization of liability of employers through adoption of proactive rather
than reactive controls
Ensures legislative awareness and compliance
Reduces accident and incident rates by reducing and elimination of
workplace hazards
Improves the incident investigation process
Increases employee motivation through the provision of a safer workplace
and participation process
Recognize and control hazards in your workplace.
Create awareness among your employees – and use it as a training tool as
well.
Set risk management standards, based on acceptable safe practices and legal
requirements.
Save costs by being proactive instead of reactive.
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27. HIRA REGISTER TEMPLATE
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28. TIMELINE FOR HIRA REGISTER
COMPLETION
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TASK TO BE DONE BY
TARGET
DATE
HIRA REGISTER COMPILATION WITH DUE
CONSULTATION
CFT MEMBERS 25 Mar 16
VERIFICATION AND APPROVAL OF
COMPILED HIRA REGISTER
HOD’s 31 Mar 16
SCRUTINY AGAINST MATRIX AND
CONSOLIDATION WITH RESPECTIVE
PROCESS
MR - OHS 11 Apr 16
FINALISATION OF HIRA REGISTER MR & CONSULTANT 18 Apr 16

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