This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a harmonic mitigation method for a DC-AC converter without using a low pass filter. Specifically, it suggests using sine wave modulation of the converter along with injection of specific harmonics calculated using Fourier analysis to cancel out existing harmonics. A proportional-resonant integral controller is also used to eliminate any DC offset. Simulation results show the total harmonic distortion is reduced to 11.15% using this approach, avoiding the need for an output filter. The proposed method continuously monitors and mitigates harmonics in the output to improve power quality.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A Novel Hybrid Negative Half Cycle Biased Modulation Scheme for Cascaded Mult...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a new Modified hybrid modulation scheme for cascaded multilevel inverter. The proposed method employs novel single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation with its negative cycle biased (HNHCBM) for reducing switching losses when compared to other sinusoidal modulation methods using a hybrid scheme. This scheme is a derivative of various single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme and main advantages are reduced harmonics, enhanced output voltage, reduced power loss in the series cells and ease of implementation. The simulation results are analysed with matlab/simulink and compared with experimental results obtained using 5-level inverter and the results are summarized.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Analysis and Implementation of Unipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Cascad...IJAAS Team
This paper presents unipolar pulse width modulation technique with sinusoidal sampling pulse width modulation are analyzed for three-phase five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level cascaded multi-level inverter. The unipolar PWM method offers a good opportunity for the realization of the Three-phase inverter control, it is better to use the unipolar PWM method with single carrier wave compared to two reference waves. In such case the motor harmonic losses will be considerably lower.The necessary calculations for generation of unipolar pulse width modulation strategies have presented in detail. The unipolar SPWM voltage switching scheme is selected in this paper because this method offers the advantages of effectively doubling the switching frequency of the inverter voltage. The cascaded multi level inverter fed induction motor is simulated and compared the total harmonic distroction for all level (five-level, seven-level, nine-level and elevel-level)of the inverter. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A Novel Hybrid Negative Half Cycle Biased Modulation Scheme for Cascaded Mult...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a new Modified hybrid modulation scheme for cascaded multilevel inverter. The proposed method employs novel single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation with its negative cycle biased (HNHCBM) for reducing switching losses when compared to other sinusoidal modulation methods using a hybrid scheme. This scheme is a derivative of various single carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation scheme and main advantages are reduced harmonics, enhanced output voltage, reduced power loss in the series cells and ease of implementation. The simulation results are analysed with matlab/simulink and compared with experimental results obtained using 5-level inverter and the results are summarized.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Analysis and Implementation of Unipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Cascad...IJAAS Team
This paper presents unipolar pulse width modulation technique with sinusoidal sampling pulse width modulation are analyzed for three-phase five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level cascaded multi-level inverter. The unipolar PWM method offers a good opportunity for the realization of the Three-phase inverter control, it is better to use the unipolar PWM method with single carrier wave compared to two reference waves. In such case the motor harmonic losses will be considerably lower.The necessary calculations for generation of unipolar pulse width modulation strategies have presented in detail. The unipolar SPWM voltage switching scheme is selected in this paper because this method offers the advantages of effectively doubling the switching frequency of the inverter voltage. The cascaded multi level inverter fed induction motor is simulated and compared the total harmonic distroction for all level (five-level, seven-level, nine-level and elevel-level)of the inverter. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Implementation of Fan6982 Single Phase Apfc with Analog ControllerIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Active power factor orrection technique can improve the input power factor and reduce the harmonic component of the input current. In small power applications, the single-phase active power factor correction circuit of high frequency switching (APFC), reduction of the boost inductance decreases the boost inductor and filter capacitor volume, reducing the net side current ripple, improve efficiency. On the basis of describing the principle of single-phase single-stage boost APFC double closed loop control, a new duty cycle compensation method is proposed, which is based on the FAN6982 simulation and the single phase APFC of the rated output power 500W is achieved. The results show that the effect of current ripple rejection is obvious, and the input current is consistent with the input voltage phase.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using SPWM TechniquesMOHD ABDUL MUQEEM NAWAZ
The objective of this project is to reduce the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) in Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI). Three phase star connected RL load is connected to DCMLI.
In this project,PD-SPWM,POD SPWM,APOD SPWM technique is used to reduce common mode voltage
The simulation of circuit is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink.
VHDL Implementation of Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control with Level-Shifted...IAES-IJPEDS
Power electronics converters are a key component in high voltage direct
current (HVDC) power transmission. The modular multilevel converter
(MMC) is one of the latest topologies to be proposed for this application. An
MMC generates multilevel output voltage waveforms which reduces the
harmonics contents significantly. This paper presents a VHDL
implementation of the capacitor voltage balancing control and level-shifted
pulse width modulation (LSPWM) for MMC. The objective is to minimize
the processing time with minimum gate counts. The design details are fully
described and validated experimentally. An experiment is conducted on a
small scale MMC prototype with two units of power cells on each arm. The
test results are enclosed and discussed.
This Power Point Presentation includes Automatic Generation control :
Learning Objective: To illustrate the automatic frequency and voltage control strategies for single and two
area case and analyze the effects, knowing the necessity of generation control.
Learning Outcome:Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Analyze the generation-load balance in real time operation and its effect on frequency and
develop automatic control strategies with mathematical relations.
Concept of AGC, complete block diagram representation of load-frequency control of an
isolated power system, steady state and dynamic response,
Temporary voltage swells and sags appear with high frequency in electric power systems, and they significantly affect sensitive loads such as industrial manufacturing or communication devices. This paper presents a strategy to design proportional-resonant controllers for three full-bridge voltage-source converters with a common DC-link in dynamic voltage restorer systems. The proposed controllers allow the system to quickly overcome temporary unbalanced voltage sags. Simulation results carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results implemented in a Typhoon HIL402 device demonstrate the ability of the proposed design method. The results show that the system with the proposed controllers can ride-through single-phase or double-phase voltage sags up to 55% and three-phase voltage sags up to 70% in a duration less than one grid-voltage cycle.
The frequency of a system is dependent on active power balance
As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is reflected throughout the system
Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means must be provided to allocate change in demand to the generators
speed governor on each generating unit provides primary speed control function
supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation
In an interconnected system, with two or more independently controlled areas, the generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange
The control of generation and frequency is commonly known as load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC)
A novel three phase bidirectional AC buck converter circuit using power
MOSFET is analyzed for input power factor, harmonic profile and efficiency of the
converter for power quality improvement. The equal PWM (EPWM) technique is a used to
increase number of pulses per half cycle (P) in order to vary these parameters. The rms
value of the fundamental component of the output voltage can be increased by varying the
duty ratio (K) of the pulses. It is observed from the simulation results obtained using
MATLAB/simulink that the proposed scheme using EPWM technique significantly reduces
low order harmonics, eliminates certain harmonics for certain values of P, improves input
power factor and hence significantly reduces the filter size of the converter.
Implementation of Fan6982 Single Phase Apfc with Analog ControllerIJRESJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Active power factor orrection technique can improve the input power factor and reduce the harmonic component of the input current. In small power applications, the single-phase active power factor correction circuit of high frequency switching (APFC), reduction of the boost inductance decreases the boost inductor and filter capacitor volume, reducing the net side current ripple, improve efficiency. On the basis of describing the principle of single-phase single-stage boost APFC double closed loop control, a new duty cycle compensation method is proposed, which is based on the FAN6982 simulation and the single phase APFC of the rated output power 500W is achieved. The results show that the effect of current ripple rejection is obvious, and the input current is consistent with the input voltage phase.
Common Mode Voltage reduction in Diode Clamped MLI using SPWM TechniquesMOHD ABDUL MUQEEM NAWAZ
The objective of this project is to reduce the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) in Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI). Three phase star connected RL load is connected to DCMLI.
In this project,PD-SPWM,POD SPWM,APOD SPWM technique is used to reduce common mode voltage
The simulation of circuit is carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink.
VHDL Implementation of Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control with Level-Shifted...IAES-IJPEDS
Power electronics converters are a key component in high voltage direct
current (HVDC) power transmission. The modular multilevel converter
(MMC) is one of the latest topologies to be proposed for this application. An
MMC generates multilevel output voltage waveforms which reduces the
harmonics contents significantly. This paper presents a VHDL
implementation of the capacitor voltage balancing control and level-shifted
pulse width modulation (LSPWM) for MMC. The objective is to minimize
the processing time with minimum gate counts. The design details are fully
described and validated experimentally. An experiment is conducted on a
small scale MMC prototype with two units of power cells on each arm. The
test results are enclosed and discussed.
This Power Point Presentation includes Automatic Generation control :
Learning Objective: To illustrate the automatic frequency and voltage control strategies for single and two
area case and analyze the effects, knowing the necessity of generation control.
Learning Outcome:Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Analyze the generation-load balance in real time operation and its effect on frequency and
develop automatic control strategies with mathematical relations.
Concept of AGC, complete block diagram representation of load-frequency control of an
isolated power system, steady state and dynamic response,
Temporary voltage swells and sags appear with high frequency in electric power systems, and they significantly affect sensitive loads such as industrial manufacturing or communication devices. This paper presents a strategy to design proportional-resonant controllers for three full-bridge voltage-source converters with a common DC-link in dynamic voltage restorer systems. The proposed controllers allow the system to quickly overcome temporary unbalanced voltage sags. Simulation results carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results implemented in a Typhoon HIL402 device demonstrate the ability of the proposed design method. The results show that the system with the proposed controllers can ride-through single-phase or double-phase voltage sags up to 55% and three-phase voltage sags up to 70% in a duration less than one grid-voltage cycle.
The frequency of a system is dependent on active power balance
As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is reflected throughout the system
Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means must be provided to allocate change in demand to the generators
speed governor on each generating unit provides primary speed control function
supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation
In an interconnected system, with two or more independently controlled areas, the generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange
The control of generation and frequency is commonly known as load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC)
A novel three phase bidirectional AC buck converter circuit using power
MOSFET is analyzed for input power factor, harmonic profile and efficiency of the
converter for power quality improvement. The equal PWM (EPWM) technique is a used to
increase number of pulses per half cycle (P) in order to vary these parameters. The rms
value of the fundamental component of the output voltage can be increased by varying the
duty ratio (K) of the pulses. It is observed from the simulation results obtained using
MATLAB/simulink that the proposed scheme using EPWM technique significantly reduces
low order harmonics, eliminates certain harmonics for certain values of P, improves input
power factor and hence significantly reduces the filter size of the converter.
It’s a power electronics project. It is able to give output voltage(DC) more and less than input voltage as per requirement.
We can generate variable DC voltage which is less than input, but, the special things about this converter is, it has capability to produce variable DC voltage as high as twice the input voltage.
We have specially designed and manufactured inductor for this project.
In grid connected system, unity power factor current injection into the grid is vital. This can be achieved by choosing the right inverter topology, passive filter components, current controllers, and PWM switching scheme. This paper compares the output current harmonics profile between when using the conventional proportional resonant (PR) current controller and when using the modified PR current controller. By applying the latter technique, via experimental validation using TMS320F2812, the THD of the injected grid current in a parallel connected inverters system is improved.
05 9236 it landsman converter based particle edit putriIAESIJEECS
This paper proposes a novel control technique for landsman converter using particle swarm
optimization. The controller parameters are optimized by pso algorithm, the proposed algorithm is
compared with PID controller and the comparative results are presented. Simulation results shows the
dynamic performance of pso controller. Landsman converter reduction in output voltage ripple in the order
of mV along with reduced settling time as compared to the conventional PID controller. The simulated
results are executed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Ece 523 project – fully differential two stage telescopic op ampKarthik Rathinavel
• Designed a two stage op-amp with first stage as a telescopic amplifier and second stage being a common source, in Cadence.
• Simulated the loop characteristics of the amplifier to have atleast 100 MHz Unity Gain Bandwidth, 65 dB gain and 60º phase margin (both differential loop and Common Mode) for three temperature (27,-40,100) corners.
• Extracted the layout of the design in Virtuoso (after passing DRC an LVS) and simulated the differential loop performances of the extracted netlist.
• Designed a third order Butterworth filter with 100 KHz corner frequency using the op-amp.
Implementation of Full-Bridge Single-Stage Converter with Reduced Auxiliary C...IJERA Editor
The inclusion of a few additional diodes and passive elements in the high-frequency full-bridge ac–dc converter with galvanic isolation permits one to achieve sinusoidal input-current wave shaping and output-voltage regulation simultaneously without adding any auxiliary transistors. Recently, this procedure, together with an appropriate control process, has been used to obtain low-cost high-efficiency single-stage converters. In an attempt to improve the performance of such converters, this paper introduces three new single-stage full-bridge ac–dc topologies with some optimized characteristics and compares them with the ones of the existing full-bridge single-stage topologies. The approach used consists in the definition of the operating principles identifying the boost function for each topology, their operating limits, and the dependence between the two involved conversion processes. Experimental results for each topology were obtained in 500-W modular voltage disturbances that result from the input-current wave-shaping process.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive ApplicationIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper closed loop analysis of Single phase AC-DC Bridgeless Single
Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) for Power Factor Correction
(PFC) rectifier is analyzed. In this topology the absence of an input diode
bridge and the due to presence of two semiconductor switches in the current
flowing path during each switching cycle which will results in lesser
conduction losses and improved thermal management compared to the
conventional converters. In this paper the operational principles, Frequency
analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are described in
detail. Performance of the proposed SEPIC PFC rectifier is carried out using
Matlab Simulink software and results are presented.
Modified Bidirectional Converter with Current Fed InverterIJPEDS-IAES
A bidirectional dc-dc converter with multiple outputs are concatenated with a
high frequency current source parallel resonant push pull inverter is
presented in this paper. The two outputs are added together and it is taken as
the input source for the inverter. The current source parallel resonant push
pull inverter implemented here with high frequency applications like
induction heating, Fluorescent lighting, Digital signal processing sonar. This
paper proposes a simple photovoltaic power system consists of a
bidirectional converter and a current fed inverter for regulating the load
variations. Solar power is used as the input source for the system. Simulation
of the proposed system is carried out in PSIM software and experimentally
verified the results.
This paper addresses a novel approach for designing and modeling of the isolated
flyback converter. Modeling is done without parasitic as well as with parasitic components.
A detailed analysis, simulation and different control strategy are conferred for flyback
converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM). To verify the design and modeling at
primary stage, study of the converter is practiced in CCM operation for input AC voltage
230V at 50Hz and output DC voltage of 5V and 50W output power rating using PSIM 6.0
software. Simulation result shows a little ripple in output of the converter in open loop. Finally
in order to evaluate the system as well as response of the controller, flyback converter is
simulated using MATLAB. This work, highlighting the modeling when the system have
transformer and facilitate designers to go for it when they need one or more than one output
for a given application upto 150W
Development of Digital Controller for DC-DC Buck ConverterIJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a design & implementation of 3P3Z (3-pole 3-zero)
digital controller based on DSC (Digital Signal Controller) for low voltage
synchronous Buck Converter. The proposed control involves one voltage
control loop. Analog Type-3 controller is designed for Buck Converter using
standard frequency response techniques.Type-3 analog controller transforms
to 3P3Z controller in discrete domain.Matlab/Simulink model of the Buck
Converter with digital controller is developed. Simualtion results for steady
Keyword: state response and load transient response is tested using the model.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
In this paper, a new topology of Adaptive Hysteresis Band controller for Boost & Buck converter has been proposed, modeled and analyzed. The difficulties caused in Hysteresis Band (HB) controlled dc-dc converter have been eliminated using Adaptive Hysteresis Band (AHB) controller. This novel control topology can be able to maintain the switching frequency constant unlike HB controller. Thus the filter design for the converters will become easier with this controller. Again this control methodology is a robust one as it depends upon the system parameters where there was no possibility with HB controller. The Mathematical modeling of the controller is shown in this paper, further this has been simulated using Matlab /SIMULINK to generate pulse. The steady state analysis to find the parameters and the stability condition of the converter using the dynamic behavior is also portrayed in this paper. The simulation for a Boost and a Buck converter is also shown separately using AHB controller.
This paper describes the testing of boost rectification required in the back-to-
back converter used in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy
conversion systems (WECS). In this work testing is carried out on the single phase rectifier
section of back-to-back converter. Detail design of components of back to back converter is
explained. The hardware module of this back-to-back converter is fabricated in the
departmental laboratory. dSPACE and Microcontroller 8051 is used for implementing the
control. Results show that required boosting is satisfactorily obtained.
Similar to Harmonic Mitigation Method for the DC-AC Converter in a Single Phase System (20)
Beaglebone Black Webcam Server For SecurityIJTET Journal
Web server security using BeagleBone Black is based on ARM Cortex-A8 processor and Linux operating system
is designed and implemented. In this project the server side consists of BeagleBone Black with angstrom OS and interfaced
with webcam. The client can access the web server by proper authentication. The web server displays the web page forms
like home, video, upload, settings and about. The home web page describes the functions of Web Pages. The video Web page
displays the saved videos in the server and client can view or download the videos. The upload web page is used by the client
to upload the files to server. The settings web page is used to change the username, password and date if needed. The about web page provides the description of the project
Biometrics Authentication Using Raspberry PiIJTET Journal
Biometric authentication is one of the most popular and accurate technology. Nowadays, it is used in many real time
applications. However, recognizing fingerprints in Linux based embedded computers (raspberry pi) is still a very complex problem.
This entire work is done on the Linux based embedded computer called raspberry pi , in which database creation and management
using postgresql, web page creation using PHP language, fingerprint reader access, authentication and recognition using python were
entirely done on raspberry pi This paper discusses on the standardized authentication model which is capable of extracting the
fingerprints of individual and store that in database . Then I use the final fingerprint to match with others in fingerprints present in the
database (postgresql) to show the capability of this model.
Conceal Traffic Pattern Discovery from Revealing Form of Ad Hoc NetworksIJTET Journal
Number of techniques has been planned supported packet secret writing to safeguard the
communication in MANETs. STARS functioning supported stastical characteristics of captured raw traffic.
STARS discover the relationships of offer to destination communication. To forestall STAR attack associate
offer hidding technique is introduced.The pattern aims to derive the source/destination probability distribution.
that's the probability for each node to entire traffic captured with link details message source/destination and
conjointly the end-to-end link probability distribution that's the probability for each strive of nodes to be
associate end-to-end communication strive. thence construct point-to-point traffic originate and then derive the
end-to-end traffic with a set of traffic filtering rules; thus actual traffic protected against revelation attack.
Through this protective mechanism efficiency of traffic enlarged by ninety fifth from attacked traffic. For a lot of
sweetening to avoid overall attacks second shortest path is chosen.
Node Failure Prevention by Using Energy Efficient Routing In Wireless Sensor ...IJTET Journal
The most necessary issue that has to be solved in coming up with an information transmission rule for
wireless unplanned networks is a way to save unplanned node energy whereas meeting the wants of applications
users because the unplanned nodes are battery restricted. Whereas satisfying the energy saving demand, it’s
conjointly necessary to realize the standard of service. Just in case of emergency work, it's necessary to deliver the
information on time. Achieving quality of service in is additionally necessary. So as to realize this demand, Power -
efficient Energy-Aware routing protocol for wireless unplanned networks is planned that saves the energy by
expeditiously choosing the energy economical path within the routing method. When supply finds route to
destination, it calculates α for every route. The worth α is predicated on largest minimum residual energy of the trail
and hop count of the trail. If a route has higher α, then that path is chosen for routing the information. The worth of α
are higher, if the most important of minimum residual energy of the trail is higher and also the range of hop count is
lower. Once the trail is chosen, knowledge is transferred on the trail. So as to extend the energy potency any
transmission power of the nodes is additionally adjusted supported the situation of their neighbour. If the neighbours
of a node are closely placed thereto node, then transmission vary of the node is diminished. Thus it's enough for the
node to own the transmission power to achieve the neighbour at intervals that vary. As a result transmission power
of the node is cut back that later on reduces the energy consumption of the node. Our planned work is simulated
through Network machine (NS-2). Existing AODV and Man-Min energy routing protocol conjointly simulated
through NS-2 for performance comparison. Packet Delivery quantitative relation, Energy Consumption and end-toend
delay.
Prevention of Malicious Nodes and Attacks in Manets Using Trust worthy MethodIJTET Journal
In Manet the first demand is co-operative communication among nodes. The malicious nodes might cause security issues like grey hole and cooperative attacks. To resolve these attack issue planning Dynamic supply routing mechanism, that is referred as cooperative bait detection theme (CBDS) that integrate the advantage of each proactive and reactive defence design is used. In region attacks, a node transmits a malicious broadcast informing that it's the shortest path to the destination, with the goal of intercepting messages. During this case, a malicious node (so-called region node) will attract all packets by victimisation solid Route Reply (RREP) packet to incorrectly claim that “fake” shortest route to the destination then discard these packets while not forwarding them to the destination. In grey hole attacks, the malicious node isn't abs initio recognized in and of itself since it turns malicious solely at a later time, preventing a trust-based security resolution from detective work its presence within the network. It then by selection discards/forwards the info packets once packets undergo it. During this we have a tendency to focus is on detective work grey hole/collaborative region attacks employing a dynamic supply routing (DSR)-based routing technique.
Effective Pipeline Monitoring Technology in Wireless Sensor NetworksIJTET Journal
Wireless detector nodes are a promising technology to play three-dimensional applications. Even it
will sight correct lead to could on top of ground and underground. In solid underground watching system makes
some challenges are there to propagating the signals. The detector node is moving entire the underground
pipeline and sending information to relay node that's placed within the on top of ground. If any relay node is
unsuccessful during this condition suggests that it'll not sending the info. In this watching system can specially
designed as a heterogeneous networks. Every high power relay nodes most covers minimum 2 low power relay
node. If any relay node is unsuccessful within the network, the constellation can modification mechanically
supported the heterogeneous network. The high power relay node is change the unsuccessful node and sending
the condition of pipeline. The benefits are thought-about to be extremely distributed, improved packet delivery
Raspberry Pi Based Client-Server Synchronization Using GPRSIJTET Journal
A low cost Internet-based attendance record embedded system for students which uses wireless technology to
transfer data between the client and server is designed. The proposed system consist of a Raspberry Pi which acts as a
client which stores the details of the students in the database by using user login system using web. When the user logs
into the database the data is sent through GPRS to the server machine which maintains the records of the employees and
the attendance is updated in the server database. The GPRS module provides a bidirectional real-time data transfer
between the client and server. This system can be implemented to any real time application so as to retrieve information
from a data source of the client system and send a file to the remote server through GPRS. The main aim is to avoid the
limitations in Ethernet connection and design a low cost and efficient attendance record system where the data is
transferred in a secure way from the client database and updated in the server database using GPRS technology
ECG Steganography and Hash Function Based Privacy Protection of Patients Medi...IJTET Journal
Data hiding can hide sensitive information into signals for covert communication. Most data hiding
techniques will distort the signal in order to insert additional messages. The distortion is often small; the irreversibility is
not admissible to some sensitive techniques. Most of the applications, lossless data hiding is desired to extract the
embedded data and the original host signal. The project proposes the enhancement of protection system for secret data
communication through encrypted data concealment in ECG signals of the patient. The proposed encryption technique
used to encrypt the confidential data into unreadable form and not only enhances the safety of secret carrier information by
making the information inaccessible to any intruder having a random method. For that we use twelve square ciphering
techniques. The technique is used make the communication between the sender and the receiver to be authenticated is hash
function. To evaluate the effectiveness of ECG wave at the proposed technique, distortion measurement techniques of two
are used, the percentage residue difference (PWD) and wavelets weighted PRD. Proposed technique provides high security protection for patient data with low distortion is proven in this proposed system.
An Efficient Decoding Algorithm for Concatenated Turbo-Crc CodesIJTET Journal
In this paper, a hybrid turbo decoding algorithm is used, in which the outer code, Cyclic Redundancy Check code is
not used for detection of errors as usual but for error correction and improvement. This algorithm effectively combines the iterative
decoding algorithm with Rate-Compatible Insertion Convolution Turbo Decoding, where the CRC code and the turbo code are
regarded as an integrated whole in the Decoding process. Altogether we propose an effective error detecting method based on
normalized Euclidean distance to compensate for the loss of error detection capability which should have been provided by CRC
code. Simulation results show that with the proposed approach, 0.5-2dB performance gain can be achieved for the code blocks
with short information length
Improved Trans-Z-source Inverter for Automobile ApplicationIJTET Journal
In this paper a new technology is proposed with a replacement of conventional voltage source/current
source inverter with Improved Trans-Z-source inverter in automobile applications. The improved Trans-Z-source
inverter has a high boost inversion capability and continues input current. Also this new inverter can suppress the
resonant current at the startup; this resonant current in the startup may lead the device to permanent damage. In
improved Trans-Z-source inverter a couple inductor is needed, instead of this coupled inductor a transformer is used.
By using a transformer with sufficient turns ratio the size can be reduced. The turn’s ratio of the transformer decides
the input voltage of the inverter. In this paper operating principle, comparison with conventional inverters, working
with automobiles simulation results, THD analysis, Hardware implementation using ATMEGA 328 P are included.
Wind Energy Conversion System Using PMSG with T-Source Three Phase Matrix Con...IJTET Journal
This paper presents an analysis of a PMSG wind power system using T-Sourcethree phase matrix converter. PMSG using T-Source three phase matrix converterhas advantages that it can provide any desired AC output voltage regardless of DC input with regulation in shoot-through time. In this control system T-Source capacitor voltage can be kept stable with variations in the shoot-through time, maximum power from the wind turbine to be delivered. Inaddition, of a new future, the converter employs a safe-commutation strategy toconduct along a continuous current flow, which results in theelimination of voltage spikes on switches without the need for a snubber circuit. With the use of matrix converter the surely need forrectifier circuit and passive components to store energy arereduced. The MATLAB/Simulinkmodel of the overall system is carried out and theoretical wind energy conversion output load voltage calculations are madeand feasibility of the new topology has been verified and that theconverter can produce an output voltage and output current. This proposed method has greater efficiency and lower cost.
Comprehensive Path Quality Measurement in Wireless Sensor NetworksIJTET Journal
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Harmonic Mitigation Method for the DC-AC Converter in a Single Phase System
1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
VOLUME 5 ISSUE 2 – MAY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303
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Harmonic Mitigation Method for the DC-AC
Converter in a Single Phase System
PrabhuPratap Singh.C.S Lakhmanan.M
Anna University,Chennai, EEE Anna University, Chennai, EEE
csppsingh@yahoo.in lakshmanan.muthuramu@gmail.com
Abstract-This project suggest a sine-wave modulation technique is to achieve a low total harmonic distortion of Buck-
Boost converter connected to a changing polarity inverter in a system. The suggested technique improves the harmonic
content of the output. In addition, a proportional-resonant Integral controller is used along with harmonic compensation
techniques for eliminating the DC component in the system. Also, the performance of the Proposed controller is analyzed
when it connecting to the converter. The design of Buck-Boost converter is fed by modulated sine wave Pulse width
modulation technique are proposed to mitigate the low order harmonics and to control the output current. So, that the
output complies within the standard limit without use of low pass filter.
Keywords- DC-AC converter, PWM, Proportional Resonant controller, Injected harmonics, Fourier analysis
I Introduction
The rapid development of renewable energies will
increase the quality of power supplies, efficient and
cheap in generation. Most of the renewable energies
generate DC power, so there is in need of at least one
inverter at the load side. Many commercial inverters are
available in the market. Most of those inverters are use
the variation of sine PWM full bridge inverter, because
of simplicity in design. Additionally low pass filter
isused at the load side to mitigate the harmonics content
of the output. Although the main hurdles of this
application are increased size, cost due to the filter and
losses of the semiconductor switches performing the
inverting operation at the inverter and converter. Several
PWM methods are proposed to reduce the Harmonic
content. Selective Harmonic elimination solves the
transcendental equations characterizing the harmonics,
So that appropriate switching angles are computed.
Theoretically it was prove as satisfying Method. But
quite difficult to do online and the solution these
equations is computationally intensive.Other methods
including the modification carrier signal or reference
sine wave. All of them are open loop schemes and
ignoring the existing harmonic content of the grid
voltage or the distortion caused by the load. They can
able to reduce harmonics in PWM itself and not at the
terminal bus. Also, Sine wave modulated technique is
used in converter cascaded inverter for improving the
harmonic content when the supplied by an ideal constant
DC source.
Fig.1 Converter topology
In this project, sine – wave modulation of the converter
is improved to minimize the remaining output voltage of
the capacitor when the inverter swaps polarity. Specific
harmonics are injected in order to improve theharmonic
content of the output. However, the injected harmonics
are pre-calculated, according to the expected harmonic
in the system created by PWM itself. In this paper,
output harmonic is continuously monitored and
mitigated. Computational power is consumed mostly for
the measurement of the angle and magnitude of output
harmonics rather than creation of cancellation of the
harmonics. The main controller is PRI controller to
mitigate any DC Offset in the control loop will
propagate through the system. An integral controller is
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used along with the PR controller to ensure that there is
no DC in the output of the inverter side.
2 PWM Techniques and its modification
2.1 Previously proposed techniques:
The duty cycle of the converter is continuously
calculated under constant frequency, so the output DC
voltage equals the rectifier voltage.
D=VDC out/ (VDC out +VDC in)…. (1)
The inverter output containing the higher order
harmonics caused by switching operation of the
switches. The method of modulation is to reduce the
remaining DC voltage at the output of the DC converter
is reduced. When the capacitor has low level of voltage,
then the harmonic contents are improved.
Fig.2. Block diagram of the DC elimination
The idea of reduction of remaining voltage of the
capacitor is accomplished from the block diagram of
Fig. 2. First the ac voltage is sampled in the process.
Then, the Vac, rms and Reference voltage is compared
in the error compensation block .then the duty cycle of
the sine wave of 50HZ is multiplied with error
compensation. Finally the resultant output is compared
with triangular carrier waveform. Initially, the ac
voltage is rectification is proposed for VDC min error
compensation and integrated with comparator for duty
cycle generation.
2.2. Suggested modulation technique
In order to tackle the low order harmonics, cancellation
scheme was proposed with Adaptive harmonic
compensation techniques based on the injection of
mirror harmonics during the construction of the
modulation signal of the DC converter. Harmonic
content of the output is calculated with Fourier analysis.
Then, add low order harmonics to modulation sine wave
of the fundamental frequency, but phase difference of
180 degree to the output harmonics is to be eliminated.
hA(t)=A sin (2*pi*f*t + a)
hB(t)=B sin(2*pi*f*t + b)
hC(t)=C sin(2*pi*f*t + c)……..(2)
Where A,B, C and a, b, c are the phase and magnitudes
and phase angles.
All the three harmonics are at the same frequency, so
convert the function (2) to phasors.
hA(t) to AeJA
hB(t) to Bejb
hC(t) to Cejc
………(3)
The resulting harmonics equals the summation of the
injected and existing harmonics.
Knowing the magnitude and phase of each harmonic in
the output, without harmonic injection, allows us to set
the magnitude of the mirror harmonic injected in this
iteration. Then it will allow for Fourier analysis of the
output to perform again.
Fig.3. creation of pulses for converter
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Fig.4. VDC min elimination
3 Current control scheme with modulation
technique:
The PRI controller was introduced in the converter to
ensure that there is no DC offset in the output side.
Many current controlling scheme was implemented for
current control in the inverter side .In this project,
Current control scheme was implemented in the
Converter side to enhance the modulation technique.
Multi-resonant controller are used with selective
harmonic elimination for improving the harmonic
standards. The main advantage of this method was
simplicity in implementation of the resonant blocks.
But, major drawbacks of this method is affecting the
performance of the controllers due to the variation in the
grid frequency. This will increase the complexity to
control the variation in the grid frequency. Also, the
repetitive controller with harmonic cancellation methods
are sensitive to the frequency variation. This will affect
the stability of the system. The PR controller was used
along with Integral block to overcome those difficulties.
The integral blocks along with the PR to ensure that
there is no DC offset in the output of the system.It was
coupled with Sine wave modulation technique.
Fig.5. block diagram of PRI controller
The PRI controller was derived from the following
equation,
Gi = Ki/s………………(4)
Gpr(s) = Kp + KrS/S2
+Wo2
………………(5)
The plant transfer function is modeled as
Gplant (s)= VDC/Rs + SLs ……….(6)
…………(7)
The above equation shows the PI controller parameters
are then plugged in for the PR controller parameters.
For the PR controller,the expressions obtained are used
for the proportional and resonant gain respectively from
the equations (8) and (9),
……………(8)
………..(9)
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………(10)
Fig. 6. PR Controller transfer function block
Table I
Parameters and their value
Parameter meaning values
VDC DC voltage 65V
Ls Source
inductance
5mH
L Inductance across
converter
3mH
C Capacitance 29Mf
R Load resistance 54ohms
Kp Proportional gain 3.2
Kr Resonant term 594
Ki Integral term 100
4 Simulation results
A DC source of 65v is given to the supply. The buck-
Boost converter operator at a switching frequency of 20
kHz and Inverter changes polarity at 50Hz.
Fig.7. simulation of Buck-boost converter without using filter
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Fig.8. output voltage and current
Fig.9. FFT analysis
The total harmonic distortion of the overall system is
about 11.15%. By further improving the performance of
the PRI controller, the THD of the system will be
reduced within the standard limit. The Fig.9. Shows the
FFT analysis of the system. For the initial state, No
harmonics are to be injected. Then, Fourier analysis of
the output voltage was calculated. By knowing the
harmonic of the output voltage and harmonics are
already injected. Then alter harmonic injection in order
to cancel harmonics at the output was again fed to the
Fourier analysis.
5 Conclusion
The converter is buck-Boost converter in series with
polarity changing inverter. Specific harmonics are
cancelled by using Fourier analysis of the injected
harmonics. PRI controller with the VDC elimination
method are used to improving the harmonic content.
The method makes no distinction of harmonics creation
within the converter or supplied from the sources. The
complete current of PRI controller are also used in Solar
PV application for cancellation of the DC offset to
improving the harmonics standard. The transient
response of the whole system was studied and increase
the overall performance of the system. The PRI
controller and Modulated sine wave method together
improve the quality of the current injected into the load
side.
References
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Author Profile:
PrabhuPratap Singh.C.S is pursuing master’s degree in
power electronics and drive in BIT, India.
E-mail – csppsingh@yahoo.in
Lakhmanan.M is currently working as a Assistant
Professor in electrical and electronics in Anna
University, India.
E-mail-lakshmanan.muthuramu@gmail.com