Process chemistry AS PER PCI SYLLABUS FOR M.PHARMShikha Popali
pharmaceutical process chemistry is process WHERE FROM THE RESEARCH TO FINISH PRODUCT INCLUDING THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AT LABORATORY LEVEL THAN PILOT PLANT WHERE THE PRODUCT IS MANUFACTURED IN 10X THAN FINAL AT 100X THAT IS SCALE UP PLANT.
It is an intramolecular rearrangement reaction in which the 1,2-migration of silyl group from carbon to oxygen under basic conditions.It involves the formation of a pentacoordinate siliconintermediate.Discovered by Adrian Gibbs Brook in 1958.
CHEMISTRY OF PEPTIDES [M.PHARM, M.SC, BSC, B.PHARM]Shikha Popali
THE CHEMISTRY OF PEPTIDES THE DIFFICULT TO COLLECT DATA FOR READERS , THREFORE HERE WE HAVE COLLECTED ALL THE DATA AT A PLACE AND PROVIDED EASIER TO CHEMISTRIANS.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION AGENT ACTING.pptxMO.SHAHANAWAZ
Point to point M.pharm CADD presentation on MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION AGENT ACTING, Dihydro Folate reductase Inhibiter (Methotrexate)
Stages of scale up process mparm 1st year pharmaceutical process chemistryDhanashreeSarwan
Define Scale up process, need of Scale up technique, Stages of scale up process Bench\lab scale, pilot plant, large scale up technique, validation of large scale up process
Process chemistry AS PER PCI SYLLABUS FOR M.PHARMShikha Popali
pharmaceutical process chemistry is process WHERE FROM THE RESEARCH TO FINISH PRODUCT INCLUDING THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AT LABORATORY LEVEL THAN PILOT PLANT WHERE THE PRODUCT IS MANUFACTURED IN 10X THAN FINAL AT 100X THAT IS SCALE UP PLANT.
It is an intramolecular rearrangement reaction in which the 1,2-migration of silyl group from carbon to oxygen under basic conditions.It involves the formation of a pentacoordinate siliconintermediate.Discovered by Adrian Gibbs Brook in 1958.
CHEMISTRY OF PEPTIDES [M.PHARM, M.SC, BSC, B.PHARM]Shikha Popali
THE CHEMISTRY OF PEPTIDES THE DIFFICULT TO COLLECT DATA FOR READERS , THREFORE HERE WE HAVE COLLECTED ALL THE DATA AT A PLACE AND PROVIDED EASIER TO CHEMISTRIANS.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION AGENT ACTING.pptxMO.SHAHANAWAZ
Point to point M.pharm CADD presentation on MOLECULAR DOCKING AND DRUG RECEPTOR INTERACTION AGENT ACTING, Dihydro Folate reductase Inhibiter (Methotrexate)
Stages of scale up process mparm 1st year pharmaceutical process chemistryDhanashreeSarwan
Define Scale up process, need of Scale up technique, Stages of scale up process Bench\lab scale, pilot plant, large scale up technique, validation of large scale up process
This unit includes: rate of a chemical reaction, graphs,, unit of rate, average rate& instantaneous rate,. factors influuncing rate of a reaction, Rate expression & rate constant, Order & molecularity of a reaction,, initiall rate method & integrated rate law equations, numerical problems,, Half life period, Pseudo first order reaction, Temperature of rate of reaction, Activation energy, collision frequency & effective collision, Collision theory, Arrhenius equation,, effect of catalyst on rate of reaction, numerical problems
Formulation and operation of a Nickel based methanation catalystSakib Shahriar
The objective of this experiment was to get a firsthand experience of the preparation of a catalyst for methanation reaction and to evaluate the performance of the catalyst in a fixed bed tubular reactor. In the first part of the experiment a nickel-based catalyst was synthesized. The catalyst will have nickel as the active component and alumina as the support. the catalyst precursor was prepared by co-precipitation from a solution of nitrate salts of nickel and aluminum. The precipitate was filtered out, washed, dried and calcined to obtain the catalyst. In the second part, the catalyst was activated and performance analysis was done alone with loaded in a fixed bed reactor. The percentage conversion of CO to CH4 was 96.38% and the selectivity of CH4 production to CO2 production was 3.348.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
3. HALOGENATION
Halogenation refers to a type of chemical reaction that involves
the replacement of a halogen atom with another substance,
wherein it ends up as a part of that substance or a compound
during the halogenation reaction, there is usually an addition of
one or more halogens to the substance.
For example
the addition of bromine to ethene produces the substituted
alkane 1,2‐dibromoethane.
4. The preparation of organic compounds containing fluorine, chlorine,
bromine and iodine can be done by a variety of methods.
The conditions and procedures differ, not only for each member of the
halogen family but also with the type and structure of the compound
undergoing treatment.
The chlorine derivatives, because of the greater economy preparation,
are the most important compound
5. Halogenations may involve reactions of
Addition
Substitution i.e. of hydrogen,
Replacement, i.e. of groups for example, the hydroxyl or sulfonic acid group
6. Types of halogenations
Halogenations may involve reactions of
1. Addition to an unsaturated bond
2. Substitution for hydrogen or
3. By replacement of another group for example hydroxyl (–OH) or
sulfonic (–SO3H)
11. Halogenating agents
• Each type of reaction may involve not only a specific halogenating
agent but also a suitable catalyst or activator.
• Many of the catalysts are halogen carriers.
• Fe, antimony, and P, are exist in two valencies as halogen compounds,
are used, as they are less stable at the higher valence and give up part
of their halogen during the process
12. I2 , Br2 , and Cl2 are capable of forming mixed halogens are also
frequently employed as catalysts in halogenation processes.
• Activated carbon, clays, and other compounds also serve to catalyze
halogenation processes.
• Where the halogen is energized to an activated state by means of light,
heat, nuclear energy, or free radicals,
• It may then proceed to react by addition as in reaction (lb) or by
substitution without the need of a catalyst
13. Kinetics and the Rate Equation
• The study of reaction rates is called kinetics.
• The rate of a reaction is as important as the position of equilibrium.
• (Just because a reaction has a favorable DG°, does not mean the reaction
will spontaneously go).
• The rate of a reaction is how fast the products appear and how slow the
reactants disappear.
• These can be obtained experimentally by monitoring the concentrations of
either the products or reactants with respect to time.
• Reaction rates depend on the concentrations of reactants
• since at higher concentrations, collisions between reactants (leading to a
reaction) are more likely.
14. • The rate equation (rate law) relates the concentrations of the reactants to
the rate of reaction.
• Consider: A + B → C + D
• Rate = Kr [A]a [B]b
• The rate is proportional to the concentrations of A and B raised to some
power (a and b)
• Where kr is a rate constant, and a and b have to be determined
experimentally.
• Values a and b are usually whole numbers, and are called the order of
the reaction.
• (a+b) is the overall order of a reaction. Kinetics and the Rate Equation
15. • Consider the following reaction:
• CH3 -Br + -OH → CH3 -OH + Br-
• Experiments show that doubling the concentration of bromomethane,
doubles the rate of reaction. Also doubling the [- OH] doubles the rate.
• Therefore the rate is proportional to both [CH3Br] and [-OH], and the rate
equation would read:
• Rate = kr [CH3Br] [-OH]
• The rate is said to be first order w.r.t. bromomethane, and first order w.r.t.
hydroxide ion.
• The reaction is second order overall.
16. • However, similar reactions can have different kinetic orders. (CH3
)3C-Br + -OH → (CH3 )3C-OH + Br-
• For this reaction, doubling the [t-butylbromide] doubles the rate, but
doubling [-OH] has no effect on the rate.
• Rate = kr [(CH3 )3C-Br]
• First order w.r.t. t-butylbromide, but zeroth order w.r.t. hydroxide ion.
The order has to be obtained experimentally.