This document provides an overview of the NORDRESS project, a new Nordic Center of Excellence that will focus on societal security and resilience under the impacts of natural hazards like extreme weather, floods, landslides, etc. across the Nordic countries. The project will involve 16 Nordic partners from Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. It will consist of 5 work packages examining: 1) individual and community resilience, 2) health impacts of disasters, 3) psychosocial support, 4) risk perception and early warning systems, and 5) infrastructure resilience. The goal is to increase understanding and preparedness for natural hazards through interdisciplinary research.
Disaster Risk Preparedness & Sustainable Housing
Presented by:
Mr. Byrone Benson Barrinuevo – Head, Assessment and Planning, DSWD - National Resource and Logistics Management Bureau, Philippines
Ms. Kanykey Djumanalieva – Youth Branch Coordinator / PA Regional Center of Expertise for Education for Sustainable Development of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan
Mr. Ram Bista – Ward Member (Elected) / Ward Office 13 / Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Mediator / Mediation Council Nepal, Economics Lecturer / Caribbean School of Management
Mr. Syed Zaheer Hussain – GIS Specialist at Punjab IT Board, Government of Punjab, Pakistan, Sr. Researcher at IT University Lahore, Pakistan
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
The document discusses three stages of disaster management: pre-disaster, emergency, and post-disaster. The pre-disaster stage involves preparedness and mitigation. The emergency stage is when damage occurs and efforts are made to provide assistance and minimize problems. The post-disaster stage focuses on restoring normalcy through rebuilding shelters and infrastructure, education, and counseling.
This document discusses community participation in disaster management. It defines participation as the active involvement of people in decisions that affect them. Participatory approaches are valuable as they allow communities to explain their priorities and vulnerabilities, build on local knowledge and expertise, strengthen communities, and accord with peoples' right to participate. There are two main approaches - guided participation where projects are initiated externally but involve communities, and people-centered participation which aims to empower communities and involve them in defining problems, solutions, implementation and evaluation. Operational issues with participation include the difficulty of managing the process while not undermining its purpose.
The document discusses the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in managing health-related problems from pre-disaster to post-disaster. It outlines how ICT can help with risk assessment, response planning, monitoring disease patterns, and involving communities in preparedness. The focus is on how ICT can effectively coordinate response efforts and improve public health outcomes after disasters and emergencies.
This document discusses disaster preparedness and management in various settings including organizing drills. It begins by defining disaster and outlining the aims and objectives of disaster preparedness. It then describes the principles of disaster management and identifies different types of disasters. It explains the phases of disaster management and roles of nurses. It also discusses organizing disaster drills and classifying disasters based on their level and type (natural vs man-made).
This document provides an overview of disaster management and safety awareness. It defines disaster management as dealing with both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. The document outlines the phases of disaster management and lists various hazards to safety like biological, chemical, fire, and radiation risks. It emphasizes the importance of reporting accidents and having policies to manage safety and control risks through tools like risk assessments.
This report summarizes research on climate resilience options for slums and informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. It finds that population density exacerbates flood impacts within the slums. Analysis of rainfall data from four stations shows flooding occurs mainly during two rainy seasons and is associated with extreme short-term rainfall events as well as El Niño rains. Flooding hotspots were identified in all three studied slums. However, non-climatic factors like location in ecologically fragile areas and poor drainage and waste management also increase vulnerability. The report recommends adaptation actions including climate-proofed housing, flood early warning systems, climate-proofed infrastructure, cooperation between organizations, strengthened disaster response institutions, and education on risk reduction. Data
Disaster Risk Preparedness & Sustainable Housing
Presented by:
Mr. Byrone Benson Barrinuevo – Head, Assessment and Planning, DSWD - National Resource and Logistics Management Bureau, Philippines
Ms. Kanykey Djumanalieva – Youth Branch Coordinator / PA Regional Center of Expertise for Education for Sustainable Development of Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan
Mr. Ram Bista – Ward Member (Elected) / Ward Office 13 / Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Mediator / Mediation Council Nepal, Economics Lecturer / Caribbean School of Management
Mr. Syed Zaheer Hussain – GIS Specialist at Punjab IT Board, Government of Punjab, Pakistan, Sr. Researcher at IT University Lahore, Pakistan
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
The document discusses three stages of disaster management: pre-disaster, emergency, and post-disaster. The pre-disaster stage involves preparedness and mitigation. The emergency stage is when damage occurs and efforts are made to provide assistance and minimize problems. The post-disaster stage focuses on restoring normalcy through rebuilding shelters and infrastructure, education, and counseling.
This document discusses community participation in disaster management. It defines participation as the active involvement of people in decisions that affect them. Participatory approaches are valuable as they allow communities to explain their priorities and vulnerabilities, build on local knowledge and expertise, strengthen communities, and accord with peoples' right to participate. There are two main approaches - guided participation where projects are initiated externally but involve communities, and people-centered participation which aims to empower communities and involve them in defining problems, solutions, implementation and evaluation. Operational issues with participation include the difficulty of managing the process while not undermining its purpose.
The document discusses the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in managing health-related problems from pre-disaster to post-disaster. It outlines how ICT can help with risk assessment, response planning, monitoring disease patterns, and involving communities in preparedness. The focus is on how ICT can effectively coordinate response efforts and improve public health outcomes after disasters and emergencies.
This document discusses disaster preparedness and management in various settings including organizing drills. It begins by defining disaster and outlining the aims and objectives of disaster preparedness. It then describes the principles of disaster management and identifies different types of disasters. It explains the phases of disaster management and roles of nurses. It also discusses organizing disaster drills and classifying disasters based on their level and type (natural vs man-made).
This document provides an overview of disaster management and safety awareness. It defines disaster management as dealing with both natural and man-made disasters through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. The document outlines the phases of disaster management and lists various hazards to safety like biological, chemical, fire, and radiation risks. It emphasizes the importance of reporting accidents and having policies to manage safety and control risks through tools like risk assessments.
This report summarizes research on climate resilience options for slums and informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. It finds that population density exacerbates flood impacts within the slums. Analysis of rainfall data from four stations shows flooding occurs mainly during two rainy seasons and is associated with extreme short-term rainfall events as well as El Niño rains. Flooding hotspots were identified in all three studied slums. However, non-climatic factors like location in ecologically fragile areas and poor drainage and waste management also increase vulnerability. The report recommends adaptation actions including climate-proofed housing, flood early warning systems, climate-proofed infrastructure, cooperation between organizations, strengthened disaster response institutions, and education on risk reduction. Data
The document discusses the challenges that first responders, volunteers, and hospital staff may face during a CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) incident. It summarizes that they will have to deal with possible contamination, the physical and mental states of victims, and uncertainty about the nature and effects of the contaminant. Responders also often lack proper protective equipment and sufficient training. The document examines case studies and operational problems during a CBRN event, such as triage, decontamination protocols, and health concerns that may persist after the initial incident.
1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks.
2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity.
3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.
This document discusses various aspects of disaster response, including evacuation planning and execution. It covers types of evacuation like immediate and pre-warned evacuation. Key aspects of evacuation planning like identifying those who need assistance are outlined. Guidelines for effective evacuation procedures and emergency response are provided. The challenges of mass evacuations are examined through the example of Hurricane Katrina. Considerations for effective disaster response like assessing needs, partnering with local organizations, and distributing aid while promoting independence are also summarized.
during disaster the how to handling the situation?, what kind of the preparation is taken by the us? is tell something in this presentation. and some new about the framework of the disaster.
1) Disaster management is defined as the systematic process of reducing or avoiding potential loss from hazards, providing assistance to victims of disasters, and achieving rapid recovery. It involves disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
2) In Nepal, the health sector disaster management program enhances emergency preparedness, response, and outbreak management through contingency planning, training, and multi-sectoral coordination. Key activities in the past year included district planning, rapid response training, and workshops on lessons learned from earthquakes.
3) Issues addressed included preparing more hospital emergency plans, retrofitting hospitals, and establishing isolation wards. Recommendations were to stockpile essential supplies, update preparedness plans, and
This document discusses economic and financial mechanisms for reducing disaster risk, including insurance and microfinance. It notes that poverty can increase vulnerability to hazards, so economic development and poverty reduction are important for risk reduction strategies. Livelihood diversification is key for poor people to reduce vulnerability by having multiple sources of income. However, development programs need to consider hazard risks so assets are protected. Insurance is an effective risk-sharing method, but is market-driven so mainly benefits those in developed countries where risks can be accurately calculated. Microfinance, like loans, can help build assets but borrowers risk losing assets if a disaster strikes before returns are generated.
1) The document discusses different types of disasters that occur in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India, including water/climate, geological, biological, chemical, industrial, nuclear, and accident-related disasters.
2) The author conducted a survey using a Likert scale to assess awareness of disasters in J&K and found that few people know about disaster types and causes, and preparedness is limited.
3) The conclusion calls for increasing disaster education for the public and including disaster management in school curricula to improve awareness and preparedness for disasters in J&K.
This document discusses children in disaster and emergency situations. It defines disasters and emergencies, noting that children are particularly vulnerable. It recommends having emergency plans and safe schools, prioritizing child protection, and allowing child participation. Specific tips are provided for educating and preparing children, as well as maintaining routines. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is tasked with inclusive emergency management that addresses children's needs. Nutritional needs like food assistance and treating malnutrition are also covered. The document recommends collecting child data for recovery services and increasing disaster training for health professionals treating children.
This document discusses principles of effective communication for disaster risk reduction. It begins by explaining that communication with communities is important so they understand hazards and risks, and can take protective measures. However, past approaches often failed to understand community perspectives and priorities. Effective communication now involves dialogue with communities to understand their experiences and ensure solutions are appropriate. While expertise from professionals is still valuable, a participatory approach that incorporates community knowledge is most effective. The goal of public education programs should be to create a "culture of safety" where risk reduction is a normal part of life, though achieving this takes a long-term process.
This document outlines a training initiative on disaster risk reduction and sustainable local development. It was conceived by the UN/ISDR to build capacity at the local level. The training aims to contribute to the Hyogo Framework for Action and promote sustainable development policies. It targets local policymakers, organizations, and institutions involved in development and disaster management. The training covers key topics like strategic planning, emergency management, and post-disaster reconstruction through a sustainable development lens. A 2007 pilot in Central America trained 25 participants and produced handbooks and journals on the experience.
This document discusses the syllabus for a course on disaster management. It covers 5 units: definitions and types of disasters; case studies of important disasters; mitigation and management; safety processes; and planning and response. Unit 4 discusses coping strategies for disasters, changing concepts in disaster management, and industrial safety plans. It notes the importance of coping mechanisms, community involvement, and a developmental rather than emergency response approach to disasters. Industrial safety risks include fire, explosion, and toxic chemical releases.
Lecture disasters in urban area - Master Degree Urban Engineering, Lille1 Un...Isam Shahrour
Lecture for the Master Degree « Urban Engineering and Habitat » concerning disasters in urban area. The lecture covers the causes of natural disasters as well as their impact on economy, citizens, buildings, infrastructures. It concerns also the management of disasters.
International Decades for Natural Disaster Reduction ( IDNDR )Jemishkumar Parmar
The document discusses the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) which was designated by the UN General Assembly in the 1990s. The IDNDR aimed to reduce loss of life, property destruction, and social/economic impacts from natural disasters. A secretariat was established in Geneva to support IDNDR activities like the RADIUS project on earthquake disaster mitigation. After IDNDR, India established a National Committee on Disaster Management and shifted focus to proactive prevention, preparedness and mitigation instead of reactive responses. Insurance industries can support IDNDR through activities like disaster mapping and assessing loss potentials.
Nurses play a key role in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. They are often first responders who provide immediate medical care when disasters strike. Disaster nursing involves adapting nursing skills and knowledge to meet health needs with limited resources. Nurses must be competent in areas like emergency management, health promotion, and coordinating care with other providers. International standards help guide disaster nursing practice and competencies. Field hospitals can expand local healthcare capacity during disasters by providing early emergency care, follow-up treatment, and temporary medical facilities until damaged local infrastructure is repaired.
Assessing the vulnerability of different age groups regarding flood fatalitiesKarina Vink
This study aimed to identify age groups vulnerable to flood fatalities in the Philippines and quantify their vulnerability through statistical analysis of 122 flood victim records from 2010-2013. The results showed that only those aged 70 and older were vulnerable, with a mortality rate over 3 times higher than those under 70. This contrasts with common assumptions in other studies that the young and old are always vulnerable. The study concludes that the age dependency ratio widely used to consider vulnerability may not apply to the Philippines context.
What you will learn
- To understand the events that will occur during a geological disaster
- To prepare you to perform the roles, responsibilities
- To understand the role of international organization in disaster management
Disaster management for developing countriesSumil Ashraf
This presentation discusses disaster management for developing countries. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including the definition of disaster management, and the phases of disaster management - preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Specific examples are provided for each phase. The presentation focuses on disaster management in Bangladesh, noting that it is one of the most disaster-prone countries and has undertaken plans and programs to reduce impacts through management. The conclusion emphasizes that developing countries suffer greatly from disasters and developed countries should help improve their management.
International strategies for disaster reduction tam 2014-04Vijay Kumar
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks by preventing or limiting the adverse impacts of hazards through sustainable development. It consists of ways and means to avoid losses from natural hazards. The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) pursues cooperation and commitments from policymakers to build disaster-resilient communities and reduce human and economic losses from natural disasters.
The document summarizes a series of trainings held in Tajikistan on climate change and related cross-cutting topics. Over a period of one week, 132 participants from governmental agencies and NGOs attended trainings on climate change and media, gender, poverty alleviation, environmental policy, and regional planning. The trainings aimed to build basic awareness and capacity on climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation. Participants identified key climate impacts like floods and droughts and proposed adaptation measures to integrate into policies and development plans. Overall, the trainings were well-received and helped strengthen understanding of climate change issues in Tajikistan.
The document outlines new initiatives for the content development team, including piloting new approaches to patient evaluations, updating evidence documents, developing guidelines for data displays in decision aids, and creating a procedures wiki. It provides details on the goals and proposed approaches for each initiative. Patient evaluations will pilot independent reviews, focus groups, and site data. Evidence documents will add citations and shareability. Data display guidelines will inventory current uses and review literature on effective visual formats. A wiki will document team procedures.
Do you know where the term “shared decision making” was first used…or when the first center dedicated to its research and implementation was opened? Our infographic “Shared Decision Making through the Decades” will take you on a historical journey through four decades of shared decision making to understand where it is today and what the future might hold.
The document discusses the challenges that first responders, volunteers, and hospital staff may face during a CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) incident. It summarizes that they will have to deal with possible contamination, the physical and mental states of victims, and uncertainty about the nature and effects of the contaminant. Responders also often lack proper protective equipment and sufficient training. The document examines case studies and operational problems during a CBRN event, such as triage, decontamination protocols, and health concerns that may persist after the initial incident.
1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks.
2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity.
3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.
This document discusses various aspects of disaster response, including evacuation planning and execution. It covers types of evacuation like immediate and pre-warned evacuation. Key aspects of evacuation planning like identifying those who need assistance are outlined. Guidelines for effective evacuation procedures and emergency response are provided. The challenges of mass evacuations are examined through the example of Hurricane Katrina. Considerations for effective disaster response like assessing needs, partnering with local organizations, and distributing aid while promoting independence are also summarized.
during disaster the how to handling the situation?, what kind of the preparation is taken by the us? is tell something in this presentation. and some new about the framework of the disaster.
1) Disaster management is defined as the systematic process of reducing or avoiding potential loss from hazards, providing assistance to victims of disasters, and achieving rapid recovery. It involves disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
2) In Nepal, the health sector disaster management program enhances emergency preparedness, response, and outbreak management through contingency planning, training, and multi-sectoral coordination. Key activities in the past year included district planning, rapid response training, and workshops on lessons learned from earthquakes.
3) Issues addressed included preparing more hospital emergency plans, retrofitting hospitals, and establishing isolation wards. Recommendations were to stockpile essential supplies, update preparedness plans, and
This document discusses economic and financial mechanisms for reducing disaster risk, including insurance and microfinance. It notes that poverty can increase vulnerability to hazards, so economic development and poverty reduction are important for risk reduction strategies. Livelihood diversification is key for poor people to reduce vulnerability by having multiple sources of income. However, development programs need to consider hazard risks so assets are protected. Insurance is an effective risk-sharing method, but is market-driven so mainly benefits those in developed countries where risks can be accurately calculated. Microfinance, like loans, can help build assets but borrowers risk losing assets if a disaster strikes before returns are generated.
1) The document discusses different types of disasters that occur in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India, including water/climate, geological, biological, chemical, industrial, nuclear, and accident-related disasters.
2) The author conducted a survey using a Likert scale to assess awareness of disasters in J&K and found that few people know about disaster types and causes, and preparedness is limited.
3) The conclusion calls for increasing disaster education for the public and including disaster management in school curricula to improve awareness and preparedness for disasters in J&K.
This document discusses children in disaster and emergency situations. It defines disasters and emergencies, noting that children are particularly vulnerable. It recommends having emergency plans and safe schools, prioritizing child protection, and allowing child participation. Specific tips are provided for educating and preparing children, as well as maintaining routines. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is tasked with inclusive emergency management that addresses children's needs. Nutritional needs like food assistance and treating malnutrition are also covered. The document recommends collecting child data for recovery services and increasing disaster training for health professionals treating children.
This document discusses principles of effective communication for disaster risk reduction. It begins by explaining that communication with communities is important so they understand hazards and risks, and can take protective measures. However, past approaches often failed to understand community perspectives and priorities. Effective communication now involves dialogue with communities to understand their experiences and ensure solutions are appropriate. While expertise from professionals is still valuable, a participatory approach that incorporates community knowledge is most effective. The goal of public education programs should be to create a "culture of safety" where risk reduction is a normal part of life, though achieving this takes a long-term process.
This document outlines a training initiative on disaster risk reduction and sustainable local development. It was conceived by the UN/ISDR to build capacity at the local level. The training aims to contribute to the Hyogo Framework for Action and promote sustainable development policies. It targets local policymakers, organizations, and institutions involved in development and disaster management. The training covers key topics like strategic planning, emergency management, and post-disaster reconstruction through a sustainable development lens. A 2007 pilot in Central America trained 25 participants and produced handbooks and journals on the experience.
This document discusses the syllabus for a course on disaster management. It covers 5 units: definitions and types of disasters; case studies of important disasters; mitigation and management; safety processes; and planning and response. Unit 4 discusses coping strategies for disasters, changing concepts in disaster management, and industrial safety plans. It notes the importance of coping mechanisms, community involvement, and a developmental rather than emergency response approach to disasters. Industrial safety risks include fire, explosion, and toxic chemical releases.
Lecture disasters in urban area - Master Degree Urban Engineering, Lille1 Un...Isam Shahrour
Lecture for the Master Degree « Urban Engineering and Habitat » concerning disasters in urban area. The lecture covers the causes of natural disasters as well as their impact on economy, citizens, buildings, infrastructures. It concerns also the management of disasters.
International Decades for Natural Disaster Reduction ( IDNDR )Jemishkumar Parmar
The document discusses the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) which was designated by the UN General Assembly in the 1990s. The IDNDR aimed to reduce loss of life, property destruction, and social/economic impacts from natural disasters. A secretariat was established in Geneva to support IDNDR activities like the RADIUS project on earthquake disaster mitigation. After IDNDR, India established a National Committee on Disaster Management and shifted focus to proactive prevention, preparedness and mitigation instead of reactive responses. Insurance industries can support IDNDR through activities like disaster mapping and assessing loss potentials.
Nurses play a key role in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. They are often first responders who provide immediate medical care when disasters strike. Disaster nursing involves adapting nursing skills and knowledge to meet health needs with limited resources. Nurses must be competent in areas like emergency management, health promotion, and coordinating care with other providers. International standards help guide disaster nursing practice and competencies. Field hospitals can expand local healthcare capacity during disasters by providing early emergency care, follow-up treatment, and temporary medical facilities until damaged local infrastructure is repaired.
Assessing the vulnerability of different age groups regarding flood fatalitiesKarina Vink
This study aimed to identify age groups vulnerable to flood fatalities in the Philippines and quantify their vulnerability through statistical analysis of 122 flood victim records from 2010-2013. The results showed that only those aged 70 and older were vulnerable, with a mortality rate over 3 times higher than those under 70. This contrasts with common assumptions in other studies that the young and old are always vulnerable. The study concludes that the age dependency ratio widely used to consider vulnerability may not apply to the Philippines context.
What you will learn
- To understand the events that will occur during a geological disaster
- To prepare you to perform the roles, responsibilities
- To understand the role of international organization in disaster management
Disaster management for developing countriesSumil Ashraf
This presentation discusses disaster management for developing countries. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including the definition of disaster management, and the phases of disaster management - preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. Specific examples are provided for each phase. The presentation focuses on disaster management in Bangladesh, noting that it is one of the most disaster-prone countries and has undertaken plans and programs to reduce impacts through management. The conclusion emphasizes that developing countries suffer greatly from disasters and developed countries should help improve their management.
International strategies for disaster reduction tam 2014-04Vijay Kumar
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks by preventing or limiting the adverse impacts of hazards through sustainable development. It consists of ways and means to avoid losses from natural hazards. The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) pursues cooperation and commitments from policymakers to build disaster-resilient communities and reduce human and economic losses from natural disasters.
The document summarizes a series of trainings held in Tajikistan on climate change and related cross-cutting topics. Over a period of one week, 132 participants from governmental agencies and NGOs attended trainings on climate change and media, gender, poverty alleviation, environmental policy, and regional planning. The trainings aimed to build basic awareness and capacity on climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation. Participants identified key climate impacts like floods and droughts and proposed adaptation measures to integrate into policies and development plans. Overall, the trainings were well-received and helped strengthen understanding of climate change issues in Tajikistan.
The document outlines new initiatives for the content development team, including piloting new approaches to patient evaluations, updating evidence documents, developing guidelines for data displays in decision aids, and creating a procedures wiki. It provides details on the goals and proposed approaches for each initiative. Patient evaluations will pilot independent reviews, focus groups, and site data. Evidence documents will add citations and shareability. Data display guidelines will inventory current uses and review literature on effective visual formats. A wiki will document team procedures.
Do you know where the term “shared decision making” was first used…or when the first center dedicated to its research and implementation was opened? Our infographic “Shared Decision Making through the Decades” will take you on a historical journey through four decades of shared decision making to understand where it is today and what the future might hold.
This study surveyed U.S. adults aged 40 and older about their medical decision making regarding cancer screening tests and medications for common conditions. It found that decision processes were generally poor across age groups. While knowledge about treatments was higher for medications than screening, all groups valued potential benefits highly. The oldest group (75+) reported less discomfort with some cancer screenings and less importance on costs or side effects of medications. The study concludes there is opportunity to better educate elderly patients and their doctors about estimated benefits, competing risks when considering screenings or adding medications.
1. Collective statistical illiteracy in healthcare is widespread among physicians, patients, and politicians due to non-transparent framing of information and lack of risk communication training.
2. Studies show physicians and the public poorly understand concepts like survival rates, risk reductions, and probabilities related to cancer screenings.
3. Implementing transparent risk communication frameworks in medical education and public health materials is needed to improve informed decision making.
Driving higher performance from Google AdWords by applying Behavioural Economicspaulsbooth
A new study shows that when Behavioural Economics thinking is applied to Google AdWords, performance improves and new areas of insight and learning are opened up.
The Power of Cognitive Interviewing... and what qualitative research can lear...Merlien Institute
at Qualitative360 North America 2014
1-3 April 2014, Toronto, Canada
This event is proudly organised by Merlien Live
Check out our upcoming events by visiting http://qual360.com/
EU Onshore Insurance Protected Cells - Captives on a BudgetIan-Edward Stafrace
This document discusses owning a cell in a protected cell company (PCC) for insurance purposes. A PCC allows different owners to participate in one company while segregating cellular assets and liabilities. Cells in a PCC can be set up with less capital than standalone companies as minimum requirements only apply to the PCC as a whole. Malta is highlighted as an attractive location for PCCs due to its PCC legislation, approachable regulator, EU single passport, tax efficiency and other factors. Owning a cell in a PCC provides a lower cost alternative to a standalone insurance company or captive. Cells avoid minimum capital requirements and can access reinsurance and lower running costs. The document also provides information on Atlas Insurance P
The FERMA Risk Management Benchmarking Survey 2014 has three main objectives: 1) Benchmark risk management practices across Europe, 2) Provide data for reporting to senior management and track trends over time, and 3) Serve as a reference for current knowledge among European risk managers. The survey will help reinforce understanding of the risk management role, support development of the function, and identify priorities. Participants will receive results to convey ideas internally and benchmark against peers. A report and presentation of findings will be distributed in October 2014.
The document summarizes a study conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to improve the performance of VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) navigation systems in one region. The researchers interviewed technicians to identify best practices. They found technicians responsible for higher performing VORs used practices like being proactive, sharing information, and building trust. The FAA then implemented initiatives like a technician conference and knowledge sharing calls to spread these practices, improving the region's VOR performance from 9th to 5th place within 18 months.
Tom Ewing gave a presentation at the NewMR Behavioural Economics Event on April 19, 2012 about taking behavioral science from anecdote to action. He discussed how human behavior is driven by two decision-making systems - System 1, which is fast, implicit, and emotional, and System 2, which is slow, explicit, and analytical. Ewing presented research showing how environmental, social, and personal factors can influence these systems and ultimately human decisions. These factors include choice architecture, social norms, consumption momentum, and cognitive load. Ewing argued that understanding how behavioral science insights like these can inform policies and practices to positively shape human behavior.
Operationalizing Safety II - Resilience Learning Network - January 10, 2013Springboard Labs
The document summarizes a study conducted using participatory action research to understand factors influencing musculoskeletal injury (MSI) rates among tree planters in British Columbia's silviculture sector. Interviews with 13 industry stakeholders identified a system of interconnected individual, organizational, and industry-level factors. At the individual level, beliefs like independence and competitiveness were reported to influence behaviors. Organizationally, companies varied in their safety cultures from progressive to exploitative. Across the industry, piece-rate compensation and assumptions around training needs were reported to affect MSI rates. The study aims to identify leverage points to design interventions promoting a more resilient safety system.
Event Programme. The Malta Forum of Internal Auditors (MFIA) and the Malta Association of Risk Management (MARM) are jointly organising a seminar on risk and internal audit, which should interest all those working in these two fields as well as anybody interested in learning more on these areas. This will be held on Wednesday 13th July 2016 at 1400 hours at the Corinthia Palace, Attard, Malta.
The conference on Food Safety and Nutrition in 2050 – organised by Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission – provided an opportunity for dialogue among global stakeholders on the emerging challenges to the food chain and the role of future policy-making in addressing those challenges.
The conference also provided the opportunity to foster a dialogue on consumers' expectations for safe, nutritious, quality and sustainable food and the role of food science, technology and innovation in achieving them. Held on 17 July 2015 in Milan, Italy.
Applications of Behavioural Economics to consumer insightErica van Lieven
Shown at the AMSRS National Conference 2013 this presentation on Behavioural economics by Ben Wright highlights the very interesting findings from a small exploratory study that could serve as the basis to the beginnings of a revolutionary measure in the market research industry.
Increasingly qualitative research participant recruiters are being presented with locked bespoke quantitative segmentation tools, and no explanation of what defines the sample qualitatively. This is fraught with problems and does not lead to good recruitment. Similarly, recruiting on statistical demographic models: it’s too easy to recruit atypical outliers – when very small samples are required – if the focus is on the quantitative model rather than the desired demographics, attitudes and behaviours. To do a great job, qualitative recruiters need qualitative input and briefing – we’ll explain why, and provide explicit action points for planning and procuring better participant recruitment in future.
Adjustments and Responses to Japan EarthquakeTom McLean
The document discusses Japan's adjustments and responses to an earthquake in the short term, mid-term, and long term. In the short term, relief efforts included military help, evacuation centers, and aid. In the mid-term, major roads and infrastructure were restored and public services were re-established. In the long term, government regulation on earthquake prediction was reviewed and agricultural rehabilitation occurred. Preparedness before the earthquake allowed for a fast response and faster recovery.
The use of EU onshore Protected Cells as a capital efficient, cost-effective, flexible and secure alternative to owning a standalone insurer or captive. Presentation by Ian-Edward Stafrace to the UK IRM Global Risk Management Professional Development Forum 2011
USA Drought 2012 Factors Affecting Adjustments and ResponsesTom McLean
This document discusses responses to the 2012 drought in the USA. It examines short, mid, and long-term responses across various factors. In the short-term, emergency assistance programs were allowed to provide rescue and relief. In the mid-term, agricultural practices were adjusted through programs to support farmers and ranchers undergoing rehabilitation. For long-term reconstruction, infrastructure like dams and reservoirs were adjusted and water banks were instituted to help rebuild after the effects of the drought. A variety of initiatives across water use, storage, movement and agriculture were implemented by states and communities.
Turning Black into Green - Incorporating DRR into Social and Economic Develop...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
This document summarizes an activity aimed at developing a decision support system for drought risk management. It involves organizations from Poland, Lithuania, and Romania. The main objectives are to visualize drought hazard, impacts, and develop functional risk maps for decision makers. Methods for assessing vulnerability and impacts will be promoted. Tasks include developing frameworks for drought risk mapping, demonstrating applications in different contexts, and estimating drought indices. Milestones include identifying national measures for assessing susceptibility and vulnerability, developing methodologies for hazard mapping and vulnerability assessment, and creating a drought risk management scheme for the Odra River basin. Ongoing work involves inventorying data, assessing monitoring networks, identifying vulnerable sectors, and developing components of the management scheme.
PROJECT EAGLE - Interaction and Communication with Society: An Underdeveloped...eaglecommunicates
Radiation Protection Society needs:
- to invest more in the R & D of interaction and
communication with society.
- to promote a trans-disciplinary approach in radiation
protection: natural science & social science & humanities.
Pr. Gilbert EGGERMONT: "Presenta on of the report of the Belgian Health Counc...Nuclear-Transparency-Watch
Pr. Gilbert EGGERMONT, the Belgian Health Council, Belgium
"Presenta on of the report of the Belgian Health Council on emergency planning "
SEMINAR ON PUBLIC INFORMATION IN EP&R:
http://www.nuclear-transparency-watch.eu/activities/nuclear-emergency-preparedness-and-response/seminar-on-public-information-in-epr.html
This document summarizes a workshop on ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The workshop brought together key researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to discuss evidence and economics of ecosystem approaches as well as decision-making tools. Presentations were given on case studies of ecosystem-based projects in India and Indonesia. Discussions focused on how to improve valuation of ecosystem services, operationalize ecosystem approaches, and communicate information to policymakers and communities. The workshop aimed to improve understanding and tools to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of ecosystem-based approaches.
International Norms in Disaster Risk Reduction by Roberto Aponte Toro, Univer...Madhukar Sanap
The document discusses the evolution of international frameworks and agreements related to disaster risk reduction and management. It outlines key frameworks and agreements over time, including:
1) The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction from 1989-1999 which promoted disaster reduction efforts.
2) The 1994 Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action which emphasized socio-economic aspects of disaster prevention.
3) The 2000 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction which increased commitment to reducing disaster risks and linking these efforts to sustainable development.
4) The 2005 Hyogo Framework for Action which laid out strategic goals and priorities for disaster risk reduction from 2005-2015.
This document summarizes the RISC-KIT project, which aims to develop tools to help reduce coastal risk in Europe. The project is developing 1) a framework to identify high-risk coastal areas, 2) quantitative models to evaluate risk reduction measures in hotspots, 3) an online guide with risk reduction options, and 4) a coastal risk database. These tools are being applied in 11 case study sites to help meet risk reduction goals. The project expects to help design more cost-effective risk reduction plans and improve risk governance through providing timely risk information to decision-makers. Results will be disseminated through conferences, meetings, publications, summer schools and a final conference.
Infrastructure Investment: Guiding investments in flood mitigation infrastruc...backlinks440
Infrastructure Investment: Guiding investments in flood mitigation infrastructure, such as flood barriers, stormwater drainage systems, and green infrastructure solutions. Strategic allocation of resources based on risk assessment results maximizes the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of infrastructure investments, reducing future flood damages and adaptation costs.
Results of the Sinergia project: challenges of water resources management in the context of climate change in the Paraguay Basin in South America. Main impacts of climate change and main adaptations as recommended by the project participants
The document summarizes an education module and proposed study to promote community resilience to natural hazards. The module uses an active-learning tool called "Map Your Hazards" to help communities assess hazards, vulnerabilities, and risk. The proposed study would test the effectiveness of this module by surveying residents in Portland, Oregon on their hazard preparedness before and after participating in hazard mapping and discussion activities. The goal is to validate the module as a way to motivate protective actions and build more disaster-resilient communities.
5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
Donald Wilhite, University of Lincoln: Integrated national drought managementNAPExpo 2014
This document outlines Dr. Donald Wilhite's presentation on adapting drought management strategies to increasing climate risks. It argues for shifting from reactive, crisis-based approaches to proactive risk management through national drought policies. Such policies should promote early warning systems, preparedness planning, vulnerability assessments, risk reduction measures, and coordinated emergency responses. Adopting a risk management paradigm can help build societal resilience to more frequent and severe droughts expected due to climate change. The presentation highlights the need for political will to change drought management, noting the high costs of maintaining the status quo.
Stakeholder Engagement: Meeting Human and Environmental Needs Cultural Vistas
Presented by Pg Mas Dino Pg Radin Hanafi (Brunei) and Matthew Cosby (United States) during the YSEALI Generation Earth Workshop in Siem Reap, Cambodia.
The session leaders will help participants understand that at the interface of human communities and natural resources, we must teach and engage each other in how to live with, support, and be supported by the natural communities and resources that support us. They will use case studies in watershed awareness and health and disaster risk reduction planning in Japan, and will implement a simulation to demonstrate the role of governments, communities, the private sector, academia and NGOs.
The document discusses key concepts in disaster management including definitions of terms like capacity, disaster, disaster risk management, and vulnerability. It also summarizes several major disasters from around the world such as the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, the 2010 Haiti earthquake and Pakistan floods, the 2011 famine in Africa, and the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami. Overall, the document outlines the importance of integrated disaster management and public health emergency preparedness.
The document discusses flood risk reduction strategies for the Kapisa sub river basin in Afghanistan. It provides context on Afghanistan's vulnerability to natural disasters like floods. It outlines the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction and the role of the National Administration of Natural Disaster Management. It then introduces Kapisa province and past flood damage there. The document proposes strategies for Kapisa like early warning systems, infrastructure projects, and increasing public awareness. It discusses coordinating efforts and the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders in preparing for and responding to flood risks.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It defines a disaster as a catastrophic situation that disrupts normal life and requires emergency interventions. Disaster management involves preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery activities. India is highly disaster prone due to factors like its geography and climate. However, disaster management has not been a high priority and suffers from issues like a lack of coordination, inadequate resources and capacity, and a focus on relief over prevention. The document argues for a shifting paradigm that prioritizes prevention, community participation, sustainability, local knowledge, and building long-term resilience.
Presentation of "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of Nat...NENAwaterscarcity
Presentation of "Managing Drought Risk in a Changing Climate: The Role of National Drought Policy"
Dr. Donald A. Wilhite
Faculty of Applied Climate Science
School of Natural Resources
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
FAO Near East Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt, 1 March 2015
MX3084 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT.pptxdvedha1975
This document provides information on a course on disaster risk reduction and management. It includes 5 units that will be covered: hazards, vulnerability and disaster risks; disaster risk reduction; disaster management; tools and technology for disaster management; and disaster management case studies. The objectives of the course are to impart knowledge on disaster concepts and acquaint students with disaster response skills. Key topics that will be covered include definitions of disaster, hazard, vulnerability and risk, different types of natural and human-induced disasters, and frameworks/policies related to disaster risk reduction and management in India.
This document summarizes presentations from a session at the 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference in 2014. The session discussed integrating climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. One presentation proposed a framework for this integration and highlighted challenges in the Australian policy context, including fragmentation and lack of implementation. Another discussed the important role of local governments in building resilience but noted they have been slow to act. A third discussed how media can both help and hinder resilience efforts by influencing policy and public perceptions.
This document summarizes a research project called RADISKAN that examines discourses and effects of preventing radicalization in Scandinavia. The project aims to analyze how categories of potentially "vulnerable" individuals are created through national action plans against radicalization, despite a lack of empirical evidence supporting radicalization theories. Additionally, the project seeks to understand the impact of preventive measures on suspect groups and society, and how insecurity around radicalization affects trust within society. The researchers hope to provide an analysis of how understandings of radicalization are formulated, framed, and experienced from the perspectives of those implementing prevention efforts and those being monitored.
Ragnar andersson. towards an evidence based zero vision on residentialNordForsk
This document outlines a proposed research project to develop an evidence-based Vision Zero policy for residential fires in Sweden. Each year around 100 people are killed in residential fires in Sweden, with the elderly and disabled disproportionately represented as victims. The existing Vision Zero fire safety policy lacks a strong scientific foundation. The proposed research includes 7 sub-projects examining socio-demographic factors that influence fire risk, injury, death, survival rates, effectiveness of rescue services, and medical susceptibility to smoke and heat for different groups. The goal is to better understand why some populations are at higher risk and provide recommendations to strengthen fire safety policy.
Nina græger. the duty of care, protecting citizens abroad.NordForsk
The document discusses a research project on the "Duty of Care" that states have to protect their citizens abroad. It notes that more Norwegians and other citizens are living, traveling, and working abroad, increasing risks. The project will examine the concept of duty of care, how it varies based on closeness to the state and type of activity. It will look specifically at consular protection, travel advice, diplomats as targets, policy responses to risk increases, and economic interests. The broad, multi-year project involves researchers from four countries and will use various data and methods to understand how states enact duty of care beyond their borders.
This document summarizes the INSECURE research project examining irregular migration and precarious labor in Finland. The project has four main aims: 1) to understand how mobility controls, employment, welfare and citizenship regimes affect irregular migrants' conditions and marginalization, 2) to analyze how irregular migration is framed as a security issue in policies, 3) to investigate the effects of marginalization on irregular migrants' lives and coping strategies, and 4) to contribute empirical knowledge to assist policy-making. The project consists of four sub-studies examining issues like non-EU migrant labor exploitation and Russian-speaking women in sex work. The research aims to provide insight into the factors that induce irregularity and how migrants deal with insecurities.
The Centre for Natural Disaster Science (CNDS) is a joint initiative between Uppsala University, Karlstad University, and the National Defence College. It includes five research units across the three institutions studying natural disasters from engineering, natural, and social science perspectives. CNDS receives government and other funding and aims to provide interdisciplinary research collaboration and education to address societal challenges around natural disasters.
Dr. Kamrul Hossain is leading a project funded by the Academy of Finland exploring threats to human security in the Arctic region. The project, running from 2015-2018 with 550,000€ in funding, will take an integrated approach to analyzing environmental, economic, health and other security challenges facing Arctic inhabitants. It will examine how climate change and increased human activity in the Arctic are impacting traditional livelihoods and the security of indigenous communities through threats to food and environmental resources. The project consists of 5 work packages and will involve research, workshops, field interviews and stakeholder cooperation to develop new strategies for addressing overlapping security challenges in the Arctic region.
Fred størseth. new strains of society hidden, dynamic and emergent vulnerabil...NordForsk
The SAMRISK II project aims to address new and unknown vulnerabilities in society through stress-testing existing approaches. The project will (1) explore how stress-testing methods can be applied to societal threats, and (2) use stress-testing to identify the limitations of current risk analysis and resilience methods for complex emerging threats. It involves researchers from Norway, the US, and other Nordic countries, with a budget of 7 million Norwegian krone over 3 years.
Risto kunelius. security, privacy and trust, the legitimation challenge of th...NordForsk
This document outlines a research project funded by the Academy of Finland from 2015-2018 focusing on societal security, privacy, and trust in the network society. The project examines how legitimacy is discursively produced for two digital infrastructures - a content delivery system and a surveillance system operated by intelligence and market actors. It analyzes the consensus, legitimate controversies, and illegitimacies in these discourses involving state, politics, journalism, technology, markets, consumers, and individuals. The research includes a media discourse study with international researchers, analysis of policy documents, stakeholder interviews, and user surveys and focus groups. Conclusions and policy recommendations will be reported in 2018.
This document outlines the SAMRISK II project which examines how digitalization is changing risk communication. The project focuses on communication during crises like terrorism, natural disasters, and cyberattacks. It aims to understand how digital media is reshaping risk understanding and management by exploring how different actors communicate risk online and how this impacts traditional risk communication. The work will be done through three work packages analyzing risk communication environments, specific risk communication events, and the formulation and dissemination of policy.
This document summarizes the SECURIT research program conducted from 2012-2017 in Sweden. The program studied information security culture through several projects in psychology, cognitive science, philosophy, and other disciplines. It explored how factors like human behavior, organizational culture, and technology impact information security. The research examined topics like user compliance with security policies, risk perceptions, and security incident responses. The overall goal was to improve information security through understanding the interaction of social and technical aspects of security culture.
This document outlines a research project that will study how households function in crisis situations involving electricity and digital infrastructure failures. The project will take a comparative approach, examining cases of infrastructure breakdowns in Norway, Sweden, and Iceland. It will analyze existing crisis plans and household preparedness, as well as compare practices between the three countries. The goal is to understand household roles and resources during crises in order to provide recommendations on better utilizing households in future emergency response and planning. The research will involve interviews, document analysis, surveys, and fieldwork using qualitative methods.
Eija stark. roma and nordic societies historical security practices of the ma...NordForsk
This document discusses the historical security practices of majority and minority groups in Nordic societies, specifically examining the relationship between the Roma minority and majority populations in Finland and other Nordic countries. It explores two approaches: 1) how the majority population has undermined the security of Roma groups through exclusionary policies and informal discrimination, and 2) the strategies Roma people have used to achieve a sense of individual and communal security while maintaining their cultural traditions and distinction from the majority. The document aims to analyze the interplay between these groups by looking at folklore and narratives about Roma, state policies targeting Roma minorities, how Finnish Roma have constructed their historical culture, and the impact of religious conversions on Roma mobilization.
Thomas persson. persona, social capital, administrative traditions and crisis...NordForsk
This document discusses a study on how social capital and administrative culture impact crisis management effectiveness in the EU. It will investigate individuals from different administrative traditions (e.g. Anglo-Saxon, German) on their views of norms, hierarchies, and conduct an initial empirical study to develop a better understanding of the conditions crucial for effective crisis management cooperation across cultures and borders. The goal is to provide insights on improving communication, trust, and coordination between countries and authorities during crises.
This document describes a research project studying governance capacity and legitimacy for societal security and crisis management. The project is funded by the Norwegian Research Council and led by researchers at the University of Bergen. It will conduct comparative case studies of crisis response in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany and the UK. The research will examine governance arrangements, performance, and public perceptions to understand how to build effective capacity for handling transboundary crises. It consists of two modules investigating governance capacity and legitimacy.
Magnus ekengern. crisis management cooperation in europe an empirical investi...NordForsk
This document discusses research on improving the European Union's crisis management capacity. It aims to determine when, where, and how EU crisis management can provide most value added to member states. The researcher analyzes the 2010 ash cloud crisis that disrupted air travel across Europe. Key lessons are that the EU needs improved sense-making, coordination, decision-making, and learning capacities for transboundary crises affecting multiple countries. The planned result is a model and proposals to clarify competence between the EU and member states for managing such cross-border emergencies effectively.
This document discusses a research project examining Norway's preparedness, response, and recovery after the 2011 terrorist attacks. The project will study: 1) whether Norway is better prepared for disasters since 2011 through improved collaboration, risk assessment, and local response capacity; 2) the social learning processes in the aftermath and how communities reestablish order and security; and 3) how organizational culture and interfaces influence vulnerability reduction, preparedness, and crisis handling. The researcher will analyze reports on changes made since 2011 and interview key safety/security actors to answer the research questions.
w Norwegian strategy societal research and development per brekke dsbNordForsk
The document outlines Norway's strategies and perspectives on societal security research and development. Key policy goals include improving leadership, inter-organizational coordination, and using research-based knowledge. High priority research areas focus on societal robustness, critical infrastructures, cybersecurity, terrorism prevention, and governance. Strategic measures to strengthen research include monitoring funded projects, boosting domestic research capacities, and strategic cooperation with universities. This cooperation is facilitated through annual conferences, education programs, and problem-solving arenas that bring practitioners and researchers together at strategic, academic, and operational levels.
Points for summary, NordForsk conference 26-27 nov 14, Kenneth PettersenNordForsk
The document discusses key themes and challenges for societal security research agendas in Nordic countries. It addresses how to define societal security and whether the focus should be on societal security as an identity or as a function. There are different narratives and objects of study that require different methodologies. Issues of governance, public/private organization, and resilience are discussed, along with safety tradeoffs and unintended consequences of measures. The document concludes that a distinct form of Nordic security research is emerging, characterized by long-term investment in fundamental challenges, multidisciplinary solutions, trust between academia and other sectors, and an opportunity for increased collaboration.
This document provides an overview of solar storms and space weather. It discusses properties of coronal mass ejections and solar flares, why they occur due to the solar magnetic field becoming unstable, and their effects like geomagnetic storms and auroras. Examples of extreme solar storms in 1921, 1982, 2003 and 2012 are presented. The document also describes the Swedish Space Weather Center's role in providing forecasts and information to users in Sweden and internationally.
Tom Sorell, University of Warwick. partnership for conflict, crime and securi...NordForsk
1. The document outlines themes around conflict, cybersecurity, organized crime, and leadership activities and research related to the Partnership on Crime, Conflict and Security and the My GULF program.
2. It discusses criteria for what constitutes a serious crime, including the level of harm, public interest in prevention, and severity of punishment, and gives examples like terrorism, drug trafficking, and domestic abuse.
3. The concept of serious crime is expanded to include crimes that frustrate the purpose or conduct of institutions designed to reduce harm, such as courts, prisons, police forces, and regulated markets.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Guðrún Gísladóttir and Guðrún Pétursdóttir NORDRESS 26.nov. 2014
1. NORDRESS
Nordic Center of Excellence
on Resilience and Societal Security
Guðrún Gísladóttir and Guðrún Pétursdóttir
University of Iceland
Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences /Institute for Sustainability Studies
ggisla@hi.is, gudrun@hi.is
New trends in societal security research in the Nordic countries.
26 - 27 November 2014
2. NORDRESS
A new NCoE under the
Nordic Societal Security Programme
http://www.nordforsk.org/en/news/two-new-nordic-centres-of-excellence-in-societal-security
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
3. NORDRESS will focus on
• Societal security and resilience under the impact of
natural hazards i.e. extreme weather, floods,
landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, forest fires,
etc. as opposed to intentional (terrorism, war etc.)
and manmade hazards (technological, industrial etc.)
• These are natural hazards impacting all the Nordic
countries from local to trans-boundary levels.
• The study will be interdisciplinary, adopting methods
and viewpoints of natural, social and health sciences.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
4. 16 Nordic
partners
Emphasis on
added Nordic value
by ensuring
transnational
participation in all
WPs
Participants Country
University of Iceland Iceland
Icelandic Meteorological Office Iceland
Iceland Civil Protection and Emergency Management Iceland
Icelandic Coastguard Iceland
SAReye – Software for Search and Rescue Iceland
Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen Norway
National Center for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern
Denmark
Denmark
Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norway
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Denmark
Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Norway
Swedish Geotechnical Institute Sweden
Copenhagen Center for Disaster research/ Copenhagen Business School Denmark
Finnish Meteorological Institute Finland
University of Eastern Finland Finland
Oslo and Akershus Univ. Coll. of Appl. Sciences (NOVA) Norway
Malmö University Sweden
Aalborg University Denmark
5. Increasing impacts of disasters
• Natural disasters more than quadrupled since 1985
• 440 million people affected by natural hazards in 2011.
• density of populations and constructed facilities,
• human activity in hazardous zones,
• extreme weather events,
• effects of one event leading to others,
• climate change may lead to increased frequency and
intensity of extreme weather,
• poor land use management and policy/decision making,
• poorly understood effects of natural hazards on mental
and physical health.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
6. Resilience
At all stages of the cycle of emergency management:
prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.
:
Source: Barnier M., 2006. http://ec.europa.eu/archives/commission_2004-2009/president/pdf/rapport_barnier_en.pdf
7. Resilience at different societal levels
Resilience derives from the
intricate interplay between
individuals, communities,
institutions and
infrastructures
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
8. Individual resilience
• Growing awareness of the importance of assessing
long-term effects of trauma on survivor’s health.
• In particular Post traumatic stress disorder
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
9. WP3.1 long-term health effects of disasters
• The problem: Studies on the long-term health effects
of disasters are rare and results inconclusive.
• Important to investigate specific health effects of
natural disasters on survivors to identify risk factors
for long-term suffering as well as protective factors.
• The study: WP3.1 will investigate long-term physical
and psychological health following natural disasters,
• emphasizing predictors of recovery.
10. WP 3.2 Children in natural disasters –
health and risk communication
• The problem: Little known about health effects of
natural disasters on children, or how they react to
risk communication.
• The study: WP3.2 will investigate:
• Specific health effects of natural disasters on children
• identify and optimize ways of communicating with
children about natural disasters and
• Investigate potential demographic differences in risk
perceptions, reactions and understanding.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
11. WP3.3 Psychosocial support and
intervention
• The problem: Most people recover quickly from post-disaster
mental health problems. However, to serve the long-term
suffering minority there is a need for effective and
accessible interventions, which function well for large
populations.
• The study: WP3.3 will
• compile a historical overview of psychosocial support
following natural disasters in the Nordic countries,
• develop ways of providing psychosocial support,
• develop disaster focused intervention programs
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
12. Community resilience
Communities play a vital role during and after a disastrous
event.
The aim is to increase community resilience by
understanding risk perception, hazard communication,
and community coping as well as strengthening public
participation in hazard monitoring and early warning.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
13. WP 4.1 Unpacking and measuring
community resilience
The problem: Need to explore the concept of
community resilience in relation to natural hazards
in a Nordic context and identify relevant indicators.
The study: How is resilience composed?
Which factors contribute to community resilience?
How can aspects of community resilience be
measured?
How can community resilience be strengthened?
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
14. WP 4.2 Risk perception
• The problem: Understanding, awareness and
effective communication about natural
hazards and risks are vital for appropriate
preparedness both among the general public
and policymakers.
• The source of information and method of
delivery are of key importance.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
15. WP 4.2 Risk perception
The study: A comparative Nordic study of how
risk perception to natural hazards is affected
by demographic, technical and societal
factors.
• How do policymakers and emergency
managers utilize current knowledge and how
is it best communicated?
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
16. Task 4.3 Participatory early warning and
monitoring systems
• The problem: Early warning and monitoring
systems are sparse in many hazardous areas,
making it difficult to issue timely public
warnings or follow the process of hazardous
events.
• The public can provide in-situ photographs of
water levels, snow banks, forest fires, or other
phenomena.
• Critical infrastructure stakeholders can also
upload local time series of e.g. water levels.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
17. Task 4.3 Participatory early warning and
monitoring systems
• The study: The study will investigate novel ways of
expanding various monitoring techniques with
network-based public participation.
• The goal is to incorporate public observations into
existing monitoring networks and real time modelling
and forecasting systems.
18. WP5 Infrastructure resilience
• Essential infrastructure vulnerable to natural
hazards includes transport.
• Reduce effects of extreme weather, landslides
and avalanches on roads/railways
• Reduce the vulnerability of air traffic to
volcanic eruptions.
19. Infrastructure resilience
− WP 5.1 Slope failures and transport infrastructure
− WP 5.2 Snow avalanches on transport infrastructure
− WP 5.3 Flooding and coastal erosion
− WP 5.4 Arctic offshore challenges
− WP 5.5 Air traffic to volcanic eruptions
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
20. WP5.1 Mitigation of risk posed by slope
failures on transport infrastructure
• The problem: Slope failures impact roads and railways in
Nordic countries.
• The frequency and intensity of these events may
increase with climate change.
• The study: Analysis of factors contributing to transport
infrastructure vulnerability and resilience in the Nordic
countries.
• Risk analyses for selected engineered slopes and
embankments to identify main sources of vulnerability.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
21. WP 5.2 Mitigation of risk posed by snow
avalanches on transport infrastructure
• The problem: Snow avalanches threaten lives and
societal infrastructure.
• Mitigation includes physical and non-physical
measures.
• Physical measures are very costly and inflexible while
prediction models need to be improved to increase
their reliability.
22. WP 5.2 Mitigation of risk posed by snow
avalanches on transport infrastructure
• The study: Model to estimate 24 hr probability of
snow avalanche hitting a road.
• Map existing mitigation measures to reduce risk.
• Detailed cost effectiveness analysis of physical
protection measures versus use of monitoring and
warning in selected places.
23. WP5.3 Risk assessment and prevention for
flooding and coastal erosion in extreme
weather
• The problem: Lacking regional compilation of
extreme weather effects. Flooding and risk
assessment only performed locally in many places.
• Prevention measures decided locally without
structured follow-up and evaluation.
• Climate change impacts likely to have different
effects on various hazard risks in different Nordic
regions. The uncertainty of predictions has to be
communicated to stakeholders and the public.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
24. WP5.3 Risk assessment and prevention for
flooding
• The study: Guidelines for risk assessment and
preventive measures developed, including land use
and coastal planning.
• Statistics compiled on consequences of flooding and
storm events in vulnerable areas, including
uncertainty analysis in relation to model based
predictions.
25. WP 5.4 Arctic offshore challenges
• The problem: Increased tourism, shipping and
offshore oil exploration in the Arctic create new
dangers.
• Prepare prevention, response and recovery from
disasters in Arctic waters.
26. WP 5.4 Arctic offshore challenges
• The study:
• Mapping current hazards in Arctic waters.
• Analyse planning, execution and evaluation of
SAREX in the Arctic.
• Develop a concept for computer-assisted cross-boundary
table-top SAREX in the Arctic for future
exercises.
• International rescue hub in Iceland
27. WP 5.5 Vulnerability of air traffic to
volcanic eruptions
• NORDRESS will form a joint collaboration platform
between on-going FP7 projects FutureVolc and
Enhance in order to improve aviation preparedness
and response to volcanic eruptions.
28. Institutional resilience
• The overarching question of WP6 is: Can the societal
resilience of the Nordic countries be improved
through changes in legal and regulatory frameworks
and enhanced institutional cooperation?
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
29. WP 6.1. Review and enhance institutional
framework for natural hazard management
• The Problem: Lacking overview of how natural
hazards are managed in the Nordic countries.
• Resilience towards natural hazards cannot be
safeguarded with centralized top-down approaches.
• Proper natural hazard management needs to be
activated at all stages of the society.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
30. Institutional framework
• The Study: A review of the current management
regimes, for handling natural hazards in Nordic
countries.
• Identification of options for improvement:
• how is natural hazard risk assessment incorporated
into land use planning in the Nordic countries?
• how are public or private insurance compensation
regimes designed?
• how can these measures be coordinated and
improved?
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
31. WP 6.2 The Nordic Welfare system
• The problem: Poorly defined role of the Nordic
welfare systems in natural disasters.
• Roles of social services are not fully outlined.
• Need for long-term response plans, typically
governed by municipalities and social services in
cooperation with health care services.
NORDIC COOPERATION ON CIVIL SECURITY:
32. WP 6.2 The Nordic Welfare system
The study will focus on the following questions:
• Are social services included in emergency plans in
the Nordic countries?
• What roles do and could social services play?
• Is there need for a better integration of the welfare
and civil protection systems?
33. Training and mobility
Strong emphasis on training and mobility for all
Nordic Social Security Academy will provide
mobility grants and fund courses
The NSSA will be open to courses on societal security on a
broad level, not only pertaining to natural hazards.
34. NORDRESS will improve
resilience
in the Nordic countries by providing
science based recommendations to
relevant authorities
Thank you!
NORDRESS management and WP leaders:
Adriaan Perrels, Arna Hauksdótttir, Ask Elklint, Atle Dyregrov, Christian Jaedicke, Farrokh
Nadim, Guðmundur Freyr Úlfarsson, Guðný Björk Eydal, Guðrún Gísladóttir, Guðrún
Jóhannesdóttir, Guðrún Pétursdóttir, Haakon Lein, Hans Jörgen Henriksen, Harpa Dís Jónsdóttir,
Ingibjörg Lilja Ómarsdóttir, Morten Tanning Vendelö, Per Danielsson, Sigrún Karlsdóttir.
Editor's Notes
Various stakeholders will be involved; scientists, people working in offices, insurance companies, civil protection officials, planners, coastguards, rescue people etc..........
During the last 30 years, the number of registered natural disasters worldwide has more than quadrupled.
In 2011 440 million people were affected by natural hazards worldwide.
The increasing impact of disasters is mainly due to increased density of populations and constructed facilities, human activity in hazardous zones, extreme weather events and cascading effects of one event leading to others.
The frequency and intensity of extreme weather may increase due to climate change; and negative effects of natural hazards augmented due to poor land use management and policy/decision making; and poorly understood effects of natural hazards on mental and physical health.
Resilience is an overarching concept that infiltrates the current understanding of societal security. in NORDRESS resilience must infiltrate the entire cycle of emergency management: prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.
Individuals contribute to society’s robustness with strong physical and mental health and personal preparedness,
while active communities reveal the potential of people working together informally to cope with the impacts of natural hazards on everyday life.
Society is bound together by infrastructures that strengthen the overall societal resilience through communication, critical lifelines, energy, and logistics.
In return, these infrastructures support the workings of institutions that create formal frameworks for legal and political responsibility.
For the purpose of analysing, we view societal resilience as being composed of four different dimensions which are all important for societal resilience. In this context they simply represent analytical tools and it is equally relevant to study the interplay among individuals, communities, infrastructures and institutions:
How do, for instance, institutions support individual resilience or how do infrastructures influence the resilience of communities?
The WHO disaster guidelines emphasize the importance of follow-up especially on how survivors benefit from post-disaster and community response.
PTSD one of the most serious mental health problem following disasters.
can, if left untreated, become persistent and develop to more severe physical and mental outcomes.
The majority of studies on trauma and health focus on other potentially traumatic events, such as war and abuse.
WP3.1 will emphasize injuries, respiratory health (following volcanic eruptions), PTSD, anxiety, depression, psychological stress, sleep related problems and other psychosomatic morbidity.
Emphasis on predictors of recovery (demographics, familial and societal support, preparedness and restoration factors).
The problem: Little known about health effects of natural disasters on children, or how they react to risk communication about potential or happened disasters. Furthermore it is not known at what age or state of development they start accessing and reacting to news about disasters in the media.
The study WP3.2 will a) study specific health effects of natural disasters on children and b) identify and optimize ways of communicating with children about natural disasters, and c) investigate potential demographic differences in risk perceptions, reactions and understanding.
The problem: Most people recover quickly from post-disaster mental health problems. However, to serve the long-term suffering minority there is a need for effective and accessible interventions, which function well for large populations.
The study: WP3.3 will a) compile a historical overview of psychosocial support following natural disasters in the Nordic countries, b) develop novel and efficient ways of providing and distributing psychosocial support (self-help, telemedicine, new technology, cell phones (apps) etc.,) and c) develop disaster focused intervention programs, such as school based educational programs and web based psychotherapy (evidence based methods).
Communities (neighbourhoods, villages or municipalities) play a vital role during and after a disastrous event.
The capability of local communities to prepare for, act during, and recover after a crisis is commonly referred to as community resilience.
How can community resilience be increased by understanding its nature, and improving stakeholder awareness, communication and participation?
In Community resilience we will focus on social capital and community competence as well as communication of risk information before, during and after disasters, as community resilience depends on effective interaction between scientists, other experts, the general public, media, emergency managers and policy makers.
Surveys will be carried out to explore the role of community resilience in the phases of prevention and preparedness (monitoring, risk perception, training/exercises, and early warning), and disaster response and recovery (evacuation and coping capacity).
The problem: The concept of community resilience in relation to natural hazard has not been much explored in a Nordic context and relevant indicators remain to be identified and investigated.
The study: How is resilience constituted and enacted across a set of Nordic communities.
Which factors contribute to community resilience and which community resources can be mobilized in a crisis situation?
How can aspects of community resilience be measured?
How can community resilience be strengthened?
Case studies will be performed in Nordic communities that have experienced disasters to explore the role of community resilience in the phases of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.
A common set of issues will be explored to allow comparison a) according to hazard type, b) between communities with and without previous disaster experience c) between the Nordic countries.
The problem: Understanding, awareness and effective communication about natural hazards and risks are vital for appropriate preparedness both among the general public and policymakers.
Authorities need to utilize public as well as scientific knowledge to gain understanding of potential hazards and learn how best to warn the public.
Experience has shown that different groups respond differently to warning messages. The source of the information and the method of delivery are of key importance.
The understanding of how to warn the public and communicate knowledge effectively is relevant for disaster prevention. Improved understanding of the public´s reaction plus proactive work feeds into the capacity building of the relevant authorities. By analyzing the past and ongoing experiences this part of the project focuses on improving communication between scientists, authorities, media, and the general public.
The integrated approach will contribute to improved risk management practices and tools and improve the effective communication of hazard warnings.
The study: A comparative Nordic study of how risk perception to natural hazards is affected by demographic, technical and societal factors. Through which channels and from which sources do people get their information and which sources of information do they trust best? To what extent do types of channels and sources and type of information affect the inclination to pro-act or react? How do policymakers and emergency managers utilize current knowledge and how is it best communicated?
The understanding of how to warn the public and communicate knowledge effectively is relevant for disaster prevention. Improved understanding of the public´s reaction plus proactive work feeds into the capacity building of the relevant authorities. By analyzing the past and ongoing experiences this part of the project focuses on improving communication between scientists, authorities, media, and the general public.
The integrated approach will contribute to improved risk management practices and tools and improve the effective communication of hazard warnings.
A survey will be carried out among general public, and we will interview and monitoring local residents and visitors, local authorities, infrastructure managers, civil protection authorities, and relevant NGOs. If full scale evacuation and disaster management exercises will be carried in the Nordic countries we will participate and monitor.
The problem: Early warning and monitoring systems are sparse in many hazardous areas, making it difficult to issue timely public warnings or follow the process of hazardous events.
While water level data can contribute to accurate real time modelling of hazardous events and enable improved forecasts of damage on critical infrastructure hours or days before the hazard occurs, lack of or sparse early warning and monitoring systems in many hazardous areas, make it difficult to issue timely public warnings or follow the process of hazardous events.
The public can provide in-situ photographs of water levels, snow banks, forest fires, or other phenomena.
For flooding hazards, water level data can make real time hydrological modelling of flooding more accurate and enable improved forecasts of damage on critical infrastructure hours or days before the hazard occurs.
Improved participation can encourage the public to respond to warnings and be better prepared for flooding hazards, and allow critical infrastructure stakeholders to better navigate in hazard situations.
Critical infrastructure stakeholders can also upload local time series of e.g. water levels and flow measurements to a real time modelling system.
The study will include a review of different participatory early warning, monitoring and modelling systems and techniques, focussing on the merits of real-time public participation in the communication of, for instance, changing groundwater and river levels.
Next, case studies are selected in the Nordic countries for developing and testing participatory early warning systems and preparation of stakeholder involvement plans targeting critical infrastructure stakeholders. This will be followed by a review of user needs from experts within the consortium as well as from the public, emphasizing design and piloting of a web interface prototype so that different types of hazards can be handled and visualized (allowing uploading of local observations).
In the next phase we will develop a method for compiling, processing and quality assuring the uploaded data in datasets to facilitate statistical analyses, develop flooding indicators and data assimilation techniques to protect critical infrastructures. A prototyped web interface will be tested in cooperation with experts from the consortium and observers who have uploaded the data.
The goal is to incorporate public observations into existing monitoring networks and real time modelling and forecasting systems so that:
more timely and accurate warnings can be issued; more comprehensive compilations of damage effects targeting various critical infrastructure are received; and public risk perception and hazard awareness are improved; people´s adaptive capacity will be improved, building public confidence in governmental monitoring efforts and improving regional –land use planning and hazard mitigation.
Land-, sea-, and air-based transports are all parts of essential infrastructure vulnerable to natural hazards.
The generic question dealt with in WP5 is: What measures can reduce the vulnerability of land- or sea-based transport infrastructure to extreme hydro-meteorological events?
Similarly, we will look at the vulnerability of air traffic to volcanic eruptions.
The problem: Every year a number of incidents and accidents related to slope failures impact the roads and railways in Nordic countries.
These can be rock falls, landslides in natural or engineered slopes, or failure of road or rail embankments triggered by hydro-meteorological events like heavy precipitation and temperatures oscillating around zero. The frequency and intensity of these events may increase in the future with climate change.
Key vulnerability factors include aging constructions, poor maintenance, poorly dimensioned drainage systems, human activity changing runoff patterns and poor communication and coordination between infrastructure owners and land developers, which may be affected by legislation and institutional setup.
The study: Based on the existing damage data, an analysis of factors contributing to transport infrastructure vulnerability and resilience in the Nordic countries will be carried out.
For selected engineered slopes and embankments, risk analyses will be performed to identify main sources of vulnerability.
This will be done through case studies, modelling and stakeholder interaction. We will in particular investigate the impact of poor land use practices that e.g. may change runoff patterns during precipitation events.
The problem: Norway, Sweden and Iceland all face dangers of snow avalanches that may threaten lives and societal infrastructure, including transport.
Mitigation includes physical measures such as protection walls and non-physical measures such as prediction and warning.
Physical measures are very costly and inflexible while prediction models need to be improved to increase their reliability.
The study: To improve warning, a probabilistic snow avalanche exposure model will be developed to estimate probability of an exposed road/railway being hit by a snow avalanche in the coming 24 hours. The model will consider triggering and run-out and will be calibrated using existing snow avalanche data.
Existing mitigation measures reducing risk to transport infrastructure will be mapped.
Detailed analysis will be carried out of selected cases considering cost effectiveness of physical protection measures versus use of monitoring and warning, including an analysis of the cost of "false alarms" when transport lines are closed.
The problem: In many places regional compilation of the effects of extreme weather and flooding is lacking and risk assessment is only performed locally.
Similarly, prevention measures are also decided locally without structured follow-up and evaluation of their effectiveness.
Climate change impacts are likely to have different effects on various hazard risks in different Nordic regions. While a 100-year flow event in some areas may become a 20-year event in the future, the uncertainty of such predictions has to be communicated to stakeholders and the public.
The study: By comparing best practices in the Nordic countries, guidelines for risk assessment and preventive measures will be developed, including ecosystem based adaptation as well as land use and coastal planning with a holistic perspective.
Statistics on the consequences of flooding and storm events in vulnerable areas will be compiled, including uncertainty analysis in relation to model based predictions.
The problem: Increased tourism, shipping and offshore oil exploration in the Arctic following climate change and emerging technologies create new dangers due to extreme weather, uncharted waters and lack of infrastructure.
It is important to prepare the prevention of, response to and recovery from disasters in Arctic waters and suggest infrastructural improvements to address these challenges.
The study: Current hazards and vulnerabilities in the Arctic (offshore) will be mapped.
An on-site observation will be conducted of the planning, execution and evaluation of SAREX in the Arctic, to investigate existing modes of imagining, discovering and reacting to emerging offshore hazards and vulnerabilities in the Arctic.
We plan to develop a concept for computer-assisted cross-boundary table-top SAREX in the Arctic. By surveying the state of the field and best practices from other regions and activities the aim is to provide the involved countries with better tools for future table-top exercises.
Finally we conduct a feasibility study on an International Rescue Hub at the former US Naval Air Station in Keflavik, Iceland, with the aim of creating more permanent infrastructure supporting Mass Rescue Operations in the Arctic. A Mass Rescue Operation (MRO) is one that involves a need for immediate assistance to large numbers of persons in distress such that capabilities normally available to SAR authorities are inadequate.
NORDRESS will form a joint collaboration platform for investigating the effects of volcanic eruptions on societal security, in particular on air transport
By bringing together partners from the on-going FP7 projects FutureVolc and Enhance.
FUTUREVOLC is a 26-partner project that aims for improved monitoring and evaluation of volcanic hazards,
ENHANCE investigates the impacts of volcanic ash on air travel.
The Problem: A comparative and comprehensive overview of how natural hazards are managed in the Nordic countries is lacking and required.
In a modern complex and dynamic society resilience towards natural hazards cannot be safeguarded with centralized top-down approaches.
This means that activation across society and inherent incentives to proper natural hazard management (at all stages) are key characteristics. This, in turn may cause new challenges, e.g. regarding responsibilities and accountability for different public (state, municipality) and private (businesses, home owners, insurances) actors. This is underscored by various controversies regarding responsibility for hazard events ending up in court, as well as by the troubles some of the Nordic societies have in designing and implementing legislation concerning management of natural hazard and insurance of impacts of natural hazards. Also the handling of uncertainty, the role of experts and scientists, and the degree of information access merit attention, as was shown by the trial of Italian earthquake specialists in relation to the L’Aquila earthquake in 2009.
The Study: A review of the current management regimes, for handling natural hazards in Nordic countries, focusing on scales of governance, risk-sharing policies, risk mitigation strategies, land use planning, incentive structures, and types of stakeholder participation.
The identification of options for improvement
A) how is natural hazard risk assessment incorporated into land use planning in the Nordic countries?;
B) how are public or private insurance compensation regimes designed?;
C) how can these measures be coordinated and improved to clarify responsibility, reduce conflicts, maintain or promote equity, and incite preventive behaviour and decision making?
The problem: The role of the Nordic welfare systems when natural disasters occur, are poorly defined.
Emergency response plans and the civil protection systems do include the health systems in their mitigation and emergency plans, but the roles of social services are not fully outlined.
These services are usually provided at municipal level and in case of disasters such services are of vital importance to the inhabitants.
Furthermore, studies show a need for long-term response plans, which are typically governed by municipalities and social services in cooperation with health care services.
The study will focus on the following questions:
Are social services included in emergency plans in the Nordic countries?
What roles do and could social services play?
Is there need for a better integration of the welfare and civil protection systems?
The study will build on the results of an on-going study on the role of the Nordic welfare state in times of disasters. Based on those, cases of best practices will be chosen for further studies from each participating country.
NORDRESS will strengthen training, education, and mobility through the Nordic Social Security Academy which will provide mobility grants for NORDRESS partners and fund courses for graduate students, policy makers, rescue workers, media, and others that Nordic academics, emergency management experts and other relevant agents are prepared to offer.
The NSSA will be open to courses on societal security on a broad level, not only pertaining to natural hazards.