1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks. 2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity. 3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.

1. OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND INTERNAL SECURITY
ROLE OF THE NATIONAL DISASTER OPERATION
CENTRE IN CLIMATE CHANGE MANAGEMENT
By
COL (RTD) BOB YUGI

2. 2

3. BACKGROUND
•Kenya is affected by various disasters
whose diverse effects are borne by the
citizens.
•Over the years, disasters have resulted
in human suffering due to minimal or
lack of preventive and mitigation
measures in order to minimize their
effects.

4. NATIONAL DISASTER OPERATIONS
CENTRE (NDOC)
 Initially established on 21 Jan 98
following the adverse effects of El
Nino rains.
 Later, the US Embassy bomb blast
in Aug 98 affirmed the requirement
to have a permanent entity to
coordinate disaster management in
the country.

5. It is manned by officers drawn from
various Ministries/Departments of the
Government on a 24 hour basis. These
include Ministry of Defence,
Provincial Administration, Health,
Ministry of Roads and Public Works,
Local Government, National Youth
Service , etc

6. MISSION
To monitor, co-ordinate, mobilize
resources and respond to disaster
incidents in the country.

7. MANDATE
 Monitor all disasters on 24 /7 basis.
 Mobilize national resources to combat
rapid onset disasters.
 Co-ordinate disaster management
activities.
 Collaborate and network with other
stakeholders.

8.  Coordination at the national level of
all disaster management activities.
 Ensuring agencies are informed of
the activation of disaster
contingency plans.
 Translating the decisions of the
National Disaster Coordination
Committee (NDCC) into action.

9. NDOC LINKAGE CHART
UN,NGO,CBO NDOC MINISTRIES
PDMCs
DDMCs
DIVISION
LOCATION SUB-LOCATION
VILLAGE

10. REGIONAL AND INTN’L
ASSOCIATION
NDOC liaises with the Regional Disaster
Management Centre of Excellence, a key link
to member states.
The Kenya Red Cross society connects Kenya
to the International Red Cross.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) country
office in Nairobi links it to the UN system.

11. LANDSLIDES

12. FLOODING IN BUDALANG’I

13. Drought

14. IMPACT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE IN KENYA
Deaths
1.Climate change is now ranked as the
world’s new epidemic, leading to the
deaths of 300,000 people annually
through floods, disease and hunger.
Daily nation 18th June 2010

15. 2.Agriculture
Most of Africa relies on rain-fed
agriculture. Any amount of warming will
result in increased water stress. Roughly
70% of the population lives by farming,
and 40% of all exports are agricultural
products .One-third of the income in
Africa is generated through
agriculture.(Odingo 1990; FAO 1999).

16. 3. Water supply.
The snow and glaciers of Kenya act as a
water tower, and several rivers are drying out
in the warm season due to the loss of this
frozen reservoir (IPPC 2001)


17. 4. Disease.
Small changes in temperature and
precipitation will boost the population of
disease-carrying mosquitoes and result in
increased malaria epidemics (Lindsay
and Martens 1998).

18. 5. Impact On Animals
Africa occupies about one-fifth of the global land
surface and contains about one-fifth of all known
species of plants, mammals, and birds in the world,
as well as one-sixth of amphibians and reptiles
(Siegfried 1989).
Coral reefs in the Indian Ocean experienced massive
bleaching in 1998, with over 50% mortality in some
regions. Damage to coral reef systems has far
reaching implications for fisheries, food security,
tourism and overall marine biodiversity.(Spalding
2001)

19. 6. Biodiversity loss
Given the heavy dependence on natural resources
in Africa, many communities are vulnerable to
the biodiversity loss that could result from
climate change. The impact of climate change on
humans will also be compounded by climate
change-induced alterations of agriculture, water
supply and disease.

20. ROLE OF NATIONAL DISASTER
OPERATIONS CENTRE IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE

21. Collaborates with National Climate
1.
Change Activities Coordinating
Committee (NCCACC).
Its members are drawn from ministries of
agriculture and Forestry, Energy, Planning,
Finance, Industry, Research and Technology,
municipal councils, public universities, the
private sector and from non-governmental
organizations. It performs the following:
 Public information and awareness

22.  Assist with the preparation of information to the
IPCC and other bodies concerned with climate
issues, and ensure the formulation of appropriate
national responses to issues which may be raised
at national and international levels;

23.  Development of human resources, including the
preparation of teaching materials on climate
change;

24.  Advise the government on climate change-related
aspects requiring policy guidance;
 Advise the government on the implications of
commitments under the UNFCCC on climate
change and related issues;
 Respond to scientific and other issues on climate
change, impacts and respective strategies;
 Advice on the selection of participants to national
and international meetings related to climate
change.

25.  Ensure the establishment of a properly networked
database on climate change, impact and response
strategies, and research activities;
 Identify and facilitate development of national
research programmes on climate change, impacts and
response strategies and options, and advise the
government on studies for which funding by the
Global Environment Facility (GEF) or any other
international financial mechanisms is required;
 Identify research projects requiring regional and
international cooperation;

26. 2. Coordination at the national level of all disaster
management activities before, during and after
the disaster.
 With KenGen NDOC developed Project Idea Notes (PINs)
for nine of its many power generating projects and
submitted them to the World Bank, 6 of which were
accepted for emission trading.

27.  Ensuring that all key personnel and volunteer
agencies are informed of the activation of
disaster contingency plan(s)
 Translating the decisions of the National
Disaster Coordination Committee (NDCC)
into action and/or instruction and ensuring
that those instructions are transmitted and
carried out by the Ministries/departments to
whom they are directed

28. 3. Preparing all inventories for resources/assets
countrywide.
4. Prepares and issues a daily situation report
(SITREP) to the subscribing
Ministries/Departments (eg with KMD Weather
reports)
5. Floods .
Developing a prioritized list of needs for donors to meet
shortfalls in relief supplies
Preparation of evacuation plans, shelter and refugee
areas including identification of executing agencies

29. 6 .Arranging clearance for aircrafts, ships as well as
customs and visas clearance for overseas relief
personnel and agencies
7. Media programmes for public information and
press briefing at the center.
8. Carrying out annual review, evaluation and
validation of national and sectorial disaster
mitigation plans with a view of improving their
effectiveness and efficiency

30. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS
 Manning the centre on a 24/7, 365 days
 National Focal Point and DRR Platform
 Availability of standby pool of operational
officers
 Formulation of disaster policy and
contingency plans

31. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS (Cont)
 Capacity building on personnel
 National inventory for disaster response
 Hazard mapping of the country (on-going)
 Advocacy and Awareness campaigns across the
country.
 Regional and International cooperation.

32. OTHER MITIGATIONS EFFORTS
TOWARDS COMBATING CLIMATE
CHANGE IN KENYA
Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol:
The country has also operationalized the
implementation of target objectives and
agreements albeit at lower scale due to socio -
economic challenges.
 Key among these are re-development of
existing hydropower and gas-power projects
to produce clean energy in turn reducing CO2

33.  Involved in water catchment
conservation in all the 5 water towers of
Kenya through a tree planting
partnership with local communities
under the Kenya Sector Environment
Program.
 Increasing the cumulative number of
clean energy projects in the country.

34.  Working in collaboration with Carbon Footprint
Limited (United Kingdom-based on-line commercial
enterprise trading in carbon offsets and offering
consultancy services), TIST has a tree planting
project based in Laikipia and Meru Districts, Central
Kenya taking advantage of the Voluntary Emission
Reductions(VERs). 1,415,715 trees have been
planted by 2,650 small groups funded by USAID
(Murray and Dey, 2009).

35. CONSTRAINTS AND
CHALLENGES

36. MAJOR CHALLENGES FACING DISASTER MGT
IN KENYA:
• low levels of development.
• Inadequate resources and awareness.
• Unplanned urban development.
• Illegal and substandard structures.

37. MAJOR CHALLENGES Cont..
• Legal frameworks, policies, political
commitment, decentralization and
appropriate allocation of resources.
• Community response.
• Strengthening of PDC and DDC
• Awareness and level of preparedness.

38. MAJOR CHALLENGES (Cont…)
• Inadequate validation of existing disaster
management plans.
• Porous borders
• Insufficient law and bylaws enforcement
• Corruption

39. CONCLUSION
 Magnitude and frequency of the impacts are
expected to increase due to effects of
development on the environment and
livelihoods.
 A culture of safety and security is mandatory
as first line prevention to the Climate Change.
these require efforts beyond the ability of one
single agency or community, hence, the global
approach as agreed through the Yokohama and
Hyogo Framework of Action.

40. CONCLUSION Cont…
Information and knowledge must be shared
because it is everybody’s responsibility to pass
on the message . Knowing what to do will
make a difference between life and death.

41. THANK YOU

42. OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND INTERNAL SECURITY
NATIONAL DISASTER OPERATION
CENTRE (NDOC)
NYAYO HOUSE 3RD FLOOR
P.O BOX48956-00100 Tel 020-2211445,
NAIROBI, KENYA 2212386
FAX 020-2250649
nationaldisasterops@yahoo.co.uk