This document discusses various types of call forwarding in 3 sentences:
It describes unconditional and conditional call forwarding scenarios as well as no reply, busy, and not reachable scenarios. The state transition models show the signaling flows between network elements like the GMSC, HLR, MSC, and VLR when a call is forwarded due to various conditions like absent subscriber, no reply, radio congestion, or detachment. Registration, erasure, activation, and deactivation functions are also covered with regard to managing call forwarding numbers and services.
VoLTE Basic callflows in IMS network v2 - includes Registration, Basic VoLTE Call, SDP, Interconnect, Roaming, highlights important SIP headers for session routing and user identities.
VoLTE Flows and legacy CS network. Basic call routing to and from CS network using BGCF, MGCF, MGW. ENUM role in routing. IMS Cetralized Services (IMC) and SRVCC scenarios.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
VoLTE Basic callflows in IMS network v2 - includes Registration, Basic VoLTE Call, SDP, Interconnect, Roaming, highlights important SIP headers for session routing and user identities.
VoLTE Flows and legacy CS network. Basic call routing to and from CS network using BGCF, MGCF, MGW. ENUM role in routing. IMS Cetralized Services (IMC) and SRVCC scenarios.
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
ims registration call flow procedure volte sipVikas Shokeen
This PDF , VoLTE IMS Registration tutorial covers IMS Registration sip procedure in depth & Provides extract of 3GPP / GSMA Specs , I am covering below call flow in Depth :-
- LTE Attach & Default Internet EPS bearer
- Role of QCI-1 ( Voice ) , QCI-5 (SIP Signaling) , QCI-6 to 9 (Internet)
- Default Vs Dedicated Bearer in LTE
- Default IMS EPS bearer in LTE
- SIP and IMS Registration
- TAS Registration
in these slides you will learn what is roaming and how it is work in simple way also with some signaling to show how the operators work together and how call & SMS routed , billing ,agreement ,
for any information plz contact me (rawand.ali@hotmail.com)
Tel: +9647701105935
ims registration call flow procedure volte sipVikas Shokeen
This PDF , VoLTE IMS Registration tutorial covers IMS Registration sip procedure in depth & Provides extract of 3GPP / GSMA Specs , I am covering below call flow in Depth :-
- LTE Attach & Default Internet EPS bearer
- Role of QCI-1 ( Voice ) , QCI-5 (SIP Signaling) , QCI-6 to 9 (Internet)
- Default Vs Dedicated Bearer in LTE
- Default IMS EPS bearer in LTE
- SIP and IMS Registration
- TAS Registration
in these slides you will learn what is roaming and how it is work in simple way also with some signaling to show how the operators work together and how call & SMS routed , billing ,agreement ,
for any information plz contact me (rawand.ali@hotmail.com)
Tel: +9647701105935
It discusses about the 3G call flow scenarios for both the Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS). Calls are mobile originated. Call making and call tear down both are discussed.
Queue Manager both as sender and Receiver.docxsarvank2
Queue manager is one and once delivery but sure delivery. It is very best technology for message routing. Queue Manager here acting as sender and reciever.
• -How the channel concept is used on the radio interface
• -Different burst formats in the radio interface
• -The hierarchical frame structure
• -The content sent in different logical channels
• -The mapping of the logical channels
• -Superframe and Hyperframe
• -MOBILE STATIONS ISDN NUMBER (MSISDN)
• INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI)
• TEMPORARY MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (TMSI)
• LOCATION AREA IDENTITY (LAI)
• CELL GLOBAL IDENTITY (CGI)
• BASE STATION IDENTITY CODE (BSIC)
• PIN management
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
6. CFU MS B has CFU Activated. SRI PRN SRI ACK IAM PRN ACK Notify GMSC must increment fwd counter by 1 GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup SRI ACK (FTN, CFU) IAM 1. To fixed terminal 2. To MS SRI (NOF = 1, IT = forwarding)
7. CFNRC (MS not reachable detected on GMSC) PRN (IMSI b) PRN SRI ACK IAM PRN ACK Notify GMSC must increment fwd counter by 1 SRI VLR reported Subscriber B is not reachable due to derregister or Purge or detach. GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal 2. To MS SRI (NOF = 1, IT = forwarding) SRI ACK (FTN, Absent MSb) PRN ACK (Absent MSb)
8. CFB (NDUB) PRN (IMSI b) 2. To MS SRI (MS C) PRN SRI ACK IAM PRN ACK Notify SRI MSC detect NDUB when paging MS, MSC gets forwarding info from VLR IAM Notify GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal SRI ACK PRN
9. CFB (UDUB) PRN (IMSI b) 2. To MS IAM Notify SRI MSC detects UDUB during call setup. MSC gets FTN and forwarding info from VLR IAM Notify SRI (MS C) PRN SRI ACK PRN ACK MSc SETUP UDUB GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal SRI ACK PRN
10. CFNRY PRN (IMSI b) 2. To MS IAM Notify SRI MSC starts no reply timer and the timer expired. VLR returns FTN, MSC forwards call. IAM Notify SRI (MS C) PRN SRI ACK PRN ACK MSc SETUP Call Confirm TIME OUT GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal SRI ACK PRN
11. CFNRC (Radio Congestion) PRN (IMSI b) 2. To MS IAM Notify SRI MSC detects radio Congestion. VLR returns FTN, MSC increments redirection count by 1 IAM Notify SRI (MS C) PRN SRI ACK PRN ACK MSc SETUP Call Confirm Radio Congestion GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal SRI ACK PRN
12. CFNRC (No Paging Response) PRN (IMSI b) 2. To MS IAM Notify SRI MSC waits for paging response and the timer expired. VLR returns FTN IAM Notify SRI (MS C) PRN SRI ACK PRN ACK MSc Paging No Response GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal SRI ACK PRN
13. CFNRC (MS Detached) PRN (IMSI b) 2. To MS SRI (MS C) PRN SRI ACK IAM PRN ACK Notify SRI VLR detects MS detached. VLR returns FTN. IAM Notify GMSC HLRb MSC/VLRb HLRc PSTNc MSa MSC/VLRc Setup IAM 1. To fixed terminal SRI ACK PRN